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Go To West and Indochina in Year 2000
Go To West and Indochina in Year 2000
Go To West and Indochina in Year 2000
dMeNIreqaHeTATisxaglic
nig
Ncink~gq~S 2000
[ saklg ]
karpayrbs'G~kniBn
rkasiT
Bs 2514
Ks 1970
Garmkfa
v^PaKTand*v^essv^salEdlCnCatiExrm~ak'@
eTsrbs'xn
Gacpl'cMeJHmatub-
edImI[Catirbs'xnenAKg'vgCv^tk~gbNaPUmiPaKmYyEdlb
kbedayeKaHf~ak'enaH
sasCatixnenHg .
KWkarsal'tmvbFm
GarFm
nigCaBiessbvti
bvtisaskt'taTukKb'kMhus EdldUntaeyIgVnbBwtrYcmkehIy
TSgenHeTaHCapl'dl'bCaCatieyIgnUvekri_eQaHrnWsuHsaykI k*PaBGamas
muxBn'bmaNkI EdlmanEcgenAelIKb'TMB&rnBgavtarCati k*GMeBITSgLay
enaHgCaekri_mrtktkat'tmVnEdleyIgTTYlGMBIdUntaeyIgmk .
BitEmnehIyEdlfak~gbvtisasnbeTseyIg eyIgVnqgkat'nUv
ekayBIVnsal'PaBrugerOgGs'ry:eBld*yUr
(BIstvtTI8
mk
minVnrlaysUn
Vt'semalBIsaklelakeLIy.
GarFmCaecInk~g
semalsUnsugBIsmCJ:mnusCati
dUcmanGarFmkaled
(Chalde),
EtminBmcuHcaj'
minBmTmak'GavuFcuHj"mvasnaGP&Brbs'xnenaH
enHCa
x
vasnad*tgtmmYyNas'eTAehIy . enAstvtTI19, bCaCatiExreyIg
Gs'elakG~kVCVrSg EdlVnmkTsnanigsikabeTseyIgCaelIkd-
EfmTSgVnerobcMrdeyIgGnuelameTAtamsm&yTMenIbv^Ta-
mYyFn'Bn'bmaNmkelIvasnaExrKb'@rUb nigCabPBnPaBeGanfyrbs'
nigesrIPaB. eyIgGs'bsKGImkrarSgk~gdMeNIreyIgeTAkan'karcab'kMeNIt
rs'eLIgv^j nbCaCatieyIgeTotehIy .
vasnarbs'bCaCatieyIgk~gGnaKtkal
KWeyIgtvEtrs'.
Ettg'
edImIkuM[esckIlMVkevTna
QWcab'exacpa
stvteTAehIyenaHecHEtbneTAeTot .
EdlFab'manGs'ry:Cag
K
karerobcMbCaCatiExr rdExreLIgv^j sbeTAtameKalkarnlTibCa
enAtamPUmiCnbTeTenaH
drabenaH
eVHbg'p~t'KMnitcas'mYyEdlmanGayurab'
KanGIBiVkCagkarpas'br
stvtrYcmkehIyenaHeT. EtenaHk*minEmnkicmYyEdleKminGacsemcVn
enaHk*eTEdr . esckIkahan bUknigkarbuinbsb'rbs'G~kneyaVyExr k~g
kbxNnyuTv^FImYy EdltmvnwgcitKMnitExr sgmExrBitVkdCakarBiVkNas' EtCakarcSVc'CabzmedImIsMercnUvbd^vtn_Exr .
X
KMnitEdlelakG~kGannwgeXIjk~gesovePAd*tUcenH
bEhlCaelOn
X
k~gKMnitenH G~kniBnKanbeyaCn_GI nwgkarJrtmKtiNaEdlpy
nwgbeyaCn_xg'xs'rbs'CatipgxnenaHeLIy .
KW BIeJHEtCakarmYyEdlTak'Tgdl'GnaKtCati dl'GnaKtBUCGmr
yl'eXIjrbs'mtisaFarNCnCaticuH .
GFibayedaymanlaytNaxH eJHeyIgminGacbMePc[sUnQwgnUvmena
seJtnarbs'eyIg cMeJHvasnaCatiVneLIy. KWCakarFmtaeT EdlebHdUg
mnusm~ak'sJb'seJn kalebIsemalnGtItkal EdlCasemaln
CamYypgEdrnUvesckIsgwm
G~kniBnesovePAd*tUcenHEtgEtEckrMElk
EdldUntaeyIgBIeBgnayrEmgVnciJwmTuk
P~MeBj Ex F~ 1970
nX
pose
dans
les
mmes
termes
pour
Andr MASSON
in Histoire du Vietnam
P.U.F, Paris, 1960
nYn-eXOn
dMeNIreqaHeTATisxaglic
nig
Ncink~gq~S 2000
ekItenAfTI 29 Exmkra q~S 1944 enAesomrab-Ggrvt, elak nYn eXOn Vn
bMeBjv^CamFmPUmienAv^Tal&ynTIrYmext
rYceTAbnkarsikaenAmhav^Tal&yKruekasl
1965
rYcCab'briJab&txagbvtisasenAq~S
1968
sBfCasasacar
bvtisas .
k~gBiPBelakmYyEdlxHesckIBit nigxHesrPaBCaGciny_pgenaH sanPaBPUmisasnbeTskmCa CabeTsmYytUcruMB&TCMuv^jedaybeTsC^txagFM @ manbNaCnecIn
elIslb'EbbenH KWBitCasanPaBmYybkbedayeKaHf~ak'Cak'Esg ehIyCakarKMramkMEhg
mYyd*sahaveTAelICv^tnbeTseyIgeTotpg . Gas&yehtuenH bJakarKg'vgCv^tnrd
Exrk~gPUmiPaKtemtaenH
rbs'xn .
tvEtCnCatiExrm~ak'@cab'GarmN_elIsGI@TSgGs'k~gqakCv^t
edayVneXIjcas'nUvmhnrayEdlXScSbl&yCv^tbCaCatiExr
elak
nYn
ekItrs'sab'enAelImatuPUmiExr
nigk~g
etICneyokNam
nkarrYmrs'edaysniPaBk~gPUmiPaKeyIgenHnBiPB
nwgkayeTACaCnCatiGalWm"gd_k~gPUmiPaKGasIuEb"k
CJ:rbs'xMVneLIy .
edayxHkarQWcab'exacpak~gsm
k~gzan:CabCaCatimYy
EdlBiVknwgbemIlemIledayBitVkdTukCamun
eTot bvtisasGacmankrNIelIkElgEdr .
ehIymYycMENk
nigehtukarN_CasarvnxH@
bcbn~kalenH .l.
EdleyIgVneXIjk~g{kasf@
k~g
emeronnbvtisasKWGI?
eyIgBuMmanbMNgykTMB&renHmkbegonGMBI Tsnv^Canbvtisas (Philo-
bvtisasenHfa
ou
vnements
historiques)
GacekIteLIgv^jBIrdg
ehIyman
ya"gNamij
eyIgk*BuMGacTajnUvemeronGImYy[VkdbCaGacykGICaKMrU
VneLIy .
KYreyIgykTahrN_mkBnl' :
sgamelakelIkTI1 TukNaCaTmak'karxustvd*Fn'eTAbeTsGalW-
International)
dl'sgamelakelIkTIBIrpHeLIg
BiPBelak
EtebItamkarBiteTA,
cMENksankarN_GnrCatiEp~kesdkicneyaVy v^Tasask*dUec~aHEdr .
ehIyeKfyeTAekayrhUteTAdl'kMeNItnBiPBelak . CakarBitNas'
vtk~gelakenH GI@k*edaymankarTak'TgK~ay"agC^ts~iT (Tout est li tout) .
y"agNamij
eyIgBuMGacpac'GtItkalf@
buraNnigbcbn~kal
nig
KWk~gn¥HehIy
EdleyIgKYrelIkykbJaedImrbs'eyIgmkedaHsay
KWbJankarKg'vg
Cv^tbCaCatieyIgk~gPUmiPaKenHnBiPBelak, bMPWdl'smCJ:eyIgral'K~a.
X
X
beTseyokNamnigeyIgk~gGtItkal
k~gbvtisasnmnusCati manclna eTsnrbevsn_ (Migration)
mYyEdlmanlkN:CaTUeTA
ehIyeKsegtmanmkehIy
k~gsm&yGtIt
enATIbGWrub
CnxageCIgdUc
n&rm"g'
(Normands)
Ehrma"nIk
ehIyrujcanCati Na edIm
xaglicbeTs
nnKr
cam
(Champa) manext kagbj (Quang Binh) kagTI (Quang Try) ev" (Hu) ehIyrhUt
mkdl' TUr"an (Tourane) sBf . BIstvtTI15 mkdl'stvtTI17 nKr cam
TSgmUl
rhUtmkdl'
Vt'eQaHBIEpnTInBiPBelak (1696) .
5
karvatTItSgenAk~gnKr cm"a minTan'TSgcb'escVc'ehIypg, niKm
Cn \ yYn | k*cab'epImrulsMrukcuHmkekameTot edImImkdl'Tl'Edn kmCa
nTenemKg nigbNa
(tamsitiEdlmannacugstvtTI
17
CaPUmiPaKkMeNItrbs'
xn bkbedayFnFanksikm dUcCaEdndIsNTenemKgEdr .
Gas&yehtuenHehIy
eKalbMNgykPUmiPaKxagtgnkmCa
tv
VyGnraKmn_pk~gnCnCatiyYn
ecHEtmanbneTAeTotsbtamclacl
6
nKr k*tvFak'eTAk~gkNab'dCnCatiyYn ehIymkdl'edImstvtTI18 kar
vatTItSgenH Vnmkdl'TenemKgCaesc. naedImstvtTI18 edaysMGag
eTAelIkickarJrrbs'xnbqSgnwgesom eTAelIGaNaextExrEb"kxaglic n
GaNaniKmniymTSg3 b"HTgicK~aenANcin
karEdleyIgykGtItkald*CUrct'enH
bMNgmYycas'las'Nas'
mkrMkk~gTIenHeqIynwgeKal
KWedImIbMPWdl'karv^vDn_nbvtisask~gPUmi
eTAelICnNam~ak'
bCaCatiNamYy
pyeTAv^j
kar
Gs'enHminEmnCaeKaledAnbvtiv^TUeT.
dUcenH
karrMkCakarcSVc'xagpv
GaNaniKmniymnigkarBgIkTwkdIniym
esom
TSgmUltvEbgEckCaBIrPaK EdlmanTl'EdnenAtg'Exbnat'x&NExteJFi
8
Ncin VntvFak'eTAk~gkNab'dyYnrYceTAehIy. EtGaNaExtf tan
X
X
NaeKaHf~ak' ?
etIeKaHf~ak'eyIgenANa ? yYnesom ? etIbeTsesomCamhaeKaH
EdlbkbeTAedayCICati
ehIynigFnFanksikmy"agFMeFg
kNaly"agenH nbeTsesomelIvalTMnabsksm
TItSgenA
mkdl'xagtgTl'Ednesom-ma"LayU
KILE m"t
mancmaybEhl
ehIybeTsenHxHkPaBxagPUmisas
(absence
de
2000
l'unit
CaPUmiPaKbnab'bnM
cMeJHCnCatiesomehIyG~k
mankarGak'Gn'citCaxSg
edayCnCatiesomTukBYkTSgenH Ca \Blrdbnab'bnM
(Citoyens de second
enAtamEdndITSgenaH CaeKaHf~ak'mYyy"agFM
cMeJHkPaBxagneyaVynbeTs .
10
bJaFM
EdlecaTsBf
KWkarekInd*qab'rh&s
(une
dmographie
exayxagpk~g
BuMGaclatsnwgVneToteT
ebImindUec~aHeT
kPaBesom
cas'CatvTTYlkarKMramkMEhg BICnCatiPaKticy"agFn'FrminElgeLIy .
karlatsnwghYsmaD nwgnSmk[esomnUvPaBTn'exayv^jeT . Gas&y
ehtuenHehIy
ebItameyabl'rbs'eyIg
xaglic KWxagekItCaVkd .
eKaHf~ak'rbs'eyIgminEmnenATis
beTseyokNamrYbrYmK~a eKaHf~ak'dl'kmCa !
ebIbeTseyokNamxageCg nigxagtgrYbrYmK~av^j beTsenHnwgeTA
ebIbsinNaCacMnYnbNaCnCaktamYybnab'bnM cMeJHmhiTiriTneya
EdlsMxan'CageKbMput
cMENkktaTSg3enH
CnCatievotNammanTSg
11
esckIkahannigBiessbMputcittsU .l. bvtisasnCnCatieyokNamenH Ca
bvtisasnsgamEdlbCaraseyokNamVneFIedaytsaksanCamYynwgbreTs
tg . karenHekItmaneLIgCaecInstvtmkehIy ehIyhak'dUcCaKansJa
NabJak'fa sgamenHnwgQb'esHehIy eTaHCaekaykarbJb'sgam
enAeyokNamsBfenHkI . vasnanbeTseyokNamCavasnanbCaCatimYyEdl
cMeJHkaryl'rbs'eyIg .
cUreyIgnwkKiteTAdl'bvtisas etICnbePTNaEdlmkvatTItSgenA
[cuHmkrkTItSgdIfenAPUmiPaKxagekam
mundMbUgmktSgenAedayesmsat'
mas'dIdkxnecjBITIenaHeTA.
G~kTSgenHmkCa
rYcehIyk*tSgbgerOgehtuTal'Et
LvenHBwtikarN_enHcab'manCafeLIgv^j
Vrmrbs'eyIg(1) .
(1)-GtbTenHsresrk~gq~S1969
fTI18mIna1970
KWmunGnraKmn_nkgT&BeyokNamxagtgk~gbeTskmCaekay
12
GaNaniKmniymBgIkTwkdI GaNaniKmniymesdkic
( Colonialisme territorial ou Colonialisme conomique ? )
karQanJnvaydeNImykTwkdI
edaykmSgT&Bk~gsm&ystvtTI
k*bu"EnGaNaniKmniymsm&yf
EdleyIgKYrVrm
KWGaNaniKmtam
eTACaesdkicmYylUtlas'elOnnGasIuPaKGeK~y_ . PaBsmNeTAeday
vtFatuedImCatiEr" nigfamBl PaBcMerInlUtlas'nv^Tasas pard*FMeFg
KuNsmtirbs'ksikm .l. EdleKsegteXIjmanenAbeTseyokNam
srGa
ehIyedayTuk[beTsenHsitk~gsanPaBdundabdUec~H
VkdCasabnaeyokNameLIgv^j
cMeJHbvtisasmnusCati
dUec~HehIy
edImIlublagxn
esdkice yokNammuxCaelb
bg'nUvkraCPaBneyIg .
KWeBlenHehIy
EdlbvtisasnwgEcgnUv
lic| nbCaraseyokNamCaBitVkd .
X
X
\dMeNIreqaHmkkan'Tisxag
13
neyaVy mhabeTseyokNam ?
La politique du Grand Vietnam?
eyIgBuMhansn~idanGITukCamun
[VkdbCa
nwgGacykCakntma
eyIgenAcSy"agCak'Esg
k~gsartIeyIgm~ak'@
enAeLIyfa
k~g
karGIEdleKsanfaBuMGacekItmaneLIgesaH
eLIgVnEdr
CYnkalk*GacekItman
ehIykarenHvaesceTAelIeTs:kal:nakalsm&ypg
esc
ehIyEdleKcat'EdndIenH
CaGayuCv^trbs'eK
eTAelICnCatidTeTot
manCnCatisav
(Latins) TSgLayEdlrs'enAk~gTIbGWr"ubEb"kxagekIt
(Slaves)
nigLatSg
nigGWr"ubEb"kxaglicCa
tvEtbKl'eTA[bCaCatiGalWm"gnUvEdndmYyFMlm
edaysl
(Lebensraum)! .
Gac[bCaCatirs'
ktaCasarvnmYyeTot KWkarcMerInlUtlas'd*
kmSgeyaFaKYr[BWxacnbeTsenHeTot
pg EdlCruj[G~kdwknSneyaVyGalWm"gsm&yNasuIs GnuvtedayKan
14
xacrEGg nUvTwsI BgkTwkdniym d*cgGBmglenH . edmIsemcnUveKal
bMNgGP&BenH
G~kneyaVyGalWm"g
cUlmkk~gmhaKsarGalWm"g
cab'epmbkasTamTartmv[v^l
nUvEdndIbreTs
naGWr"ubEb"kkNalnigxag
KNbkGalWm"gNasIu
k~gcMeNamBBYk
EtgVnGMJvnav[matubeTsGalWm"aj
GnraKmn_pvswk neyaVyTUtCaedm .
KWeTs:kal:enHgehIy
nUvbMNgd*Gakk'nTwsIrbs'xn
CYyeCamECgGgkarxnedayeFI
Edlhuc{kasl[G~kdwknSGalWm"gsMerc
.
k~gn¥H
beTsGUTIsTSgmUl
manlkN:Cak'EsgNas'ehIy.
etIeyIgGacsYrfa
EdlsBfenH sitenAekamkarKb'
15
Kan'EtsUmpl'nUv v^PaK nsankarN_neyaVynigesdkick~geCayNcin
Etb"ueNaH edImICakarBicarNateTA
(dynamisme) manKuNsmtixagpvbJa
esdkicEdlnwgmankmSgekvka
sbCamYynwgkMritxg'xs'xagkarGb'rMv^Ta
KWCakarEdlmanGaNaniKmCnCatiyYn
(les
colonies
(1)
enAbeTskmCaeyIg Kan'EtcMnYnnCnbreTsyYnenH
karVrmenaHBn'eBkNas'eTAehIy
ecInbneTAeTot
eFI[eyIgman
ehIybsinebIkarlYccUlmkkan'Et
eKBiVknwgsn~idanNas'cMeJHplv^Vk
xagpvesdkick*
dUcCaxagpvneyaVyEdlbeTseyIgtvTTYlrgeKaH . CaBiessNas'
eTAeTot CnCatiyYnTSgenHBuMgaynwgrlaycUleTAk~gsgmCatinanaTSgenaH
eLIy eKenAEfrkabBNI TMenomTmab'yYn nwgbMNgxagpvcitneyaVy
CamYynwgmatubeTsedmkMeNIt . KWk~gKMnitenHehIy EdleKtvcat'TukCn
CatiyYnfaCa eKaHf~ak'y"agFM mYyxagEp~kneyaVy .
karEdlbeTsevtNam
nwgtvlUtlas'duHdalekaysm&y
sgamenHeTA nwgGaceFI[bMNgpvcitnigpvneyaVynCnCatiyYnTSgenH
rwtEtmanlkN:mSTSxSgeLIgCaBuMxan . cMeJHbJaCnCaticink~gbeTs
(1) ekayf18 mIna1970, CnCatiyYnCag 100 000 nak' tLb'eTA eyokNamxagtgv^j .
16
eyIg
manlkN:epg
edaysarsanPaBPUmisasneyaVynbeTs
eyIgGacGHGagedayKanrEGgfa
eyIgk~gGnaKtxagmux
ehtudUec~HehIy
VnCa
mhaeKaHf~ak'dl'GayuCv^tbCaCatiExr
BIkarlUtlas'duHdalCasafeLIgv^j
nbCaCatieyok
nmenaKmv^Cabd^vtenHEtmg .
X
X
17
etIeyIgtveFIdUcemc ?
karEdleyIgelIkykeKaHf~ak'd*FMeFgenH
mkBicarNaBnl'bMPWdl'sm-
bB edayBwgEpkeTAelIkareyaKyl'K~aeTAv^jeTAmkrvagCatinigCati . kar
TSgenHnwgtvsemceLIgedayeyageTAtamemeronbvtisas EdleyIgmin
cg'[bvtisasenH vilfyekayesaHeLIy . eyIghak'dUcCaVnTTYlkar
kk'ekAecInNas'
GMBIsMNak'G~kneyaVybeTsyYnsm¥H
edayeK
EtKYrKbIeyIgyl'faenHCa
bcbn~kal
cuHdl'
(Ce serait
18
ehtudUec~H bsinebIeKaHf~ak'enHmanPaBCak'Esg ehIyEdlGackay
eTAfakarKMramkMEhgd*kacsahavcMeJHvasnaCatieyIg
eyIgtvEtykbJa
smCJ:
Kb'Kan'
cMeJHeKaHf~ak'EdlGac
m"ageTot
(le patriotisme)
nationalisme) enHeTot .
mansmCJ:Cati
b"ueNaHeT
KWminKan'EtBgknUvkar
EfmTSgBgknUvlTi
Catiniym
(le
lTiCatiniymxagpvneyaVy nigpvesdkicCaGavuFnkarKg'vgCv^t
k~gcMeNammenaseJtnaTSgLay
duHdalnkmSgrbs'Cati xagpvneyaVydUcCaxagpvesdkiceyaFaEdr .
lTienHGaclUtlas'elOneTAmuxVn
k*Gas&yeTAelIkarlUt
19
affaires de l'Etat ) ehIyGas&yeTAelIkarduHdalnyutiFmpvsgm ( la justice
esckIcMerIndl'kMritxg'xs'nGarFmCati .
GacQmmuxTb'Tl'nwgkmSgpBpaynesdkicbeTs
enHehIyEdlCaesckIVf~acugekaynbCaCatieyIg
eK
. VnesckIfa ebIesdkic
sm¥HminEmnsm&y
BIeJHenHKan'EtJkesakEt
Edlrs'enABwgEpkeTAelIxngTSgsug
BIrbu"eNaHk~gelakenHeT EdlGacsemcnUvkraCesdkic
lUtlas'Vn
KWkarGb'rMksikreyIgeTAtambeckeTs
nigv^TasasTMenIb
20
mUldand*v^essv^sal
TTg'nUvlTiCatiniymesdkicrbs'rdExreyIg
karebCacitTSgsugEtbu"eNaHeToteT
EdlesdkicksikmeyIgnwgtvcab'
eyIgnwgkayeTACabeTsFMsmrsbaymYy CamhabeTsmYyk~gPUmiPaK
GasuIEb"kxagtgminElgeLIy .
eBlenaHehIy
EdlbCaCatieyIgQb'maneBob
eGanfyCageK
KWVkdCaeyIgbKl'eTA[bCaCatieyIgv^jnUvesckIka
X
X
21
esckIbJb'
enAk~gBiPBmYyEdlkmSgesdkic
EbkayeTACakmSgelIslb'k~g
EdlsPaBrMeBItrMeBInxHesrPaBCaGciny_ eFI[eyIgBiVkbemIlnUvGna-
GacTb'Tl'nwgkarpBpaynkmSgesdkicrbs'beTs
EdlsuTswgEtCabeTsFM@
eyIgmankarBYyVrm .
mankmSgesdkicnigneyaVyKYr[
sugeTAelImUldanEdlmanlkN:Vkdniym ehIymSTSrwgbuwgeTotpg .
mUldanenaH eyIgrMkmgehIymgeTotcuH KWKanGIekABIFnFanksikm eLIy.
nckBtiniym
sMNak'nG~kC^txageyIg .
nig
GaNaniKmsm&yf
nigGMBI
22
eJHeyIgminTan'tSgxnCaecAhayelIxneyIgVnenA
nYn eXOn
P~MeBj fTI 24 kJa 1969
dMeNIreq<a
(1)
eTATisxaglic
23
dl'BBYkbHeVrEdlbkan'menaKmv^CaEbbyYnenHeTotpg . qaymk
eTot G~kniBndEdlenH VnsresreTotfa lkN:d*Fn'FrmYyeTot n
nCnCatiyYnenAelITwkdIn
Ksarrab'ryK edaysarkarTmak'Kab'EbknynehaHGaemrikSg
bg[eKcakecallMenAkMeNItrbs'xn,
Vnmks~ak'Gas¥AbeTs
EdlFab'Vntvr"UvCamYynwgGaemrikSg
nigGaCaFrnkugBnKr
kal
TSgenHnwgVkdCabegt[mannUvesckIByVrmmYyy"agFMeFg
bCarasExrenAtamBMbTl'Edn .
k~gbNa
nigeTAGnaKtrdExreyIgKWtg'Na ? dUceyIgFab'VnykbJandMeNIreqaH
mkTisxaglic nCnCatiyYnenHmkecaTrYcmkehIy clnamkTisxaglic
enH mintwmEtmanlkN:neyVy nigmenaKmv^CaeT KWEfmTSgCalTpl
24
dMbUg
CnCatiyYnTSgenHVneFIdMeNIrmkBITisxagtgCahUrEh
tamCYrP~M
tSgBIq~S1945
rhUtmkdl'bcbn~kalenH
Caktay"agFM,
lkN:Fn'FrmYyeTotnbJasKsajenH KWkarEdlbNaCnyYnenH
mankarbegncMnYnmYyy"agelOnKYr[beTsC^txag
mankarByVrmCacS
edImIGacciJwmmnuskan'EtecIneLIg@
Kan'EtsBfenH
cMnYnbCaCn
GacedaHsaybJaenHVn
ebIminy"agenHeT
CnCatiyYnTSgenHnwgtvcak
ecjBIbeTsxnmkenAelIdITSgLayEdlenATMenr ehIydIEdlenATMenrTSgenaH
25
KWEdndIExreyIgEtmg
cMENkEdndIbeTslavCadIP~M
ehIyebItambvti
enaHeyIgVrmxacEkgEtnwgmankarbegtk~gcMeNam
Fn'FrkElg mkelIGnaKtbeTskmCaeyIg .
k*ekIneLIgmindac'Edr .
k*elIsPaKrynkMeNItbCa
plv^VkenH
CYnkalmankarTak'TgK~aeTAv^j
nwgtvFak'mkelIsgmExreyIgtebIbEkk
cab'GarmN_edImI[sgmExrrkanUvPaBsatsMPaBbrisuT .
kan'EtecIn
nGaNikCnbreTsyYnelIEpndIeyIg
ehIyebIeyIgbUkbJl
26
TSgGaNikCnbreTscinmkeTotpg
nwgGacmanplv^VkmYyeTotFn'Frk
ehIyEdlnwgmanlkN:CabJapvsgmeTotpg
enAbeTs
ehIysBfenHkI
GaNikCnbreTsCatiyYn
bJaenHk*minTan'cb'sBKb'eTA
enAsukeyIgsBfenH
BuMEmnenA
beTseKrYbrYmK~av^jeT ?
eKnwgkayeTACamhaGMNacGasIumYy
EdlBiPBelakVnTayrYcmkehIy
ehIynigmankarTamTarGIepg@ xag
27
NakaredaHsay ?
karedaHsayEdlbB minEmnkarebI FmekA enaHeT eJHfaebI
ebIFmekA nwgbNal[manbtikmlkN:Ca FmekA tbmkv^j mincb'
minehIy
nigeFI[eCaHrvag
ExrnigyYn
kan'EtmanTMhMFMeLIg@
Gs'man
KWkarttta[Vnditdl'
dl'skmPaBKb'Ebby"ag
Gakk'TSgLay EdlnwgGaccab'pcepmeLIg .
Tl'EdneyIgnwgtvbreTsyYnmktSgenAkkkuj
ehIyk*bNal[manCemaH
rkerOgehtuCamYynigbgbnExreyIg
rYc
begt[
28
eVHbg'ecalTIenaH rt'mkenAqay@eTot .l. enHVkdCakardeNImTwkdI
edayv^FIesmsat' EdleyIgKYrcab'GarmN_[VnCak'cas' .
dUceyIgVneFIkarEvkEjkrYcmkehIy esckIsgwmeyIgTSgsugsit
s m"anI
P~MeBj fTI23 F~ 1969
29
}Ncin
kgqaM2000
30
KMnit TwsIEdlEcgfa bNaCn ( la population ) nigkarv^vtn_nbNaCn
kat'pac'ecjBIK~aVneLIy .
bNaCnecInhYsmaD
La surpopulation
bgbegIt[mansgamk~gBiPBelak
BmTSgVnpBpaynUvesckIekomkM nigkarexacpaGs'ry:CaecInq~S mk
elImnusCati .
ecInhYsmaDhYssmtPaBnkaredaHsaysamJnbeTsTSgBIr
31
neyaVyBgIkTwkdIniym nigsgamQanJneTAelIbCaCatiCitxag Edl
beTsTSgenHVnbgbegteLIg
y"agcas'las'
KWBitCaenAk~geKalbMNgneyaVymYy
KWvaydeNImykTwkdIbreTsmkeFICarbs'xn
edImICa
BmTSgKMramkMEhgdl'GaNaextxHnshPaBsUevotpg
ehIybNal[
k*VnGnuvtneyaVyQanJnTwkdItSgBIq~S
edImstvtr_TI20enHEtmg
TIbGWru"bVnqgkat'nUvsm&ymYyd*rMeCIbrMCYl
ehIy
Etb"ueNaH .
d*elOnhak'bIdUcCasnHBj
kMBugEtCYb
32
mannaTICaG~keFI[sMerceLIgnUvsmta ( l'quilibre ) k~gsgmmnusTSgLay
nBiPBelak .
enANcin bNaCnExrGacTb'
nwgbNaCnyYnnigesomVneT ?
v^vtn_CahUrEhmkehIy
k~gbvtisasnbeTsTSgbI
Exr
esom
yYn
esomCabCaCatimYybkbedayyuvPaB ( beTsesomcab'kMeNIteLIgna
stvtr_TI 14 ) ekayBIVnvatTItSgelIEdndIExr mYyPaKy"agFMenAEb"kxag
[cUleTAk~gkarKb'KgpvneyaVyrbs'esom
beTsExr[eTACaGaNaBaVlesomEtmg
KWeFI
( Faire du Cambodge un
yYnk~gdMeNIrrbs'xncuHmkTisxagtgtambeNayeq~rsmuTcam nigkmCa
ekam maneKalbMNgnwgvatTItSgykEdndItg'@Etmg KWminEmnKan'Etcg'
33
ykGaNackExr eFICaEdndIGaNaextyYneT EtmanbMNgbMVt'sasn_Exr
GarFmExr, eJlKWeFIbeTsExr[kayeTACaEdndIfrbs'yYnenHEtmg .
enHehIyCaehtukarN_
EdlGacBnl'eyIg[yl'nUvneyaVyyYn
manCICatismab'ciJwmbNaCnEdlrIkcMerIny"agqab'rh&s. KYr[kt'sMKal'
X
X
34
eyIgenH
EdlVnsal'nUvkMeNInbNaCnCaGtibrma
BmTSgplv^Vkn
BwtikarN_enHeTotpg. eyIgk*GacBicarNadl'plv^VkEbbenHEdlnwgGac
ekItmaneLIg enAelIPUmiPaKNcin ebIbsinCakarv^vtn_bNaCnenAelIEdndI
enHmanlkNCaFmta ( un volution normale ) KWfaebIKansgamGsnisux
BwtikarN_dTeTot mkeFI[sankaBnkarv^vtn_enHpas'breT .
k~gzan:Camnus
EdlmansmCJ:Kb'Kan'Camnus
Fmta
Edl
BicarNarkehtupl .
eyIgGacsn~idanVnfa k~g30q~SeTotEdndIeyIgmincegtcgl'enAeLIyeT.
m"ageTotEdndIeyIgCavalTMnab smreTAedayClFa manTenemKgCaedIm,
eyIgnwgGaceFIrebobGaCvkmksikm( mthodes d'exploitation agricole ) rwtEt
besIreLIg edayeFI[semcnUvkarVcTwkbJlEs ( l'irrigation )
dIdS
np
tvCag KW 2,5% 2,6% enHg sUmemIl ( Les facteurs de croissance dmographique au Cambodge thse de
doctorat de 3e cycle, Sorbonne Paris 1967.)
35
kLaTSgGs'Etb"ueNaH .
ecIneLIg@ .
eyIgnwgGacbegneTAeTot ebIbNaCneyIgekIn
edayKb'Kan'nUvbNaCnrbs'eyIgVnCaVkd
beTseyIgmincSVc'
nwgGnuvtn_ neyaVyBgIkTwkdIniymeTAelIbeTsC^txageLIy .
X
X
36
37
eKaHf~ak'rbs'eyIgenATisxagekIt
Cag 80000000 nak'rs'enAelIEpndImYyy"agcegtcgl'
enATisxagekItnigxagtgbeTskmCaeyIg CnCatiyYnVncuHsmuk
mkBITisxageCg
tameq~rsmuTGtItnKrcm"a
ehIyVneFIkarTnanluk
CaEdndImYyEdlbkbeTAedayCICatid*v^essv^sal
mkbdUcBuMVneLIyk*eday .
rkdINa
cMENkkarEdlyYnsmukcuHmkxagtgenaH bNalmkBIbuBehtufa
bNaCnekItecIneBk
yYnBuMGacmandIlKb'Kan'smab'ciJwmK~aeKVn
CagbeTseyIgcMnYnC^t2dg. KWCabeTsmYyEdlmanbeNayd*EvgcMgay
38
eTKuN . k~gkrNIekayenH dg'suIet ( densit ) eLIgeTAdl' 600 nak' k~g 1
VkdCaminGacbMeBjesckItvkarrbs'bNaCnyYn
y"agelOnesaHeLIy .
k~gcMeNambeTsGasIuTSgLay
EdlkMBugekIncMnYn
yYnmanGtankMeNInbCaCn
bsinebIkarv^vtn_rbs'bCaCnenH
manelneTAmux
eTotedayKanBwtikarN_FMduMGImkrMxaneT bNaCnbeTseyokNamnwgeLIg
rhUteTA Cag 80000000 nak' k~g 30 q~SeTot . kmCaeyIg dl'q~S
X
X
(1)-eyageTAtamesovePA :-
ebItamelak B. Fall,
b"ueNaH .
niyaytwmEt 3 PaKryEt
39
etInwgmanplviVkFn'FrGIxH
-
TI 1 mYyk*beTseyokNam nwgBgIkkmSgsahkmnigesd-
ehIymanfamBleTotpg
bUkrYmnwgpark~g
kalebIeyokNam
edayecos[putGMBIbJasgm
lkN:sKsajeLIg .
nigneyaVyEdlnwgritEtman
40
cUreyIgnwkKitdl'beTsCb"un
Edlk~gbcbn~kalenH
manpkLa
eyaFaniymQanJnvaydeNIm
Cb"untmg'neyaVyrbs'xnmkv^j rhUtdl'kayeTACamhaGMNacesdkic
TI 3 k~gBiPBelak ( 3
me
(sUevot) .
Cb"unmansPaBbhak'bEhlK~a . dUec~HbEhlCaKankmSgGIGacmkrarSg
min[beTseyokNamkayeTACamhabeTsesdkicVneLIy, ehIypar
d*sMxan'nesdkicsahkmenH KWEdndIGasuIEb"kGeK~y_Etmg .l.
ebIbsiny"agenHEmnenaH
dMNM
nwgminGaceKcputVneLIg
beTskmCaeyIgnwgtvTTYlrgeKaHCa
GMBIkmSgeyokNamenH
eJHkarv^vtn_va
paresdkicyYnEtmg. enHehIyCaTidPaBfmYyeTotnlTiGaNaniKmniym
enHk*rebobm"agEdlnwgnSbeTseyIg[eFIdMeNIreqaHeTA
rkkarVt'bg'kraCpgEdr .
Etk~gry:evlasBfenHk*edaycuH
k*KYrEteyIgBYyVrmTuk[ehIy
q~Srab'Jn'
(1)
(1) eyageTAtamesovePAelak B. Fall, <Les deux Vietnam>, Payot, 1967, Paris, TMB&r ( 361 )
41
v^j nisitbeckeTs v^skrrab'Jn'nak'tvbJneTAeronenAshPaBsUevt
beTskumynisTSgLay
ksikm
beTsenHeLIgv^j
rgcSEtCYyksagesdkic,
sahkm,
karCYyenHCakatBkicsMxan'Nas'
eJH
beTskumynisTSgLay rEmgEtgmanesckIsamKIK~ay"agC^tsi~Tk~gKMnit
GnrCatiniymbCaBlkr ( dans l'intrt de l'internationalisme proltarien ) .
m"ageTot
sgamenAeyokNamxagtg
minTan'cb'escVc'pg
y"agKKwkKeKgk~gbeTsenHeTAehIy cuH
etImUlFnbreTsnwghUrcUlmky"agNaeToteTA
cuH
k~gq~S
1969
kngeTAehIyenHsPa
ehtudUcxagelIenHehIy VnCamtiG~ksegtkarNGnrCatixHVnTay
etIeyIgnwgGacmanGIGacTb'Tl'rMgab'kmSg
maKamanEtmYyKt' smab'karedaHsay[VnKg'
KWCaGMeBIGtXatkm
KWCakMhusFMNas'cMeJHbvtisas
rbs'matuPUmiCaTIes~han
42
TI 2 - mYyk*beTseyokNam nwgGnuvtneyaVybnycMnYnekgkuM
ebITukNaCa
Fn'FrdEdl mkelIvasnankmCaeyIgeTAGnaKt .
TI 3 - EtbsinCapyeTAv^j kmSgesdkicrdeyokNamBuMVnlUtlas'[
ehtudUcemcVnCakarenHvaeTACay"agdUec~aHv^j ?
eJHbNaCnyYnkan'EtekIneLIgCalMdab'lMeday 50 60 70 80 90 lan
nwgmanG~kneyaVyyYnxH
Vietnamiens Ultra-nationalistes )
EdlCaG~kCatiniymhYsehtu
Les
bgbegt[manTwsIBgkTwkdIniym tam
ebIy"agenHEmn
enAeCIgemXnGnaKtEdndINcinnwgmanBBkexA
mkbiTVMgesckIsgwmrbs'eyIgrlt'esaHsUn
eNacGaFmkeBk.
KYr[seNaHGa
43
bsinebIneyaVyBgIkTwkdIniym edImIrs'enHtvGnuvtEmnenaH Edn
dIeyIg
bNaCneyIgnwgtveKelbbnicmg@
ehIyTIbMputnwgrlayrUbVt'
nbCaCatieyIgeTotpg . ebITukCakarv^vtn_enAbeTseyokNameTACay"ag
Nak*eday, mhnrayKb'EbbenAcSXSCv^teyIgKb'Chan . eBlevlaedIr
elOneTAmuxqayeTA@ mhnrayk*elcrUbragkan'EtFMcas'eLIg@ CalMdab' .
KWmanEtneyaVy
BgIkkmSgesdkicCati[Vnqab'rh&sb"ueNaHeT
EdlGac[eyIgmanmeFaVyTb'Tl'nwgyfaehtuKb'Ebby"agVn
Et
BitsitenAelIbvtisask~gGnaKtkalenaHv^jeT EdlGacv^nic&yVn.
X
X
44
beTsesomnwgmanbNaCn 70 lannak'
enABIxageCIg nig xaglicbeTskmCaeyIg bNaCnbeTsmYyeTotnwgGac
kayeTACaTmn'd*Fn'mYyfeTotsgt'mkelIEdndIeyIg .
kalebIeyIgVnelIkbJayYnmkBicarNa
CatieyIgrYcehIy
Bnl'bMPWdl'smCJ:
eyIgBuMGacbMePcVnesaHeLIyfa
yayImatubeTsExreyIg
eKaHf~ak'EdlnwgGac
minEmnFab'manEtmkGMBITisxagekItnigxagtg
ehIyEdlVntVk'elbCaecInstvtr_mkehIy
nUv
y"agCak'EsgcMeJHeyIgy"agNa
CnCatiesomk*CaG~kC^txagbkbeday
eKaHf~ak'EdlmansPaBsahavmincaj'K~ay"agenaHEdr .
CameFaVyEtmYy
Gac[eyIgbugebobeCIgkarN_TukCamun[ehIy
enH
bevrbvarkTICmk
nwgkayeTACaesckIepmnkarliclg'
Gs'sgwmminxaneLIy .
X
X
TIbMputnPaB
45
etIbNaCnesomGacnwgmanTiBl
GIeTAelIGnaKtnEdndIrbs'eyIg
(1)
dUcCaeyIgVneXIjenHsab' bNaCnesomekInelOnrh&sCaBn'eBk
ehIyCaBiesseTAeTot KWcab'tSgBIekaysgamelakelIkTIBIrmk .
kMeNInd*elOnenH
k~gmYyq~S@
bNalmkGMBIkarcuHfyCaecInncMnYnmnussab'
ehIypyeTAv^j cMnYnmnusekItkan'EtmansnHelneTAmux
sb'sat'
KanbJaecaTesaHeLIy
qab'nbNaCnesomenHg
KWbuBehtunbJaenH
KWbNalmkGMBIkMeNInd*
BmTSgkarv^vtn_nsanPaBneyaVyGnrCati
k~gPUmiPaKGasIuEb"GeK~y_enHmkbUkbEnmeTot .
46
GtankMeNInbNaCnesomeLIgdl'eTA
2,6% Etb"ueNaH .
ehtudUec~HehIy
tamEbbbTv^Tasas
3,00%(1)
kMrit
ExreyIgmantwmEt
ebIbsinCaKanBwtikarN_NamkrMxandl'karv^vtn_
Ncin
nwgkayeTACaEdndIEdlmanbNaCnecInhYsmaD
Une
rgion
KWsanPaBPUmisasbeTs
nEdndI EdlbNalmkBIbNaCnecInhYsmaDenHgCaVkd .
47
plviVk bNalmkGMBIkMeNIn
bNaCnk~gbeTsesom
etIrdaPiVlesomnwgedaHsayEbbNa
CnenH ?
cMeJHbJakMeNIncMnYnbNa
enaH VnbegIn[mankarByVrmmYyy"agFMeFgk~gcMeNamG~kdwknSesom.
karBgkFnFanesdkic
KWbegnplitplksikmnig
breTsVn
k*kan'EtmancMnYneGanfyCalMdab'
maneQIm"sak',
VnCakarBgIkesdkic[VnelOnqab'rh&s
kayeTACaGaTiPaBTImYy nneyaVyesom .
KWk~gKMnitenHehIy
EdlrdaPiVlesomsBfenH
sMN,
Vn
kMBugEtsabna
( l'irrigation ) nwgGagGacBgIknUvpdIdS
48
FnGaemrikSg . k~gneyaVyesdkicenH rdaPiVlVneFIkarsml[Ca
Gtibrma dl'karnScUlmknmUlFnbreTsTSgenH .
nUvrebobGaCvkmksikm
edaysarneyaVyeFI[rwtEtbesIr
mankarVcTwkbJlEs
karebICKImI
pkLadIdSdNS BmTSgfamBlGKIsnIeTotpg .
bsinebIKemagkarBgkplitplksikm
nigFnFansahkmenH
maneCaKC&yEmn bJav^btipvsgmGacnwgtvVnedaHsay[VnFUrsal
eTAelIGnaKtbeTskmCaeyIg
Edlmanpark~g
mYyeTotEdlTabCagdUec~HEdr .
eFIy"agNa @ kI k*BuMGacecosputGMBIkarsgt'sg^nkan'EtFn'FreLIgxagpv
49
grandissantes ) nbeTsTSgsgxagVnrYceLIy edayGas&yeTAelIehtufa
eKBuMGaceFIBMbTl'EdnNa[biTC^tsUnQwgVneLIy
xagK~a .
rvagbeTsC^t
cMeJHkrNIesomenHeTotesat
ebIsinCabeTsenHGac
sMercedayeCaKC&yxagkarBgkkmSgesdkicVn enaHCakarbesIrehIy .
1840 etIeyIgnwgQmmuxTb'Tl'nwgKemagkarGkuslenHtamv^FINa ?
X
X
50
esckIbJb'
TSgGs'enH, KWKan'EtCakarsn~idan karbDit EdlCalTplnVCa
nwgkaryl'Etb"ueNaH minTan'manCakarBitnbvtisasenaHeLIy . Et, etI
nrNaeLIyEdlGachanGHGagfa k~gGnaKt, karbDitenHminGackayCa
dac'xat eTACakarBitk~gbvtisasVn ? bvtisasGac[emeronpg min
[emeronpgcMeJHeyIgral'K~a . GnaKtkalKWCarUgggwtmYyEdleKtmv[
eyIgcUleTAk~g
edaytbEkkVneLIy
EtebIeyIgdwgmunfarUgenHmanPin
muxnwgyfaehtuKb'y"ag .
ehtudUcVnGFibayedayts@
BIxagelIenH
eyIgGacsnteday
KMramkMEhgmYyy"agFMtebobpwmVn
nigpvneyaVyEfmeTotpg
EdlbeTseyIgtvEtTTYlrgeKaH
BIsMNak'nGnaKtbeTsC^txageyIg .
k~glknik:EbbenH,
Cakar
maKaEdleyIgtvedIr
KWeyIgtvmankatBkicCa
edImIGac[mankmSgKb'Kan'
kmSgsgt'sg^nBIG~kC^txageyIg
Cv^teyIgmanTMhMy"agtUcbMput .
GacQmmuxTb'Tl'Vnnwg
edayeFI[karKMramkMEhgdl'karKg'vg
ebIesdkicmankmSgKb'Kan'ehIy, neyaVyk*edIrtamesdkicBIekayx~gEdr sm
51
cuH .
nYn eXOn
CYyBinitGkrav^ruTExr : cinexA
srGa, 7emsa2008