My Phn tch ph cm tay R&S FSH

Tnh nng v ng dng trong thng tin di ng

I. Gii thiu chung

R&S FSH l my phn tch ph l tng cho vic kim tra cc tn hiu v tuyn vi tc x l nhanh, chnh xc cao v hiu qu. Ngoi tnh nng phn tch ph, FSH cm tay cn c nhiu chc nng o cc thit b vin thng t vic lp t hoc bo dng cc trm BTS trong thng tin di ng n xc nh v tr li cp RF, cng nh pht trin v dich v vin thng. R&S FSH c cc model 3 GHz v 6 GHz vi b to tn hiu tracking c ci t trong my hoc khng c. Vi b to tn hiu tracking, R&S FSH c th c s dng o khong cch li (DTF) cp RF, phn tch mng v hng (scalar) v vct (vector) mng. Ngoi ra, hu ht cc model ca FSH u c b tin khuych i c th iu chnh c, cho php FSH c th o cc tn hiu rt thp. R&S FSH c th c iu khin t xa bi my tnh hoc my tnh xch tay thng qua cp giao din USB hay RS-232 (option FSH-K1) v phn mm R&S FSH View. Phn mm FSH View software version 7.0 cho php t ng nh cc kt qu cc dng graphic hoc ASCII khc nhau xc nh trc Vi nhiu c tnh ni bt, R&S FSH c s dng trn trm khng gian quc t (ISS) o khong cch li ca cc cp anten RF (1)

Hnh 1:R&S FSH v u o cng sut nh hng R&S FSH-Z44.

Hnh 2:Truyn d liu gia FSH v my tnh thng qua cp giao din USB hoc RS-232 v phn mm.

Hnh 3:R&S FSH v cu sng ng VSWR, b chia cng sut FSH-Z2.

II. Cc thng s k thut ca FSH

Cc c tnh l thut Tn s Di tn s phn gii tn s Tn s chun Tui th chnh xc theo nhit Span Tn s B m tn s phn gii chnh xc Thi gian qut Nhiu pha SSB phn gii bng thng (-3 dB) Bng thng video ln (Bin ) Di hin th Mc nhiu trung bnh c hin th Mc hin th Mc chun Di hin th n v hin th Logarithmic Tuyn tnh Maker S lng Maker Hm Maker Du vo u vo RF Tr khng u vo H s sng ng (VSWR) u ra u ra Audio Di tn Tr khng u ra iu kin R&S FSH3/6 100 kHz to 3 GHz 100 kHz to 6 GHz 1 Hz 0 C to 30 C 1ppm/year 2ppm 0, 10KHz to 3GHz 1 Hz (tn s x sai s ca tn s chun) 1ms to 100 s <85 dBc 1,3,10,30,100,200,300 kHz, 1MHz 10 Hz to 1 MHz in 1, 3 steps <+20 dBm phn gii bng <-120 dBm, typ -125 dBm (tin thng 1 kHz; Bng khuych i c bt) thng video 10 Hz; Mc chun 30dBm 80 dBm to +20 dBm in steps of 1 dB 100 dB, 50 dB, 20 dB, 10 dB, tuyn tnh dBm, dBV, dBmV; vi b chuyn i: dBmV/m v dBmA/m V, mV, V, nW, W, mW, W vi b chuyn i: V/m, mV/m and mV/m 6 peak, next peak, minimum, center = marker frequency, reference level = marker level, all markers to peak N female
50

f = 500 MHz, 20 C to 30 C

10 MHz to 3 GHz 10 MHz to 6 GHz

1.5:1 1.5:1 3.5 mm mini jack 5 MHz to 3 GHz 5 MHz to 6 GHz

50

Cc ph kin u o cng sut Di tn Di cng sut o Cng sut ti a u o cng sut nh hng Di tn Di cng sut o Cu sng ng Di tn s Tr khng Directivity 10 MHz to 1 GHz 1 GHz to 3 GHz Thng s chung Mn hnh hin th B nh Thng s v s ln o Ngun cp B ngun ngoi Pin Kch thc (W x H x D) Trng lng

10 MHz to 8 GHz -67 dBm to 23 dBm +30 dBm (1 W) 200 MHz to 4 GHz 30 mW to 120 W - (300 W peak) 10 MHz to 3 GHz
50

typ. 30 dB typ. 25 dB 14 cm LC colour display CMOS RAM 100 AC supply (100 V to 240 V, 50 Hz to 60 Hz, 400 mA) Hoc DC supply: 15 V to 20 V NiMH battery: 6 V to 9 V Operating time: 4 hour 170 mm x 120 mm x 270 mm 2,5 kg

III. Cc ng dng v options ca FSH 3.1 Mode my thu

Vi option FSH-K3, th tt c cc model FSH c th khai thc nh mt my thu cho cc ng dng thu gim st v thu tin xc nhn tng thch in t. Trong mode my thu, my phn tch o mc tn hiu mt tn s hoc knh chn cho mt thi gian o c th xc nh c (xem hnh di). Vic o cc tn s c chn cc khong cch xc nh trong cc bng knh nh m t trn.

Trong mode qut, my FSH s o ln lt mc ca cc tn s khc nhau xc nh trong bng knh v hin th kt qu dng graphic. Hnh trn bn phi ( trn) th hin cc kt qu thu o trn cc knh in thoi di ng GSM ca bng uplink. Mi vch ng th hin mt knh pht GSM, cc knh c bng thng l 200 KHz, Cc vch cao hn th hin mc tn hiu trong tng trng hp. Ngoi ra bng thng (6dB) 200Hz, 9 KHz, 120 KHz v 1 MHz theo tiu chun CISPR, R&S FSH cng c th dng cho vic o Nhiu in t trng (EMI). mode my thu, R&S FSH c kh nng o cc im nh (peak detector), o gi tr trung bnh, o gi tr trung bnh hiu dng (RMS) v quasipeak.

3.2 Ti u ho gii ng
Gii ng c th c ti u ho theo yu cu cho mt ng dng ring. Bn c th chn gia nhy cc i (nhiu thp) hoc cc sn phm nhiu giao thoa ti thiu (minimum intermodu lation) ( mo thp) cho cc php o ca bn. Trong mode mo thp th b suy gim RF phi t mc 10 dB cao hn trong mode nhiu thp. Mode mo thp rt quan trng cho cc h thng o CATV (truyn hnh cp). Mode thu, v ti u ha gii ng l mt gii php ti u cho php chng ta c th xc nh ngun gy nhiu cho h thng BTS trong thng tin di ng.

3.3 o cng sut TDMA

Lnh TMDA POWER ca R&S FSH cho php o cng sut trong min thi gian ca mt TDMA timeslot. Tt c cc thng s cn thit ca cc tn hiu chun GSM v EDGE u c ci t sn trong R&S FSH. Phng php o ny thng c s dng kim tra cc tn hiu chun GSM/EDGE trong lp t cng nh bo dng cc trm BTS.

3.2 o cng sut knh

R&S FSH thc hin o cng sut knh bng lnh CHANEL POWER c mc nh sn trong my. o cng sut knh c thc hin cho cc chun thng tin di ng s nh 3GPP WCDMA, cdmaOne, v CDMA 2000 1x. Khc vi u o cng sut thng thng, ch o cng sut knh s thc hin o cng sut ton b di tn ca knh (hay ton b bng thng ca knh). Php o ny ch thc hin o mt knh tn hiu Cng sut TDMA truyn c th. Cc tn hiu khc nm trong di ph u khng nh hng n kt qu o. Ngoi ra, R&S FSH cng c th o bng thng ca knh (tc l di bng thng m 99% cng sut c pht i). Php o ny c s dng m bo rng bng thng ca mt knh khng vt qu bng thng cho php gy nhiu n cc knh khc.

Cng sut knh

Di bng thng chim dng ca knh

3.4 o cng sut

R&S FSH v cc u o cng sut FSH-Z1 v FSH-Z18, hot ng nh mt my o cng sut vi chnh xc rt cao, di tn o tng ng l 6GHz v 18 GHz (xem hnh minh ha bn di). Gi tr hiu dng trung binh (RMS) ca cc tn hiu cn o phi nm trong di t -67dBm n 23 dBm.

R&S FSH v u o cng sut FSH-Z1/Z18

R&S FSH v u o cng sut nh hng FSHZ44/Z14

3.5 o cng sut nh hng

u o cng sut nh hng FSH-Z44/Z-14 cho php R&S FSH o cng sut nh hng di tn t 200 kHz n 4 GHz. Vi chc nng ny, R&S FSH thc hin ng thi o cng sut pht ra (forward) v phi hp tr khng (hay h s sng ng) ca h thng anten v my pht khi my pht ang hot ng (xem hnh minh ha di). u o cng sut nh hng c th o cng sut ln n 120W v hon ton tng thch vi cc tn hiu chun GSM/EDGE, WCDMA, cdmaOne, cdma2000 1x, DVB v DAB. Nh vy, R&S FSH v FSH-Z44 c th h tr lp t v bo dng h thng anten cho BTS. Tuy nhin, cc kt qu hin th ch cho chng 6

ta bit cc gi tr cng sut truyn v h s sng ng ca h thng anten. Trong trng hp mun xc nh nguyn nhn v sa cha cc li gy mt phi hp tr khng trn h thng anten cp feeder, chng ta cn thc hin cc php o s c c trnh by cc phn sau.

Antenna

R&S FSH-Z44/-Z14
My pht

Kt qu o ca u o cng sut nh hng vi chun 3GPP WCDMA

Kt qu o cc tn hiu chun

3.6 Cc php o trn cp dn RF (Khong cch li- DTF)

Vi option FSH-B1 v FSH-Z2 (cu sng ng di tn t 10 MHz n 3 GHz v b chia cng sut), R&S FSH v b to tn hiu tracking c th xc nh nhanh v chnh xc cc li cp RF. Hm MAKER-ROOM cho php vic phn tch chi tit cc li vi i phn gii ln n 1024 im. Thng thng cc php o ny cho php chng ta xc nh c cc im cp t hoc b li (n n mt phi hp tr khng).

o khong cch li trn cp RF (c 3 im vt ngng cho php)

Cc gi tr o c hin th trn mn hnh

3.7 Cc php o phn hi v truyn v hng vi cu sng ng VSWR

R&S FSH vi b tracking cho php chng ta xc nh cc c tnh truyn qua ca cc loi cp, cc b lc, b khuych i vi phng php o n gin nht. Khi option FSH-Z2 c s dng, FSH cng c th xc nh c phi hp tr khng (v d, h s sng ng, VSWR) ca anten. Khc vi u o cng sut nh hng, phng php ny s phn tch v ch ra nguyn nhn gy li i vi phi hp tr khng ca h thng anten.

3.8 Cc php o phn hi v vector truyn

Khc vi cc php o truyn v hng, option FSH-K2 cho php o truyn qua v phn hi vi chnh xc cao trong di ng. iu ny hon ton c th thc hin c bi v cc tn hiu thu c u phn tch cc thng s nh bin v pha. V d, phn tch chi tit phi hp tr khc ca mt anten, bin v pha u c hin th trn gin Smith.

3.9 Php o t s C/N

R&S FSH c th thc hin o t s gia cng sut sng mang (C) v cng sut nhiu (N). FSH o C/N theo hai bc. Bc th nht, R&S FSH da trn kt qu o cng sut knh ca knh tn hiu cn o (vi cc tn hiu s) hoc cng sut sng mang khng iu ch (vi tn hiu lin tc). Cc cng sut ny chnh l cng sut sng mang (C). Bc th hai, FSH o cng sut nhiu ca knh truyn v thc hin php chia cng sut sng mang cho cng sut nhiu.

IV. Kim tra h thng anten cho cc trm BTS trong thng tin di ng s dung R&S FSH
Trn mt trm pht BTS, h thng anten v cc m un thu pht l cc phn t rt quan trng. iu ny khng c ngha l cc cng ngh ca h thng, cc tham s, v cc u ni cp n RF khng phi l cc yu t quan trng quyt nh n cht lng v n nh trong thng tin di ng. Thng thng, i vi cc m un thu pht, vic pht hin v thay th khi c vn hon ton d dng. Cn vi anten v cc thit b i km nh cp dn RF th khng d dng pht hin li thay th. Bi v, th nht h thng anten c th b nh hng nhiu bi iu kin thi tit nh phng tnh in, ma, hoc nhng thay i v nhit trng khong thi gian ngn. Th hai, dy cp hoc anten c th b h hng v mt vt l nh b bp mo hoc dt m chng ta c 8

th khng quan st k hoc khng quan tm. Do vy, h thng anten cn phi c quan tm c bit v thng xuyn.

M V P o S w W e r R D B

e a s u r e c a b l e 2

r i d g e a n d i v i d e r F S H - Z T e s t P o r t

R c o C n

F n l e c t o r T G r a c k i n g e n e r a t o r

o n t r o c a b l e

r t C a b l e u n d e r e s t

R&S FSH v cc option nh FSH-K2, FSH-B1 l mt gii php cho vic h tr vic kim tra v bo dng h thng anten (xem hnh m t R&S FSH trn) trong thng tin di ng vi cc php o sau y: 4.1 o phi hp tr khng R&S FSH v cc option trn c th thc hin kim tra phi hp tr khng ca h thng anten hay xc inh suy hao phn hi ca ton h thng anten. Nh chng ta bit, hin nay trn cc trm BTS, b khuych TMA (Tower-Mounted Amplifier) c lp t vo h thng anten tng vng ph sng. R&S FSH c th thc hin o phi hp tr khng ca h thng anten c TMA v khng c TMA. 4.2 o khong cch li (DTF) v im khng lin tc Ngoi ra, R&S FSH cn c th kim tra khong cch li (DTF) ca cp RF v im khng lin tc ca h thng anten. Khc vi vic o khong cch li (DTF) truyn thng, s dng b o phn hi xung, R&S FSH s dng cng ngh o phn hi min tn s (FDR). Bng cc php bin i ton hc nh Fourier, Chirp-Z di tn s c chuyn sang min thi gian. Khong thi gian tm ra li v ln ca li u c tnh ton da trn ngun tn hiu. Cc php o im li khng kin tc ca h thng anten, cho php chng ta c th xc nh c cc thay i c tnh tr khng ca h thng anten, m nhng thay i trn c th dn n s phn hi li ca sng RF truyn qua h thng anten to nn s khng lin tc. Nguyn nhn c th do cc u connector hoc cc u ny khng vn cht, hay cp b tht nt hoc bi xon. Ngoi ra, cp b bp, hoc nn cng c th gy nn hin tng khng lin tc ny. Hnh minh ha i y ch ra hai im khng lin tuc trn cp RF do b bp hoc nn.

Cc im khng lin tc

50 40

50

R&S FSH v cc option c th thc hin xc nh v nh gi cng ca cc im khng lin tc trn h thng cp RF c TMA, v c trng hp khng c TMA. 4.3 o hm truyn ca cc phn t tch cc R&S FSH o hm truyn da trn b to tracking chy ng b vi tn s thu. Tn hiu pht ra t b to tracking l tn hiu hnh Sin vi mc khng i. Php o ny cho kt qu n nh. Nhng ch khi thc hin cc php o phi hp tr khng, khong cch li v cc im khng lin tc trn h thng anten: Cc php o ny c th b nh hng bi hot ng ca cc my pht khc trong vng ph cn. Chng hn, cc tn hiu nhiu c th c tm thy trong cc kt qu o suy hao phn hi. Hm TRACE MIN HOLD ca R&S FSH s gim ng k cc nh hng ca cc tn hiu gy nhiu, v d cc tn hiu chun GSM, WCDMA, CDMA 2000t cc ngun pht khc, i vi cc kt qu o. Ngoi ra, R&S FSH cn c th o li ca TMA v c h thng anten (gm TMA), kim tra TMA trc khi c lp t vo h thng Anten.

10