U Tin Moe - How To Compose The Poems

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f ;kH ? oH;k vH;k ? av;ig;vH;k ru um&efrsm;pGmudk xyfwn
l aD tmif
pyf[yf &onf/ eabxyf &onf/ um&efEdkifvQifEdkifovdk uAsmyHkpHudk zefwD;EdkifcGifh&Sdonf/
odkYaomf um&ef<u,fwdkif; uAsmaumif;jzpfEdkifonf r[kwfacs/ pdwful;aumif;rS uAsmaumif;
yDoEdkifayrnf/
uAsmpyfenf;trsKd;rsKd;
jrefrmuAsmwGif um&ef,yl u
kH v
kd u
dk
f toHomG ;toHvm ajymif;vJomG ;onf/ xdaYk Mumifh
um&efurkd w
l nf uAsmpyfenf; trsK;d rsK;d jzpfay:vmonf/ jrefrmuAsmwGif av;vHk;pyfenf;rSm
tajccHenf; jzpfonf/ toH;k trsm;qH;k enf;vnf;jzpf oufwrf;t&Snq
f ;kH enf;vnf; jzpfonf/
pyf[yf&efv,
G u
f
l toH;k rsm;aomenf;rSm ]oHayguf pyfenf;} jzpfonf/ oHaygufpyfenf;onf
tajccHtm;jzifh av;vH;k pyfenf;yif jzpfonf/ a'G;csKd;? BwdcsKd;? av;csKd; paom tcsK;d uAsmrsm;rSmvnf;
jrefrmaus;vufvx
l \
k aw;uAsmwdw
Yk iG f toH;k rsm;aom tajccHtcsK;d uAsmpyfenf;rsm;yif jzpfonf/
pmtkyfwGif tcef; 1? 2? 3 wdkYrSm jrefrmAsnf; o& tu&mrsm;ESifh towf? toH? um&efrsm;udk
tajccH&Hk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ xdaYk emuf toH;k rsm;aom jrefrmuAsmzGeYJ nf; (12) rsKd;udk azmfjyxm;
ygonf/
uAsmpyfenf;wpfrsKd;udk azmfjywdkif; xkdpyfenf;\ t"dym,f AsKywfwdkYudk a&S;OD;pGm azmfjy
rdwq
f ufNyD;rS pyfenf;rsm;t& acwfenf;t& oauFwrsm;? *Pef;trSwrf sm;jzifh pepfcsjyygonf/
yxrwGif uAsmwpfy'k jf zifh erlemay; &Si;f jyygonf/ xdaYk emufwiG f jrefrmpmayordik ;f wavQmufv;kH rS
aumif;Ed;k &m&muAsmrsm;udk a&G;cs,f oufqikd &f muAsmpyfenf;twGuf erlemrsm;xyf ay;xm;
ygonf/ aemufxyfay;xm;aom erlemjyuAsmrsm;rSmvnf; acwftqufquf pHxm;cJMh uaom
rdk;rc rD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJUu pDpOfxkwfa0onf
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
uAsmrsm;omjzpf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;taejzifh uAsmpyfenf;avhvm&if uAsmt&omudkyg

0goemPfct
H avsmuf zwfcI pH m;Edik Mf u&ef jzpfygonf/
avhvmoifMum;&ef
jrefrmuAsmzGJYenf;pmtkyfrSm tajccHynmtxufwef; ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh jrefrm
uAsmpyfenf;trsKd;rsKd;\ tajccHoabmudk od&Sdem;vnf&ef &nf&G,fa&;om; jyKpkxm;jcif; jzpfyg
onf/
xdjYk yif tajccHynmtxufwef;ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh ausmif;oH;k jrefrmuAsm vufa&G;pif
yg uAsmrsm;udk avhvm&mwGiv
f nf; pmtkyyf g uAsmpyfenf;rsm;ESihf wGzJ ufavhvm&ef taxmuf
tul jzpfEikd yf gonf/ omreftm;jzifh ausmif;om;wdo
Yk nf oHayguf? oHcsyf? av;vH;k pyfvuFm?
a'G;csKd; tp&Sad om vG,u
f o
l nfu
h Asmpyfenf;rsm;udk prf;oyfa&;zGMYJ unfo
h ifMh uonf/ uAsma&;zGrYJ I
0goemxHkNyD; uAsmPfcHaumif;aom ausmif;om;rsm;taejzifh pmtkyfyg uAsmpyfenf;
trsKd;rsKd;udo
k mru? jyifyrS uAsmtrsKd;rsKd;udyk g zwfaI vhvm enf;,la&;zGMYJ unfEh ikd yf gonf/ uAsm
pyfenf;rsm; oduRrf;xm;Hjk zifh ajymifajrmufaom uAsmaumif;rsm; a&;zGEYJ ikd pf rG ;f NyD[k rrSw,
f El ikd af omf
vnf; uAsmpyfenf;rsm;udk avhvmwwfuGr;f xm;jcif;onf uAsmaumif;rsm;a&;zGEY J ik d &f ef tajccHaumif;
w&yf&&Sx
d m;jcif;yif jzpfygonf/ xkaYd Mumifh q&mrsm;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;onf vdt
k yfcsuf tenf;trsm;
tvku
d ?f 0goemtEkt&ift
h vdu
k f pmtkyyf g uAsmpyfenf;rsm;ESihf erlemjyuAsmrsm;udk ESpo
f uf
aysmf&iT pf mG vG,v
f ,
G u
f u
l l zwfaI vhvmoGm;Muapvdyk gonf/
10
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
rmwdum
pOf
taMumif;t&m
1/
jrefrmtu&mrsm;
12
2/
toHtrsKd;rsKd;
16
3/
towftrsKd;rsKd;
18
4/
oHayguf
20
5/
oHcsyf
25
6/
av;vH;k pyfvuFm
27
7/
&wk
33
8/
a'G;csKd;
39
9/
BwdcsKd;
43
10/
av;csKd;
46
11/
oHcsKd
52
12/
wsmcsif;
56
13/
tdkifcsif;
60
14/
vGr;f csif;
63
15/
aw;xyf
66
pmrsufEmS
11
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (1)
jrefrmtu&mrsm;
o&
jrefrmbmomwGif tajccHo& (11) vHk;&Sdonf/ 4if;wkdYrSm t? tm? td? tD? tk? tl? at?
tJ? atm? atmf? tdk wdjYk zpfonf/ o&qdo
k nfrmS rnfonft
h u&mudrk Q rrDcS &kd bJ rdrb
d mom toHxu
G f
qdEk ikd af om tu&mrsm; jzpfonf/
Asn;f
Asnf;qdo
k nfrmS o&ESirhf w
DS zJG ufro
S m toHxu
G Ef ikd af om tu&mrsm;jzpfonf/
jrefrmAsnf; (33) vH;k &So
d nf/ 4if;wdrYk mS u
c
*
C
p
q
Z
ps
#
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w
x
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"
y
z
A
b
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&
v
0
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V
t
i
n
P
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r
o
wdjYk zpfonf/
o& ESifh Asnf; aygif;pyfyHk

Asn;f jzpfaom ]]uf}}udk o&jzpfaom ]]t}}ESihf aygif;vQif ]]u}} [l toHxu
G o
f nf/ xdek nf;wl
uf + t
uf + tm
uf + tm;
uf + tk
uf + tl
uf + tl;
12
=u
= um
= um;
= uk
= ul
= ul;
uf + td = ud
uf + tD = uD
uf + tD; = uD;
uf + ath = auh
uf + at = au
uf + at; = au;
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
um&ef
um&ef [lonfrmS tu&m\ tqH;k oHjzpfonf/ ]]um&E}} [laom ygVdpum;rSm qif;ouf
vmaom pum;jzpfonf/ Oyrm - ]]u}}tu&m\toHonf ]]t}} jzpfonf/ ]]um}}tu&m\toHonf
]]tm}}jzpfonf/ ]]um;}} tu&m\ toHonf ]]tm;}} jzpfonf/ ]]cJ}} [kqv
kd Qif ]]tJ}} um&ef[k
od&rnf/ ]]pl;}}[kqdkvQif ]]tl;}} um&ef[k od&rnf/ um&ef,l&mwGif tu&m\tqHk;oHcsif;
tnD,o
l nfvnf; &So
d nf/ wyd'k Ef iS hf wyd'k w
f \
Ykd tqH;k &Sd toHcsif; tnD,o
l nfvnf;&So
d nf/ ESpyf 'kd ?f
oH;k yd'k f paom 0guswd\
Yk tqH;k &Sd toHcsif; tnD,o
l nfvnf; &So
d nf/ tu&m\ tqH;k um&efukd
0Pum&ef? pmydk'f\tqHk;um&efudk y'um&ef? 0gus\tqHk;um&efudk 0gusum&ef [l
ac:Muonf/
um&ef (64) yg; &Sdonf/ atmufwGif; Z,m;jzifh azmfjyxm;ygonf/
t um&efrsKd;
tm um&efrsKd;
tm; um&efrsKd;
t
td ()
tk (O)
ath
tJh
atmh
tdYk
tuf
atmuf
tdu
k f
tifh
atmifh
tdik hf
tpf
tOfh
tnfh
twf
tdwf
tkwf
tefY
tdeYf
tkeYf
tyf
tdyf
tm
tD ()
tl (OD)
at ({)
t,f
atmf
tdk
tif
atmif
tdik f
tOf
tnf
tef
tdef
tkef
-
tm;
tD;
tl; (OD;)
at;
tJ
atm (Mo)
td;k
tif;
atmif;
tdik ;f
tOf;
tnf;
tef;
tde;f
tke;f
-
13
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tkyf
tHh
tdrhf
tHYk
28 +
tH
tdrf
tHk
18 +
trf;
tdr;f
tH;k
18 = 64
um&efwrl sm;
atmufygwdo
Yk nf um&efwrl sm; jzpfMuonf/
um;
= pm;? 0g;? ig;? vm;? xGm;? wm;? yGm;? ysm;/
cif
= rif? Muif? jrif? pif? vGif? &Sif/
aumif;
= axmif;? armif;? aomif;? ausmif;? apmif;/
ar
= az? aqG? a0? ajr? a&T? aiG/
prf;
= *srf;? pGrf;? urf;? zrf;? vrf;/
apm
= arm? awm? aom? ajym? aum/
at;
= ai;? av;? awG;? aqG;? a&;/
wd;k
= NzdK;? pdk;? rdk;? tdk;? BudK;? qdk;/
xGwf
= uRwf? vGwf? qGwf? rGwf? &Twf/
eD = wD? pD? &D? NyD? csD? oD? nD/
txufygtwdik ;f um&efoabmudk odatmif tBudrBf udrf txyfxyf avhusif&h rnf/ xdjYk yif
wvH;k csif;xyfrQru ESpv
f ;kH wG?J oH;k vH;k wG?J av;vH;k wGJ ponfjzifh um&eftxyf? eabxyfrsm;udv
k nf;
avhusifo
h ifo
h nf/
atmufwiG f erlemjyxm;ygonf/
1/ rmrm
vmyg/
2/ ntcg
vrom/
3/ apmaz
aemaus/
4/ pHkNrdKifwGif;
xHkBudKifoif;/
5/ a&wHcGef
a[r0ef
6/ rmrm csmcsm
omom ,m,m/
7/ yef;ydawmufrif;
vrf;wavSsmufoif;/
8/ rJZmawmifajc
oJomaomifajr
yGJcganmifa&/
9/ ay;p&mvnf; aiGr&Sd
ajy;p&mvnf; ajrr&Sd/
10/ tMuHr&Sd aemufvdkuf
qefr&Sd aumufpdkuf/
txufyg erlemrsm;udrk ;DS trsK;d rsK;d avhusiMhf unfyh g/ txl;ojzifh pum;yHrk sm;? pum;xmrsm;
udk avhusiMhf unfv
h Qif yd
k vG,v
f ,
G u
f u
l l oabmaygufygvdrrhf nf/ txl;rSw&f efrmS um&efnaD tmif
14
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
avhusif&h mwGif toHvnf;nD? towfvnf;nDvQif taumif; qH;k jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif uAsmhoabm
onf &Gwq
f rkd u
I kd y"mexm;aomaMumifh toHn
D towfrnDyv
J nf; pyfqakd vh&MdS uonf/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh yef;vdkarT;ygap
prf;vdak t;ygap [laompum;wGif ]]yef;}}ESihf ]]prf;}}onf towf rwlacs/ od&Yk mwGif toHukd
t"duxm; pyfqx
kd m;jcif;jzpfonf/
&Sirf [m&|om& paom yk*Kd vfwu
Ykd m; toHnD towfnD pyfqakd vh&o
dS nf/ rnfoyYkd ifjzpfap
um&efEikd af tmif avhusif&h mwGif toHtrsKd;rsKd;xyf avhusifo
h ifo
h nf/
15
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (2)
toHtrsKd;rsKd;
uAsmzGq
YJ &kd mwGif (1) yuwdoH
(2) atmufjrpfoH
(3) 0doZeDoH (0paygufoH)
[l toHo;kH rsKd;&So
d nf/ atmufwiG f Z,m;jzifh jyxm;ygonf/
yuwdoH
tm
tD
tl
at
t,f
atmufjrpfoH
tmh = t
tDh = td
tlY = tk
ath = ath
t,fh = tJh
0doZeo
D H
tm;
tD;
tl;
at;
tJ;
(1) yuwdoH qdo

k nfrmS atmufjrpfEiS hf 0doZeD rygaom um&efjzpfonf/ wufoH [lvnf;
ac:onf/
(2) atmufjrpfoH qdo
k nfrmS atmufjrpfygaom um&efpEk iS hf atmufjrpfrygaomfvnf;
atmufjrpfoH &Gwfzwf&aom t? td? tk ponfh um&efpkyif jzpfonf/ oufoH [lvnf;
ac:onf/
(3) 0doZeo
D H qdo
k nfrmS 0paygufygaomtoHyif jzpfonf/ edro
hf H [lvnf; ac:onf/
uowf? powf? wowf? yowf wdrYk mS atmufjrpfou
H o
hJ Ykd toH;k jyKEdik o
f nf/ xdt
k owforH sm;
udk wdkifoH [l ac:onf/
xdt
k oHo;kH rsKd;teuf yuwdoaH c: wufou
H kd csDoH [lvnf; ac:onf/
atmufjrpfoaH c: oufo?H 0doZeo
D aH c: edro
hf EH iS hf wdik o
f w
H u
Ykd kd uAsmvuFm\ tcsoHrsm;
jzpfaomaMumifh csoH [lvnf; ac:onf/
uAsmzGq
YJ &kd mwGif csDoEH iS chf soHwu
Ykd kd wvSnphf aD &;Edik v
f Qif okwo
d m,memaysmfz,
G f jzpfonf/
toHae toHxm;? toHomG ; toHvm acsmarm ajyjypfwwfonf/ uAsmpmqd\
k cHpm;rIuv
kd u
kd
f
csDocH soHajyjypfatmif pDu;kH wwf&onf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh atmufygudck ef;ysKdUvm pmyd'k u
f kd yI g/
]]Zmwdykn? *kPfrmejzifh
oHy[H;k pH;k ? zufrMhJ uHK;om;
tm;oH;k axmifxm;? rsKd;av;yg;\
16
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
wufymG ;apmifrmef? vTm;wHceG u

f kd
jyif;0Sefrkefwdkif;? cwfcsKd;vIdif;
jzwfyikd ;f vSn;f cs? wwfprG ;f vSom;}}
tyd'k w
f iG f ajyjypfom,maom wufoH um&efrsm;udk tvGerf oH;k bJ jyif;xefrmausmaom
toHrsm;udo
k moH;k zGq
YJ x
kd m;onf udk awGEY ikd yf gonf/ tvm;wl uAsmyg toHrsm;udk ppfaq;Munfh I
Edik o
f nf/
17
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (3)
towftrsKd;rsKd;
towfqo
kd nfrmS t-o& toH aoatmif owfxm;aom wHceG v
f mT ;jcif;yif jzpfonf/
towf (10) rsKd;&Sdonf/ xdk (10) rsKd;um; u owf
= uf
... (uuf)
i owf
= if
... (uif)
p owf
= pf
... (upf)
O (nuav;) owf = Of
... (pOf)
n owf
= nf
... (rnf)
w owf
= wf
... (wwf)
e owf
= ef
... (qef)
y owf
= yf
... (tyf)
r owf
= rf
... (urf)
, owf
= ,f
... (&,f)
xdjYk yif jrefrmpmayxJwiG f ygVdbmomrS qif;oufvmaom ygVdouf towftu&mwdv
Yk nf;
rsm;pGm&So
d nf/ 4if;wdu
Yk kd owfx;l [k ac:onf/ ygVdouf towf 26 yg;&So
d nf/ ,if; towf
(26) yg;wdrYk mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/
trSwfpOf
towf
trnf
om"u
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
uf
cf
*f
if
pf
Zf
Of
#f
Xf
Pf
wf
xf
'f
u-owf
c-owf
*-owf
i-owf
p-owf
Z-owf
O(nuav;) owf
#-owf
X-owf
P-owf
w-owf
x-owf
'-owf
u&0duf
rkcf
b0*f
tmedoif
{u!pf
{u&mZf
,mOf
0#f
ygXf
Pf
twdwf
&d,mykxf
yk'f
18
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
pOf
14/
15/
16/
17/
18/
19/
20/
21/
22/
23/
24/
25/
26/
towf
"f
ef
yf
Af
bf
rf
,f
&f
vf
0f
of
[f
Vf
trnf
"-owf
e-owf
y-owf
A-owf
b-owf
r-owf
,-owf
&-owf
v-owf
0-owf
o-owf
[-owf
V-owf
om"u
0ZD&m0k"f
Adrmef
ZrL'dyf
j'Af
vmbf
tm&mrf
t"dym ,f
rm&f
wuov
kd f
odOKd 0f;
Oykof
od[&f moD
oD[Vdk f
uAsmpDu;kH &mwGif towfcsi;f wlnED ikd o

f rQ wlnaD tmif tm;xkwMf uonf/ a&S;ynm&Sw
d o
Ykd nf
(e owfukd e owfcsif;) (r owfukd r owfcsif;) (y owfukd yowfcsif;) (w owfukd wowf
csif;) wlnaD tmif *kjyK pyfqw
kd wfMuonf/
,cktcgwGif towfwu
l m&efrsm;jzifh r&Edik af omtcg towfrwl um&efwu
Ykd kd oH;k pGMJ uonf
udv
k nf; awG&Y wwfonf/ toHukd y"mejyKpyfaomenf;[k rSw,
f &l ef jzpfonf/
,if;odYk towfw?l toHwrl pyfyJ toHwu
l kd t"duxm; pyfqv
kd Qif ynm&Sw
d Ykd ESpo
f ufyrkH &/
]i e r? w y ESpf&yf? oHwlpyfaomf? ynwfac:xHk;? pmwHk; rnf&} [k refvnfq&mawmf
rdeq
Yf ckd zhJ ;l onfukd axmuf/
19
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (4)
oHayguf
oHayguft"dym ,f/
/ toHukd aygufa&muf ay:vGipf mG zwf&w
G &f aom vuFmwdt
k rsKd;
tpm; jzpfonf/ jrefrmuAsm pwif oifMum;aomtcg ]uAsmtp oHaygufu} [k qdk ;kd &So
d nft
h wdik ;f
oHaygufukd a&S;OD;pGm oifMum;ay;avh&o
dS nf/ oHaygufonf av;vH;k pyfvuFmzGeYJ nf;\tajccH
jzpfonf/ uAsmzGeYJ nf;trsKd;rsKd;wGif tvG,q
f ;kH jzpfonf/
oHaygufpyfenf;udk vG,v
f ,
G o
f Ed ikd &f ef ]tp av;vH;k ? tv,f oH;k ? tqH;k ig; ckepf} [l
rSwo
f m;avh&o
dS nf/
yxr oHaygufpyfenf; (4 - 3 - 2)
(1) tpyd'k w
f iG f av;vH;k &S&d rnf/
(2) tv,fwiG f oH;k vH;k &S&d rnf/
(3) aemufq;kH tcswGif ig;vH;k odrYk [kwf ckepfv;kH &Srd nf/
(4) um&ef,lyHkrSm 4- 3- 2 pepf jzpfonf/ tpydk'f av;vHk; teuf pwkwae&m? tv,f
yd'k f oH;k vH;k teuf wwd,ae&m? aemufq;kH yd'k f ig;vH;k odrYk [kwf ckepfv;kH teuf 'kw,
d ae&mwdYk
um&efn&D rnf[k qdv
k o
kd nf/
erlem
tp av;vH;k
tv,f oH;k
tqH;k ig; ckepf
20
- - - (+)
- - (+)
- (+) - - - /
(odrYk [kw)f
- (+) - - - - - /
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
1/ zGJYEGJYa&;pD
uAsmoD
arhqD ay;vdkuf&m/
oHcsKdpyfvm;
aw;xyfvm;
arum; rodyg/
zwfMunfhjyefvQif
olYpm,Of
arhwGif r&Sif;yg/
cspfygaMumif;vm;
rkef;aMumif;vm;
arum; rodyg/
- - (+)
- (+)
(+) - - - (+)
- (+)
(+) - - - (+)
- (+)
(+) - - - (+)
- (+)
(+) - -
-/
-/
-/
-/
aiGwm&D
2/ a&mifjcnfajcmufo,
G f
b0*fu,f
tHhzG,f q,fh&Spfjzm/
3/ &eHYrjy,f
yef;pHy,f
cufoG,f ESmarmif;jzm/
4/ ysKdysKd&G,f&G,f
aemifhaqGr,f
cspfz,
G rf sm;onfom/
5/ rif;qufig;oG,f
&Sib
f rYkd ,f
eef;v,fwifonfom/
6/ ydeaf umavSi,f
jrpfyifv,f
tvG,rf ul;om/
7/ ESif;wzGJzGJ
wydkYwGJ
aygufviJ u
kH m;um;/
9/ ra&mifhr&J
qm;ysm;jrJ
trJwpfESifhig;/
10/ rdk;r&GmyJ
cluv
dk JT
cETJqifumxm;/
21
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
11/ erf;ruHk
vSrsKd;pHk
ydkufNcHKwauG;auG;/
12/ csrf;rvHk
cef;a&TbkH
wlpHkrpufao;/
13/ a&TMumy'Hk
yGifh0giHk
xHx
k o
kH if;ysH aY rT;/
14/ wdrfndKyHkYyHkY
rdk;tHkYtHkY
aqmfvIHYajrmufavnif;/
15/ rjyefrwHkY
wNyHKUNyHKU
cspfwHkYrajyvQif;/
pdEa usmfol OD;Mo
u0dvuPmowfykH
avhusichf ef;
1/ atmufygpmyd'k w
f u
Ykd kd oHaygufuAsm jzpfvmatmif jznfyh g/
(u) jrom;aumufyif
v,f,mjyif
- (+) - - -/
(c) anmif;&Guaf vcsD
- - (+)
ryD0;kd w0g;/
(*) - - - (+)
&Gmonfhrdk;
jynfusKd;twGufyg/
2/ atmufygtaMumif;t&mwdu
Yk kd oHaygufwpfy'k pf D zGyYJ g/
(u) wdaYk wm&Gm
(c) eHeufcif;
(*) yef;O,smOf
3/ atmufyg oHaygufrsm;wGif rSmaomae&mrsm;udk jyifay;yg/
(u) oH;k vlx
Y yd yf ef;
xGwfMuiSef;
yGifhvef;usufoa&/
22
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
(c) pmusufMuyg
ntcsdef
om,mMunfE;l zG,/f
(*) aiGMu,fjzLazG;
qGwfvdkY,l
b,fojl zpfoenf;/
'kwd, oHaygufpyfenf; (4 - 3 - 1)
oHaygufpyfenf;wGif 4 - 3 - 1 um&efyHkpHudk oHk;onf/
erlem/ / ESvHk;npfnrf;
- - - (+)
vlrdkufoGrf;
- - (+)
vrf;udkrodEdkif/ (+) - - - - /
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
(1) wGif;jyif tdyfzef
twefwef
rSeaf p&Sihf opm/
(2) wazsmufqw
d q
f w
d f
rsufprd w
dS f
ydwfwHk zHk;wHk zGifh/
(3) vlysif; vlNydef;
pdwrf xde;f
bdef;udk pm; rIdif/
u0dvuPmowfykH
avhusichf ef;
1/ atmufygwku
Yd kd oHaygufjzpfatmif jznf
h pyfyg/
(u) aiGEiS ;f ykvJ
aqmif;OD;yGJ
(+) - - - - /
(c) BudKwifjyifqif
- - (+)
oifwdkYtm;xkwfMu/
(*) - - - (+)
wdkYtm;xm;
EGm;nDaemifESifhyg/
rSwfcsuf/ / oHaygufpyfenf; tajccH&vQif ig;vHk;csESifhjzpfap? ckepfvHk;csESifhjzpfap
oifah wmfovdk pyfqEkd ikd o
f nf/
23
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
ckepfvHk;cs&mwGifvnf; ]]orifacsi,f
- - - (+)
pdkif'&,f
- - (+)
a0;e,fa&SmifMujrm;ajrmifpG/}}
- (+) - () - - ()/
[louJo
h Ykd tqH;k yd'k w
f iG f pwkwa e&mESihf owrae&mwdu
Yk kd um&efnaD tmifpyfqEkd ikd af o;onf/
xkdYjyif ]]EG,fyef;yef;cGmndK
- - - - (+)
ESif;pdkpdk
- - (+)
jymodak qmif;v&uf}}
- (+) - - - /
[louJo
h Ykd yxryd'k w
f iG f ig;vH;k xm; pyfqo
kd nfvnf;&So
d nf/ pdwu
f ;l Pf&o
dS avmuf
uGejY frL;pyfqEk d ik d cf iG &h f o
d S nf/ oHaygufpyfenf;udk ausnufatmuf taMumif;t&mtrsK;d rsK;d ? um&ef,yl pkH epf
trsKd;rsKd; avhusifMh unfo
h ifo
h nf/
24
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (5)
oHcsyf
oHcsyt
f "dym ,f
,dr;f csif;? ewfcsif;? avSawmfoH paom oDcsif;wd\
Yk tMum; xnfo
h iG ;f csyfny
f wdik u
f m
azmufum oDq&kd aom oDcsif;oHwrkd sKd; jzpfaomaMumifh ]oHcsyf} [kac:onf/
pyfenf;
oHcsyfpyf&mwGif twdkif? tazmuf wpfpHkpD yg&jrJjzpfonf/
twdik yf 'dk w
f iG f ckepfv;kH cH taygufy'kd w
f iG f ckepfv;kH jzpfap? &Spv
f ;kH jzpfap tky&f onf/ um&ef
,lyHkrSm 7 - 3 odkYr[kwf 7 - 4 jzpfonf/
erlem
twdik /f
/ bke;f awmfBuD;vdYk oufawmf&n

S f (a&S)
------+
tazmuf/ / wdw
Yk awG a&csrf;td;k BuD;
--+----/
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
1/ rdk;vm;uGJ armifwdkY armifwdkY/
avvm;uGYJ armifwYkd armifw/Ykd (oHcsyftcsD)
2/ bke;f awmfxeG ;f vdYk av;uGe;f om
a&TNrdKUatmifcsm ewfjynftvm;
3/ zefjymcGufeJY ausmufpufa&
tarmajyatmif wdkufyghrr/
4/ a&Tvufcyk f tkyu
f mwD;
aysmoD;rSnrhf n
S hf pm;&atmif/
5/ td;k pnfom;rsm; usufoa&
urmoacsF ajymvdrYk qH;k /
6/ awZm a0jzm aMujimausmf
rd;k ay: bd;k awmf r wJ&h yfom;/
7/ a[hvm; armifwYkd 0g;/ (oHcsyftcs)
25
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
,cktcg oBuFeyf w
JG iG f oHcsyfuAsmrsm; txl;acwfpm;onf/ oHcsyf0ikd ;f rsm;udk vltrsm;
0dik ;f tHek m;axmifMuonf/ wdik ;f jynf jyKjyifp&mudpr sm;udk avSmifajymif&,farm,if; [moPf
ygaom tusKd;jyKtoday;oHcsyfrsm; pyfqdkonfrSm jrefrmhtpOftvmwck jzpfayonf/
avhusichf ef;
1/ oHcsyf\t"dym,fudk &Sif;jyyg/
2/ ausmif;oefY&Sif;a&; vkyftm;ay;yGJtwGuf oHcsyf 10 yk'fcefY a&;pyfyg/
3/ erlemjy oHcsyfrsm;\ um&ef,lyHkpepfrsm;udk azmfjyyg/
26
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (6)
av;vH;k pyfvuFm
av;vH;k pyfvuFmt"dym ,f
av;vH;k vQif wpfyg'pyfq&kd aom uAsmtzGYJ jzpfonf/ vuFm qdo
k nfrmS tvuFm&rS
qif;oufvmaom pum;jzpfonf/ wefqm qifjcif;[k t"dym,f&onf/ jrefrmuAsmwGif
toHk;rsm;aom uAsm tzGJYjzpfonf/ yk*HacwfrS ,aeYacwftxd av;vHk;pyf vuFmenf;udk
oH;k avh&o
dS nf/
pyfenf;
oHaygufpyfenf;udk em;vnfvQif vuFmpyfenf;udk tvkv
d kd em;vnfEikd o
f nf/ av;vH;k vQif
wpfBudrjf zwfawmuf pnf;0g;rSerf eS f zG&YJ onf/ zGaYJ omtcg atmufygyHpk t
H wdik ;f um&ef,
l zGq
YJ &kd
onf/
(1) 4 - 3 - 2 enf;
(2) 4 - 3 - 1 enf;
(3) 4 - 1 enf;
(4) 4 - 2 enf;
(5) 3 - 1 enf;
(6) 3 - 2 enf;
[l pyfqEkd ikd o
f nf/
txl;rSw&f efrmS av;vH;k pyfvuFmwGif 4 - 3 - 2 pyfenf;onf tajccHjzpfonf/ xdrk q
S ifyh mG ;
trsKd;rsKd;jzmxGufvmjcif; jzpfonf/
27
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
atmufyg erlem;rsm;udk Munfyh g/

(1) 4 - 3 - 2 enf;
b,fawmb,fNrd
NrdKif
rodEdEkdifcJh
rcdkifpdwf0rf
0rf;
aeYwdkif;vGrf;rQ
(2) 4 - 3 - 1 enf;
uAsmNrdKifwG
wiG f
yef;vGivG
fviG fudk
oifcl;vdku
cl;yefMu
Muavmh
Mu
vSonfhjrwfyef
yef;
cdkifvHk;vef; \/
- - - (+)
- - (+) (+) - - ()
- - () () - - (+)
- - (+) - /
(3) 4 - 1 enf;
yxr&G&G,f
i,faomfuwnfh
- - - (+)
() - - -
- - (+)
- (+) (+) - ()
- () - /
(4) 4 - 2 enf;
woaEa"
- - - (+)
a"
ay
way
ayvsOf;vsOf;
- (+) - ()
nOf;qdk;qdk;
wn
- () - (+)
ndK;;vsvs
vs
wn
- (+) - ()
wvGrf;vGrf;
ww
- () - (+)
orf;[,f[,f
worf
- (+) - ()
[,f
wG,fwmwm
wm
wwG
- () - (+)
[m
w[m
[mvIduvI
fvdu
- (+) - ()
I f
dIuf iifiif
wd
- () - (+)
iif
yif yef;yef;
wyif
- (+) - ()
(a&;enf;udk &xm;ajy; pyfenf;[kvnf; ac:onf/)
(5) 3 - 1 enf;
ckepfaxG
axGvQif
a&
a&ESifhawmifxyf
28
- - (+) (+) - - rd;k rc rD',

D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
(6) 3 - 2 enf;
rnfom;
atmifcsmrnf
a&Tjynf
jynfOD;pGef;
- - (+) - (+) - -
pyfenf; (6)rsK;d tjyif tjcm;enf;rsm;vnf; &SEd ikd yf gao;onf/ od&Yk mwGif us,frnfp;kd
ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf oifh o
kH m jyvdu
k yf gonf/
av;vH;k pyfvuFm
um&efoHk;csufpvHk; towfvnf;nD? um&efvnf;nD 4 - 3 - 2 enf;ESifhpyfqdkvQif
oHk;csufnDpyfenf; [k a&S;uac:Muonf/
erlem
EkxmG ;xGwxG
fxw
G f
a&rSvG
vw
G fonfh
acGG
w
G fMumwdrf;/
k pf yfenf; [k a&S;uac:Muonf/
4 - 1 enf;jzifph yfqv
kd Qif OD;wdu
erlem
oBuFefESpqef
fqef;
yef;uuHhaumf
4 - 2 enf;jzifh pyfqdkvQif jzpfap? 3 - 2 enf;jzifh pyfqdkvQifjzpfap um&efwlpyfqdkvQif
bDvl;&,fpyfenf; [k a&S;u ac:Muonf/
erlem
(u) onfwGifa&TNrd
NrdKU
onfod
oYkad pwD
(c) ay:aEGvvQif
awmifuNcdrfhjrL;
vuFmwpfy'k w
f iG f pyfenf;trsKd;rsKd;a&maESm pyfqEkd ikd o
f nf/ taMumif;t&mESihf vdu
k zf uf
atmif pyfenf;wpfrsKd;wnf;udkjzpfap? ESpfrsKd; oHk;rsKd;udkjzpfap a&maESm pyfqdkMuonf/
xdu
k m&eftpyf wdu
Yk kd odem;vnfatmif tm;xkwMf u&monf/
vuFmtcsy'kd rf sm;
vuFm\ tqH;k owftcsy'kd w
f iG f av;vH;k jzifch sxm;onfvnf; &So
d nf/ ckepfv;kH jzifh csxm;onf
vnf; &Sdonf/ ckepfvHk; tcsydk'fenf;udk cdkifGwfcufjzmcsenf; [kac:Muonf/
29
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
av;vH;k csenf;
ocifreG u
f kd
csefbpif
dpifppf? tjypfrJha&;
cGifvQif
hvQifay;\/ aoG;onfted
tedpm
ighcE
cEm wnfh/
ckepfv;kH csenf;
(u) a&TMumae0,f
vSrf;aomES,fodkY
nKd ;i,fworf;orf;wum;/
(c) &Siaf ESmif;IUH wG
om;axG;vSukd
rdbigwdkY auG;rnfzdkY/
erlemjyuAsmrsm;
1/ jruefom
awmifusacsmif;aw;? a&0ifajy;vSnhf
a&at;MunfpGm? uefydkifrmvsuf
Mumaygif;xHx
k ?kH iSurf sKd;pHo
k nf
bH0k wom? eEmayavm
wlpG[kwm/
2/ od;k uav
ykym;ewfawmif
tacgifjrifhzsm;? pHkawmjym;
eHY&Sm;BudKifvGifh? cgwefyGifhonf
a&TESifh,dk;rSm;? yef;pum;/
od;k uav
pum;yGiEhf iS hf
EIdif;wifhEdk;onf? &JrsKd;orD;
armifBuD;ESr? nufvSjympif
r,fo
h nfyifonf c&D;om;/
od;k uav
Nrdwv
f w
G pf v
k nf;
ti,fwnf;u? uGrf;0ifMuonf
arG;zwl&if;? rsKd;onfrif;ESifh
cspfjcif;pkHk;? oufxufqHk;onf
ESvHk;rjcm;? apmifhw&m;/
aqGrdrif;
rsufow
k ef pD if
30
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
&xnf;zsifESifh? usKdif;pifjr0g
rwfBuD;vsmudk
r,fomBudKufrd? wkr&Sd/
3/ oHa0*vuFm
- toufpnf;pdrf? cEmtdrfum;? wdrfwcJeuf? Munfh,if; ysufodkY? rsufpdatmufwGif?
aysmufvGifhpOf? ocFg&puf? olYydkifeuf? oGufoGufvnfum? yg&&Smonf? cEmtedpygwum;/
bHkeef;wdkuftdrf? olYpnf;pdrfESifh? *kPfod&farmufNzdK;? bkef;wefcdk;vnf;? rdk;odkYcsKef;ap?
ynmawGvnf;? awmifajrw&Sd? pGrf;owdvnf;? rd*&mZm? odkYjzpfygvnf;? ocFg&rif;? olYajc&if;?
acGpif;rmefcsKd;? OD;TwfvQKd;onf? bkef;rsKd;ru,fEdkifygwum;/
- yk*dKvfwGifrnf? ac:Murnfum;? azGenf&if;jrpf? &Smppfaomf? jzpfvQifysufjim;? cEm
ig;wnfh? w&m;xifrI? rl&if;Iu? ESpfck {uef? kyfESifhemrfwnfh? azmufjyefwwfvS? ocFg&rdkY? edp
cdik u
f snf? jrJrwnfonf? ysufrnfrck sygwum;/
v,fwyD @Dw OD;armifBuD;
4/ olwnf;wpfa,muf? aumif;zdaYk &mufr?l olwpfa,mufrmS ? ysufvifu
h mom? "rwmwnf/h
- a&Ttrd ef ef;ESi?hf MuiSmef;vnf;cH? rwfaygif;&Hvsuf? aysmfpH &dyNf idr?f pnf;pdrrf uGm? rif;csrf;
omum;? ork'& m? a&rsufEmS xuf? cPwufonf?h a&yGuyf rm? wpfoufvsmwnf/h
- Muifemoem;? ightm;rowf? ,ckvw
T v
f nf;? rvGwMf urm? vlwumwd?Yk cEmcdik u
f snf?
twnfrjrJ? azmufvw
JG wfonf? rcGwf pom? ow0gwnf/h
- &Sdcdk;aumfa&mf? ylaZmftuGef? yefcJhwHk\? cdkufMuHK0dyguf? oHompuf? BudKufvwfwGefrl?
wHrYk ,lv?kd MunfnKd pdwo
f ef? ocifreG u
f ?kd csefbpd pfppf? tjypfrahJ &;? cGiv
hf Qifay;\? aoG;onftedpm ?
ighcEm wnf/h
teEo&l ,
d
avhusichf ef;
1/ av;vH;k pyfvuFm\ t"dym ,fukd &Si;f jyyg/
2/ 4 - 2 pyfenf;ac: &xm;ajy;pyfenf;udk uAsmerlemjy &Sif;jyyg/
Yk kd vuFmwdrk sm; zGyYJ g/
(u) ausmif;om,m
(c) vli,ft
h m;rmef
(*) rd;k OD;Icif;
4/ atmufygvuFmwGif um&efrsm;udk&Sm um&ef,lyHkpepfudkyg azmfjyyg/
a&Ttdrfeef;ESifh? MuiSef;vnf;cH
rwfaygif;&Hvsuf? aysmfp&H yd Nf idrf
pnf;pdrrf uGm? rif;csrf;omum;
ork'& m? a&rsufEmS xuf
cPwufonf?h a&yGuyf rm
wpfoufvsmwnf/h
/
31
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
5/ atmufygvuFmwGif vdak eaom um&efrsm;udk jznf

h zGyYJ g/
(u) uGe;f tydik ;f wdkif;twnfjynftpdkYNrdKUtcef;eef;toD;xD;tql(c) aEGOD;umv
jrLrIef-
rdIif;-a0a0
vGr;f zG,-f wnf/h
(*) 0if;0if;0g0g
yef;rm-onf
oif;umarT;&eHYcsLvsuf
-wumudk
Munfapvdk\/
6/ atmufygvuFmpyfenf;wdu
Yk kd a&S;u rnfo
h aYkd c:Muoenf;/
(u) towfwl toHwl 4 - 3- 2 pyfenf;
(c) 4 - 1 pyfenf;
(*) 3 - 2 pyfenf;
7/ oif&&Sad om vuFmwyk'u
f akd &; rnfonfu
h m&ef,yl pkH epfjzifh pyfxm;onfukd azmfjyyg/
32
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (7)
&wk
&wkt"dym ,f
&wkqo
kd nfrmS obif? tcrf;tem;? tajctae[l t"dym ,f &Sad om jrefrmpum;jzpfonf/
tcsKdUu ouwbmom ]&dw}k rSqif;ouf &wkjzpfvmonf[k rdeq
Yf Mkd uonf/ &dwk [laom
ouwpum;onf tcg&moD[k t"dym ,f&onf/
&wkpyfenf;
&wkpyfenf;rSm vuFmpyfenf;uJhodkYyifjzpfonf/ 4 - 3 - 2 enf;? 4 - 3 - 1 enf;? 4 1 enf; paom pyfenf;wdjYk zifh um&ef,&l onf/ od&Yk mwGif tyd'k t
f a&twGuu
f v
kd u
dk
f &wktrsK;d tpm;
oH;k rsKd;cGx
J m;onf/
(1) {uyd'k f &wk
(2) ydk'fpHk &wk
(3) tjznfhcH &wk
[ljzpfonf/
(1) {uydk'f &wk
wpfy'kd w
f nf;om a&;pyfaom &wkukd {uyd'k &f wk[ak c:onf/ pyfenf;rSm vuFmpyfenf;
twdik ;f jzpf &wkcs&mwGif cdik
f eG cYf ufjzm csenf;ac: ckepfv;kH csenf;udk toH;k rsm;onf/
uke;f abmifacwfO;D pmqdk vuf0o
J Ek & trwfBuD;\ ]]tqdik q
f ikd v
f Qif}}tpcsD rJZmopfawmbGYJ
{uydk'f&wkudk Munfhyg/ tydk'f wydk'f wnf;jzifh rJZmopfawm\ oabmokyfudk ay:vGifatmif
jcHKiHzk q
YJG x
kd m;onfukd awGEY ikd yf gonf/
]]tqdik q
f ikd v
f Qif? awmNrdKifvnfvn
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YJ &kd aom uAsmtrsK;d tpm;rsm;yif jzpfonf/ Zmwfvrf;uAsm? rSww
f rf;uAsm?
om;acsmhuAsmrsm;aywnf;/
avhusichf ef;
1/ oifoad om &wkpmqdk ig;OD;\ trnfukd azmfjy ESpo
f ufaom &wkwpfy'k u
f kd a&;jyyg/
2/ atmufyg taMumif;t&mwdu
Yk kd &wki,f wpfy'k pf aD &;yg/
(u) trsKd;om;aeY
(c) awmifuek ;f ay:u apwD
(*) tmZmenf
3/ pHerlemjy uAsmrsm;teuf ]a0&Tef;pEm} csDwk\ um&ef,lyHkpepfudk azmfjyyg/
38
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (*)
a'G;csKd;
a'G;csK;d t"dym ,f
tcsKd; ESpfcsKd;yg0ifaom uAsmrsKd;jzpfonf/ yxrtcsKd;udk tcH[lvnf;aumif;? tcsD[l
vnf;aumif;ac: 'kw,
d tcsKd;ukd ttkyf [lvnf;aumif;? tcs [lvnf;aumif; ac:onf/
ESpq
f pfcsKd; [lvnf; ac:Muao;onf/
a'G;csK;d pyfenf;
tcsKd;ESpcf sKd;&So
d nft
h euf tcHcsKd;wGif tenf;qH;k ESpyf 'kd jf zifah &;NyD; ttkycf sKd;wGif tenf;qH;k
ESpyf 'kd jf zifh tkyaf vh&o
dS nf/
2 ydk'fcH - 2 ydk'ftkyf a'G;csKd;
3 ydk'fcH - 4 ydk'ftkyf a'G;csKd; ponfjzifh pdwful;Pf&Sdoavmuf uGefYjrL;a&;om;Edkifonf/
a'G;csK;d uAsmwGif yd'k q
f ;kH um&ef (tcsK;d owfum&ef) rsm;onf csorH sm; jzpf&onf/ txl;ojzifh
0doZeo
D rH sm; jzpfavh&o
dS nf/ rnfonft
h cgrQ csDoH ac: wuforH jzpfap&/ xdjYk yif yd'k w
f iG ;f um&efrsm;
vnf; &So
d nf/
vlav;&,fikd
- - - ()
ckdzrf;vdkYay;/
() - - (+)/
cdjk zLcdjk ymeufu,f
- - - - () zrf;cufvaS o;/
- () - (+)/
a'G;csKd;wGif tcHy'kd f tqH;k um&efonf ]ay;} jzpf ttkyyf 'kd f tqH;k um&efonf ]ao;}
jzpfonf/
39
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcHy'kd w
f iG f ]id}k ESihf ]cd}k onf yd'k w
f iG ;f um&efjzpfonf/ ttkyyf 'kd w
f iG f ]euf} ESihf ]cuf} onf
yk'd w
f iG ;f um&efjzpfonf/
tcHy'kd t
f qH;k um&ef (tcsKd;owfum&ef) ESihf ttkyyf 'kd q
f ;kH um&ef (tcsKd;owfum&ef) wdu
Yk kd
(+) jzifh jyxm;ygonf/ ydk'fwGif;um&efrsm;udk () jzifh jyxm;ygonf/
a&TusD;&,fom
{nfv
h ma&mhovm;/
cef;0u BudK
cifav; a&T&ifzckd u
kd f
usD;ndKu em;/
tcsKd;owf tcHum&efESifh ttkyfum&efwdkYudk
jyxm;ygonf/
csKd;ESpfaumif
xaemif;yif nDaemifu
vGr;f atmifucl G/J
yef;awmfjzL
yifjruf aeZmxlvS
bd;k awmifow
l /J
- - - ()
- () - - (+)
- - - ()
- - - - ()
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(+) jzifhjy ydk'fwGif;um&efrsm;udk () jzifh
- ()
- - - () () - (+)
- ()
- - - () - () (+)
OD;pGmtcsK;d owf tcHum&efEiS hf ttkyu

f m&efwu
Ykd kd &SmMunfyh g/ xdaYk emuf yd'k w
f iG ;f um&efrsm;udk
&SmMunfyh g/
a&Tref;qdk awmifawmfO;D u
usL;vmwJh rd;k oHi,f
tke;f nHNcdrahf ~uG;/
wmawmfciG f
a&0ifatmif a&TuwGwu
f kd
rif;vTwcf ahJ v;/
- - - - - () () - - - () - () - (+)/
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uAsmwGif ]]usL;vmwJh rd;k oHi,f}} [laom tyd'k f &Gwq

f jkd y ajyjypfap&ef &nf&,
G v
f suf
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h nf/ pmvH;k ta&twGuw
f iG f xnfo
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40
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
xdt
Yk wl ]]u,f}}? ]]ygbk}}? ]]w,f}}? ]]uG,}f }? ]]rSm}} paom pum;vH;k wdo
Yk nf oDq
kd acsmajrUap&efom
xnfo
h iG ;f zGq
YJ x
kd m;Mujcif;jzpfonf/
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
1/ rdk;csKyfvdkY ae&D
wdref u
D 0if;/
udkBuD;ausmf jyefrJhvrf;rSm
yef;&eHY oif;/
2/ tom;&,f jzL
vlayrdv
Yk m;/
tom;awmf ndKjymnufu,f
eef;awmfxufzmG ;/
3/ atmifyifESifh eEm
MumpHkuarT;/
wuefukd wuefqufygvdYk
*,ufawG yifv,fEdIif;oifhw,f
vIdif;MuufcGyf azG;/
4/ ysKdav;&ufwJh ,uef;pif
bmqifvdkYar;/
ar;ygeJaY t
wdkYwawG acGwmjcif;aMumifh
wif;wdrw
f ahJ v;/
5/ OD;aumhvYkd yJah xmif
ukefavSmifvdkY vlpD;/
xdk;0g;udkudkif
BudK;qGJol w,dkif,dkifeJY
&Guw
f ikd u
f kd avrodr;f w,f
yde;f aumrBuD;/
6/ yef;pHy,f
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k [
f mrdYk
tvdu
k f awmfwefoifh ykH
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eef;&a0
41
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
ref;ajrrSm pHyifvIdifawmh
cHyef;cdkif ,m,Da&GUw,f
awmavh&mG oH;k /
7/ Iwikd ;f i,fpkd
jra&ndK awmiforefESifh
ajrmifywf&q
H ;D /
rD;pHkyGifha&
Asmodkufu,f &efatmifa>cwJh
ref;acgifaAG nmajrarmhrSm
bdk;awmhf jynfBuD;/
avhusichf ef;
1/ atmufygwdu
Yk kd a'G;csKd;uAsmwGif tcsKd;owf tcHum&efEiS hf ttkyu
f m&efrsm;udk a&G;jyyg/
aqG;rjy,f
av;yifv,f arkEiS hf
ayGrIwEIef;/
oufw&m rsufEmS udk
rjrif&aomfvJ
ylyghr,f b,fwaeYrS
atmufarhrrke;f /
2/ erlemjy a'G;csKd;uAsmrsm;wGif ydk'fwGif;um&ef,lyHkrsm;udk azmfjyyg/
3/ atmufyg taMumif;t&mwdkYudk a'G;csKd;wyk'fpD zGJYjyyg/
(u) arG;&yfajr
(c) jrom;v,f,m
(*) tm;upm;yGJ
(C) yk&pfzl;csdef
4/ atmufyg a'G;csKd;wGif trSm;jyifyg/
aEG&moD tcgxJrmS
tifMuif;wJh yef;rmvm
a0vGiw
f ahJ wm/
avjynfi,f&iT f
tifMuif;yif arT;&eHiY ,f
oif;MuLomayh/
42
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (9)
BwdcsKd;
BwdcsK;d t"dym ,f
]]Bwd}} [lonfrmS oH;k ck[k t"dym ,f&aom ygVdpum;pum; jzpfonf/ tcsKd;oH;k csKd; yg0ifaom
uAsmtrsKd;tpm; jzpfonf/
BwdcsK;d pyfenf;
a'G;csKd;pyfenf;udo
k v
d Qif BwdcsKd;pyfenf;udo
k &d ef rcufawmhacs/ a'G;csKd;[laom tcsKd;ESpcf ak y:
wGif txufu wcsK;d xyfqifv
h u
kd f rkH Qom jzpfonf/ xyfw;kd vdu
k af om yxrtcsK;d rSm cso
D aH c:wufoH
jzifh qHk;&onf/ csDoHac: wufoHrSwpfyg; tjcm;toHrsm;jzifh tcsKd;um&efrcsEdkif/
yxr tcsKd;um&eftwdkif; 'kwd,tcsKd;wGif ydk'fwGif;um&ef ,l&onf/ xdkodkY yxrtcsKd;
um&ef\ aemufov
Ykd u
kd
f 'kw,
d tcsKd; tqH;k owfcgeD;wGif um&efwl ,l&onfukd cGmaxmufum&ef
[k qdkMuonf/ cGmaxmufum&ef ,lrdatmif txl;*kpdkuf&onf/ cGmaxmufum&efvGJvQif
yxrtcsKd;ESihf 'kw,
d tcsKd; tcsdwt
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cGmaxmufum&efrzd Ykd owdr&yJ &Sw
d wfMuonf/
erlem
(y) tcsKd;
('k) tcsKd;
wydw
Yk JG
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Am[Du tajymif;/
-
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43
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
(w) tcsKd;
ysKdwdkYarmif a&TaoQmifwGJ (i,fESifh)

-----*
cgrrD ,m,DcJG (vd&Yk ,f)
-----*
- - (+)
vGaJ yghonfaqmif;/
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cGmaxmufum&efukd jyonf/
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]]Am[Du tajymif;}} rS ]]ajymif;}} onf 'kw,
d tcsKd;um&ef jzpfonf/
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- yxrtcsKd;wGif ]]wG}J } ESihf ]]vJ}} wdo
Yk nfvnf;aumif;? ]]pD}} ESihf ]]csD}} wdo
Yk nfvnf;aumif;
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Yk nf um&ef
nDMuonf/ xdu
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d t
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Yk nf yk'd w
f iG ;f um&efrsm; jzpfMuonf/
BwdcsKd;uAsmwGif qifx
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kd v
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aygufvmygwJh a&Twrm
cg;csufu em/
a&pD;&,fwcg
a&om&,fwvSnhf (vS)YJ /
olrsm;vdk wdrYk dik ;f w,f
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qefzyG o
f nfh tzd;k tkd
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qdo
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(3) atmufjynf a&wd;k vdYk
&GufBudK; rEdkifygvdk
vIid ;f armufvrYkd /kd
44
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
rrav;u aMumufvdkYidk
armifzkef;rdk b,fhES,ful;(&r,f)
avmif;avSu vl;/
(4) ysKdav;wdkY tdrfOD;
qwfomG ;zl;wJh wpfEkH pS f kH
aus;awGu tH/k
rtHyk gESihf udak &Taus;/
ysKdwdkYarmif &Sifvdifjyefawmh
em; yefzdkYav;/
(5) ysKdav;wdkY tdrfpGef;
uGe;f q,fEh pS yf if
apmifha&Smufapcsif/
q,fEh pS yf if
&Sifatmify arG;/
r,fEiS ahf rmif uHqikd af wmh
ausmif;wdik zf aYkd v;/
avhusichf ef;
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2/ erlemjy uAsmrsm;xJu cGmaxmufum&ef ,lyHkpepfudk azmfjyyg/
3/ atmufygtaMumif;t&mwdkYudk BwdcsKd;uAsm zGJYjyyg/
(u) qdyu
f rf;om
(c) uRef;a&T0g
(*) aMumifuav; ylpD
45
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef;(10)
av;csKd;
av;csK;d t"dym ,f
wufoH ac: yuwdojH zifh cs&aom tcsKd;ESpcf Ek iS hf atmufjrpfo?H 0doZeo
D w
H jYkd zifh cs&aom
tcsKd;ESpcf ak ygif; tcsKd;av;ckyg0ifaom uAsmtrsKd;tpm; jzpfonf/
av;csK;d pyfenf;
a'G;csKd;ESihf BwdcsKd;pyfenf;udo
k v
d Qif av;csKd;pyfenf;onf rcJ,Of;NyD/ tajccH a'G;csKd;tay:wGif
wufoaH c: yuwdojH zifh cs&aom tcsKd;ESpcf k xyfqifv
h u
kd v
f Qif av;csKd;jzpfvmonf/ av;csKd;wGif
wwd,tcsKd; cGmaxmufum&ef ygavh&o
dS nf/
46
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
erlem
(y) tcsKd;
('k) tcsKd;
(w) tcsKd;
(p) tcsKd;
yefygwJh yefyg/
a&Trif;0H awmifay:d;k u
yef;csKd;vdv
Yk m/
tyGifh&,f0g
tnmrSm a&T&nfv;l
yef0Hhygzl;/
- - - (+)/
---- - (+)/
--
- - - (+)
- - (+)
txufyg av;csKd;wGif tcsKd;um&efrsm;udk odYk odoifo

h nf/
(y) tcsKd;um&efrmS ]]yg}}? ('k) tcsKd;um&efrmS ]]vm}} jzpfonf/
(y) tcsdK;um&efEiS hf ('k) tcsKd;um&ef tjrJn&D onfukd owdjyKyg/
(w) tcsKd;um&efrmS ]]vl;}} jzpfonf/ (p) tcsKd;um&efrmS ]]zl;}} jzpfonf/
(w) tcsKd;um&efESifh (p) tcsKd;um&efwdkY tjrJnD&onfudk owdjyKyg/
(w) tcsKd;wGif ]]tyGi&f ,f0g}} rS ]]0g}} ESihf ]]tnmrSm a&T&nfv;l }} rS ]]nm}} wdo
Yk nf um&ef
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[kac:onf/
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Yk nf yd'k w
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av;csKd;? BwdcsKd;ESihf av;csKd;uAsmwdw
Yk iG f toHaetoHxm; tvGet
f a&;BuD;onf/ pmvH;k a&
wlaomfvnf; toHtedrt
hf jrif?h twuftus ajyjypfatmif zGw
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G
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em;tavhtusifh tvGet
f a&;BuD;aom aw;uAsm trsKd;tpm;jzpfayonf/
pmqdw
k o
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a&;zGaYJ vh&MdS uonf/
zd;k olawmf OD;rif;? vl OD;rif;? v,fwq
D &mawmf? q&mBuD; ocifu,
kd af wmfriId ;f ? v,fwyD @dw
OD;armifBuD; paom pmqdkBuD;wdkYonf av;csKd;BuD;rsm;udk zGJYqdkcJhMuaom pmqdkBuD;wdkYonf av;csKd;
BuD;rsm;udk zGJYqdkcJhMuaom pmqdkynm&SifBuD;rsm;yif jzpfayonf/ xdkpmqdkwdkYteuf q&mBuD; ocif
ud,
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YJ
kd pmqdak vmuwGif wHceG f
xlaom yk*Kd vfBuD;aywnf;/
47
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
ae&mwGif tvsOf;oif
h av;csKd;BuD;wdw
Yk iG f yg0ifavh&adS om eabum&eftaMumif;udk
vnf; azmfjyygOD;tH/h
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YJ v
kd Qif ]]eabxyf}}onf[k qdo
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onf eabxyfrsm; jzpfMuonf/
(u) aqmif;vufreG f
a'gif;iSufwGef
(c) vwefc;l
tvSxl;
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vv,f,kef
qq,fykH
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cRefapjrap apm/
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wGeaf p uap aom/
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k u
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av;csKd;udjk zpfap oDq
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cGe;f axmuf
kyaf o;? ZmwfobifEiS hf tNidrphf onfww
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u taxmuftBudK EIwfcGef;qufonfhoabmjzifh tcsKd;wpfckckudk oDqdkonf/ xdktcgrsKd;wGif
cGe;f axmuf qdo
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l vnf; ac:Muao;
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wpfaxmufem;aeonfukd taMumif;jyKaomaMumifh uGe;f axmuf [kac:aMumif; ynm&Sirf sm;u
rdeq
Yf Mkd uonf/
48
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
(1) iga,musfm;
vm;vm;rS bmrxD/
aoG;nDnD ,SOfNydKifETJ,if
uJacgifu wnf/
tmZmenf
jrefjynf arhcspfom;/
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49
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
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wdb
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50
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51
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tcef;(11)
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52
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53
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
erlemjy uAsmrsm;
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f aS ywJ?h udE& rD ,farmifw?Ykd
jrifh[dkawmifqG,fpcef;rSmv? EG,fief; ESpfudk,f,SOf? Nidrfh{,if olwdkYETJ&SmMu? cJMuvlUoGif/ /
lygHkoPmefwifhygbd? uHcGifhpDrH? wd&pmefom[k jzpf&SmMu? cspfp&mhyHktjyif? jrifolwdkYraem/ /
ETJumi,fcsD? zl;pDpD a&T&ifrdkY&,fESifh? b,fodkYvQif BuHeD;yg&? rBuD; udE&DarwdkY? ckraoG uHom
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jzLwcsKdUomygh? olwUkd udk b,fqu
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Adv
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54
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4/ oifEw
I w
f uf&aom oHcsKdwpfy'k u
f akd &; tcsKd;um&efrsm;udk azmfjyyg/
55
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (12)
wsmcsif;
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wsmbG[
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emaysmzf ,
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f ufoavmuf
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k kd zG
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yef;avmifaMumrSm? ydef;aumavSi,f&Sif
awmifbufu,fwcGi?f xGu0f ifazmufum;
yJhygrnfhol? rygvl
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yJveG ;f yJBuD; oD;oD;,lMunf;aqmif
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56
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rd;k rc rD',
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od;k vnf;rpyf? 0g;yyfu,fwapom
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+
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57
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f ,fEiS ahf v;/
tvkwu
f ,f{&mom? iHu
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om;ajr;i,frmcsm? A,fnmaxG;awmhonf/
0efBuD;ya'o&mZm
2/
aEGOD;umv jrLxaomcg
aEGO;D umv? jrLxaomcg

&if;axmif&if;qG?J aqmifjrJt;kd vG,u
f m
"m;ES;D xufpmG ? cg;rSmcsyfvsuf
xef;yGifhxef;cdkif? &Tef;NrdKifNrdKif
uvdik o
f mvG,v
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xef;yifxef;vuf? xef;&Guu
f ,fa0a0
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om;ajr;[pfaMumf? acG;0ufu,fac:
xef;avSsmfom ,keyf u
kd pf nf;i,fEiS ahf v;/
ac:oHu
kd [
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58
rd;k rc rD',
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vifuwoG,?f ,keif ,fup
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odEYk iS ahf &mufu? cPatmifv
h Qif
wHpx
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[if;td;k qlvQif? tuifcwfNyD;
td;k uif;ESiahf vSm?f a&ESiahf Mumf
rd;k arQmfikwo
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ES;D a'gif;vef;BuD;? cl;NyD;aomcg
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0efBuD;ya'o&mZm
avhusichf ef;
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2/ ]yef;rsKd;pHkvif ausmif;O,smOf} [laom acgif;pOfjzifh wsmcsif;wpfyk'fzGJYjyyg/
3/ xif&Sm;aom wsmcsif;pmqdkBuD;udk oifodygovm;/ xdkpmqdkBuD;\trnfudk azmfjyyg/
4/ ]0oefumv rdk;uswnfhvQif} wsmcsif;\ um&ef,lyHkudk azmfjyyg/
59
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (13)
tdi
k cf sif;
tdkifcsif;t"dym,f/
/ toH tdkiftdkif? toH NrdKifNrdKifESifh oHNydKifoDqdk&aom tcsif;rsKd;
jzpfaomaMumifh ]]tdik cf sif;}} [kac:onf/ aumufpu
kd &f mwGif rde;f uav;rsm; oDqakd vh&adS om uAsm
wpfrsKd;yif jzpfonf/
tdkifcsif;pyfenf;/
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hJ il ,fav
oli,fcsi;f aumif; a,mufrwdaYk v}} [k tpcso
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Yk if
av}} [l csonf/ avSeH"m;xpfum; r[kwfacs/ ]]tysKdjzLi,fESrrSm? MuHK&wif&Sif}}? ]]tysKdjzL
i,fuaygif;ygwJ?h olaumif;i,fav;}} ponfjzifh a&;zGaYJ vh&o
dS nf/ wcgw&HwiG f ]]cspfwif;i,f
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[l vnf;aumif; a&;zGw
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dS nf/ pnf;BuD;urf;BuD;um; r[kwv
f /S
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erlemjy uAsmrsm;
1/ cspfwJholav
oli,fcsif;aumif; a,mufrwdaYk v/
0gqdki,frS 0gacgif? a&azmifazmifESifh
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xaemif;aMumifuspf? ql;&pfyGifhum
rdk;r&Gmonf? &GmygaomfvJ rdk;roJ/
v,fjyifi,frS ywfoef;
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60
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
vufckyfyifawmif? yanmifyifvS? aESmyifcGESifh

vrf;rwdk;vQKd? qD;csKH&dyfrSmv? wqdwfu,fcdkNyD;vSsif
csKHndKpGef;rSmwJh - tvGrf;ajzav;/
2/ cspfwo
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ighuv
kd ,
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tdraf v;axmifrh mS ql;awGcsvsuf
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avSum;cHkrSm
*VKefarmifhaMumifh apmifhawmhw,f/
avSum;OD;rSm - bDv;l armifah Mumifh apmifah wmhw,f/
avSum;ajcrSm - ql;avarmifah Mumifh MuJawmhw,f/
tdrw
f ikd w
f ikd ;f rSm - EGm;dik ;f armifah Mumifh csnfawmhw,f/
x&HMum;rSm - "m;oGm;armifah Mumifh xm;awmhw,f/
tdrMf urf;Mum;rSm - tyfomG ;armifah Mumifph aD wmhw,f/
tdrrf ;kd acgifrmS - vSaH xmifarmifah Mumifh pdu
k af wmhw,f/
armifvb
J ,fuwufyghr,f? r,fvb
J ,fuqif;yghr,f/
<uufuJhta,mif? aMumif&JUtvm;
xkyEf iS ahf ,mufu?kd xd;k azmufomG ;u
xkyo
f m;i,frrS cdik ?f xkyw
f ikd if ,fryS ;kd xd;k
tv,facgifrmS ? azmifazmifusKd;u
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qif;csckef - vrf;qHak &mufygvdrrhf ,fvm;&Si/f
nDrtaxG;-a&Twav;ud?k ajy;Munfah cs
apvaomcg? tr,frr? uGefrcJtdk? jrifhiJhigwdkY
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&SifNidrf;r,f
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61
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
ppfajrjyifrSm? 0ifumckwf
wkwu
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k u
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tdkifcsif;ESifhywfouf ou&mZf 700 ausmf? 900 ausmftwGif; a&TbdkNrdKUawmifbuf
oH;k axmift
h ikd &f mG rSpwif ay:aygufvmaom oH;k axmift
h idk cf sif;ESihf ou&mZf 1100 ywf0ef;usif
ay:vmaom &mjynft
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awmifwGif;&SifNidrf;r,f? vuf0JokE& ponfwdkY jzpfonf/
avhusichf ef;
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62
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
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k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
tcef; (14)
vGr;f csif;
vGr;f csi;f t"dym ,f
vGr;f csif;qdo
k nfrmS vGr;f qGwMf unfE;l zG,af umif;aom aw;oHjzifh zGq
YJ x
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]]ajrmufbufo}H } [k ac:wGicf hJ aMumif; od&onf/
vGr;f csi;f pyfenf;
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dS nf/
pum; oH;k vH;k ? av;vH;k ? ig;vH;k ? ajcmufv;kH rSerf eS yf gwwf wpfv;kH csdwu
f m&efukd toH;k rsm;onf/
um&ef,yl rkH mS vuFmpyfum&ef ,ly,
kH el nf;rsKd;yif jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif yg'twGi;f jyef*[yfum&ef
ac: jcaoFv
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wpfrsKd;udk ajymif;NyD;aemuf rlvucHcahJ om um&efukd jyeftyk jf cif;jzpfonf/ jyef*[yfum&ef,yl u
kH kd
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aygufatmif &Gwzf wf&onf/ pmvH;k a& tenf;trsm;xm;yH?k toHomG ; toHvm ajyjypfatmifzyYJG kH
wdu
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vGr;f csif; um&ef,yl pkH epfukd atmufyguAsmwGif avhvmEdik yf gonf/
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pHw
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uAsmq&m wifrdk;
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wl&,fruGm
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aumufief;u oljyefyrkH mS ? cwmiHk yef;ESpq
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nOfch srf;&,fae&D? csdeaf wmfr?D auoDyef;ESi?hf a&cyfvrf;rSm? pcef;oifv
h ?Ykd xufqifeh aD &mif?
csnfpdrf;aygifESifh? ,Ofatmifawmol? oeyfcg; uGufyg;rSmulvdkY? trlBuD;urf;ukefudk? b,fNrdKUyHk
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OD;BuD;
armifBuD;wdYk aysmpf &H m
rvGr;f a&mhaomfaumh? uRef;armharmhajrmufciG ?f rl;a&,Of vuf,mpD;ygvd?Yk armifBuD;wdaYk ysmfwhJ
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64
rd;k rc rD',
D m pme,fZif;tzGu
UJ pDpOfxw
k af 0onf
jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
ESrjymjzL? a&mufawmfrv
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f ,fp;D ygwJ?h armifBuD;
tdrrf mS ? pnf;pdrif ,fc?H [if;csOfaygifzuf? jyKwfA;l &GuEf iS ?hf ydcsufu,f &HNyD;vQif? qefxrif; &Jausmfu?kd
0efuawmf yHak vmufajy;atmif? auG;yghr,fav;/
OD;BuD;
q,fhtdrfrifh pnf;pdrf
pnf;pdrBf uD;ygbd? kwo
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f ufNydKif us,fpyspfu,fEiS ?hf
zG,o
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pm;aomufz,
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tdrw
f iG ?f pnf;pdrBf uD;&if? ajcvdrw
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tqD&,fzdef;? rSdef;wJhcsnfESihf? rMunforf;a0? xnfrif;yHkaevdkufw,f? EGm;a&jyefYtay:rSm?
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4/ erlemjy uAsmrsm;teuf oifEpS o
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65
uAsmq&m wifrdk;
tcef; (15)
aw;xyf
aw;xyft"dym ,f/
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aw;xyfpyfenf;/
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4 ydk'fcH? 2 ydk'ftkyfonf/ 'kwd,ydkif;wGif 2 ydk'fwuf? 2 ydk'fcH? 2 ydk'ftkyfonf/ wwd,ydkif;wGif 4
ydk'fcH? 2 ydk'ftkyfonf/ tm;vHk;aygif; 18 ydk'f&Sdonf/ tqHk;ydk'fwGif ]]av;}} [laom pum;vHk;jzifh
owf&onf/
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tm'd0peH? av;yd'k cf ?H trSeEf pS yf 'kd t
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aw;xyfpyfwwfatmif q&mBuD; pavOD;yknu enf;ay;cJo
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OD;ykn\enf;rSm ]]pyfrel nf;a&;vdyk gvQi?f aw;udo
k m&atmifusuyf gawmh? cufvzS ;l rsK;d od*gF ? pd;k &drEf iS hf
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kd Qif aw;xyftrsKd;rsKd;udo
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erlem
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66
yxrydkif;
(1/ aw;xyfukd PfqvdYk
(2/ MuHMuawmhpyfyHk
(3/ q,fh&Spfydk'f awGYMuHKvQif
(4/ tvHk;pHkjynfhjrJ/
(5/ tprSm ajcmufvHk;csDonf
(6/ qHk;avNyD ckepfESifhyJ/
+
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+
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rd;k rc rD',
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jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;
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2 ydk'fwuf (7/ ? ? ? onf? udkrSm
(8/ o'gudkrSwfpGJ/
2 ydk'fcH
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(10/ MuHcJvdkYpyfyg/
2 ydk'ftkyf (11/ owfajcmufaxG pyfajcmufyg;
(12/ rrSm;atmif MunfhMuav&m/
4 ydk'fcH
2 yd'k t
f yk f
wwd,ydkif;
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(14/ tcgcg mPfIvdkY
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(16/ uRrf;oifhvSay/
(17/ aw;xyf;kd olt
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----+
+ - - /
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- - (+) (+) - + +--+

- /
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um&efpepfudk yHkpHjzifhjyNyD;jzpf pmjzifh xyf&Sif;rjyawmhyg/ ausmif;ol ausmif;om;rsm;

em;Iyaf xG;rnfp;kd tus,frjyjcif; jzpfygonf/
aw;xyfonf apmif;? ywvm; paom wl&,
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opfaumif;tdrf (2009)? rdk;pJae (2009)? 0if;jrwf (2009)? avmt,fpdk; (2009)? cdkifrmausmfaZm (2009)?
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rdk;rc rD'D,m u xkwfa0cJhonfh pmtkyfESifh rSwfwrf;rsm; pm&if;

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(10) rdk;rc rD'D,m - aMu;rkH OD;aomif; (atmifAv) uG,fvGefjcif; - trSwfw& pmpkrsm; - pmtkyf? 2008
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(12) rdk;rc rD'D,m - a':atmifqef;pkMunf 63 ESpfajrmufarG;aeYyGJ a':rmrmat; *kPfjyKtpDtpOf - 'DAD'D
&kyfoHacG? 2008
(13) rdk;rc rD'D,m - [Hom0wD OD;0if;wif ESifh pme,fZif;aqmif;yg;rsm; - pmtkyf? 2008
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(trsKd;om;a&;oDcsif;opfrsm; ESifh EdkifiHawmfoDcsif; jyefvnfxkwfazmfrI)
(15) rdk;rc rD'D,m - wm&mrif;a0 trSwfw& pmpkrsm; - pmtkyf? 2009
(16) uAsmq&mBuD; (OD;) wifrdk; - jrefrmhb0? jrefrmh0ef;usifESihf jrefrmhuAsm pmwrf;? 2010
(17) atmifa0; - ta&;awmfykH&ifckefolrsm; tm&ftufzfat a&'D,dk aqmif;yg;rsm;? 2010
(18) rdk;rcrD'D,m - [Hom0wD OD;0if;wifeJY ar;cGef;rsm;? 2010
(19) a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ ESvHk;om;yHk&dyfrsm;? 2011
(20) pk 66 - a':atmifqef;pkMunf 66 ESpfajrmufarG;aeY trSwfw&? 2011
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(21) uAsmq&m wifrdk; - jrefrmuAsmzGJUenf;

U Tin Moe - How To Compose The Poems

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pmtkyfrSwfwrf;

rdk;rc pmpOf trSwf (21)

uAsmrsm;omjzpf ausmif;om;vli,frsm;taejzifh uAsmpyfenf;avhvm&if uAsmt&omudkyg

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rdk;rc rD'D,m pme,fZif;tzGJUu pDpOfxkwfa0onf

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atmufyg erlem;rsm;udk Munfyh g/

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