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Democracyofkhmerpart 01
Democracyofkhmerpart 01
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kgsgmenHKanmeFa)aydwkCBankCnbsaFarN KanRTBsm,tikCn nigKansil,kmSanNaEdl
minmanlkNbdivtne_ T ehIykarlEmkmSanRtvGgkarhamXat;ya: gtwgrugw bMptu . RbCaCnenATUTaMgRbeTs
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sEmgecjnUvkarRslaj; escksI b,ayrIkray besckGI aNitGasUr sUm,IEtbnci nc keday. ExrRkhm
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bnab;BdI eNmI )anGMNacPam ExrRkhm)aneFVkI arcab;xn nigsmab;ecalnUvBlTahan nayTahan nigGkrdkar
rbs;rbbsaFarNrdExrdwknaMedayelakesnaRbmux ln; nl; Edlxn cat;Tku faminsatsM Gs;rab;Ban;nak;.
kg rykalCagbIqa bM nab;mkeTot RkmExrRkhm)aneFVkI arkab;smab;bBavn Gkrs;enATIRkg CnCatiPaKtic
dUcCacam evotNam nigcinGs;rab;Esnnak;. ExrRkhmk)ansmab;eyaFanigsmaCikbkSrbs;xnGs;
CaeRcInnak;EdredayecaTfaCnk,t;Catinigk,t;bdivtn_.
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Rtv)andak;kRmit[eFVkI arbgbegnI pl[)anbIetankg mYyhikta. enHmannyfa RbCaCnRtveFVkI ardaMdHu nig
Rctkat;RsUvdb;BrI Exkg mYyqa.M enAtamtMbn;PaKeRcIn ExrRkhm)anbg[M RbCaCneFVkI arelIsBIdb;BrI em:ag
kgmYyf edayminmaneBlsRmaknigmbGaharRKb;RKan;.
rhUtmkdl;cugqaM1977 karb:HTgicCamYyRbeTsevotNam)anpHeLIg. RbCaCnrab;muWnnak;Rtv
GgkarbBaneTAsmrPUmiehIyRtvsab;rab;Ban;nak;.
enAExF qaM1978 kgTBevotNamnigkgkmaMgrbs;rNsirSsamKIsegaHCatikm<Ca )aneFVIkar
vaysRmkcUlRbeTskm<Ca ehIydeNImkan;kab;)anTIRkgPMeBjenAfTI7 Exmkra qaM1979.
enAeBlenaH emdwknaMExrRkhm)anePosxneTAPaKxaglicRbeTs ehIy)anerobcMbegItkgkmaMg
rbs;xneLIgvijenAkgTwkdIf edaymanCMnYyBIRbeTscinnigf. mhasni)atGgkarshRbCaCati
)ane)aHeqatpl;GasnenAGgkarshRbCaCati [eTARkmGktsURbqaMgnwgkumynIs EdlmanExrRkhm
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faCatMNagRsbc,ab;EtmYyKt;rbs;km<Ca.
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valBiXatenAkm<Ca mCmNlksarkm<CaEdleRbIR)as;]bkrN_kMNt;TItaMgPUmisaskgkarEsVgrknigKUEpnTIreNAsaksBrYm
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rkeXIjvalBiXatcMnnY 388kEng EdlrYmman19733reNA reNAmYycMnnY mansaksB4nak;be RcInCagenH ehIymYycMnnY epSg
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bUCnIydanEdlsagsg;eLIgeRkayrbbkm<CaRbCaFibetycMnYn81.
emdwknaMExrRkhmCiHkgrfePIg rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
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)anmkCYbCuKM a enAextkBM t ehIy)anbegtI rNsirSkPaB\sSr Exr\sSr EdldwknaMedayRkmkumy
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bnsa k;enAkm<C ateTAeTot. edaymankar)armBsI vu tPi aBbdivtne_ nAeBlEdlRbBnn eya)aymankarpas;br
suIv ehg can; smy kmaPi)al nigskmCnbkSRbCaCnbdivtn_ExrCagmYyBan;nak;eTot)anePosxneTA
evotNamxageCIg EdlenATIenaH GkTaMgenH)ancUlrYmCamYy sWg g:ku mij nigskmCndTeTotEdlePos
xneTAdl;TIenaHmunbnic.
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g:ukmij sak;enAnireTsxnTIRkghaNUy bkSRbCaCn bdivtn_ExrRtv)andwknaMedayKNkmaFikarmCim
eyaFaExrRkhmkMBugpwkTwkdUg rUbftksarsarmnIr]RkidkmRblyBUCsasn_TYlEsg
beNaHGasnmYy Edlman suIv ehg Caelxa nig TU samut Ca Gnuelxa. nYn Ca manzanlMdab;TbI .I
esa Pwm Edl CaelxaPUmPi aKbUBakg rykalkm<C aRbCaFibety CasmaCiklMdab;TbI nY . karRKb;RKgTUeTA
enAkg bkSsti kg dkmaPi)alevotNam paM v:an;)a EdlFab;rs;enAkg RbeTskm<C a ehIyEdl)anGHGagfa
evotNamKYrbnRKb;RKgelIclnakumynIsenAkm<CateTA
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kRmit2enATIRkg)agkkedayrs;enAvtbiN b:ul Bt CaGkTak;TgkgkarbegItKNbkSRsbc,ab;my
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c,ab;enAsklviTalyFmsat EdlenATIenaH kgkare)aHeqatCatiqaM1955RsbtamesckIseRmcn
nYn Ca )ancUlCasmaCikbkSkumynIsf. kicRBmeRBgTIRkghSWENv. KNbkSenHdwknaMeday Ek
nYn Ca vilRtLb;mkRbeTskm<CaenAqaM mas EdlCamnusSsitenAeRkamkarbgab;bBaarbs; TU
1950 ehIy)anbrsmaCikPaBrbs;xnmk samut.
CasmaCikbkSkumynIs\Ncin. nYn Ca
b:lu Bt )anCYybegtI lknki nigkmvFi nI eya)ay
)ancUlsikSavKhVwkhVWnenATIRkghaNUy kg rbs;bkS. b:ul Bt k)aneFVITMnak;TMngCamYyKNbkS
qaM1954 ehIy)anvilRtLb;mkkm<Cavij RbCaFibety EdlnwgcUlrYmRbkYtRbECgCamYyKNbkS
enAqa1M 955. nYn Ca Rtv)aneRCIserIsCa sgmrasny
i meTIbbegtI frI bs;semc RBHneratm sIhnu
GnuelxabkSBlkrkm<CaenAqaM1960.
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kgrbbkm<CaRbCaFibety nYn Ca Rtv kRbCaFi
betyEdlmannina karRbqaMgnwgBYkskPi mU i nigBYk
)aneRCIstaMgCaRbFansPatMNagRbCaCn
km<Ca. nYn Ca kmantMENgCaGnuelxaKN mUlFnniymenaHnwgQHenAkgkare)aHeqatenH ehIynwg
kmaFikarmCim nigKNkmaFikarGciny_bkS pl;\TiBlneya)ayxHmk[RkmkumynIskm<Ca.
eTaHCay:agenHkI b:ul Bt )aneFVIkarBakrN_
pgEdr. nYn Ca edIrtYnaTIsMxan;kgbBaasnisux
ehIykgnamCakmaPi)alCan;x<s;lMdab;TIBIr xusTaMgRsug. KNbkSsgmrasniym)anQHekAGI
nYn CaTTYlxusRtvkg karGnuvteKalneya)ay TaMgGs;enAkg rdsPaCati cMENkbkSRbCaCnTTYlsMeLg
eXareXACaeRcIn Edl)anGnumt[Gnuvteday eqatEtbIPaKryb:eu NaH. PamenaHsuvI ehg eCOCak;fa
buBeV hturbs;Rkmkumy
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KNkmaFikarGciny_bkS.
nYn Ca )annireTsxneTARBMEdnExr-f eRBaHfaRbCaCnesIrEtTaMgGs;)anKaMRTkmvFi nI eya)ay
enAqaM1979. nYn Ca CamYy exov sMpn )an rbs; semcRBHneratm sIhnu CagKMnti eFVbI divtn._ Cag
cuHcUlCamYyraCrdaPi)alkm<Cabnab;BImrN enHeTAeTot clnaExr\sSrmYycMnnY )ane)aHbg;ecalkar
PaBrbs; b:ul Bt enAqaM1998.
tsUrbs;xn ehIycuHcUlCamYYyraCrdaPi)alrbs;semc
RBHneratm sIhnu. enAqa1M 956 suvI ehg )aneFVkI arTak;TgCasmat;CamYy]tmesnIy_ ln; nl; EdlCa
GKbBaakarkgTBrbs; semcRBHneratm sIhnu ehIyEdl)anplC; nU suvI ehg nUvkarFanasnsi xu suvtPi aB
pal;xn . enAqa1M 959 suvI ehg )ancuHcUlCamYyraCrdaPi)alsgmrasny
i mrbs; semcRBHneratm
sIhnu EdleFVI[GaCJaFrrdaPi)almanlTPaBcglnigcab;xnkmaPi)albkSlYclak;xusc,ab;CaeRcInrUb.
eyagtamsmIrbs; b:ul Bt BIqaM1955dl;qaM1959 smaCikbkSRbCaCnbdivtn_ExrRbEhlekAsib
PaKryRtv)ancab;xn nigsmab;. rhUtmkdl;edImqaM1960 manEtkmaPi)albkSRbEhl800nak;
nigsaxabkSBIrenACnbTb:ueNaH EdlenAmanskmPaBnigdMeNIrkareBjelj. saxaTaMgBIrenaHrYmman
PUmiPaKbUBamanmUldanenAextkMBg;cam dwknaMeday esa Pwmnig
PUmiPaKnirtImanmUldanenAexttaEkv dwknaMeday Qit eCOn ehA tam:uk.
TU samut/ b:lu Bt/ nig nYn Ca )anbndkw naMskmPaBbkSenATIRkgPMeBj edaymanCMnYyBI eGog
sarI nig sun esn CabBavnBIrnak;epSgeTotEdl)aneTAsikSaenARbeTs)araMg.
3> bkSBlkrkm<Ca
10
mhasni)atbkSkumynIskm<Ca rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
tMbn;rMedaHrbs;ExrRkhmkgEx]sPaqaM1972. tMbn;EdlmanpBNpaQUkcas;bgajBItMbn;Edlkan;kab;edayExrRkhm
ehIytMbn;EdlmanpBNpa QUkRsalbgajBItbM n;RKb;RKgedayrdaPi)alnrbbsaFarNrdExr mCmNlksarkm<C a
11
tMbn;rMedaHrbs;ExrRkhmkgEx]sPaqaM1973. tMbn;EdlmanpBNpaQUkcas;bgajBItMbn;Edlkan;kab;edayExrRkhm
ehIytMbn; EdlmanpBNpaQUkRsalbgajBItMbn;RKb;RKgedayrdaPi)alnrbbsaFarNrdExr mCmNlksarkm<Ca
dUecH nYn Ca mineFVkI arRbkYtRbECgCamYy b:lu Bt sRmab;tEM NgenHeT. nYn Ca )anbnsti enACaGnuelxa
bkSnigCaCn dman\TiBlmak;enAkgclnakumynIsGs;ryeBlCagsamsibqaM.
bnab;BTI TYltMENgCaelxabkSPam b:lu Bt )aneTARCkekanenAmUldanTBrbs;evotNamenAPaK
|sanRbeTsehAfa{mnrI 100}. enAqa1M 965 b:lu Bt )aneFVdI eM NIrtampv lMhCU mI ji eTATIRkghaNUy
edIm,IeFVIkarBiPakSaCamYyevotNamxageCIg. b:ul Bt )aneTAeFVTI sSnkice nARbeTscinnigkUer:xageCIg.
b:lu Bt Rtv)anTTYlsVaKmn_enARbeTscin RbkbedayPaBrak;Tak;CagenAevotNam ehIy b:lu Bt mankarmin
12
13
karsEmgsil,kgtMbn;rMedaHrbs;ExrRkhmkgextRkecH rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
sIhnu. mUldanFMrbs;bkSBIqaM1966eTAqaM1970sitenAextrtnKIrI.
enAExmIna qa1M 970 ]tmesnIy_ ln; nl; nigshkarIrbs;Kat;EdlniymshrdGaemrik)aneFVrI d
RbharTmak;semcRBHneratm sIhnu ecjBIRBHRbmuxrdedayeCaKCy. minyUrb:nu a nbnab;BeI naH kgkmagM
evotmijnigExrRkhm)ankan;kab;tbM n;CaeRcInenAkg RbeTs. RbCaCnrab;mnWu nak;)anbdiesFminKaMRTrdaPi)al
saFarNrdExrrbs;elakesnaRbmux ln; nl; ehIyEbrCacUlrYmCamYyExrRkhmedIm,InaMyksemcRBH
neratm sIhnu mkRKb;RKgGMNacvij. kgeBlenaHEdr semcRBHneratm sIhnu )annireTsRBHkay
eTARbeTscin. edaymankarelIkTwkcitn gi karCYyeRCamERCgBIsN
M ak;rdaPi)alcin rdaPi)alevotNamxag
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RkmExrRkhm ehIysemcRBHneratm sIhnu )anGMBavnav[RbCaCncUlRBm:aKIRBEdlGktseU FVbI divtn_
lak;xn CYypl rMlrM daPi)alsaFarNrdExrrbs;elakesna Rbmux ln; nl;. CagenHeTAeTot karTmak;
RKab;Ebkdsnkw snab;rbs;rbbsaFarNrdExr eRkamkarCYyeRCamERCgrbs;shrdGaemrikeTAelIpv ptp; g ;
smarnigmUldannanarbs;RkmkumynIs )aneFVI[mankarKaMRTExrRkhmBIsMNak;RbCaCnkan;EteRcIneLIg
ehIykmaMgTBrbs;ExrRkhmmancMnYnkan;EtekIneLIgCalMdab;.
kgkmaMgkumynIsevotNam )ancUlkan;EteRCAeTAkgRbeTskm<CaenAqaM1970 ehIy)aneFVIkar
CamYyExrRkhmedIm,IerIsnighVwkhVWnTBsRmab;kgkmaMgtsU Edl)anekIneLIgBIcMnYnRbEhl3Ban;nak;
enAqaM1970 eTAcMnYn4muWnnak;kgqaM1973. enAelIsmrPUmi edaymanCMnYyBIevotNam ExrRkhm)an
TTYlCyCmHelIkgTBrbs;elakesnaRbmux ln; nl; Cabnbnab;. cugqa1M 972 kgTBevotNam)andk
ecjBIkm<C a ehIy)anRbKl;bnk sMxan;nsgamenHmk[bkSkumy
nIsk m<C aRKb;RKgvij. eTaHCay:ag
enHkI TIRbwkSaevotNamBIrbbIBan;nak;)anbnsak;enAeFVICaTIRbwkSaEpkbeckeTs.
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sBVavuF )anTmak;RKab;EbkRbmaNknHlanetanelIkm<C aehIyeFV[I RbCaCnExrRbEhlbIEsnnak;sa b;)at;bg;
CIvti . karTmak;RKab;EbkenH)anBnWtdMeNIreq<aHeTArkCyCmHrbs;ExrRkhm ehIykg eBlCamYyKaenaH
mnusSCaeRcInEdlxwgsm,anwgkarTmak;RKab;Ebk ehIyEdlman)at;bg;smaCikRKsarxn enaH)ancUlrYmCamYy
bdivtn_ExrRkhm.
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ExrRkhmGacRTaMRTnwgkarxVHxatmbGaharnigfaMsgv)an. CagenHeTAeTot {ExrhaNUy}9mYycMnYn)an
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GkTaMgenaHRtv)aneFVIXatCasmat; eRkambBaarbs;fak;dwknaMbkSkumynIskm<CaEdlcg;[bkSecjputBI
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\TiBlrbs;evotNam.
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ehIykgTBrbs;elakesnaRbmux ln; nl; esrI EtKanlTPaBeFVkI arRbyuTb neTAeToteT. eTaHCay:agenHkI
edaysarmanCMnYyBIshrdGaemrik kgTBelakesnaRbmux ln; nl; manlTPaBbnkarRbyuTCamYyExr
RkhmGs;ryeBlCagBIrqaMbnmkeTot.
15
kmaPi)alCan;x<s;ExrRkhmnigKNRbtiPUbreTsenAkgRBHbrmraCvaMg rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
CMBUkTI3
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16
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LWr:Uy:al; Edlkak)aTRkhmGnrCati)anRbkasfaCatMbn;GBaRkwt. b:uEnenAeBlEdlExrRkhmcUl
Binti e)assMGatsNaKarenH CnbreTs GkkaEst nigCnCatiExrRbEhlmYy
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CnbTedIm,IeFVkI argarksikm. CnbreTsRbmaN610nak;)anbnsa k;enAkg sanTUt Gs;ryeBlBIrs)ah_
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CemsGkTaMgbIeTAkan;shrdGaemrik
b:Eu nGk TaMgenH)anbdiesFminRBmcak
ecj. RBHGg mas; susI vu ti sirmi t
)ansresrsMbRu tmYyc,ab;epJeI TAsan
TUtshrdGaemrik EdlmanesckfI a kmaPi)alExrRkhmnigTIRbwkSacinQrenABImxu sNaKarLWPM bcb ,nsNaKarLWryU: a: l;
rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
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naMeTAkan;esrIPaB. b:uEnKYr[Gnica minGaccakecjkgsPaBdkMsakEbbenH)an
eT. cMeBaHelak ehIyCaBiesscMeBaHRbeTsdGsarrbs;Gk minEdleCOmYyvinaTI
NaeLIyfa elakdac;cti e )aHbg;ecalmnusSEdl)aneRCIserIsykesrIPaB. elak
)anbdiesFminpl;karkarBardl;eyIg ehIyeyIgminGaceFVIGVI)anTaMgGs;>>> )an
RbRBwtk hM su EtmYyKt;KkW areCOCak;eTAelIshrdGaemrik. sUmTTYlnUvkarrab;GanGMBI
k]tm mitCaTIRslaj;rbs; mitdesaHRtg;nigrYsrayrak;Tak;rbs;.
17
emdwknaMkm<CaRbCaFibetyCYbCamYyKNRbtiPUbreTs rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
2> karCemsRbCaCnecjBITIRkgnigTIRbCuMCn
RbCaCnenAtamTIRkgnigTIRbCuMCnPaKeRcIneCOCak;fa xnnwgrs;enARbkbedaysuxsniPaBeRkamkar
RKb;RKgrbs;emdwknaMfIrbs;xn ehIyfaRbCaCnRKb;rUbnwgBYtdKaeFVIkaredIm,IbRgbRgmCati. pyeTAvij
BIrbbeI m:agbnab;BkI an;kab;TRI kgPeM Bj kgTBExrRkhm)ancab;epmI )aj;rHeTAelIGakasCasBaabg[M RbCaCn
cakecjBITIRkg.
ExrRkhm)anbgGM k rs;enATIRkgPeM BjRbEhlBIrlannak; Edlkg enaHrYmbBal TaMgGkePosxn kg
GMLgeBlsgamCagmYylannak;pg[eTACnbT. kgryeBlmYys)ah_ RbCaCnkgTIRkgPMeBjnig
TIRbCuCM nepSgeTot EdlFab;RKb;RKgedayrbbsaFarNrdExrRtv)anbeNjecjeTAeFIkV argarksikmenA
tMbn;CnbT.
suwm sut ehA kuy EdlCaGkFak;suIkenATIRkgPMeBj)anrMlwkeLIgvijnUvehtukarN_EdlKat;)an
eXIjkgGMLgeBlCems
18
19
minmankarelIkElgNa
mYyeTenAkg karCemsenH. Gk
CMgRW tv)anbeNjecjBImnrI eBT.
GkePosxn rab;Ban;nak; CaBiess
kUnekg cas;Cra nigGkCMgW)an
sab;enAtampv. sImanpeBaH
CaeRcIn)ansab;enAeBlsRmalkUn
edaysarK a nf a M n i g esvasu x a
Pi)al. kUnekg)anvegVg)at;BI
BukmayehIy RbCaCnPaKeRcIn
mindwgfaetImanGVIkMBugEtekIteLIg
enaHeT.
sU rI RbCaCnrs;enAext
taEkvk)anrMlkw BIRBwtki arN_Cems
RbCaCnecjBITIRkgPMeBjEdr.
bIrbs; sU rI KWCaTahanrbs;rbb
saFarNrdExrEdlRtvrbYsRtg;
ePA kg eBlRbyuTC amYykgTBExr
Rkhm ehIyRtvbBan mkBa)al
enAmnrI eBTPeM Bj.sU rI )anerob
rab;fa
20
kmaPi)alExrRkhmenAvalERs rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
21
CMBUkTI4
karbegItrdaPi)alkm<CaRbCaFibety
1> Ggkar11
22
fak;dwknaMbkSkumynIskm<CaBIqaM1976-1978
b:ul Bt
elxabkS
nYn Ca
GnuelxabkS
esa Pwm*
eGog sarI
sun esn*
tam:uk*
vn ev:t*
Ek Bk*
* vn
ev:t nig jwm rs; Rtv)ansmab;enAqa1M 978. esa Pwm eFVGI tXatenAqaM exov sMpn
1978. sun esn Rtv)ansmab;kg qa1M 997. Ek Bk sab;edaysarCMgeW nA
qaM2002. tam:uksab;edayCMgWenAqaM2006.
jwm rs;*
2> karyagnivtn_mkkm<Carbs; semcRBHneratm sIhnu
23
kicRbCuMCamYyKNRbtiPUbreTs rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
24
Tg;Catikm<CaRbCaFibety
25
26
27
6> karpas;brfkMeNItbkS
kmaPi)alCan;x<s;ExrRkhmeFVITsSnkicenACnbT rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
CMBUkTI5
PUmisasrd)alkm<CaRbCaFibety
enAqaM1976 bkSkumynIskm<Ca)anEbgEckkm<CaRbCaFibetyeTACa6PUmiPaK EdlrYmman
32tMbn;. PUmPi aKnImy
Y KWykextBrI beRcInmkbBal Ka bkat;ecjBIextenHxHbextenaHxHmkbBal Ka.
PUmPi aKnigtMbn;TaMgGs;sTu E tRtv)andak;kN
M t;smal;Caelx. PUmPi aKnImy
Y EckecjCaeRcIntMbn; ehIy
tMbn;nImYyEckecjCaRsuk XuM nigshkrN_.
PUmPi aKbUBa PUmPi aK203 dwknaMeday esa Pwm EdleFVGI tXatenAEx]sPa qa1M 978. PUmPi aK
enHrYmmanextRBEvgnigextsaV yerogTaMgmUl EpkxHnextkBM g;camEdlsti enAeRtIyxagekItTenemKgTaMgGs;
nigkat;ecjBIRsukmYykgextRkecHKWRsukqg nigkat;ykRsukxHBIextkNalEdlrYmmanRsukxSac;kNal
28
29
emdwknaMCan;x<s;ExrRkhmeFVITsSkicenACnbT rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
PUmPi aKBayB PUmPi aK560 dwknaMeday jwm rs;. PUmPi aKenHrYmmanexteBaFisat; nigext)at;dbM g
TaMgmUl EdlEckecjCaR)aMBIrtMbn;rYmmantMbn;1 tMbn;2 tMbn;3 tMbn;4 tMbn;5 tMbn;6 nigtMbn;7.
PUmPi aKbsmi PUmPi aK401 dwknaMeday CU eCt. PUmPi aKenHrYmman extekaHkugnig extkBM g;qa gM TaMgmUl
nigEpkxHnextkBM g;sW< ehIyEckecjCaR)aMtbM n;KW tMbn;31 tMbn;32 tMbn;37 tMbn;15 nigtMbn;11.
PUmPi aK|san PUmPi aK108 dwknaMeday N sar:an; ehA y:a smab;enAqa1M 976. PUmPi aKenH
rYmman extrtnKIrTI aMgmUl extmNlKIrTI aMgmUl EpkxHnextRkecH nigEpkxHnextsgw ERtg Edlsti enA
eRtIyxaglicTenemKg. PUmiPaKenHEckecjCaR)aMmYytMbn; KW tMbn;101 tMbn;102 tMbn;104 tMbn;
105 tMbn;107 nigtMbn;505.
PUmiPaKnigtMbn;kgrbbkm<CaRbCaFibetyqaM1976
e)aHBum<pSayedayRksYgsikSaFikarkm<CaRbCaFibetyqaM1976 mCmNlksarkm<Ca
30
31
kmaPi)alExrRkhmeFVIkarRbmUlplRsUv rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
CMBUkTI6
KeRmagEpnkarbYnqaM 1977-1980
ExrRkhm)aneFVIkare)assMGatTIRkgnigTIRbCuMCnnana edIm,IlubbM)at;ecalkarrs;enAtamTIRkg
nigksagkm<C amYyfeI dayBwgEpkelIkarBRgIkplitkmRsUv. edImqa1M 976 bkSkumy
nIsk m<C a)anRbjab;
Rbjal;eroberogEpnkarbYnqaeM lIkTImy
Y 1977-1980 EdltRmv[eFVkI arRbmUlpnM vU ral;sm,ti kCn
TaMgGs; nigdak;kardaMdHu RsUvCaGaTiPaBcm,grbs;Cati. bnab;BbI Baasnsi xu Cati smUhPavUbnIykmKCW aeKal
neya)aydsMxan;bMputrbs;km<CaRbCaFibety.
RbCaCnkm<C aminEdlCYbRbTHkarRbmUlpEM bbenHeTtaMgBImnu mk. b:Eu nkg qa1M 976 RbCaCnRKb;rbU
Rtv)antRmv[RbmUlRTBsm,ti kCnTaMgGs;rbs;xn rYmTaMgsmarpH)aypgedIm,IeRbIR)as;rmY . CaEpk
mYyndMeNIrkarenHEdr RKsarExrTaMgGs;Rtv)anbMEbkecjBIKa ehIyRbCaCnRKb;rbU Rtv)ancat;taMg[eTA
eFVkI artamRkmerogxn . bRI bBnRtv)anbMEbk[rs;enAepSgBIKa ehIykUnRtv)anbMEbkecjBIBukmay.
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32
33
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TUTaMgRbeTsEbbenHeTtaMgBIburaNkalmk. CagenHeTAeTot RbeTsCatiRtv)anbMpicbMpajedaysgam
ehIymankarxVHxat]bkrN_ stVBahn nigkmaMgBlkmmaMmYny:ageRcIn.
EpnkarbYnqamM anrYmbBal TaMgKeRmagdaMbEnbgar ehIysgwmfanwgGacTajykR)ak;cN
M lU BIGnupl
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kraCeBjbribrU N_TaMgvisy
esdkci kdcU Cavisy
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nfy [eTAksikmsmyTMenIbmYy.
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dl;plvi)aknkarGnuvtEpnkarenH nigTuke vTna
rbs; RbCaCnbNalmkBIkareFVkI arhYskmagM
lkxNrs;enAminl karTTYlTanGaharminRKb;
RKan; karxVHxatesrIPaBnigsiTCi amUldanehIy
nigCMgWEdlKankarBa)al. kgrykaln
km<C aRbCaFibety lkxNrs;enArbs;RbCaCn
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bMpajsuPmglnigesckIffrCamnusS rbs;
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FmtaKWbeI tankg mYyhikta cMENkdIERselxmYy ksikrRtveFV[I )anBIR)aMmy
Y eTAR)aMBrI etankg mYyhikta.
CagenHeTAeTot TinplRsUvnwgRtvbegInCaerogral;qaM.
enAkg RTwsEI dl)anEcgkg EpnkarbYnqaeM nH Tinp lRsUvRtv)anEbgEckCabYncMENk. mYycMENk
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mYyf. mYycMENkeTotsRmab;eFVBI CU ehIymYycMENkeTotsRmab;Tku bRmg. cMENkcugeRkayehIykCa
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sRmab;cBi amw RbCaCnnigsRmab;RKab;BCU . py
eTAvij RsUvPaKeRcInRtv)anykeTAptp; g k; gTBnigkmkreragcRk
nignaMecjeTARbeTscin nigRbeTssgmniymdTeTot.
kgrbbkm<CaRbCaFibety esIrEtKanGkNamak;
Fab;TTYl)anrbbGaharRKb;RKan;eT. RbCaCnPaKeRcInhUb
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nigkgTBExrRkhmb:ueNaHEdlman)ayhUbRKb;RKan;. Gk
EdlenArs;ranmanCIvti TaMgGs;BrI bbenH yl;Rsbfa GVEI dl
Kat;cgcaMbpM tu eRkABIkarbg[M eFVkI arhYskmagM nigkarkab;smab;
enaH KWkarxVHxatGahary:agxaMg.
Gu saer:t Gayu57qaM RbCaBlrdrs;enAraCFanI
PMeBj)anerobrab;BICIvitQWcab;rbs;RKsarKat; edaysar
karhUbminRKb;RKan;fa
karsEmgsil,rbs;kgyuvCnyuvnarI
rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
34
skmPaBCBandIenAkgKeRmagelIkTMnb;CIkRbLay rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
35
CMBUkTI7
CIvitrs;enARbcaMfkgrbbkm<CaRbCaFibety
1> karbegItshkrN_
36
emdwknaMbkSkumy
nIsk m<C a)anbegtI shkrN_TaMgenHeLIg EdlCaEpkmYyndMeNIrrbs;xn eq<aHeTA
rkkarlubbM)at;ecalkmsTi i kCnnigrbbmUlFnniym nigedIm,IBRgwgvNkmkrnigksikr. cMeBaHExrRkhm
shkrN_mannyfaRbCaCnrs;enACamYyKa eFVIkarCamYyKa hUbCamYyKa nigEckrMElkkarkmSanCa
smUhPaB. eKalkarN_enHeFV[I mankardak;khM ti y:agtwgrwgu eTAelIkarrs;enACabuKl . RKsarExrFab;rs;enA
hUbcukCYbCuMKarab;Ban;qaMmkehIy dUecHkarbgMRbCaCn[hUbrYmKaenAkgshkrN_ CaBiessenAeBlEdl
mankarxVHxatGahary:agxagM EbbenH KWCaTegVmI y
Y eXareXAxagM Nas;. CagenHeTAeTot RbCaCnRtvRbKl;
RTBsm,tri bs;xn EdlCameFa)ayplitkmsxM an;dak;Casm,tri mY rbs;shkrN_TaMgGs; EdlmandUcCa
]bkrN_eRbIR)as; eKaRkbI ngl rnas; RKab;BUC nigdIERsCaedIm.
shkrN_Rtv)anerobcMeLIgedIm,IeFVy
I a: gNaGac[xn ]btmx n edayxn g)an. emdwknaMExrRkhm
)anBNnashkrN_faCa {kmaMgFMeFgxaMgka} kgkarksagRbeTsnigCa {kMEpgEfby:agrwgmaMbMput}
sRmab;karBarkm<CaRbCaFibetyTb;Tl;nwgsRtv.
2> vNsgmfIBIr
37
eTaHCaExrRkhm)anGHGagfa xnkMBugEtksagRbeTsmYyRbkbedaysmPaBniglubbM)at;ecal
vNsgmy:agNakeday b:Eu nFatuBti ExrRkhm)an
begIteLIgnUvvNfIBIrenAkgRbeTsKW {RbCaCn
mUldan} nig{RbCaCnfI} .
RbCaCnmUldan bRbCaCncas;KWGkTaMg
LayNaEdlrs;enAtamtMbn;CnbT RKb;RKgeday
bkSkumy
nIsk m<C amunf17 Exemsa qa1M 975.
ExrRkhm)anEbgEckGkTaMgenHCaRbCaCneBjsiTi
bRbCaCneRtm. RbCaCneBjsiTiKWGkTaMgLay
NaEdlminmanbgbnFab;eFVIkarkg rbbsaFarNrd
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fak;eRkamksikrnigkmkr. RbCaCnRbePTenHRtv
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eTaHbICakare)aHeqatmanEtmgKt;enAfTI20 Ex
mIna qa1M 976 kg rykalkm<C aRbCaFibetyk
eday. kare)aHeqatenHminGnuelamtambTdan
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GackayCaRbFanshkrN_nigRbFankgepSg.
rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
Rkmsil,ExrRkhmenAR)asaTbnayRsI rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
38
39
karsEmgsil,rbs;ExrRkhm rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
40
BiFIerobkarrbs;ExrRkhm rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
BiFIerobkarrbs;ExrRkhm rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
41
42
43
kUnkmaPi)alCan;x<s;ExrRkhm rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca
44
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enRtRBH ext)at;dMbg. nigkumarepSgeTotRtv)ancat;taMg[eTACIkdI elIkTMnb;
XValeKa nigedIrkab;edImTnanExRt. eyIgRtvEteFV[I ehIytamkarkMNt;. RbsinebI
minehIy eyIgnwgRtvkat;rbbGaharnigTTYlTaruNkm. Bukrbs;sab;edayCMgW
RKncaj; cMENkbgRsIsab;edaysarCMgWehImeBaH. RKamYybnab;BIeFVIkarehIy
eyIg)anmkCYbCuKM a ehIyR)ab;Ka eTAvijeTAmkGMBRI bvtRi Ksarrbs;eyIg. bnci eRkay
mkbgRbsmak;)anedIrcUlmkehIyR)ab;famayrbs;RtvGgkarykeTAsmab;ecal
)at;eTAehIy. eRkayBITTYl)andMNwgenHPam TwkEPkhUrFak;mkedaymindwgxn.
manGarmNf_ a Gs;ehIy Kanesssl;GeIV ToteT sUm,IEtrUbxn gkBdMu gw faGacman
CIvti rs;)anyUrb:N
u a Edr. smaCikcugeRkayEtmak;Kt;rbs;RKsar KWbgRbusrbs;
Edl)at;xnedayKandMNwgGVIbnicbncesaH rhUtmkTl;sBVfenH.
45
kumarTaMgLayRtv)anbgat;beRgonfa
{GgkarCaBukmayrbs;kumarakumarInigyuvCn
yuvnarI. ebIEm:vaykUn mannyfaemIlgay
Ggkar dUecHGgkarminRbNIeLIy}. kmaPi)al
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xn ehIyCYnkalkumarTaMgenHhanTaMgsmab;Buk
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bBaaBIGgkar. mYyrykalkngputeTA kumar
TaMgLayeCOEteTAelIGEIV dlGgkar)anR)ab; nig
eKarBtamEtbBaarbs;Ggkarb:ueNaH.
kgGMLgeBlsgamCamYyevotNam
kg qa1M 977-1978 kgTBExrRkhmCaeRcIn
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kumar[eTAsmrPUmmi xu EdlenATIenaHkumarrab;Ban;
nak;)anRtvrbYsnigsab;)at;bg;CIvit.
kmaPi)alExrRkhm rUbftksarmCmNlksarkm<Ca