Voice of Dhamma - 2011

2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
THE S
UBL
de
my
2010-11 ynmoifESpfzGifhyGJtxdrf;trSwf ausmif;om;r*Zif;

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
TINE
IME DHA
MMA PREVAIL IN ITS PRIS
T
PURI
AR
994
E1
Y-C
oDw*ltoH
Gifted-men seize time and work as their opportunity. They make them great
and grand.
vlprG ;f aumif;wdUk onf tcsed Ef iS t

hf vkyu
f kd &Edik cf o
J nft
h cGit
hf a&;yrm pGNJ rpJ mG
qkyu
f ikd x
f m;Muonf/ if;wdUk onf xdt
k csed Ef iS t
hf vkyu
f kd tusK;d &Sad tmifom tok;H cs
Muonf/
(oDw*lq&mawmf)
1/ tvkyf
2/ vkyfcGifh
3/ vkyu
f ikd jf cif; qdo
k nft
h csuf (3) csuEf iS jhf ynfph aHk eorQ uREykf w
f Ukd uHaumif;
aeMuOD;rnfjzpfonf/ tvky&f adS omfvnf; vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf &Sv
d Qiaf omfvnf;aumif;? vkycf iG hf
&Sad omfvnf; tvkyrf &Sv
d Qiaf omfvnf;aumif; vkyu
f ikd jf cif; tjzpfoUkd ra&mufEikd o
f jzifh
uHraumif;ao;acs/ tvkyfa&m vkyfydkifcGifhyg&SdygvQuf rvkyfMuolrsm;onfvnf;
vufxJ&Sd jynfwefywjrm;udk "maoG;ausmufyrm xifrSwfolrsm;omjzpfonf/
rdrw
d Ukd uHaumif;Muonf/ uHaumif;oDw*la&muf? oDw*la&mufuHaumif;
onf/ ukov
kd v
f yk cf iG rhf sm;pGm&onf/ xdrk sm;pGmxJrS wpfcu
k m; pmtkyu
f jkd yKp
k q&m
awmf\ 74-ESpfajrmufarG;aeUudk ylaZmfvdkufEdkifjcif;yifjzpfonf/
,cifESpfpOf q&mawmf\arG;aeUylZmtxdrf;trSwftjzpf The Voice of
Dhamma ("rtoH) r*Zif;pmtkyr
f sm;xkwaf 0cJo
h nf/ odUk aomf taMumif; trsK;d rsK;d
aMumifh 3-ESpcf efUrxkwjf zpfyJ toHacwww
d o
f mG ;cJo
h nf/ ,cktcg xdw
k w
d o
f mG ;aom
toHudk jyefvnfEdk;MuGapvdkufNyD/
pmtkyw
f iG f jyifyuavmif&iS rf sm;ryg0ifyg/ oDw*lnt
D pfuakd rmifErS rsm;\
&ifwGif;jzpfpum;vkH;rsm;jzifhom zGJUpnf;xm;onfh oDw*lrS "rtoH oufoufom
jzpfygonf/ "rtoHwGif pum;ajymwwfp uav;toHrsm;vnf;ygonf/ ynm
oift&G,f Eke,fysKrd spaf omtoHrsm;vnf;ygonf/ ouf&,
G Bf u;D &ifh awG;ac:jrifo
h nfh
ynm&SiftoHrsm;vnf;yg0ifonf/ &opkHcHpm;Edkif&eftwGuf wifqufvdkufygonf/
MAY
THE S
UBL
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
TINE
IME DHA
T
PURI
"rRtoH
AR
994
E1
Y-C
BE .
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
SA G A ING
de
my
2538
u
ag
Sit
BE .
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
THE S
RITY
E PU
UBLIM
E DHAMMA PREVAIL IN ITS PRISTIN
AR
- CE
4
199
oDw*lurmAh 'k w
uov
kd f
ppfudkif;awmifdk;? ppfudkif;? zkef;-072-22065^21587
"mwfyHk
Email:sitagu01@mandalay.net.mm Website: www.sitagucenter.org
ausmif;0ifcGifhavQmufvTmykHpH
bGJU^trnf ................................ touf ..................odum ..............
omoem0ifômoemEG,f0if^rSwfykHwiftrSwf ................................................
ynmt&nftcsif; (tjrifhqkH;atmifjrifcJhaom pmar;yGJrsm; .......................................
.......................................................................................
atmifjrifcJhonfhckESpfESifh ausmif;wdkuf (ausmif;)
...............................................
........................................................................................
wuodkvfrS atmifjrifcJhaomtwef; (M.A) .............Year..ckHtrSwf .........ckESpf .........
(B.A) .............Year..ckHtrSwf .........ckESpf ..........

(Diploma) .............Level ckHtrSwf .........ckESpf ..........
wuodkvf\ausmif;om;(opfâ[mif;) ...........ckESpf ..........Reg. No. ..................
,ckae&mXme ...........................................................................
arG;zGm;&ma'o ...............jynfe,f^wdkif; ................NrdKU .............&yfuGufâus;&Gm
arG;ou&mZf ............ ckESpf ....................v ...........&uf ..................aeU
vlrsKd; ..................................................................................
omoemabmif0ifa&muf&ma'o .......................jynfe,f^wdkif; .....................NrdKU
........................&yfuGufâus;&Gm ......................................ausmif;wdkuf
omoemhabmifodkU0ifa&mufonfhtcsdef ..........ckESpf ............v .....&uf ..............aeU
OyZm,fq&m .............................................................................
OyZm,fq&m\vdyfpm ....................................................................
rdbtrnf ..............................................................................
if;wdkU\vdyfpm ..........................................................................
&[ef;'g,um+'g,dumrtrnf .............................................................
if;wdkU\vdyfpm ..........................................................................
qufoG,f&efvdyfpm
.....................................
.....................................
.................zke;f .................
Q
ud,
k w
f ikd v
f ufrw
S .f ....................
&ufpGJ ....................
vlyk*Kdvfrsm;onf rdbtkyfxdef;ol\ tyfESHpmESifh vufrSwfyg&Sd&rnf/
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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ddu
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/
11/
12/
13/
14/
15/
nI
nret
Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
52 .
M 83
T YA
TSIRP S
US EH
TI NI LIAVERP AMMAHD EMILB
oDw*lurmhAk'wuodkvf
ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm; vkdufem&ef
pnf;urfcsuf (15)
1/
2/
3/
4/
ug
ati
S
Student Magzine in Commemoration of 2010-11 Academic Year

ed
ym
tcsif;csif;tay: pdwfapwemaumif;xm;&Sd&rnf/
rdrdukd,fwkdif aumif;pGmusihfokH;aexkdif&rnf/
omoemjyefYyGm;apvkdaompdwf"mwf arG;jrL&rnf/
olwpfyg;tusdK;jyKvkyfief;ukd vkyfukdifvkdaompdwf"mwf
&Sd&rnf/
pmayukdjrwfEkd;aom pdwf"mwf&Sd&rnf/
&SmazG pl;prf;wDxGifvkdaom pdwf"mwf&Sd&rnf/
pmaywwfajrmufxl;cRefvkdaom pdwf"mwf&Sd&rnf/
jrifhjrwftxufwef;usonfukdom BuHpnfpdwful; &nf
&G,f&rnf/
rGefjrwftxufwef;usaom tvkyfrSeforQ rnfrQcufcJ
apumrl ravsmhaompdwf"mwfjzihf vkyfaqmif&rnf/
rdr\
d trSm;ukd olwpfyg;ujyKjyifay;vmvQif 0rf;ajrmufpmG
vufcH&rnf/
olwpfyg;\ trSm;ukv
d nf; rdru
d jrifvQif apwemaumif;
jzifh jyKjyifay;&rnf/
tajymtqkd taetxkdif oefY&Sif;oyf,yf&rnf/
vmboum& odavmuukd rarQmfbJ rdrdt&nftcsif;
jynfh0a&;ukdom arQmfrSef;&rnf/
vmboum& odavmuukdrarQmfbJ omoemh[dw y&
[dw vkyfukdifcGifhukdom arQmfrSef;&rnf/
"r0ed ,onf igwk\
Yd t&nftcsi;f avmuwp&d,onf
igwkdY\tcGifhta&;[k rSwf,l&rnf/
EB
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
THE S
UBL
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
TINE
IME DHA
T
PURI
"rRtoH
AR
994
E1
Y-C
Sitagu International Buddhist Academy
Students' Resolutions
We resolve:
1. To be good hearted to one another.
2. To live well by keeping the precepts.
3. To cultivate the will to propagate the Teaching
(Sasana).
4. To have the will better for the welfare of other
beings.
5. To have the will to love literature.
6. To have creative mind and curiosity.
7. To have the will to be learned.
8. To think highly of everything.
9. To carry out diligently all great and grand duties
no matter how difficult they are.
10. To accept gladly when others correct our mistakes.
11. To also correct other's mistakes with goodwill.
12. To behave properly in talking, sitting and eating
etc.
13. To become qualified ourselves but not for gain
and fame.
14. To get the only chance to do welfare of The
Sasana and of other beings but not for gain and
fame.
15. To believe that "The teachings and the discipline
are out qualification" and "Noble practice aiming
at the welfare of all beings is our opportunity".
ed
ym
R A M NA Y
499
1
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YTIR
UP E
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ac
At
sih
ddu
ug
ati
S
4
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
1372-ckEpS f yxr0gqdv
k qef; (7) &uf
(18,6,2010) aomMumaeU
nI
nret
Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
52 .
M 83
T YA
TSIRP S
US EH
EB
ppfuikd ;f awmif;kd ? oDw*lurmAh 'k w

uov
kd f
2010-11 ynmoifEpS f ausmif;zGiyhf EJG iS hf
ausmif;om;opfrsm;vufcBH uKd qykd JG
tcrf;tem;tpDtpOf
tcrf;tem;rSL;- a'gufwmoZe
1/ earmw r[mrPmr ok;H Burd &f w

G q
f b
kd &k m;&Scd ;kd tcrf;tem;udzk iG v
hf pS &f ef/
2/ oDw*lurmAh 'k w
uov
kd ?f vufaxmufarmuGe;f xde;f a'gufwmudwAd vu 2010-11 ynm
oifEpS w
f iG f ausmif;0ifciG &hf aom ausmif;om;rsm;pm&if;csKyu
f kd &Si;f vif;avQmufxm;&ef/
3/ oDw*lurmAh 'k w
uov
kd ?f ygarmucsKyq
f &mawmfu ausmif;om;opfrsm;tm; BuKd qEkd w
I cf eG ;f
quf pum;>rufMum;&ef/
4/ oDw*lurmAh 'k w
uov
kd ?f ygarmucsKyq
f &mawmfu 2009-10 ynmoifEpS w
f iG f Diploma
in Budhism Advanced wef;atmifjrifMuaom ausmif;om; ausmif;olrsm;tm; 'Dyvdr
k m
atmifvufrw
S rf sm; cs;D jriS &hf ef/
5/ oDw*lurmAh 'k w
uov
kd ?f armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmfu 2010-11 ynmoifEpS w
f iG f wuf
a&muf ynmoif,Ml urnfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;om;u'frsm; ay;tyf&ef/
6/ omoemydik 0f gqdq
k &mawmfb&k m;Bu;D xHrS Mo0g'uxm emMum;&ef/
7/ wdik ;f oHCmhem,u Ou| [Hom*D&d q&mawmfxrH S Mo0g'uxm emMum;&ef/
8/ oDw*lurmAh 'k w
uov
kd ?f armfueG ;f xde;f q&mawmfxrH S Mo0g'uxm emMum;&ef/
9/ oDw*lurmhAk'wuodkvf? vufaxmufygarmucsKyf a'gufwmpEmoD&du ausmif;om;
ausmif;olrsm;tm; wuov
kd w
f iG f vdu
k ef musio
hf ;Hk &rnfh ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk today;
ajymMum;&ef/
10/ q&mawmfBu;D rsm;tm; vSLbG,0f wKrsm; qufuyfvLS 'gef;&ef/
11/ taemufajrmufwikd ;f ppfXmecsKyf wdik ;f rSL Akv
d cf sKyjf rifph ;kd u omoema&;qdik &f m 0rf;ajrmuf
aMumif;pum; avQmufxm;&ef/
12/ oDw*lurmAh 'k w
uov
kd ?f t"dywd oDw*lq&mawmfxrH S ed*;Hk csKyMf o0g'uxm em,l&ef/
13/ oDw*lt"d|mef&w
G q
f
kd tcrf;tem;udk kyo
f rd ;f &ef/
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
THE S
UBL
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
TINE
IME DHA
T
PURI
AR
"rRtoH
994
E1
Y-C
oDw*lurmhAk'wuodkvf
vufaxmufarmfuGef;xdef;
a'gufwmudwdAv u
ynma&;qdkif&m avQmufxm;vTmrsm;
zwfMum;avQmufxm;pOf
wuokdvfrsm;\ orkdif;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh ynma&;qkdif&m avQmufxm;vTmygbk&m;

]]opfwpfyifaumif; iSufwpfaomif; ckdatmif;Ekdif&m\}} [laom jrefrmh
pum;ykHtwkdif; avmu tmZmenfac:aom vlpGrf;aumif;wkdYonf jzpfay:vmcJ
avonf? xkduJhokdY tmZmenfac:qkdxkdufaom vlpGrf;aumif;jzpfay:vmaom
trsdK;onf xkdvlpGrf;aumif;ukd trSDo[JjyK trsdK;rsdK;aom avmuDcsrf;om? avm
ukw&mcsrf;omrsm; cHpm;&av\[k &Sifawmfbk&m; a'oempmom;wpfck &SdcJhbl;
ayonf/ oDw*lq&mawmfb&k m;onf jrifjh rwfaom vlprG ;f aumif;wk\
Yd pdw"f gwfjzihf
Ekid if EH iS v
hf rl sKd ;wk\
Yd tusKd ;pD;yGm;? bmomomoemawmf\ tusKd ;pD;yGm;? wavmuvk;H \
tusdK;pD;yGm;? qif;&J'kua&muf pm;p&m 0wfp&m aep&m ckdukd;&mrJhaeMuonfh
owavmu&Sd vlom;tm;vkH;wkdY\ tusdK;pD;yGm;rsm;ukd pGrf;pGrf;wrH jznfhqnf;
BuKd ;pm;vkyu
f idk cf o
hJ nfrmS ,ckrsuaf rSmuf xif&mS ;a&mufonfh taqmuftODBu;D rsm;
ukd Munfhjcif;jzifh odomjrifom xif&Sm;ay:vGifvSayonf/
]]oDw*lO'u'ge-a&tvSLawmfprD u
H ed ;f }}? ]]oDw*ltm,k'ge-aq; tvSLawmf
pDru
H ed ;f }}? ]]oDw*l"r'ge-w&m;tvSLawmfprD u
H ed ;f }}? ]]oDw*lA'k wuov
kd -f ynmtvSL
awmfpDrHudef;}} [l pDrHudef;BuD;av;&yfwkdYukd 1342-ckESpf? uqkefvjynfh Ak'aeYrS
tpjyKvYdk 1372-ckEpS ?f 'DuaeYwidk af tmif wqifx
h ufwqifh wpfcNk y;D wpfck wk;d wuf
atmifjrifpmG tm;xkwBf uKd ;pm;cJo
h nfrmS oufwrf;tm;jzifh ESpaf ygif; (30) xJow
Ydk idk f
a&muf&SdcJhayNyD/
oDw*lurmAh 'k w
uov
dk Bf u;D ukd jrefrmESpf 1356-ckEpS ?f urmok;H ESpf 1994ckESpf uqkefvjynfh Ak'aeY wuodkvf\ OD;aqmifq&mawmfrsm; jzpfMuonfh
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
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YTIR
UP E
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At
sih
ddu
ug
ati
S

ed
ym
nI
nret
Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
52 .
M 83
T YA
TSIRP S
US EH
EB
oDw*lq&mawmf a'gufwmt&Si
f Pd& (Ph.D., D. Litt)? ygarmucsKyf q&mawmf
a'gufwmeErmvmbd0Ho (Ph.D)? armfuGef;xdef;q&mawmf a'gufwm y@dw0&m
Yd wnfaxmifchJ
bd0o
H (Ph.D)? tkycf sKyaf &;rSL;q&mawmf t&Sirf a[mo"y@dwwku
ygonf/ y"meOD;aqmifq&mawmfrsm;\ a&SUaqmifvrf;jy Mo0g'rsm;ukd cH,l
wuov
kd \
f 0efaqmifoC
H mhtzGUJ u wuov
kd u
f dk pDrt
H yk cf sKyaf &;ESihf ynma&;[l
tykdif;ESpfykdif;cGJum wuodkvfESifhqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyfaqmifaeMuygonf/
1996-ckESpfrS tpjyK wuodkvf\ ynma&;ukd t*Fvdyfpm'Dyvkdrmwef;rsm;?
Ak'"r'Dyvkdrmwef;rsm; jyXmef; pwifzGifhvSpfoifMum;ay;cJhMuygonf/
1996-ckESpfrSp ,ckESpf 2010-wdkifatmif (15) ESpfwm umvtwGif;
wuodkvfrS 'DyvkdrmbGJU&ausmif;om;aygif; (400) ausmftxd arG;xkwfay;cJh
NyD;jzpfygonf/ c&pfESpf 2004-ckESpfwGif bDat 0dZmwef;ukd (4) ESpf owfrSwfNyD;
wkd;csJUzGifhvSpfoifMum;ay;EkdifcJhygonf/ ,ckESpf 2010-wkdifatmif bDat-0dZmbGJU&
ausmif;om;aygif; 52-yg; txd wuov
kd rf S arG;xkwaf y;cJNh y;D jzpfygonf/ c&pfEpS f
2009-ckESpfwGif M.A r[m0dZmwef;ukd wkd;csJUzGifhvSpf oifMum;cJhygonf?? M.A
r[m0dZmwef;ukd (2) ESpf owfrSwf oifMum;cJhMuygonf/ ,ckESpfqkdvQif M.A
r[m0dZmwef; 'kwd,ESpfausmif;om; (14) OD;ESifh yxrESpfausmif;om; (13) OD;?
pkpkaygif; (27) OD; r[m0dZmwef;ukd wufa&muf ynmoifMum;vsuf&Sdygonf/
oDw*lurmhAk'wuodkvfonf t&nftaoG;rDS omoemhtmZmenfrsm;
arG;xkwfay;&if; te,fe,ft&yf&yf&Sd xl;cRefxufjrufaomyk*dKvfwkdYonf wp
xufwp wkd;wkd; pmayrsm;ukd avhvmqnf;yl;&ef oDw*lwuodkvfrsm;okdY
a&muf&SdvmcJhMuygonf/ wuodkvfonf acwfopfoifMum;enf;pepfwkdYjzihf
vlrIa&;tod? bmoma&;tod? ynma&;tod? taxGaxG A[kokwtod rsdK;pkHwkdYukd
acwfreD nf;jzihf wenf;qk&d aomf a&S;a[mif;ygVdpmayrsm;ukd acwfryD gVd oifMum;enf;
pepf bmoE&pum;&yfwkdYjzihf tawG;tac:ykdif;qkdif&m (Philosophical way)
'eduaA'usus? (Logical way) ,kwdaA'qefqef? (Psychological way)
pdwf"mwfjrifhwifa&;? ukd,fusifhw&m;aumif;rGef;a&qkdif&m bmomaA'ususwkdYjzifh
IaxmifhrsdK;pkHrS a0a0qmqm pkHpkHvifvif oifMum;ay;aeonfh owif;aumif;ukd
rsufarSmufacwf xl;cRefxufjruf ynmvkdvm; awmifhwaeMuonf acwfopf
ausmif;om;rsm;em;wGif;okdY tqifhqifh Mum;odcGifh&aeayonf/
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
THE S
UBL
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
TINE
IME DHA
T
PURI
AR
"rRtoH
994
E1
Y-C
okdYtwGufaMumihf NrdKUBuD;jyBuD; aexkdifoDwif;okH;Muaom &[ef; omraP

oDv&Sifrsm; Ak'pmayrsm;ukd acwfrDonfh bmoE&bmom&yfwkdYjzihf tvG,fwul
oif,El idk &f ef &nf&,
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f oDw*lurmAh 'k w
uov
kd \
f XmecGt
J jzpf oDw*lA'k w
uov
kd ?f
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wk;d csUJ zGiv
hf pS o
f ifMum;ay;cJyh gonf/ ,ckEpS q
f v
dk Qif &efuek f oDw*lynma&;Xmeonf
(4) ESpx
f o
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f wGi;f Ak'" r'yD vkrd m atmifvuf
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f iG f &efuek f
oDw*lA'k w
uov
kd f wufa&mufynmoifMum;Muaom ausmif;om; &[ef;awmfrsm;
rSm - Advanced -41 yg;? Intermediate 45 yg;? Elementary 31 yg;? pkpkaygif; 117
yg;wkdY 2010-11 ynmoifESpf (&efukef) oifMum;vsuf&Sdaeayonf/
xkdYenf;wlpGm oDw*lAk'wuodkvf? rEav;ukdvnf; 1371-ckESpf? ,ref
ESpfup wkd;csJUzGifhvSpfcJhygonfbk&m;/ ,ckESpf rEav; oDw*lAk'wuodkvf
wufa&mufynmoifMum;Muaom &[ef; omraP oDv&Sifrsm;rSm - Intermediate
- 72 yg;? Elementary - 74 yg;? pkpa
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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23
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
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E1
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
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29
994
E1
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
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SA G A ING
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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trsm;Bu;D 0rf;omygw,f/ 'DxufyNdk y;D awmhrS 0rf;omtm;&jzpf&wmuawmh 'Dtcrf;
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q&mawmfBuD;&JU wefzkd;rjzwfEkdifwJh Mo0g'pum;awG? wkdif;oHC em,uq&mawmf
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trSmpum;awG? vufaxmufarmfuGef;xdef;q&mawmf ajymMum;wifjycsufawGukd
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2538
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E1
Y-C
vlyk*dKvfrsm; twGufa&m tifrwefrS wefzkd;rjzwfEkdifwJh pum;awGjzpfygw,f/

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taeeJYvnf;yJ pmoifom; oDv&Sifrsm;taeeJYvnf;yJ ckewkef;u q&mawmfBuD;
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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awG&JUMo0' rSmMum;csufawGukd em,lNyD;awmh qufvufNyD;awmh BudK;pm;aqmif&Guf

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ed*kH;csKyftaeeJY avQmufxm;vkdwmuawmh oDw*lq&mawmfBuD;taeeJY
jrefrmEkdifiHwGifomrubJ urmrSmyg omoemjyKvkyfief;awGukd ukd,fpGrf; PfpGrf;
&Sdoavmuf aqmif&Gufaewmukd awGU&Sd&ygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJh qm;awmifrSm rsufpd
tp&SdwJh taxGaxGaq;kHzGifhyGJrSmvnf;yJ bk&m;wynhfawmftaeeJY avQmufxm;cJh
bl;ygw,f/ tJawmh 'DuaeYvnf;yJ q&mawmfBuD; EkdifiH&yfjcm;rSm <uGNyD; omoem
jyKaewmuaeNyD;awmhrS 'grMumao;cif&ufykdif;uyJ jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmwm
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twkdif;rod 0rf;omtm;&rdygw,f/ wynfhawmfwkdY ppfukdif;wkdif; taeeJYvnf;yJ
q&mawmfBu;D &JU Mo0g'eJY tnD tckqv
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2538
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994
E1
Y-C
oDw*lt"dywd
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atmifyef;ukdvSrf;ukdifNyD;awmh wkdif;jynfeJYomoemtusdK;ukd aqmif&GufEkdifygapvkdY
a&S;OD;pGmarwmjyKygw,f/
'DuaeY tcrf;tem;[m Fresher Welcome eJY Certificate ay;wJh tcrf;tem;?
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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usi;f yoGm;wmjzpfjcif;aMumifh ESpef m&DMumoGm;wm/ tJ'gaMumifh q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D

rsm; yifyef;awmfrl&if cGifhvGwfawmfrlMuygvkdY bk&m;wynfhawmf awmif;yefygw,f/
tm;vkH; q&mawmfoHCmawmfrsm;? txl;ojzifh omoemykdif q&mawmf
bk&m;BuD; trSL;xm;wJh ygarmucsKyf? armfuGef;xdef;? vufaxmuf ygarmucsKyf?
vufaxmufarmfueG ;f xde;f wkYd rdeMYf um;wJph um;awGudk wynfah wGtm;vk;H em;axmifNy;D
MuNyD/
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avvnf;xefw,f? a&vnf;oefw,f jrpfwpfpif;rSmoGm;ae wJhavSwpfpif;[m
aemufutxdef;yJhuav;ygrS/ rif;wkdYigwkdY&JUb0[m &HcgrSm avxefw,f? &HcgrSm
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uvsmPykxZk Oftqifah &mufMuNy/D tJawmh q&mawmfBu;D u uvsmPykxZk Oftqifh
a&muf v mMuwJ h rif ; wk d Y i gwk d Y University Education a&muf c grS tE y k x k Z Of
jyefrjzpfMuapeJ?Y AmvykxZk Ofjyef rjzpfMuapeJw
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wawGudkajymw,f - tbd"rm rwwf&if edAmefr&Ekdifbl;? tvGefwefzkd;&SdwJh
pum;wpfvkH;? tJ'gaMumifh tbd"rmqkdwm bmvJqkdwm wkdYwuodkvf ausmif;om;
a[mif;awGawmh tukefvkH;odvdrfhr,f/ tbd"rmqkdwJht"dyg,f [m - The true
nature of our mental, physical body structure rif;wkdYigwkdY&JU b0cEmzGJUpnf; wnf
aqmufykH&JU t&Sdobm0 Realistic nature, trSef obm0 true nature, tJ'gukd
rif;wkdYtm;vkH; em;vnfatmif? em;vnfxm;NyD;wJh todawGukd aysmufroGm;atmif?
2538
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"rRtoH
41
994
E1
Y-C
tJ'gawGukd xdef;xm;Ekdifatmif? Preservation of your knowledge aygh? tJ'gukd

wkd;oGm;atmifqkdvkdY&Sd&if Promotion of your knowledge aygh? ,kwfrmwJhtawG;
tac:awG 0ifrvmatmifvnf;yJ Protection of your knowledge aygh? tJ'DokH;csuf
pkHNyDqkdawmhrS Propagation avmuukd jzefYcsdEkdifMu&r,f/
armfuGef;xdef;q&mawmf? rEav;y&d,wdomoewuokdvf&JU ygarmucsKyf
q&mawmf a'gufwmy@dw0&mbd0Houawmh - avmu BuD;ukd jrifwwf&r,f?
jrifNy;D vk&Yd if ,loifw
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h m y,f 'gajymwm/ avmaum owmermapa&m?
tw m ew y 'aum? avmuBuD ; u aeY w k d i f ; ES p f c k j yw,f ? tw e J Y t ew
'DESpfckukdjyw,f/ aeYwkdif; urmavmurSm 'gawG&Sdw,f? twqkdwm tusdK;&Sd?
tewu tusKd ;rJ?h urmrSm aeYwidk ;f tJ'gawGudk jrifatmifMunf&h r,f/ Ak'& iS af wmfu
urmavmuBuD;ukd apmifha&SmufawmfrlzkdY wpfaeY ajcmufBudrfMunfhw,f? rif;wkdY
ESpfBudrfavmuf awmh Munfhaygh? What is happening in the world today? tusdK;rJh
bmawG jzpfaevJ? bmaMumihf tusKd ;rJah wG jzpfMuovJ/ tusKd ;&Sb
d mawGjzpfaeovJ?
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tJ'gaMumihf wkrYd sm;ajymw,f - wuov
kd q
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r[kwfygbl;/ aemufpum;wpfvkH;&Sdw,f avmaum owmermapa&m? The whole
world is our teacher, urmavmuBuD;[m rif;wkdYigwkdY&JU q&myJ/ wuodkvfuawmh
'gwHcg;aygufyJa[hvkdY jykHyJ jyr,f? ukd,hfzmom0if oGm;&rSm/ 'gvrf;aMumif;a[hvkdY
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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rmpwmqkdwm pmay&JUt&SifocifyJ/ q&moifay;wmyJ arQmfae? q&moifray;&if
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bDateJY trfraf teJY yDtyd cf sf 'DeYJ b,fwu odv
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r&bl;bl;? b,frmS oifxm;vJ? avmuBu;D xJoifxm;wmyJaemf/ tJ'gaMumifh rsuv
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the eye of wisdom, &S&
d r,f? aemufwpfcek m; the ear of wisdom, rif;wkt
Yd m;vk;H &S&d r,f/
Mum;wwf&r,f? jrifwwf&r,f/ tJ'g[m rif;wkdY&JU q&morm;yJ/ urm avmu
wpfckvkH;[m ighwkdY\q&morm;/ urmavmuBuD;onf aeYwkdif; bmeJYbm jyaevJ?
tw tew tusdK;&Sd tusdK;rJhawGukd jyaew,f/ jrifatmifMunfhNyD;awmh
tewuzdk ,fxm;Ny;D twu,
kd o
l mG ;&if tm;vk;H b0yef;wkid u
f dk a&mufMurSmjzpfygw,f/
aemuf wkdYwkdif;Ou| [Hom*D&dq&mawmfBuD;urdefYw,f- ([Hom*D&d
q&mawmf oufawmf[m 70 awmfawmfausmfoGm;NyDwJh/ ighxuf 3-ESpfBuD;w,f/)
Z&m'kAvjzpfNyDwJh/ Mum;w,fr[kwfvm;? Z&mqkdwm 'Dkyf cEmBuD;aqG;oGm;NyD/
'kAvu weakness, physically weak, mentally weak, tm;enf;oGm;NyD/ tJ'Dvkd
a&S;a&S;u ppfuidk ;f awmif&UJ rD;SL; wefaqmif jzpfawmfrMl uwJh q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D awG
ckvkdZ&m'kAv- kyftm; emrftm; pdwftm; Pftm;awG csdeJYvmwJh tcsdefrSm
rif;wkdYwawGukd q&mawmf BuD;u bmajymvJ? tm;ukd;yg&apwJh/ odyfxdckdufapwJh
pum;wpfvkH;yJ? rif;wkdYwawG tm;ukd;&ma&mufatmif vkyf&r,f? a&S;uvlBuD;awG
wnfaqmufoGm;wJh b0ynmAdrmefBuD;wpfck? a&S;uvlBuD;awGwnf axmifoGm;wJh
omoemhtaqmuftODBu;D wpfc?k vlraI &;? bmoma&;? omoema&;? ynma&;qkw
d hJ
'DAdrmefBuD;ukd rif;wkdYwawG [Hom*D&d q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;rdefYovkd wkdYawmh
Z&m'kAvjzpfvkdY wkdYukd,fwkdY renf;o,fae&NyD? rvkyfEkdifawmhbl;? tJawmh rif;wkdY
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
THE S
UBL
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
TINE
IME DHA
T
PURI
AR
"rRtoH
43
994
E1
Y-C
wawGukd tm;ukd;yg&ap/ tm;ukd;&ma&mufatmif aqmif&GufMu? You must be the

benefactor of the Buddha-Sasana, Ak'omoemawmf&JU aus;Zl;&SifawGjzpfatmif
BudK;pm;Mu? You must be the constructer of human life, vl U b0uk d zG J U pnf ;
wnfaqmufwJhyk*dKvfawGjzpfatmif BudK;pm;Mu? You must be the supporter of the
moemawmf&UJ taxmuf tyHjh zpfol awGjzpfatmif BuKd ;pm;Mu?
Buddha-Sasana, Ak'o
You should not be the destroyer of the Buddha-Sasana, Ak'omoemukd zsufwJh
yk*dKvfawG rjzpfatmifawmha&SmifMu? tJ'gukd wkdif;Ou|q&mawmfu ,Of,Of
aus;aus;av;ajymoGm;wm? wkaYd wmh Z&m'kAv
jzpfvYdk rvkyEf idk af wmhb;l ? rif;wkv
Yd il ,f
awG ukdyJ tm;ukd;yg&apawmhwJh? tm;vkH;yJ omoemawmfua&m? wkdif;jynfua&m?
'um 'umrawGuyg tm;ukd;&ma&mufatmif aqmif&GufMuygvkdY wkdufwGef;&if;
wkdif;Ou|q&mawmf&JU rdefYcGef;eJYyJ 'DuaeY ausmif;zGifhyGJ ausmif;pmoifESpf&JU ESpfOD;
vufaqmifpum;ukd 'DrSmwif ed*kH;csKyfygw,f/
tm;vkH; Character is power, bkef;wefckd;BuD;csif&if tusifhaumif;&r,f/
tusifhysuf&if b,fawmhrS wefckd;rBuD;bl;/ aemufwpfcsuf - Character is confidence, q&mawmfBuD;&JU ,kHMunfrI? 'um'umrawG&JU ,kHMunftm;ukd;rI? EkdifiHawmf
pDrHtkyfcsKyfwJh vlBuD;awG&JU ,kHMunfrI&atmif rif;wkdY bmvkdvJ Character, uk,
d u
f sihf
w&m;yJ? tusifhysuf&if rif;wkdY b,folrS ,kHrSm r[kwfbl;/ Character is the capital
of mankind, okr
Yd [kwf poor man, qif;&JwyhJ *k Kd vaf wG&UJ t&if;tES;D [m uk,
d u
f siw
fh &m;
yJ? ikHrdatmif tukefajym&if - vlUb0&JUt&if;tESD;[m ukd,fusihfw&m; character,
yJ/ tusifhysuf&if b0rSmt&if;tESD;r&Sdawmhbl;? rGJNyD/ tJ'gaMumifh 'Dtcsuf
okH;csuf[m wkdY Missionary rSm igrMumrMumoifaewJh pmtkyfxJu tJ'Dpmtkyf
library rSm&Sdvdrfhr,f? pmtkyfemrnfu Pushing to the front, wJh? tJ'g library oGm;
zwfjzpfatmif zwfMuaemf?
ed*kH;csKyftaeeJY okH;csufrSwf - Character is power, character is confidence,
character is the capital of life, b0t&if;tES;D vnf; vka
H vmufygap? wpfavmuvk;H
u ,kMH unfpw
d cf s&wJh yk*Kd vaf wGvnf; jzpfawmfrMl uygap? tm;vk;H vnf;yJ bke;f wefc;dk
BuD;awmfrlMuygapvkdY wkdufwGef;Mo0g'ay;NyD;awmh ed*kH;csKyfygNyD? tm;vkH; oDw*l
pef;vyrm csrf;jrom,m&SdMuygapukefownf;/
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
EC
-
YTIR
UP E
NI
ac
At
sih
ddu
ug
ati
S

ed
ym
44
nI
nret
Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
52 .
M 83
T YA
TSIRP S
US EH
EB
oDw*lt"d|mef&Gwfqdk tcrf;tem;udk atmifjrifpGm&kyfodrf;cJhMuonf
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
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tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
THE S
RITY
E PU
UBLIM
"rRtoH
AR
- CE
45
4
199
oDw*lurmhAk'wuodkvft"dywd oDw*lq&mawmftm;
*kPfjyKylaZmftyfaom
npOfy0if; vrif;ax&fSif
xyfwGefU eabpyf &Spfq,fay: aw;xyf
usrf;pHkurf;ukef rTrf;xHkqifY
pGrf;[kefjrifh aiGvtoGif
vQrf;*kPfwifh tajcvSpifMu,f
ax&fq&mhtSif a&mifawmfxGef;/
]]a&tvSLay;iS aEGtylajr;rc
jynfZrLat;jr}} jrwfq&max&fonf
rjywfnmaMu "rpnfoHkdufcwfaqmfGrf;(ef;)/
]]urmcGifajrtESHU o'g,SOfajcqefU
yPmwifaxGysHU}} vlUw0Srf;b0ifqD
O'gef;wGifNyD atmifarmfuGef;/
SLrcef;&TifMunf awmifawmfw0Srf;(ef;)rSmv
aqmifazmfnGef;vdkU tvif;"rudka0/
aq;kH wuodkvf wnfaxmifjyKygvdkU
jynfaxmifpk tarSmifxkNzdKzsufay/
]]tjypfroDoabmoef; ESpftqDa&m>yrf;
acwfrDa[mvrf;}} a'oemtpOfudk
aocsmt&Sif a[mnGefjyvdkU
oabmtvGefus em&olwdkUrSm
b,mrc tylwdkUuGm...
]]aAm"DvsmwrQ raemtMunfyom'
aAsmpnfompG}} a'oemtoHonf
]]txifu&tqif;vS tpOfn0if;y
ajryxjAmvQH atmifaMumif;jzmcJhav;.../
t&Sifvrif;u}} nwdkif;omonf
]]w&m;aumif;oHjr trSm;rapmif;rmefcs
urmhordkif;rSm vGefxl;ygbdav;.../
bk&m;-ausmif;-ueftvS}} rjywftwnfvSLjyD
]]q&mawmfax&ftwGuf b,marmfayGrzuf
jrwfoDw*lonf urmvTrf;ausmfcJhav;.../
&mausmfSnftouf}} txd aumif;ae&ef
wynfhaygif;awGtrSef
qkawmif;onfbk&mhav;.../ /
oDw*l-ukdok
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
EC
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ug
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S

ed
ym
46
nI
nret
Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
uydv0wKrS
oHa0*uxm
&r okb? ok&r[k

eef;rokH;aqmif? a&Ta&mif0if;0if;
wifhw,fjcif;jzihf? avmif;rif;od'wf
aAm"dowf\? ae&yfppfrSef
xD;jzLcHonfh? pH&mXme
uydv0wK? jynf[kxif&Sm;
wkdif;um;ou? omuD,wkdY
bkd;bpOfquf? rysufpOfvm
0womokdY? yrmwlEIdif;
wHwkdif;jyom'f? eef;&yfOuif
rk'f0ifrk'fxGuf? ajyvsufnDnm
oGm;omvrf;us,f? xnfxnf0g0g
0J,mpkd;rkd;? NrdKUkd;wHcg;
ywfvnfxm;vsuf?
q,fyg;aomtoH
w&Hrqdwf? jynfhodyfvlae
pnfum;ayaom
ya0;a&S;u uydv0wf/
tmkH,l pdwfrSnGwf/
rSef;qvGrf;& uydv0wf/
zGm;yGifha[mpH? oHa0Zed,
av;XmeokdY? ukovt[kef
MurmqkH? a&mufwkHaomckduf
a&mufpOfBudKuf0,f?
a&mufxkdufaomavsmuf
wpfaxmufrem;? ta&mufoGm;cJh
wkdYrsm;,aeY? jrifawGUvkduf&
uydvum;? e,fjcm;&Gmi,f
0Hhxnfr&Sd? awm\obm0
aygif;jrufx? eef;rvnf;aysmuf
vrf;vnf;aysmufaygh?
csifhaxmufzG,f&m
qkdp&m[k? [kdrSmwpfpk?
onfwpfckESifh? &SdpkrJhpk?
az:TefjyK&ef? ajc&mcH
vdkufvHMunfhrd? rcsdwifuJ
udkif;awmxJ? az:uGJ&SmMu?
jrwfAk'\? arG;zrdcif?
t&SifESpfyg;? trSwftm;jzifh?
wnfxm;ESpfql? apwD*ludk?
,lrdoHa0? pdwfukdajz?
ig;axG*g&0? oupjzifh
OD;csjrwfEkd; uRef&Sdckd;/
q,fpkHvuf,Suf xdyfrSmrkd;/
oHa0*jzifh w&m;ysdK;/
/
Munfatmif (auwkrwD)
a*gwrbk&m;avmif; od'wrif;om;\
Zmwdae&yfjzpfaom uydv0wK NrdKUa[mif;ukd
uAsmjzihf a&mf&rf;rSef;q *kPfjyK&ygonf/
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
THE S
RITY
E PU
UBLIM
"rRtoH
AR
- CE
47
4
199
vrif;bk&m; (odkU) oDw*lq&mawmf
ysKd&G,faoG;MuG? i,fpOfurl?
igESifh igom? EIdif;p&m[k?
ynmrkef,dk? rqdkpavmuf?
rmefapmifajrmufcJhrdygonf/
,ckrSmrl?
Z&mrkef;? vlvkH;rvS?
&GwfwG,Gif;,dk? cEmudk,fESifh?
tdkBuD;tdkr? ighb0onf?
rvSry &SdcJhNyD/
avmu"mwfqkH;? aevkH;uG,faysmuf?
narSmifa&mufodkU? rSJUajymuf,Sufjzm?
ighcEmvnf;? rMumwdrfjrKyf?
ZD0defcsKyfbdkU? rvIyfvQufom?
0dZmPfuif;? todzsif;vQuf?
aorif;ac:u? vdkufyg&rnf?
b0ae0ifcsdefygwum;/
xdkpOfcdkuf0,f -vIdufvSJarwm? ukPmESifh?
Muifemoem;? vrif;bk&m;vQif?
ightm;csD;ajrSmuf? MuGvma&mufpOf?
tpa,m ar baE tpm*rm?
tpjzmvQuf?
usef;vm&SdrSef? awmif;yefavQmufxm;?
ighpum;udk?
0k'ad [om tm,wd H oH0&? rdeUf [pum;?
cG e f ; wk H U Mum;vQuf ? jrG u f x m;qk H ; r?
Mo0g'udk?
wkyfuGempOf? tod0if?
&ifwGifyDwd? *Grf;qDxdodkU?
&Tef;tda0jzm? b,mauGuGif;?
igh&ifwGif;0,f?
vrif;bk&m; vif;cJhNyD/
atmf -taemufzufqD? ae0ifNyDrdkU?
a&mifeDNydK;jyuf? rvif;vufvnf;?
a&SUzufqDrS? aomfwmv onf?
&Tef;y 0if;vufcJhNyDwum;/ /
wynfh a'gufwmMoo"om&
tar&duefjynfaxmifpk
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
EC
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Y TI R
ac
At
sih
ddu
UP E
NI
TSIRP S
ug
ati
S

ed
ym
48
nI
nret
Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
bBuD;pH (oDw*l)
jrwfppfuikd ;f awmif
AsKid ;f a&mifjzLazG;?
awmif;kd ay: apwDvw
S Ukd
zl;r0ao;/
jrpdr;f aumif;a&mif
a'gif;awmifoUkd av;?
yifrsK;d pkH tyGiyhf ef;awGeUJ
pdr;f vef;MuLarT;/
rd;k xufjrif,
h H
vGiyhf sw
H hJ "raw;?
acsmifwikd ;f ae olawmfaygif;wdUk
aumif;cs;D oHay;/
jrpfwiG ;f a&Munf
aejcnfaMumifah EG;?
oDw*l q,f,u
l myufzse;f awmh
csr;f jrjrat;/
jrpfaMumv,facgif
aomifjyifxufav;?
iSupf ifa&mf Muifazmfwv
JG Ukd
0JysaH eao;/
[d;k wke;f u vGiw

f ;D acgif
awmifajc&JUab;?
,ckrl tEktvSawGeUJ
Ir0ao;/
vSr;f vSnyhf gaemf

ac:vdu
k cf siaf o;?
ykn&Siaf pwDx;l udk
uG,.f . .
zl;&atmifav;/ /
bBu;D pH (oDw*l)
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
THE S
RITY
E PU
UBLIM
"rRtoH
AR
- CE
49
4
199
vrf;nTefol
1/ {&m&pf0kdif; ppfudkif;awmifqD?
6/ &Sifawmfbk&m; wnfxm;omoem?
ausmif; uef bk&m; aygrsm; pHknD/
qufvufwnfa&;arQmfawG;Munfom/
xdefvQH awmufy zl;r0a&mifjcnf?
udk,fwkdifpHjyK aemifjyK&wem?
olawmftaygif; udef;atmif;a0a0pnf/
om;pOfquf qufvufarG;jrLvm/
2/ awm&dyfawmif&yf wdwfqdwfNidrfonf?
olawmfw&m; yGm;rsm; csdefrD (rSD)/
tm0go abmZe rQwpHknD?
a&wpfyg; vGef&Sm;cJhavNyD/
7/ ppfudkif;yifr wnfxwuodkvf?
ref;+&efukefvnf; vufcGJqufBudK/
om;Zmenfrsm; arG;zGm;xdkxdk?
oDw*lum; xl;jcm;*kPfydkrdk/
3/ olawmfESvHk; &TifNyHK;aprnf?
8/
awmifdk;ajcmufcrf; pdef;vef;aprnf/
{&ma&prf; xufvTrf;apNyD?
awmifawmfxuf vTrf;wuf jrpfa&Munf/
4/ pNEuefausmuf xda&muf pEm?
a&Munfat;jr jzmusyrm/
oDw*lvrif; arSmifcGif;ay:vm?
awmifppfudkif; acsmifwkdif; ysHYESHYjzm/
5/ zsm; em rsufpd p&SdaxGaxG?
a&m*gaysmufa&; raES;ay;a0/
aq;Hkajrmufrsm; aqmufxm; jrefajy
(jynf)?
wlol&Sm; xl;jcm;q&max&f/
bkef;uHjynhfarmufxGef;awmuf*kPf0g?
Zmenfom;rsm; xif&Sm;ay:vm/
0efudk,fpDxrf; &Tifvef;Munfom?
zcifu &Tef;yyDwdjzm/
9/ omoem&SnfcHh wnfwHhapaomf?
q&mawmfax&fvnf; &SnfNrJ&mausmf/
jynfwGif; jynfy "ra&mifawmf?
qxufwdk; jzefYrdk;Edkifapaomf/
/
ZGJxuf (E,G)
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
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1
EC
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ac
At
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TSIRP S
avmu0#f oHo&m
0#foHo&m
oligup
owr[kwf
emrf&kyfESpfoif;
t&if;0dZm
Z&mr&P
"rtjym;
um; olyif
txifvGJvQuf
0#fEG,frnf\
teEum;
jrLrQruGuf
oufouf'ku
b0odkY jzpf\wnf;/
&SnfrifpGm
jriforQum;
"mwfrSefxkwfaomf
tjrifvif;avmh
xkdrSjzm
tqkH;usonf
q,fhESpfyg;ukd
vQif igyJ
w0Jvnfvnf
&SnfavorQ
okcr[l
tqufqufvQif
"mwfrSef&onf
0DvQH 0if;xl;
wHwm;OD; (o-r-b)
ug
ati
S

ed
ym
50
nI
nret
Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
THE S
RITY
E PU
UBLIM
- CE
51
"rRtoH
AR
4
199
oHo&m
wPSmajcmufrnf
t&Snfrsm;vsm;
av;yg;trSef
cEmum,
umrtmkH
tukefESD;&if;
toif;yGm;rsm;
ponftjzmjzm
t&if;wnfvsuf
tpOfyGm;u
Oyg'gefvnf;
tZswESifh
tvkH;pkH
tpGJjyif;\
om;r,m;u
rqkH;&mwnf; . . ./
0if;vIdifOD;
wHwm;OD; (o-r-b)
oDw*l
jynfoltrsm; vGeftm;xm; pdwfxm;pifjzL
oDw*l?
w&m;a&at; tNrdKufaq; wkdufauR;aeol oDw*l?
tm,k'ge wdudp v,aq;vSL
oDw*l?
awmifdk;aysmf rsm;olawmf NyHK;aysmfapol
oDw*l?
acsmifwkdif;udka& rkd;odkYapG vef;a0apol
oDw*l?
Ak'omoemurmjyefYzdkY ax&f&SifwdkY arG;vdkYaz;ul oDw*l?
trsm;tusKd;o,fydk;vsufom ajrurm aumif;pGm<uol oDw*l/
wuodkvf bkef;a0
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
0okeaf vjrL;
&Tijf rL;&Tiv
f ef;
oGe;f jzef;aiG&nf
em;&nfcsd KpG
rSe;f q&nfoef
tmoefqE
r[vufq,f
em;0,foo
aomw&Siaf ygif;
pdwaf umif;0ifvsuf
ig\kyu
f dk
owd0ifvsuf
igraESmbJ
jzpfoiho
f monf
w&m;cvsuf
jrwftaejzihf
aumif;atmifBuKd ;
wnfaprif; . . ./
EC
-
Y TI R
UP E
NI
ac
At
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ddu
TSIRP S
ug
ati
S

ed
ym
52
nI
nret
Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
0gqkOd ;D 0,f
jrwfouFe;f ESifh
a&pufwnfonf
jrwf"rEiS hf
jynfeAd m efudk
BuKd ;vkv
YH jzihf
qkyef&,
G Nf y;D
yefqifMuol
qifu
h mavmif;csif
igxifr[kwf
jzpfcsKy
f PfpOf
cifrifrufarm
ra&muk,
d u
f mG
aumif;pGmrkcs
ig;0oDav
aumif;appnfNzKd ;
aumif;usKd ;uk,
d f
a&wHceG af v;
'kw,
d ESp?f bDat
2538
MAY
u
ag
Sit
BE .
de
my

SA G A ING
In
ca
ter
tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
THE S
RITY
E PU
UBLIM
"rRtoH
AR
- CE
53
4
199
teE ykc;Hk wpfzuf

tqif;o@mefr&Sd
bmqkb
d mrS rodcifuwnf;u
aoG;qkw
d hJ yDwed YJ
cspv
f mcJw
h ,f/
]]tl0}J } qkw
d t
hJ oH?
b0*fnaH p&efvnf;
cg;csad tmifBuKd &mS
aeYntcgawGqw
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2538
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SA G A ING
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69
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
apcJhonf}}[k ajzawmfrlcJhygonf/
avmuBu;D wpfcv
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k ;Hk rSm ypn;f Opm &mxl;
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EC
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Y TI R
UP E
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ac
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52 .
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2538
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SA G A ING
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
EC
-
Y TI R
UP E
NI
ac
At
sih
ddu
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52 .
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a&S;OD;pGm ajymMum;vdkygonf/
2538
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
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UP E
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2538
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
y&r'ku&H [k &Sifawmfbk&m; rdefYqkdxm;

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2538
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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armpGm qif;vmcJhMuygonf/
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SA G A ING
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M Y AN M
THE S
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E PU
UBLIM
"rRtoH
AR
- CE
99
4
199
xdktcsdefrSmawmh wpfaeUwpfrsdK;
rdk;&atmif &Sdwmav;awGudk BuHzef
azsmNf y;D azsm&f nfuyfaeMujzpfwhJ a0,sm
0p'umrBuD; nDtpfr ESpfa,mufu
vnf; tazsm&f nfy;kH cGuaf v;awGeUJ twl
opfyifBuD;awG tkHUqkdif;aewJh rD;a&mif
cyfazsmah zsmah tmufrmS rdrw
d Ukd bk&m;0wf
wuftNy;D udk pdw&f n
S pf mG apmifv
h suaf ygh/
ausmif;om; &[ef;awmfrsm;tm;vH;k azsmf
&nfbkOf;ay;NyD; udk,fpDudk,fpD taqmif
toD;oD;odUk jyefvmcJMh uygonf/xdt
k cdu
k f
tif;..ig aqmif;yg; wpfapmifavmuf
awmh a&;OD;rSyJ[kawG;NyD; &nf&G,fcJhyg
onf/ xdkuJhodkU&nf&G,fxm;cJhjim;aomf
vnf; wu,fhwu,f a&;r,fBuHawmh
b,fuaepNyD; b,fvdka&;&rvJ? b,f
taMumif;t&mudk OD;wnfNyD;? b,fvdk
acgif;pOfay;&rvJqw
kd m a0cGrJ & jzpfc&hJ
ygonf/
tenf;i,f MumvGefoGm;cJhygonf/
ao&nf[kqdkaomfvnf; rl;,pf
arhavsmjh cif;\taMumif; (rZyr m'|me)
tm;jzifh wlnDaom bdef;taMumif;udk
tenf;i,fajymvdyk gonf/ bde;f (opium)
[lonf poppy yifrS qif;ouf vmaom
rl;,pfaq;wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ Opium is a
drug that derived from the poppy plant.
,if ; bd e f ; (opium) tok H ; jyKjcif ; ud k

ordkif;rwdkifrDxuf ydk a0;uGmvSaom
tcsdefuwnf;u pwifcJhonf/ ,if;
bdef;yif (opium poppy) \ taphrsm;
(seeds) ESit
hf oD;rsm; (pods) udk Neolithic
age odkUr[kwf New Stone Age [laom
B.C 8000 rS B.C 5500 xd wqufwnf;
jzpfaom ausmufacwfopf uwnf;u
Switzerland EdkifiH&Sd a&S;a[mif;okaw
oe iSg;&rf;wku
d cf ef; wpfcrk mS pwifawGU&Sd
cJhonf/ Alcohol odkU r[kwf 0kP? odkU
r[kwf ok&m? odkUr[kwf ao&nft&uf
udkrlum; rnfonfhacwf? rnfonfhckESpf
uwnf;u pwifawGU&SdcJh? jyKvkyfcJhonf
[lum; twdtus ajym r&Edkifay/
xdkuJhodkUrajymEdkifaomfvnf; jrwfAk'
a[mawmfrlcJhaomaMumifh tcsdef tcg
t&dyt
f >rufrQEiS hf pwifay:ayguf vmyHk
wdkUudk usrf;*efrsm;awGU&onf/
rSeyf gonf/ rdrt

d zdUk b,fwek ;f u
rSaqmif;yg;ra&;zl;cJh/ xdkUtjyif rdrd\
dk;&Sif;aomaqmif;yg;udk a&;vdkwJh pdwf
t& olwyg;udk rxdyg;rdzdkU? pmzwfol
taeeJU rdrad qmif;yg;udk zwfrv
d Qif okw
od k U r[k w f &owpf c k c k u d k &vd k u f E d k i f
avmufaom a&;om;zkdY&efrSm tifrwef
rvG , f u l a omtvk y f r[k w f y gvm;/
xdt
k csurf sm;aMumifh rdrad &;rnf[
h efcsuf
Ak'udk,fawmfjrwf om0wdjynf?
(ao&nf\ordkif;) udkpOf;pm;&if; &uf aZw0efausmif;awmf oDwif;oHk;awmf
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
rlaom tcsdef 0domcg\ oli,fcsif;

rde;f rig;&mwdUk onf ao&nft&ufwUkd udk
pD&ifNy;D 0domcgtxHoUkd oGm;um ]oli,f
csif; 0domcg tckcsdefu aoaomufyJG
obifusif;ywJhtcsdefav? aoaomuf
MupdkU&Jh} [kajymMu\/
0domcgu ]iguawmh raomuf
bl; nD;wdkUyJaomufMuyg} [kjyefajym
vdkuf\/ olr\oli,fcsif; ig;&mwdkUu
]'gqdknD;utvSLBuD;vkyf? igwkdUu ao
aomufyo
GJ bif qifEMTJ ur,f} [kajymMu
jyefaomtcg olr xdktpDpOfudk vufcH
vdu
k \
f / xdt
k pDpOftwdik ;f 0domcgtvSL
Bu;D vSLNy;D naecsr;f a&mufaomtcg olr
\ol i ,f c sif ; ig;&mwd k U onf ao&nf
t&uf aomufvsufomvQif olrESifh
twl w&m;em[k acgif;pOfwyf bk&m;
xHodkUvdkufoGm;Mu\/ 0domcgonf jrwf
Ak'udk&Sdcdk; oifhawmfavsmufywfaom
ae&m xdik \
f / olrrS wyg;aom olr\
oli,fcsif;rdef;rig;&mwkdUum; jrwfAk'\
a&SUawmfarSmufyif wcsdKUaom rdef;r
wkdUonf vufajcwdkUudk auG;aumuf
vQuf uMuckefMu\/ wcsdKUaom rdef;r
wdkUonf tNyD;qHk;wdkifr&aom oDcsif;
tyd k i f ; pawG u d k atmf [ pf o D q d k M u\/
wcsKd Uaomrde;f rwdUk onf vuf;dI vufr
wdUk axmifum wpfO;D ESihf wpfO;D jiif;cke
f
aeMu\/ jrwfAk'onf Akwfokwfc Edkif
EC
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Y TI R
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ac
At
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ddu
TSIRP S
ug
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ed
ym
100
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Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
vGef;vSaom xdkrdef;rwdkU\ tjcif;t&m

ud k jrif a wmf r l a omtcg ,if ; wk d U ud k
oH a 0*&ygapawmh [ l a om &nf & G , f
csufjzifh rsufcHk;arT;awmfwdkUrS a&mifjcnf
awmf vTwfawmfrlvdkuf\/ xdkrdef;rwdkU
twGuf wcJeufaomtrdkufwdkuf jzpf
oGm;\/ xdkrdef;rwdkUonf kwfw&uf
trdkufwdkufjzpf oGm;aomaMumifh xdwf
vefUum rl;,pfjcif; t&omwdkU b,f
a&mufrSef;rod? trl;jy,fukefMu\/ xdk
tcdkuf jrwfAk'onf xdkrdef;rwdkU\a&SU
xdkif&myvifrS aysmufuG,fum jrifhrdk&f
awmifxdyf&yfvQuf a&mifjcnf wpf
axmifpD&Sdaom vESifhaewdkU uJhodkUaom
a&mifjcnfawmfwUkd udk vTwaf wmfrjl yef\/
jrwfA'k o
nf xdak e&m&yfvQuyf if ]&m*
paom rD; (11) yg;wkUd tNrrJ jywf awmuf
avmif j cif ; cH a e&ygvQuf e J U tb,f h
aMumifh uckef aysmfyg; ESpfouf 0rf;
ajrmufaeMubdoenf;? oif'umrwdUk &JU
todPfukd t0dZm arSmifu zH;k uG,af e
ygvsufu,feJU ,if;t0dZm tarSmifudk
zsuf q D ; wwf w J h Pf y nm qD r D ; ud k
tb,hfaMumifh r&SmMubdoenf;} [k
xdkrdef;rwdkUtm; w&m;a[mawmfrlaom
tcg tm;vH;k aomwmywdz v
kd f wnfMu
ukef\/ xdkUaemuf 0domcgonf ]t&Sif
bk&m; [d&D? MowyudkzsufqD;wwfaom
ao&nf t &uf [ mb,f t csd e f u p
2538
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M Y AN M
THE S
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E PU
UBLIM
"rRtoH
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jzpfay:cJyh goenf;bk&m;}[k ar;avQmuf

aomtcg jrwfAk'u ao&nfjzpfay:
vm &mudak jzMum;awmfrv
l
kd atmufyg
twd k i f ; twd w f a qmif u m a[mMum;
awmfrlcJhygonf/
vGefavNyD;aomtcg Am&mPoD
jynf jA['wfrif;pd;k pHpOf udo
k &k m trnf
&Sd rkqdk;wpfa,mufonf awmvdkuf&ef
[drEmawmtkyfodkU0if\/ xdkawmtkyf&Sd
yifpnft&rf;BuD;rm;aom opfyifBuD;
wpfyifrS tudkif;BuD;oHk;udkif;wdkU jzm
cGJxGufojzifh ,if;opfyifBuD;\A[dk0,f
pOfhtkd;yrP&Sdaom tcGufBuD; jzpf
ae\/ rdk;Owka&mufvwfaomf opfyif&Sd
cGuBf u;D onf rd;k a&wkUd udk cH,x
l m;ouJo
h Ukd
jzpfae\/ t&yfrsdK;pHkrS iSufrsdK;pHkwdkU
onf rSnfhukefrSnfhukefaomzefcg;oD;
qD;jzLoD; ikwaf umif; oav;pyg;wdUk udk
udu
k cf sv
D m xdo
k pfyifay: pm;aomuf
Muaomtcg xd k x d k i S u f w d k U \ wcsd K U
wpf0ufaom tpmwdkUonf a&&Sd&m xdk
opfyif\cGufxJ jyKwfusukef\/ xdkxdk
aEGwdkU\ aetyl &SdefwdkUaMumifh ,if;opf
yif\ cGut
f wGi;f &Sad om rd;k a&ESihf toD;
wdkU csufxm;ouJhodkU jzpfum ,ckacwf
0DpuDponfwdkU\ ta&mifwdkUESifhwlpGm
pdrf (ao) &nft&uftjzpf ajymif;vJ
oGm;\/ aEGtcg a&qmMuaom iSufwdkU
onf xd k t &nf u d k aomuf M uojzih f
,pfrl;um opfyif&if; jyKwfMuukef\/

,pfrl;rIwdkU jy,faysmufvQif xjyefMu
\/ qdck NhJ y;D aom rkq;kd udo
k &k monfvnf;
tjcif;t&mtm;vHk;udk odjrifNyD; ]xdk
t&nfwdkUum; tqdyfawmh rjzpfukef
wef&m} [kawG;um ,if;t&nfudk ,l
aomuf\/ NyKwfusvmaom iSufwdkUudk
vnf; tjrnf;tjzpf rD;uifpm;\/
xdUk aemuf teD;&S&d aoh OD;0kPudk tazmf
Sdaomuf\/
vlom;ow0gxJrS udkok&mESifh
OD;0kPwdUk pwifawGU&Scd ahJ omaMumifh rl;
,pfapwwfaom t&nfwdkUudk ]ok&m}
odkUr[kwf ]0kP} [k ,aeUxdwkdif ac:
wGicf MhJ u\/ xdo
k El pS Of ;D wdUk onf ao&nf
wdkUudk 0g;usnfawmufwdkUjzifho,fum
teD;&Sd NrdKU0efrif;ESifhtaygif;ygwdkUudk
wdu
k \
f / o,f,v
l maomt&nfwUkd ukef
oGm;aomtcg ao&nfjzpfvmyHkudk od
aom udo
k &k mESiOhf ;D 0kPwdUk onf xdo
k pf
yif\ tacgufwdkUudk cGg,l qdkcJhaom
toD;wdkUESifh a&mpyfumao&nftjzpf
pwifusdKcsufMu\/ xdkUaemuf rl;,pf
aomufpm; aysmfyg;Mu\/ xdkNrdKUrSwqifh
xdkolESpfOD;wdkUonf wpfNrdKU NyD;wpfNrdKU
ajy;oGm;&m om0wdjynfodkU a&mufMu
uke\
f / xdpk Of om0wjd ynf oArw
d r if;
tkyfcsKyfae\/ xdkrif;uvnf; rdrd\
wkdif;jynf aoaomufyJGobif usif;y
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
rnf[k &nf&G,fum ao&nfusdKcsuf

cdkif;jyef\/ <uuf0ifrnfpdk; xdkusdKcsuf
xm;aom tdk;wdkU\ teD; aMumifwdkUudk
csnx
f m;&m xdak MumifwUkd onf vQu
H svm
aomt&nfwdkUudk aomufMuojzifh rl;
,pfumarhavsmhukef\/ <uufwdkUonf
,pfrl;arhaeMuaom aMumifwdkU\ em;
&Guf tNr;D wdUk udk udu
k jf zwfpm;Mu\/ trI
xrf;wdkUonf aMumifrsm; xdkt&nfudk
aomufum aoukefMuNyD[k &Sifbk&ifudk
avQmuf\/ &Sifbk&ifvnf; xdkolESpfOD;
wdUk onf t&ufcsuo
f rl sm;r[kw?f tqdyf
csuo
f w
l Ukd yJjzpfrnf[k aumufcsucf sum
acgif;jzwf owfcdkif;vdkufawmh\/ &Sifbk
&ifonf tqdyf[kxifaom ao&nftdk;
wdkUudkvnf; cGJypf&ef trdefUay;vdkuf\/
trIxrf;rsm; xdktdk;wdkUudkcJG&ef oGm;aom
tcg aMumifwdkU trl;jy,f aqmhupm;
aeonfudk jrifNyD; t&ufppfjzpfaMumif;
&Sib
f &k ifukd jyefavQmuf\/ xdUk aemufrmS
awmh &Sifbk&ifESifhwuG touf&G,f
a&mufaomolwdkif; yg0ifvsuf ao
aomufyo
GJ bif pwifusi;f yMuawmh\/
xdu
k o
hJ Ukd aoaomufyo
GJ bif usi;f ycsed f
odMum;rif;onf &Sifbk&ifa&SUarSmuf
a&mufvmum *gxmaygif; ajrmufrsm;
pGmwdkUjzifh qdkqHk;roGm;\/ xdkUuJhodkUaom
taMumif;pHw
k Ukd udk 0domcgESihf oli,fcsi;f
rdef;rig;&mwdkUtm; jrwfAk' azmfxkwf
EC
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102
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Blanoita
GNI A
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T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
a[mMum;awmfrNl y;D xdt

k cg &Sib
f &k if oA
rdwr if;onf &Sit
f meEmjzpfc\
hJ ? odMum;
rif;um; igbk&m;jzpfc\
hJ [k Zmwfaygif;jy
awmfrlcJh\? um; ao&nfjzpfay:&m
tcsdef t>rufrQESifh ay:aygufvmyHk
ao&nf\ ordkif;wkdUyif jzpfawmh\/
Zmwfawmf rkqdk;udkok&mvdk
vlukd aygif;oif;rdjcif;aMumifh OD;0kPyg
towfcH&onfudk owdrlum twk,l
oifh\/ aemuf ]ok&m} [lonf rl;,pf
aq; wpfrsdK;yifjzpf\/ ,if;udk aomuf
oHk;vQif taMumif; tusdK; taumif;
tqdk;udk rodawmh/ xdkUaMumifh aomuf
okH;onfh yk*dKvfonf rdrd\ avmb
a'go arm[wd k U ES v H k ; om; ud e f ;
atmif;kHomru x<ujcif;udk ausmf
vGefum tjypfudk usL;vGefjcif; tjzpfodkU
a&muf \ / rS e f \ / jrwf A k ' u vnf ;
]avmabm twH e Zmemwd? avmbjzpf
vmvQif taMumif;tusdK;? taumif;
tqd;k udk bmrSrodawmhb;l } [k a[mxm;
awmfrlonf r[kwfygavm/ Oyrmjy
&vQif vlwpfa,mufudk taygufav;
ayguf&Sdaom vdkPf*l\tv,fxm;?
aemuf ta&SUayguf rdbESpfyg;? t
aemuf b uf a yguf ES r ? ajrmuf b uf
ayguf"m;? awmifbuftayguf ao
&nfudk xm;onfqdkygpdkU/ xdkolonf
ta&SUbuftaygufuxGufrnfqdkvQif
2538
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M Y AN M
THE S
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UBLIM
"rRtoH
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rdbudkowf&rnfjzpf\/ taemufbuf
aygufu xGufrnfqdkvQif rdrd\ESrudk
t"r u sif h & rnf j zpf \ / ajrmuf b uf
taygufu xGufvQif "m;udkqJGudkif
xG u f o G m ;&rnf j zpf \ / awmif b uf
taygufu xGufrnfqdkvQif ao&nf
aomufum xGufoGm;&rnfjzpf\/ xdk
av;csufxJu wpfckr[kwfwpfck a&G;&
rnfjzpf\/ xdo
k o
l nf pOf;pm;\/ ]rdbudk
owfvQifvnf; raumif;? ESrudkt"r
jyKvQifvnf; rawmf? "m;ukdif xGuf
oGm;vQifvnf; olwyg;udk xdyg;rdrnf?
b,f[mrS raumif;? ighu,
kd if gyJ ao&nf
aomuf N yD ; rl ; awmh r nf } [k a wG ; um
ao&nfudk aomuf\/ xdkolonf ao
&nfaomufNy;D rl;,pfvmum rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd
xdef;csKyfEkdifpGrf; r&SdawmhbJ "m;udkqJG?
rdbudk owf? ESrudkvnf; t"rusifhum
xGufoGm;\/ onfum; rl;,pf wpf
rdsK;jzpfaom ao&nfaomufjcif;aMumifh
BuD;av;aom tjypfwdkUudk usL;vGefjcif;
yJjzpf\/
xdUk tjyif azmfjyygZmwf0if 0dom
cg\oli,fcsi;f rde;f rrsm; [d&?D Mowyw
Ukd
ysufpD;um oHk;avmuxG#fxm; jrwf
bk&m;\ a&SUawmfyif AkwfokwfcEdkif
vGef; tifrwef&Sufp&maumif;aom
tjyKrlwdkUudk jyKrlMujcif;onfvnf; ,if;
ao&nfudk aomufaomaMumifyh ifjzpf\/
bde;f ESihf wjcm;rl;,pfaq;wdUk udk oH;k pGv

J Qif
awmhum; xdkuJhodkU [d&D? Mowy ysufpD;
Ho
k mru rdrrd mS &So
d rQaom ypn;f Opmyg
ysufpD;oGm;Edkif\/ qdkcJhNyD;onfwdkUum;
ypKyefraumif;aom tusKd;qufrQom
jzpf\/ aemifoHo&m twGuf rSef;q
Munfv
h Qiu
f m; qdzk ,
G &f mr&Sad wmhay/ xdUk
aMumifh xdkao&nfESifh rl;,pfaq;wdkUudk
xm0&a&SmifMuOf oifhygaMumif;..../
rl;,pfwwfpGm ao&nfrsm;udk?
rl;&pfaomufpm; bdefSLrsdK?
'kpdkufawG jzpfay:aMumif;rdkU?
raumif;pifppf tukodkvf?
vGefusL;rdvQif wu,fyJaygh?
tyg,fi&J usrnfqdk?
vGwfvmapOD; vlarhrl;?
tl;qufwdkif;udk,f?
tJ'gaMumifh yOov
D wnfMuygapvd/k /
oDw*l t&SifpEm0&
'kwd,ESpf (bDat)
usrf;udk;/ / woedygwf? ukrZmwf/
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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EC
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Y TI R
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ac
At
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TSIRP S
ug
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Blanoita
GNI A
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US EH
52 .
M 83
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qnfBuD; wpfck wnfaqmufMunfhjcif;
t&Sif"rmpm&
([Hom0wD)
&cJMh uw,f/ 'D [l;Am;qnfBu;D [m (221)
b0udk Zumwifvdkuf&if
aemifwawG rusef&pfcJhzdkY . . rDwm &Snfvsm;NyD; weffcsdef (6) oef;cGJ
av;w,f/ xdkpOfu urmay:rSm tBuD;
(Hoover Dam) [l;Am;qnf . . . qHk;? tjrifhqHk; qnfBuD;wpfckjzpfcJhw,f/
[l;Am;qnfBuD;[m tar&duef tJ'DvdkBuD;us,fcrf;em;wJhqnfBuD;wpfck
EdkifiH&JU tBuD;us,ftcrf;em;qHk;eJY cuf wnfaqmufNyD;pD;zdkY tcsuf ( 7 ) csufeJY
cufccJ J wnfaqmufc&hJ wJh qnfBu;D wpfck jynfhpHk&r,f/
eHygwf - ( 1 )
jzpfw,f/ eDAm;'g;jynfe,f bvufuif
vkyfief;BuD;wpfckvHk;udk b,fvdk
nGefa'orSm wnf&SdNyD; aumfvdk&m'dk jrpf
a&udk xdef;csKyfvQuf tjrifhqHk; a&tm; yHkpH wnfaqmufrvJqkdwmudk yHkpHxkwf
vQyf p pf u d k xk y f v k y f a y;vQuf & S d w ,f / vkyfa&;qGJzdkY wduswJh vrf;nTefcsufawG
[l;Am;qnfBuD;udk 1931-ckESpfrSm pwif ay;EdkifzdkY twGuf vkyfief;BuD;wpfckvHk;&JU
wnfaqmufcJhNyD; 1936-ckESpfrSm atmif OD;aqmiftaeeJY Adokum ynm&SifawG
jrifpGm zGifhvSpfEdkifcJhw,f/ tJ'DpDrHudef; vdkr,f/ BuD;us,fcrf;em;wJh vkyfief;rSef
Bu;D rSm vlaygif; (20000) ausmv
f yk u
f ikd f orQrSmwduswJh OD;wnfcsuf? wduswJJh
cJhNyD; tJ'Dtvkyf[m tvGeftE&m,f vrf;nTefcsufawG &Sd&r,f/ BuHK&musyef;
rsm;wJhtwGufaMumifh vlaygif; (96) OD; rD;pifMunhfuwJh tvkyfrsdK; b,fawmhrS
aoqHk;cJhMuw,f/ trsm;tjym; 'Pf&m ratmifjrifEdkifbl;/
2538
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eHygwf- ( 2 )
wduswJhvrf;nTefcsufawGudk t
aumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufzdkY uRrf;
usifwJh? t&nf taoG;jynfhrDwJh tvkyf
orm;awGvkdr,f/ vrf;nTefcsufawGu
rSefuefayrJh t&nftaoG; nHhzsif;wJh
tvkyform;awG[m wduswJh vrf;nTef
csut
f wdik ;f vkyu
f ikd zf Ykd cufcyJ gw,f/ tJ
'gaMumihf tvkyform;jzpfayrJh tvkyf
orm;wpfa,muf&UJ t&nftaoG; jynfh
rDzYkd vdt
k yfygw,f/ awGU&mvlukd aumuf
cdkif;zdkY rjzpfEdkifyg/ acgif;aqmifaumif;
wpf a ,muf [ m b,f o l u b,f v d k
t&nftaoG; &Sv
d q
J w
kd m odzv
Ykd Nkd y;D ? olU&JU
t&nftcsi;f udk jynfjh ynf0h 0 toH;k csEikd zf Ykd
tvkyw
f jcm; uRr;f usirf KS wjcm; rjzpfap
zdYk oleYJ xdu
k w
f efwhJ tvkyaf wGukd wm0ef
ay;tyfwwfzkdY vkdtyfygw,f/ /
eHygwf- ( 3 )
tJ'Dvdk vrf;nTefr,fholvnf;&Sd?
vkyfaqmifrJholvnf;&Sdayrifh tJ'Dqnf
BuD;twGuf vdktyfwJh bdvyfajrawG?
ausmufawG? tkwaf wG? oJawG? oHacsmif;
awG pwhJ &kyf0wK ypnf;awG r&SdbJeJY
b,f v d k w nf a qmuf r vJ / tJ J ' D a wmh
bdvyfajrawG? ausmufawG? tkwfawG?
oJawG? oHacsmif;awGvnf; vkt
d yfygr,f/
eHygwf- ( 4 )
tJ'D bdvyfajrawG? ausmufawG?
tkwfawG? oJawG? oHacsmif;awG [m
vnf; aiG&SdrS &EdkifrSmyg/ tJ'gaMumifh

vHkavmufwJh aiGaMu;yrmPvnf; vdk
tyfygr,f/ tJ'Dvdkqdk aiG&Sd&if bdvyf
ajrawG? ausmufawG? tkwfawG? oJawG?
oHacsmif;awG &SdNyD;om;yJJr[kwfvm;vdkY
ajymp&m &Syd gw,f/ wpfcgw&H aiG&adS yrJh
ud,
k v
f ckd siw
f hJ ypn;f awGukd 0,fvYkd r&wJhJ
umvawG &SdwwfvdkYyg/
eHygwf - ( 5 )
taemf&xmwd?Yk tavmif;pnfol
wdkYacwfu qnfajrmif;awG wmwmrH
awGudk vlawGtrsm;BuD;eJY aygufwl;eJY
wl;Ny;D rS jcif;Mum;eJY o,f,zl MYkd u&ygw,f/
tJ'Dvdkqdk&if vlawG trsm;BuD;ukefr,f/
tcsdefukefr,f/ rwGifus,fbl;/ qdkawmh
ajrxdk;puf-ajro,fum; - ajrndpuf0efcspD ufpwJh acwfrw
D hJ puf,E&m;awG
vdt
k yfygr,f/ vlO;D a& trsm;pkeYJ Ny;D Edik w
f hJ
vkyfief;awG vltenf;pkeJY NyD;ajrmufEdkif
ygr,f/ vloufomr,f/ tcsed u
f ek f ouf
omr,f/ vkyfief;wGifus,fNyD; jrefjrefNyD;
ajrmufatmifjrifygr,f/
eHygwf - ( 6 )
vkyif ef;Bu;D wpfck vkyw
f ,fqw
dk m
tcka&wGi;f wl;? tcka&aomufcsiw
f mrsKd ;
vk y f v d k Y r&ygbl ; / a&&S n f p D r H u d e f ; eJ Y
jyKvyk &f ygr,f/ tJ'gaMumifh vkyif ef;wpfck
Ny;D ajrmufatmifjrifzYkd twGuf vHak vmuf
wJh tcsdefumvwpfck vdktyfygr,f/
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
eHygwf - ( 7 )
aumif;NyD / txufyg tcsuf (6)
csufeJY jynhfpHkNyDqdk&if pwifwnfaqmuf
vdkYawmh &ygNyD/ 'gayrJh a[m'DeHygwf
(7) rygbJeJY b,fvdkrS NyD;ajrmuf atmif
jrifEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl; 'DeHygwf (7) [m
ta&;BuD;wumh ta&;BuD;qHk;ygyJ/ tJ'g
[m bmvJqdkawm ]tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;
nDnGwfrSK} ygyJ/ b,favmufyif t
jcm;t&mawG jynhpf akH yrJv
h nf; txuf
vlBuD;uvnf; atmufvuf i,fom;
awGudk em;vnfrSK - ,HkMunfrSK -av;
pm;rS K -wef ; zd k ; xm;rS K r&S d b l ; qk d & if ?
atmufvufi,fom;awGbufuvnf;
txufvlBuD;awGtay:rSm em;vnffrSK,HkMunfrSK - av;pm;rSK - wefzdk;xm;rSK
r&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if ]tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;
nDnGwfrSK} ysufjym;aeNyDqdk&if tJ'DtzGJU
tpnf;[m b,fawmhrS b,fvkd vkyif ef;
udkrS atmifjrifatmifvkyfEdkifrSm r[kwf
ygbl;/ aemufqHk; tJ'DtzGJUtpnf; NydKuGJ
ysufpD;wJhtxdjzpfoGm;Edkifygw,f/ tJ'g
aMumifh tcsi;f csi;f pnf;vH;k nDnw
G rf KS [m
tvGefYtvGefudk y"meMuygw,f/
tJ'DxJrSmawmif atmufvuf
i,fom;tcsif;csif; pnff;vHk;nDnGwfrSK
r&SdwJhtcgrsdK;rSm acgifaqmifawG 0if
a&muf ajz&Sif;vdkY &ygw,f/ aemufqHk;
ajz&Sif;vdkY r&avmufatmif ysufjym;
oGm;wJh tcgrsdK;awGrSm tzGJUtpnf;u
EC
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Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
y,fxkwfvdkufvdkY &ygw,f/ tzGJUtpnf;

twGuf odyfrxdcdkuf vSygbl;/
odaYk yrif-h acgif;aqmiftcsi;f csi;f
wpfa,muf&JU t&nftcsif;udk wpfjcm;
wpfa,mufu todtrSwf rjyKawmhbl;
,HkMunfrSK - av;pm;rSK - wefzdk;xm;rSK
r&Sdawmhbl;qdk&if b,folrS Mum;0if ajz
&Si;f vdYk r&awmhygbl;/tJ'v
D kd jzpfomG ;cJ&h if
tJ ' D tzG J U tpnf ; [m usS K H ; jcif ; qD
OD;wnfaeygNyD/
tJ'gaMumifh - acgif;aqmifawG
a&m atmufvufi,fom;awGyg rdrd
us&mwm0efudk pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk;eJY rcdk
ruyf wm0efodod vkyfaqmifMur,f
qd&k if atmifjrifrKS &UJ t&omudk tm;vH;k
wajy;nD cHpm;Mu&rSm taotcsmygyJ/
wpfcgw&HrSm oluawmh tcGifhta&;
awG&w,f? iguawmh tcGit
hf a&; r&bl;
vdYk ajymwwfMuygw,f/ 'gqdk . . .wpf
ckckawmh vGJaeNyD/ [dkbufuyJ tcGifh
ta&;awG &vGef;aewmvm; oluyJ
wrifoufouf rausreyf jzpfaewm
vm;qdkawmh - tcsif;csif; em;vnfrSK ,HkMunfrSK - wpfOD;&JU t&nftaoG;
t&nftcsif;udk wpfOD;u av;pm;rSK wefz;kd xm;rSK awGejYJ ynfph akH ewJh (Unity)
]pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrSK} [m r&Sdrjzpf tvkd
tyfq;kH ygyJ/ tJ'D eHygwf (7) jynfph NkH yq
D &kd if
tHMh obeef; Bu;D us,cf rf;em;wJh qnfBu;D
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wpfck NyD;ajrmufatmifjrifzkdY qdkwm

oHo,r&Sdawmhyg/
ousrked&JU omomem[m --( 1 ) y&d,wdomomem
( 2 ) y#dywdomomem
( 3 ) y#da0"omoem &,fvdkY
okH;&yf&Sdygw,f/
tJ'DoHk;&yfxJrSm ( y&d,wDwd
wDPd yd#umed) t& 1/ okwf 2/ 0denf;
3/ tbd"rm vdkYac:wJh yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk
y&d,wdomoemvdkY ac:ygw,f/ (y#d
yww
D d y#dy'g) t& tJ'D yd#uwfo;kH yHrk mS
ygwJh jrwfbk&m;&JU vrf;nTefcsuftwdkif;
usifBuH aexkdifjcif;udk y#dywdomoem
vdkY ac:ygw,f/ ( y#da0a"mwd op
y#da0a"m ) t& - opmav;yg;udk xdk;
xGi;f odjrifjcif;udk y#da0a"omoemvdYk
ac:ygw,f/ ( 'D-|-3-82)
tJ ' D o moem oH k ; &yf r S m vJ
(t,Od y&d,wd y#dywd,m ypa,m
a[mwd ? y#d y wd t"d * r/ wd
y#dywdawmyd y&d,wda,0 yrmPH)
t& y&d,wdomoemomvQif tajccH
y"me tusqHk; jzpfygw,f/ ( oH-|-1187)
]ed ' ge0* t |uxm? uy
oH,w
k }f rSm omomemawmfBu;D udk qnf
BuD;wpfckeJY ESKdif;,SOfxm;NyD; y&d,wd
omoem[m uefabmifeJY wlaMumif;?
y#dywdo
moem[m a&eJY wlaMumif;? y#d
a0"omoem[m tJ'Da&xJrSm jzpfxGef;

ay:aygufvmwJh MumEG,f Mumyef;rsm;eJY
wlaMumif; jyqdkxm;ygw,f/ uefabmif
&Srd S a&wnfwEhH ikd Nf y;D a&wnfwrhH o
S mvsif
MumEG,fMumyef;rsm; jzpfxGef;Edkifovdk
uef a bmif e J Y w l w J h y&d , wd o moem
&SdrSomvsif a&eJYwlwJh y#dywdomoem
wnf&SdEdkifNyD; a&eJYwlwJh y#dywdomoem
&SdrSomvsif MumEG,fMumyef;eJYwlwJh r*f
zdv
k f edAm ef[al om tusKd ;xl;udk &&SEd ikd rf mS
jzpfygw,f/
odkYESifh tqufqufaom umv
awGrmS omoemawmf ( 3) &yfudk a&uef
ESifh ESdKif;,SOfcJhMuw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmawmh
omoemawmfukd [l;Am;qnfBu;D vdk qnf
BuD;wpfckeJY ESKdif;,SOfcsifygw,f/
[l;Am;qnfvdk BuD;us,fcrf;em;
wJh qnfBuD;wpfckwnfaqmufwJhtcg
tcsuf (7) csufeJY jynhfpHkrS NyD;ajrmuf
atmifjrifEdkifovdk jrwfbk&m;&JU omo
emawmfBuD; pnfyifjyefYyGm;zdkY t&SnfcHh
wnfwzhH rYkd mS vnf; tajccHtaeeJY tcsuf
(&) csuf vdktyfygr,f/
eHygwf ( 1 )
qnf B uD ; wpf c k w nf a qmuf w J h
tcgrSm Adou
k mynm&Siaf wG vdt
k yfovdk
wduswhJ vrf;nTef csuaf wGay;Edik zf Ykd oDv?
orm"d? ynmeJY jynhpf w
kH hJ (acgif;aqmif&UJ
t&nf t csif ; eJ Y jynh f p H k w J h ) omoemh
acgif;aqmifawG vdktyfygr,f/
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
eHygwf ( 2 )
wd u swJ h vrf ; nT e f c suf a wG u d k
taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u
G zf Ykd uRr;f
usifwJh tvkyform;awG vdktyfovdk
omoemh a cgif ; aqmif a wG ? OD ; aqmif
OD;&Gufyk*dKvfawG&JU vrf;nTefcsuftwdkif;
jyKvyk af qmif&u
G zf Ykd t&nftaoG;jynfrh w
D hJ
aemufvdkuf wynhfom0uawG vdktyf
ygr,f/ wynfhom0uqdkwJh pum;vHk;
xJrSm &[ef;? &SifomraP? oDv&Sif eJY
jynfoljynfom;tm;vHk; yg0ifrSm jzpfyg
w,f/
eHygwf ( 3 )
tcgrSm bdvyfajrawG? ausmufawG?
tkwfawG? oJawG? oHacsmif;awGpwhJ
&kyf0wKypnf;awGvdktyfovdk omoem
awmfBuD;pnfyifjyefYyGm;zdkY qGrf;? ouFef;?
ausmif;? aq; pwJh taxmuftyHh &kyf
0wKypnf;awG vdktyfygr,f/
eHygwf ( 4 )
tcgrSm vHkavmufwJh aiGaMu;yrmP
vdktyfovdk omoemjyK taqmuftOD
awG aqmufvyk jf cif;? usr;f pm;rsm; w&m;
awmfrsm; du
k Ef ydS jf zefaY 0jcif;pwJh omoem
jyK vkyfief;awGrSm toHk;jyKzdkY aiGaMu;
yrmP wpfckvnf; vdktyfygr,f/
eHygwf ( 5 )
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Blanoita
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EB
tcgrSm acwfrDwJh puf,E&m;awG vdk

tyfovdk omoemjyK &mrSmvnf; acwfrD
wJhenf;opfawG pepfopfawG vkdtyfyg
r,f / [k d , cif a cwf u ausmuf p m
wpfcsyf aypmwpfxkyfjzpfzdkY cJcJ,Of;
,Of;jyKvkyfcJhMu&ayrJh tckacwfrSmawmh
t&m&m[m acwfrDwJh enf;ynmawG
aMumifh vG,u
f al csmarGUvmw,f/ wpfyg;
olu wpfvSrf; vSrf;&if udk,fu q,f
vSrf;avmuf vSrf;EdkifrS awmf&muswJh
acwfBuD;xJrSm avSBuD;xdk; dk;dk; enf;
vrf;awGeYJ omoemjyKjcif;xuf ydkrdk
aumif;rGefwJh enf;opf pepfopfawGudk
toH;k jyKzYkd vdt
k yfvmygNy/D wd;k wufvmwJh
odyHenf;ynmawGudk trdt& zrf;qkyf
toHk;csNyD; rdrdwdkYomoem wdk;wuf
pnfyifzdkY jyKvkyfMur,fqdk&if ydkrdkxd
a&mufrSm jzpfygw,f/
eHygwf ( 6 )
Bu;D us,cf rf;em;wJh vkyif ef;rSeo
f
rQ tcsdef,lNyD; a&&SnfpDrHudef;eJY jyKvkyf
&wJt
h wGuaf Mumifh vkyif ef;Bu;D Ny;D ajrmuf
atmifjrifzkdY vHkavmufwJh tcsdefumv
wpfcu
k akd wmh apmifq
h ikd ;f zdYk vdt
k yfygr,f/
eHygwf (7)
'DeHygwf (7) ckajrmufuawmh
qnfBuD;wpfckwnfaqmuf&mrSm ajymcJh
ovdyk J txufvBl u;D awG&UJ t&nftcsi;f
awGudk atmufvufi,fom;awGu em;
vnfrKS - ,HMk unfrKS - av;pm;rSK - wef;zd;k
2538
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xm;rSK&SdzdkYvdktyfovdk txufvlBuD; a&SU

aqmifO;D &Guf yk*Kd vaf wGuvnf; atmuf
vufi,fom;awG&JU t&nftcsif;awG
ay:rSm em;vnfrKS -,HMk unfrKS - av;pm;
rSK - wefz;kd xm;rSK&zdS Ykd vdt
k yfygr,f/ tJ'D
vdk tcsif;csif;em;vnfrSK -,HkMunfrSK av;pm;rSK - wefz;kd xm;rSK &Srd o
S m (Unity)
pnf;vHk;nDnTwfrSK &SdrSmjzpfygw,f/ pnf;
vHk;nDnTwfrSK&SdrSomvsif trsm;eJYvkyf
aqmifNy;D atmifjrifrKS ukd t&,l&wJh vkyf
ief;awGrmS atmifjrifrKS &&Srd mS jzpfygw,f/
txufyg tcsuf (7) csuef YJ jynfh
pHkrSomvsif jrwfbk&m;&JU omoemawmf
BuD; wdk;wufpnfyifjyefUyGg;rSm? t&SnfcHh
wnfwHhrSmjzpfygw,f/ odkYtwGuf 'D
tcsuf (7) csuef YJ jynfph w
kH hJ rnfonht
f zGUJ
tpnf;? vkyif ef;rqdk taotcsm atmif
jrifrmS jzpfaMumif; ,HMk unfvQuf uAsm
udk 'Dvdka&;zGJUvdkufw,f/
BuD;us,fcrf;em;wJh qnfBuD;wpfck wnf

aqmufzdkU
uRrf;usifwJhAdokumynm&SifawGvdkr,f
uRrf;usifwJh tvkyform;awGvdkr,f
bdvyfajrawG ausmufawG oJawG oH
acsmif;awGvdkr,f
acwfrSDwJh puf,E&m;awGvdkr,f
vHkavmufwJh aiGaMu;awG
tcsdefawGGvdkr,f
tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfzdkUvdkr,f/ /
igwdkUawG[m
uRrf;usifwJh Adokum ynm&SifBuD;awG
r[kwaf wmif uRr;f usiw
f hJ tvkyf orm;
awGawmh jzpfcGifh&Sdw,fr[kwfvm;
uJ a&mif;&if;wdkU --tck BuD;us,fcrf;em;wJh qnfMuD; wpfck
wnfaqmufaew,f
igwdkUawG BuD;us,fcrf;em;wJhqnfBuD;
NyD;pD;zdkU
wnfaqmufNy;D pD;xm;wJh qnfBu;D t&Snf
] qnfBuD;wpfckwnfaqmufMunhfjcif; } cHhwnfwHhzdkU
vm a&mif;&if; --udk,fpGrf;Ekdif&m
b0udk Zumwifvdkuf&if
wpfaxmifh wpfae&muae
aemifwawG rusef&pfcJhzdkU
aTa&mifawmufyaewJrh w
S w
f ikd af v;awG yg0ifaqmif&GufMupdkU / /
<uif;usef&pfcJhzdkU
igwdkUawG tvkyfvkyfaeMuw,f?
t&Sif"rmpm&
wpfqdwf aus;Zl;jyKNyD;
([Hom0wD)
raESmuf ,SufMuygeJYuG,f/ /
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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EC
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Blanoita
GNI A
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52 .
M 83
EB
O,smOfrSL;\ tqkdtrdefYESifh
yef;wpfyGifh\ wkHYjyefoH
avmu ]]yGiahf omyef;wkid ;f vef;

apcsif}} onfrSm vlwkdif;yifjzpfonf? xkdY
enf;wlpGmyif arG;jrLcJhaom wynfhrsm;
xJ w G i f wynf h a umif ; aemuf v k d u f
aumif;rsm; jzpfapMucsio
f nfrmS rGejf rwf
aom q&mtqlqlwkdY\ &ifwGif;jzpf
qEtrSefyif jzpfayonf/ rSefayonf?
vGefcJhaom ESpfESpfu oDw*l q&mawmf
bk&m;\ oufawmf (71) ESpjf ynfah jrmuf
(72) ESpfokdYa&mufaom 0dZmwr*Fvm
tcgor,wGif pma&;ol rxifrw
S af om
(okdY) xifrSwf rxm;aom pum;wpfvkH;
ukd wynfhwpfyg;jzpfoltm; rdefYMum;
vkdufonfukd Mum;odvkduf&ayonf =
]]Good follower jzpfrS Good leader
jzpfrSmayghuG} [laompum;yifjzpfonf/
pma&;ol o nf q&mawmf \ tem;rS
a0,sm0p trIrsm; jyKvkyfay;aecsdef xkd
pum;ukd em;ESifhqufquf Mum;vkduf&
AkdvfAv (&Jajr)
oDw*lausmif;om;a[mif;
onfhESifh wNydKifeufwnf;yif MuufoD;

arG;nif;rsm;yif xrdygawmhonf? &ifxJ
ESvkH;om;xJ- ]aMomf rdrdrsm; q&m
awmfbk&m;u rdefYrSmaeNyDvm;} [kvnf;
&ifxJ cHpm;vkduf&ygonf/
]]yef;&JUwefbkd;ukd yef;ysdK;aom
vufuom ykdvkdYodEkdifonf}} qkdaom
tqkdtrdefYukd pma&;olonf tjynfht0
axmufcHcJhygonf? okdYaomf xkdpum;
Mum;pOfu xkdpum;&yf\ tESpfom&ukd
jynfhjynfh00 rod&SdcJh&ay/ ,ckawmh pm
a&;olonf t"dyg ,fjynfah om ESv;Hk om;
wpfpkHjzifh em;vnfvmcJh&ygNyD/ b,fvkd
O,smOfrSL;ursm; ukd,fysdK;aomyef;ukd
rvef;qef;apcsifol &SdygrnfvJ/
yef ; ysd K ;bl ; aom O,smOf r S L ;
wkdif;onf rdrdwkdY w,kw, jyKpkpkdufysdK;
xm;aom yef;rsm;ukd avmutv,f
xnf0gatmif? ta&miftaoG; aumif;
2538
MAY
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Sit
BE .
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SA G A ING
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ca
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tA
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onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
THE S
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UBLIM
"rRtoH
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- CE
111
4
199
atmif? wefzkd;jrifhrm;atmif? IcsifpzG,f

jzpfatmif? wifhw,fpnfum; a0jzm
atmif trsdK;rsdK; aygif;oifajrqG a&
avmif ; ay;cJ h b l ; Muonf o mjzpf o nf ?
rnfonfhO,smOfrSL;u rdrdysdK;xm;aom
yef;ukd wjcm;ol cl;,la>c,lapcsifygrnf
enf;/
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ed,mr vnf;aumif; trsdK;rsdK;aom
aomu y&da'0 'ku a'grersm; qH
wjcnf jrLwrQirf Qyif rdrv
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t&mrS wnfNrJrIr&Sdygwum;[k qkdapOD; jzpfaeygonf/
awmh rNrJaomocFg& w&m;xJrS NrJaom
rS e f y gonf ? ]]ur H oaw
tocFg&w&m;ukd &SmazG&&SdzkdYtwGuf 0dbZwd}} qkdonfh bk&m;a[m w&m;
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wu,f vkdtyfaernfr[kwfygavm/
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qkdpum;t& vlomref ykxkZOfwkdYonf EkdifyghtHhenf;[k ar;vkdufcsifawmhonf/
tl;wykdif;jzpfonf[kqkdaom pum;&yf aus;Zl;awmf&iS f oDw*lq&mawmf bk&m;
ukdvnf; wpdwfwykdif;tm;jzifh tm;& \ teD;aetaE0godu wynfhwpfyg;
auseyfonf qkad pOD;awmh vlw\
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rmefrmewkdYukd tajccHaom pdwf"mwf a&;olonf i,fpdwfrsm;ukd wwfEkdiforQ
OD;pD;ykid q
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yGifhwkdif;aom yef;wkdYonf yef;ysdK;aom awmfonf rMum;wMum; ajymaewwf
vuf\wefbkd;te*ukd xkdyef;wkdY rod&Sd onfrSm - ]]'DaumifBuD; t&ifvkd rl;
Muava&mhovm;? okdYr[kwf odvsuf awmhb;l uG? uav;rqefawmhb;l ? awmf
ESifhyif wefbkd;ukd kdufcsdK;ypfMuava&m awmfav; ajymif;vJvmNyD}} wJh/ trSef
ovm;[k pma&;ol\ pdwf vm;aygif; awmh q&mawmf\ qkH;rMo0g'? jyKpk
rsm;pGmjzifh 'Gd[pdwfrsm;ukd ykdifqkdif&if;? ysKd ;axmifr?I vrf;aumif;Tejf yrI aumif;
axG;ayGU&if;? odr;f yku
d &f if;? cg;oDpmG erf;IUH aomaMumifhyif r[kwfygavm/ q&m
&if;jzifh &ufaygif;rsm;pGm aeYaygif;rsm;pGm awmfonf rdrdukd uav;wpfOD;ozG,f
ukd jzwfausmv
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Ydk yk af om cspfjrwfEkd;cJhonf? rSwfom;xm;onf[k
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
pdwf rSwfxifxm;cJhygonf? tb,fh

aMumif h q k d a omf oD w *l u r m h A k ' w u
od k v f B uD ; wnf a xmif c gp oD w *l o k d Y
a&mufaom yk*dKvfrsm;xJwGif pma&;ol
onf EkdUnmwpfOD;[kyif qkd&rnf jzpf
onf/
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wkdY\ xl;jcm;csuf? okdYr[kwf csrf;om

olrsm;ESifh qif;&Jol vlwef;pm;wkdY\
uGJjym;jcm;em;csuf[lonf ay;vSLjcif;
tay:tajccH uGmjcm; oGm;onf[yk if
jzpf o nf / q&mawmf o nf tw E S i f h
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qkcd siyf gonf? uk,
d u
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rmpD ' D ; um;rsm;? vif h c k Z mum;rsm;?
aq;kH? ausmif;wkduf? taqmuftOD
aumif;aumif;BuD;rsm;rSm q&mawmf
ykid q
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f m;onf r[kwyf gavm} [k xif
aumif; xifMu? awG;aumif; awG;Mu
rnfrmS aocsmygonf? okaYd omf xkd yk 0f wK
rsm;tzkdY q&mawmftwGuf (okdY) oDw*l
tzGJUBuD;twGuf omoemjyKzkdY&ef aygif;
ul; wHwm;ozG,rf Qomjzpfygonf/ trSef
wu,f ykdifqkdifonfrSm Ak'omoem
awmfjrwfBuD;uom xkdkyf0wK pnf;pdrf;
wkdYukd ykdifqkdifxm;ygonf/
wajz;ajz;ESifhyif tcsdefwkdYonf
vl w k d Y \ touf u k d 0g;rsd K ;ypf o uJ h o k d Y
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aumif;ESifh armif;ESif wGef;ykdYaeMuav
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rrSw,
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f idk ;f puew
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vkdvkd owdw&m;ukd vufukdifxm;oifh
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ykdifqkdifxm;MuNyD;aom uvsmP Ak'
bmomEG,f0if olawmfpif taygif;wkdY
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q&mawmf o nf &&S d x m;aom
tokH;cswwfMurnfqkdvQif avmuBuD;
onf olUtwGufa&m ukd,fhtwGufyg tcsdefukd omoemawmftwGuf (okdY)
om,mcsrf;ajrUzG,faumif;aom *kPf wkid ;f jynfEiS hf vlrsKd ;wkYd tusKd ;pD;yGm;twGuf
t*FgwkdYjzifh xnf0gaernfomjzpfonf? tvkyfvkyfjcif;jzifh ukefvGefapcJhonf?
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bke;f uHMu;D rm;olrsm;ESihf bke;f uHyg;&Sm;ol tHhMoavmufygbd? ]q&maumif;wynfh
2538
MAY
u
ag
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BE .
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my

SA G A ING
In
ca
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tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
THE S
RITY
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UBLIM
"rRtoH
AR
- CE
113
4
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yef;aumif;yef} qkdonfhpum;ykHuJhokdY
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d teD;ae ta0;ae?
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bl;aom pum;&SdcJhbl;onf? avmurSm
txG#f txdyfukd a&mufvkdaom yk*dKvf
wdkif;wkdYonf tNrJwap tvkyfvkyfMu&
rnfomjzpfonf? xkdtxJwGif tvkyf
ig;rsdK;ESifh jynfhpkHaomyk*dKvfwkdif;wkdYonf
avmu txG#ftxdyfokdY a&mufMu&
pNryJ ifjzpfonf? xkt
d vkyif g;rsKd ;[lonf pd&umvbm0em - tcsdef tMumBuD;
tvkyfvkyfjcif;? ed&E&bm0em - rjywf
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&wdbm0em - tvkyftay: aysmf
aysmfyg;yg; vkyfjcif;? oupbm0em tvkyfukd kdkdaoaovkyfjcif;} wkdYyif
jzpfonf/
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enf;ESifhrS rwkd;wufEkdifyg? wkd;wuf
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wu,f rSeu
f efaom tvkyrf sm;ukd wuf
nD vufnD vkyfukdifMu&rnfom jzpf
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onf? okt
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wkdif;jynfonf urmtxG#ftxdyfokdY
a&mufMu&jcif;om jzpfonf? xkdYaMumifh
avmu qif;&JaMumif;onf tvkyf
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aumuf vGJaeaom uHMurm Lucky,
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Yd dk uHrsKd ; r[kwyf g/ &Sijf zpfap?
vljzpfap? rif;pkd;&mZmjzpfap? ykPm;
jzpf a p? ol a wmif ; pm;jzpf a p bk e f ;
awmif;,mpumyif jzpfap rdrdESifhukduf
nDaom? tH0ifcGifusjzpfaom tvkyf
rsm;ukd aeYpOfvkyfaeMu&rnfom jzpfyg
onf? tvkyf rvkyfbJ csrf;omcsifaom
yk*dKvfrsm;onf ol&JabmaMumifaom
rdpm'd|drsm;om? vljzpfygvsuf touf
omckd a&pkaH rsmvku
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rsm;om jzpfygonf/
q&mawmfonf omoemjyK pdwf
"mwf t jynf h & S d o nf ? taomu rif ;
w&m;Bu;D \ omoemjyKpw
d "f mwfudk ESv;Hk
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rdru
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
ukd pGefYvGwfrIrsm;yifjzpfonf/ um,

rap&pdwfESifh o&D&[dwpdwf tjzpfrsm;
aeaomyk*dKvfwkdYonf rnfokdYyif omo
emjyKaeonfqkdapOD; wu,fomoem
jyK&mra&mufEkdifbJ ukd,fhusdK;ukd,fhpD;yGm;
twG u f o m tjzpf r sm;aeMurnf o m
jzpfonf/
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onf;cHtm;aumif;&rnf? jcaoFhuJhokdY
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tajccHpdwfxm;rsm;yif jzpfawmhonf/
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ae&ma'owkid ;f teEaus;Zl; awmf&iS f
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wkdYukd vufawGUod&Sdem;vnf cHpm;EkdifMu
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2538
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bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh 0dZm"kd&f[m rEmef NcH & H v k d u f M uygw,f / xk d t cgrS m awmh
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
0d Z m "k d & f u vnf ; igusL;vG e f a ewJ h

taMumif;ukd odoGm;MuNyDvkdY &dyfrdum
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= ]]t&S i f b k & m;wk d Y wynf h a wmf t m;
oHCax&fjzpfaom yapuAk'gukd ay;yg
umodwkdif;ukd MunfndKaptHh}} [kqkdum
rif;tdraf wmfay:ukd oGm;Ny;D rSm;,Gi;f aom
t,lukd y,fazsmufapcJhygw,f/
bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh odMum;qkd
wJh ewfrif;ukdvnf; rif;BuD;jrif&w,f?
'gaMumihf ewfjynfqw
dk m&Sw
d ,f? 'DoMd um;
rif;uvnf; tqif;rvSaom yapuAk'g
oHCax&fukd a&SUuxm;NyD; &Sdckd;orI
jyKw,f? tusdK;aus;Zl; wpfpkHwpfck&SdvkdY
jzpfvdrfhr,f[k em;vnfum rSefaom
t,l t quk d vuf c H , k H M unf v mcJ h y g
w,f/
okdYtwGufaMumifhvnf; avmu
xJuvlawG vrf;rSm;ukd ra&mufatmif?
vrf;rSeaf y:rSm avQmuf wwfvmatmif
vrf;Tefay;ol[m avmutusdK;ukd
aqmif&u
G af eolawG[m ,ckrsuaf rSmuf
a&S U wef ; a&muf a eMuwJ h omoemh
tmZmenf oHCmawmf t&Sijf rwfawGyif
jzpfygw,f/ rnfuo
hJ Ydk &[ef;oHCmawmf
t&SifjrwfawGu vlawGukd vrf;TefrI
2538
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ay;aeygoenf; - aumif;aom avmu

BuD;jzpfvmzkdY twGuf vlom;xktm;vkH;
aumif;pGmjyKvkyf? ajymqkd? awG;awm MuH
pnfMuzkdY? w&m;apmihfaom avmuBuD;
jzpfvmapzkdYtwGuf avmuvlom;wkdY
tm;vk H ; w&m;ES v k H ; apmif h o k H ; Muzk d Y ?
ukPm arwm tMuifem jynfhvQHaom
avmuBuD;jzpfvmapzkdYtwGuf avmu
vlom;wkdif; ESvkH;om;rSm xkdw&m;rsm;
udef;atmif;aeapzkdY vrf;Tefay;Mu
ygw,f/ ukeu
f ek q
f &dk aomf bk&m;&Siw
f idk ;f
vk d v m;tyf a om arw m ? uk P m?
rk'dwm? Oayum[laom txufjA[m
rsm;aexkdifonfh enf;vrf;w&m; av;
yg;ukd rsufarSmufacwf vlom;wkdY ESvkH;
om;wkdif;0,f tpOftNrJudef;aernf
qkv
d Qif vlwaYdk exkid af eMuwJh avmuBu;D
[m om,m0ajymaevdrfhr,f? Nidrf;csrf;
om,maevdrfhr,f? wkd;wuf pnfum;
zGUH NzKd ;wk;d wufaevdrrhf ,f? b0&JUNird cf sr;f rI
vrf;Tef? b0\om,mcsrf;ajrUrI vrf;
TefwkdYukd ay;aeonfrSm &[ef; oHCm
awmfrsm;yJ jzpfygawmhw,f/
yk*HacwfrSmqkdvQifvnf; ax&
0g'omoemawmfudk rsKd ;aphcsay;cJo
h l &Sif
t&[H (&Sif"r'D)? xkdYaemuf e&
ywdpnfolbk&if vSLaomqGrf;ukd jiif;
y,fum jynfojl ynfom;wkb
Yd ufrS rm;rm;
rwfrwf &yfwnfay;cJhol yHokul&[ef;
(pG,f&Sif rax&f) bk&if&mZm"d&mZfESifh

ppfrjzpf&avatmif EIwfa&;jyKum Nidrf;
csrf;a&; pum;qkdcJhol pmBudKoljrwf
ponfjzihf jrefrmhomoem0ifrmS pmrwif
cJhaomfvnf; xkdt&SifjrwfwkdYuJhokdY ywf
0ef;usif tusKd ;? wkid ;f jynftusKd ;? avmu
tusdK; o,fykd;um avmuwp&d,ukd
usifhcJhMuol usifhaeMuol t&Sifjrwf
awG[m avmurSm rsm;jym;wnf&Sdae
qJyifjzpfygw,f/
okdYtwGufaMumifhvnf; odMum;
rif;u ]]uJo
h aYdk om &[ef;awmfawGudk
&Scd ;dk OD;cku
d v
f Qif rsuaf rSmuf b0rSm cs;D rTr;f
cH&ygw,f? cEmysufum b0ukefvQif
ewfbkHukd a&muf&ygw,f}} vkdY Am&m
PoDjynh&f iS f bk&ifjA['wfrif;\ tar;
ukd ajzMum;cJhygw,f/
om,mNidrf;csrf;aom vlUb0BuD;tjzpf
oufqkH;wkdif tpOftNrJwnf&Sd aeEkdif
ygapownf;/
rmqJbu
d K
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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EB
bOD;a&ul;aeonf
tSif0go0
(acw-vlUjynf)
oAygy tu&PH?
ukov Oyor'g?
opdwy&da,m'yeH?
{wHAk'geomoeH/
1/ tukodkvf[lorQ rjyK& aSmifyg/
2/ ukodkvf[lorQ r&t&SmrSSD;yg/
3/ rdrdwdkYpdwfuav; jzLazG;at;ap&m/
'DoHk;yg; bk&m;wdkif; nGefMum;wm/
w&m;onf Ak'tqlqlwdkU\
Mo0g'w&m;jzpfygonf/ uGsEyfk w
f Ukd a*gw
rAk ' w pf q l w nf ; \ Mo0g'r[k w f /
wu,fawmY Ak'wpfql\ Mo0g' w&m;
onf v nf ; Ak ' t ql q l w d k U \ Mo0g'
w&m;yifjzpfyg\/ uGsEyfk w
f o
Ykd nf Ak't
ql
qlwdkY\ Mo0g'twdkif; vdkufemusifUoHk;
oif Y y gonf / tb,f a Mumif Y q d k a omf
uGsEykf w
f \
Ykd q&mjzpfawmfral om Ak'o
nf
trSefw&m;(opm)udk trSeftwdkif; od
awmfrlaomaMumifYjzpfygonf/
xdkYjyif Ak'onf avmuom;wdkY

tay: Muifemwwfjcif;? tepfem cHwwf
jcif;ESiYf avmuaumif;usKd ;udk aqmifu
G f
jcif;paom*kPfwdkYESifY jynfYpHkawmfrlaom
aMumifv
h nf; jzpfyg\/ xdaYk MumifU uGsEyfk f
wdkYonf Ak'tqlqlwdkY\ Mo0g'twdkif;
vdkufemusifYoHk; oifYonf[k qkdjcif;jzpf
yg\/ odaYk omfusG Eykf w
f o
Ykd nf Ak'\
tvdk
awmfus usio
Yf ;kH zdaYk wmY vdt
k yf\/ odYk
qdkvQif Ak'tvdkawmfusum; tb,f
enf;/ ]]tukov
kd u
f rkd jyKvyk &f ef? ukov
kd f
ud k j yKvk y f & ef E S i f Y rd r d w d k Y \ pd w f u d k jzL
pifatmifxm;&ef}} [laom pum;oHk;
cGe;f onf vG,rf a,mifEiS Yf cufyg\ wdrf
ra,mifESifh eufyg\/ trSeftm;jzifY
raumif ; rl u d k rjyKvk y f j cif ; ES i f Y (0
eddw) ukodkvfaumif;rludk jyKjcif;
onfb0ukd zGHUjzdK;atmif wnfaqmuf
jcif;omjzpf\/ b0udkzGHUjzdK;atmif wnf
aqmufjcif;onf Ak'a'oemawmft&
'kuudkwnfaqmufjcif; jzpf\/
2538
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xdaYk MumifY b0'kur S vGwaf tmif

rd r d \ pd w f u d k j zLpif a tmif x m;&\/
rdrd\pdwfudk jzLpifatmifxm;jcif; qdk
onfrSm ]]tw}} udk csKyfjidrf;atmif tm;
xkwfjcif;jzpf\/ rdrd\tw csKyfjidrf;
oGm;vQif raumif;rl[lonfvnf; rSd
awmY? aumif;rl[lonf;vnf;rSdawmY/
,if;odkYrSdjcif;udkyif ]ukovm ukovH
Z[H} [k qdkjcif;jzpfyg\/ wu,fawmY
tukodkvfum; b0udk oHMudK;jzifY csKyf
aESmif\/ ukodkvfum;b0udk a&TMudK;jzifY
csKyaf ESmif\/ csKyaf ESmifjcif;uawmY twl
wlomjzpf\/ oHMudK;ESifY a&TMudK;omjcm;
em;av\/ ae&m ukov
kd [
f o
l nfrmS
0#fudkrSDjyKaom ukodkvf (0eddw
ukov) udo
k m qdv
k jkd cif;jzpfyg\/ 0#fukd
rrS D r l ed A m ef u d k & nf o ef u mjyKaom
0d0eddwukodkvfudk rqdkvdkay/ xkdY
aMumifY csKyaf ESmifrt
l m;vk;H rS vGwaf jrmuf
atmif tukodkvfudkrjyKvyfjcif;? 0d0
edw
d ukov
kd u
f jkd yKvyk jf cif;ESiYf xd0k 0d
eddw ukokdvfjzpfatmif pdwfudkjzLpif
atmifxm;jcif; (yyOw&m;udkacgif;yg;
atmifjyKjcif;) [laomAk'\
Mo0g' pum;
oHk;cGef;udk ususee? *CPe odtyf
yg\/ odvQif odonfYtwdkif; vdkufem
usifYoHk;zdkYvnf; vdktyfyg\/
uGsEfkyfwdkYonf oHo&m usif
vnf a eol r sm;jzpf \ / oH o &monf
tajymus,f a om ork ' & mES i f Y w l \ /
ork'&monf vSKdif;xefojzifY ab;bsrf;

twdjyD;\/ eufIdif;ojzifY axmufwnf
&m&zdYk cufc\
J / xdo
k Ykd oHo&monf ork'
&mESifYwlonfqdkygvQif uGsEkfyfwdkYonf
oHo&mork'&m vufypful;aeaom
a&ul;orm; bOD;ESifYwlav\/ kyfemrf
cEmwdkY\ tpOfrjywf jzpfysufaejcif;udk
]oHo&m} [k rkcswtm;jzifY qdkav&m
jA[mMu;D awGvnf; bOD;jzpf\/ ewfawG
vnf ; bOD ; jzpf \ / vl a wG v nf ; bOD ;
jzpf\/ ,kwpf t
G qH;k vrf;tMum;rS acG;0J
pm;onfyif bOD;jzpf\/ olvnf;bOD;?
igvnf;bOD; bmxl;oenf;/ oHo&m\
wpfzufurf; (edAmef) odkY ra&mufao;
orQ ow0gtm;vH;k onf bOD;jzpfav\/
ork'&m vl;vmacgufjyef vufypful;
aeaom uGsEkfyfwdkYtwGuf taoaumif
ykyfudk awGY trSDwHuJjyK\/ opfwHk;udk
awGUvnf; trSDo[JjyK\/
Ak ' a 'oemawmf t & tao
aumifykyfonf tukodkvfESifYwl\/ opf
wH;k onf ukov
kd Ef iS w
Yf \
l / twwfEikd q
f ;kH
opf w H k ; uk d o m trD S o [J j yKtyf y g\/
odkYaomfvnf; ykxkZOfwdkY\obm0t&
tukodkvfESifYwlaom taoaumifykyf
udkom rsm;aomtm;jzifY trSDo[JjyKae
Mu\/ yHjk zifo
Y m rd;k csKyaf ygif;rsm;vSjy/D
oHo&monf avmujzpf? wpfzufurf;
onf avmukw&mjzpf\/ oHo&monf
ocFg&jzpf? wpfzufurf;onf 0docFg&
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
jzpf\/ oHo&monf rsu&f nfw\

Ykd ude;f
&mjzpf? wpfzufurf;onf rsuf&nf
wd k Y \ od r f ; &mjzpf \ / trS e f t m;jzif Y
uGsEyfk w
f \
Ykd b0[lorQonf (vlyjJ zpfjzpf?
ewfyjJ zpfjzpf? &mxl;tmPmMu;D oljzpfjzpf?
r&So
d jl zpfjzpf? pD;yGm;Opmaygrsm;oljzpfjzpf?
&Sm;yg;oljzpfjzpf? rnfonfYyk*dKvf ow0g
rqdk) tdyfrufomjzpf\/ vlUb0qdkonf
rSmvnf; toHxGuf idkjcif;ESifY toH
rxGufyJ Mudwfidkjcif;tMum; cPwm
vl;vGefYaejcif;rQom jzpfav\/ jrKyf
wpf c g? arsmwpf v S n f Y j zif Y oH o &m
ork'& m vufypfu;l aejcif;rQomjzpf\/
odkYjzpfvQif wpfzufurf;a&mufatmif
rnfUodkYul;rnfenf;/ ae&m oH,kwf
ygVd a wmf ? MoCw&Pok w f w&m;
awmfonf tvGefrSwfom;zG,f aumif;
vS\/ wpfcgwke;f u vlo;kH yg;wd\
Yk q&m
wpfql jzpfawmfrlaom jrwfAk'onf
om0wdjynfrGefaZw0ef a&Tausmif;
udef;atmif;arGUavsmf pHaysmfawmfrlpOf
nwpfn oef;acgif,HtcsdefwGif jA[m
wpfOD; Ak'xHyg; cpm;av\/ xdkjA[m
onf Ak'tm; odkY ar;jref;avQmuf
xm;av\/
]jrwfpGmbk&m;...MoCav;jzm
oHo&mwnf;[laom ork'&mudk wpf
zufurf; a&mufatmif b,fvdk ul;cJYyg
ovJbk&m;}?
EC
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Y TI R
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ac
At
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TSIRP S
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Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
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xdt
k cgAk'u
]cspo
f m;...ig[m
jird jf y;D vnf;rul;bl;? vIyjf y;D vnf;rul;bl;?
rjird rf vIyf oHo&m wpfzufurf;udk ul;cJY
wm} [kajzawmfrl\/
tpu jA[monf rmeESiYf Ak'q
D
vmcJjY cif;jzpf\/ ] igYtaeeJY jrwfpmG bk&m;
MoCav;yg;u vG e f a jrmuf j yD ; jyD
qkdwmvnf; odxm;w,f/ MoCav;
yg;u bmawGqdkwmvnf; igodxm;
w,f? ul;enf;av; odzyYkd v
J akd wmYw,f}[k
tawG;rmeESifY vmcJYjcif;jzpf\/ rmeSd
aevQif b,fawmYrS w&m;r&Edkifay/
xdkYaMumifY Ak'u ]igujidrfvnf;rul;bl;?
vIyfvnf; rul;bl;? rjidrfrvIyf ul;cJh
wm}[k ya[VdjzifY ajzawmfrljcif;jzpf\/
olrarsmv
f ifo
Y nfY tajzpum;udk
Mum;rS jA[mvnf;ol\rmeudk c0gcs
]jrwfpmG bk&m;...b,fvrkd jird rf vIyf ul;
cJhwmvJbk&m;? wynfYawmfukd enf;enf;
avmuf tus,af [mjyawmfryl gOD;bk&m;
[k avsmufav\/
xd k t cgAk ' u ]cspf o m;...
ig[m oHo&mwnf;[laom ork'&mudk
ul;wJYae&m rSmjidrfae&if jrKyfoGm;vdrfY
r,f? vIyfae&ifvnf; arsmoGm;vdrfYr,f?
'gaMumifYig[m jidrfvnf;rul;bl;? vIyf
vnf; rul;bl;? rjidrf rvIyf ul;cJYwm[k
enf;enf;av;csJUa[mvdkufygrS jA[m
vnf; oabmaygufumw&m; xl;&oGm;
av\/
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ae&m tjidrfw&m;? tvIyf

w&m;? rjidrfrvIyfw&m;[l oHk;rdsK;
oH k ; pm; cJ G j cm;Ek d k i f \ / tjid r f w &m;
qd k o nf r S m tuk o d k v f j zpf ? tvI y f
w&m;qd k o nf r S m avmuD c srf ; omud k
awmifYwjyD; jyKvkyfaom ukodkvfjzpf\?
rjidrfrvIyfw&m;qdkonfrSm edAmefudk
&nfoef jyKvkyfaom ukodkvfjzpf\/
uGsEfkyfwdkY\ oEmef avmb? a'go?
arm[? rme? m? rp&d,paom
tukodkvfw&m;rsm; udef;atmif;jyD qdk
vQif jidrfjyD; ul;aejcif;jzpf\/ jidrfjyD;ul;
vQif jrKyaf wmYrmS aocsm\/ b,fudk jrKyf
rnfenf;[lrl tyg,fav;yg;udk jrKyfrnf
jzpf\/ xdkYaemuf ukodkvfaumif;rI jyK
onfYtcgvnf; ]aumif;rIaMumifY
bmjzpf&ygvd\
k ? nmjzpf&ygvk\
d ponf
jzifY qmavmifrI jyXmef;um avmuD
csr;f omudk awmifw
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aejcif;jzpf\/ vIyfjyD;ul;vQif arsmawmY
rSmaocsm\/ b,fudkarsmrnfenf;[lrl
vlYjynf ewfjynf jA[mjynfudk arsmrnf
jzpfyg\/ xdkYaMumifY aumif;rIukokdvf
jyK&mtcg ]aumif;rIonf edAmef\
taxmuftyHY jzpfygap} [k edAmefudk
&nfoef&rnfjzpf\/ onfyif rjidrf
rvIyf ul;jcif;jzpf\/ odkYrSom oHo&m
wpf z uf u rf ; od k Y a&muf r nf j zpf y g\/
ocFg&e,fudkausmfvGef 0docFg&e,fodkY
a&muf r nf j zpf \ / rsuf & nf u d e f ; &m
avmuudk ausmfvGef rsuf&nfodrf;&m

avmukw&modkY a&mufrnfjzpf\/ odkY
aomf tajymvG,foavmuf tvkyf
cuf\/ uGsEfkyfwdkYonf ukodkvfjyKonfY
tcgwdkif; ]aumif;rI aMumifY edAmefudk
&yg&ap} [k yg;pyfrS tjrSKyfxGufatmif
qkawmif;aeygaomfvnf; pdwx
f rJ S xdq
k k
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trsm;tm;jzifhawmY uGsEfkyfwdkY\ &GmrS
bMuD;jzdK; aMu;pnfwD;ouJYodkY rxif/
Ak'a'oemawmf tukodkvfudk
rvkyf&ef? ukodkvfudkvkyf&efESifY ig? igY
Opm? igYtwGu[
f
l twprGJ ygbJ pdwu
f kd
jzLjzLpifpif xm; aqmif&Guf&ef wdkuf
wGef;\/ odkYaomfvnf; uGsEfkyfwdkYonf
ae&mwum igyg&rS auseyf\/ ae
&m igt& oH k ; igS d \ / wPS m jzif Y
pJTaomigvnf;Sd\? rmejzifhpJGaom ig
vnf;Sd\? 'dXdjzifYpJGaomigvnf;Sd\/
Ak'u ]ig} udka&SUwef;wifjyD;vkyfaom
tvkyfrSeforQudk raumif;? igudk aSU
wef;rwifbJ vkyfaomtvkyfrSeforQudk
aumif;\[k b,fvykd ifa[ma[m uGsEykf f
wdkYu wkPDSbma0 qdwfqdwfaeawmf
rlMuqJjzpf\/ xkaYd Mumifv
Y nf; oHo&m
bOD;jzpfaeMuwkef;jzpf\/ wPSm? rme?
'dXd [laom w&m;oH;k yg;onf oHo&m
udkus,fapwwfaomaMumifY ]yyO} [k
qdyk g\/ wPSmonf uGsEykf w
f \
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udef;jyDqdkygu ukodkvfyJvkyfvkyf? tuk
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
odkvfyJvkyfvkyf? }ig} udkA[dkjyK vkyf\/

igYtwGuf b,favmufusefrSmvJ [l
aomawmifw
Y rI? qmavmifrjI zifv
Y yk \
f /
wPSm\ teufrSmvnf; ]qmavmif
jcif;}? ]vdpk m&if;jyjcif;}jzpf\/ uGsEykf w
f \
Ykd
yckuL rS q&mawmfwpfyg;um; wPSmudk
]iwfMu;D usjcif;} [k bmomjyefawmfr\
l /
oifaY wmfaypG/ xdaYk Mumifw
Y PSmjzifY avm
uudMk unfUaomtcg t&m&mwdik ;f udk ig
twGufcsnf; owfrSwf\/ rdrduom
tompHvdk\? temrcHvdkay/ rmejzifY
avmuud k Munf Y a omtcg ]igrd k Y v d k Y
vkyEf ikd w
f m tjcm;olawG rvkyEf ikd b
f ;l ? igh
vkv
d l ZrLrSmrSb
d ;l ] [k xifrw
S \
f / xdjYk yif
tkyfpkcJG\/ twef;tpm;cJG\/ toif;
tyif;zJG\/ teD;vl ta0;vl owfrSwf
\/ ausmom; &ifom;cJG\/ tjrif
onf bufvu
dk af omtjrifjzpf\/ w&m;
udk,ftm;jzifY rmaem pwlok 'd|d*w
0dy,kawok qdkonfYtwdkif; avmbrl
'd|d*w0dy,kwf jzpf\/ 'dXdjzifY avmu
udkMunfhaomtcg ]igY0g'? igYt,ltq
uomtrS e f ? igod w muomt[k w f ?
tjcm;olwdkY\0g' t,ltq todawG
[m tvum;} [k xifjrif\/ w&m;ud,
k f
tm;jzifY 'dXdpwlok 'dXd*wor,kawok
qdkonfhtwdkif; avmbrl 'd|d*w or,kwfjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifY yyOw&m;onf
oHk;yg;[kqdkaomfvnf; t&if;cHtm;jzifY
wPSmavmb wpfyg;wnf;omjzpf\/
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GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
t0dZmtajccHaom wPSmudk y,fEdkif

vQif wpfzufurf;udk a&mufrnfjzpf\/
Ak'a'oem avmbudkEdkifvQif
avmuudkEdkif\[k qdkyg\/ avmuudk
Edik jf cif;[lonfrmS avmurS vGwaf jrmuf
&m edAmefudk &jcif;jzpfyg\/ ,if;odkY jzpf
jcif;aMumifY uGsEkfwdkYonf oHMudK;ESifY wl
aom? taoaumifyyk Ef iS w
Yf al om? tjrKyf
w&m;ESifYwlaom tukodkvf[lorQudk
rjyKvkyfrdatmif? a&TMudK;ESifYwlaom?
opf w k H ; ES i f Y w l a om? tarsmw&m;ES i f Y
wl a om yyO w &m;jzif Y pJ G jyKaom
ukov
kd u
f kd rjyKvyk b
f J oHo&m\ wpfzuf
urf;odYk a&mifatmif ydaYk qmifwwfaom
0d0edw
d ukov
dk u
f kd jyKvyk
f ? xdo
k jYkd yK
&m tw a cgif ; yg;atmif u sif Y j cif ;
odkUr[kwf rdrd\pdwfudk jzLpifatmif
xm;jcif;[laomMo0g'udk vkdufem usifh
oHk;oifYyg\/ odkYrSom twonf xGm;
xGm; rvmbJ? yg;yg; oGm;um
aemufqHk; b0'kuwdkY\ csKyfjidrf;&m
edALwmudk a&mufEdkifrnf jzpfyg\/ odkY
r[k w f y gu uG s Ef k y f w d k Y o nf oH o &m
ork'&m arsmfvdkuf jrKyfvkdufESifY bOD;
a&ul;ae&OD;rnfom jzpfygonf/ xkdodkY
bOD;rjzpfvkdbl;qdkygu uGsEfkyfwdkYonf
bmoma&;e,fy,frSmyJjzpfjzpf EdkifiHa&;
e,fy,frSmyJjzpfjzpf? vlrIa&; pD;yGm;a&;
ynma&;e,fy,frSmyJjzpfjzpf udk,fUzdkY
csnf; rMunfYbJ tepfemcH pGefYvTwfjcif;?
2538
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wpfudk,faumif;rqefjcif; ]tavmb}
udk vnf;aumif;/ t&m&m[m bmrS
r[kwfygvm;? wpfaeYaeY wpfcsdefcsdef
us&ifigwdkYa&m igwdkYodrf;ydkufjyD; rmef
w<u<u vkyaf ewJY &mxl;tmPm? pD;yGm;
Opm bJUG xl;*kPx
f ;l ponfawG[m ysupf ;D
ukeq
f ;kH rSmygvm;[laom ]r&P} oabm
udkvnf;aumif;? avmuobm0? b0
cEmwdkY\ tSdw&m; trSefw&m;udk tSd
twdkif; trSeftwdkif; odjrifEdkifaom
]ynm} udkvnf;aumif; usifYoHk;yGm;rsm;
Edkifrnfqdkygu bOD;tjzpfrS vHk;0vGef
ajrmufrnf jzpfyg\/ 'kut
m;vH;k rS vH;k 0
vGeaf jrmufrnfjzpfyg\/ xdaYk MumifY bOD;
wd k Y . ..Mud K ;pm;Muavm? avmbawG
avQmYMuavm? rmeawGc0gcsMuavm?
tjrifrSefatmif MudK;pm;Muavm/
td.k ...bOD;wd?Yk MuK;d pm;Muavm?

avmbawGavQmMuavm? rmeawG c0gcs
Muavm? trSefawGjrifatmifMudK;pm;Mu
avm? oHo&mc&D;onf a&ul;orm;
bOD;csif; twlwl wpfa,mufudk wpf
a,muf &efvdkjcif;? aumufuspfjcif;
acgif;yHjk zwfjcif;awGukd pGeMYf uavm/ bOD;
wdo
Yk nf tajymum; aumif;vS\? tvkyf
um; (down) vS\/ xdaYk MumifY tajymudk
csHKU tvkyfudk csJUMuavm? tu,f
uGsEfkyfwdkYonf tajymomcsJU? tvkyfrJY
aeMurnfqdkygvQif tyg,f bOD;jzpf
vdu
k ?f vlbOD;jzpfvu
kd ?f ewfbOD;jzpfvu
dk ?f
jA[mbOD;jzpfvkdufESifY oHo&mwnf;
[laom ork'& m bOD;&if; bOD;aeMuOD;
rnfomjzpfyg\/
0efcHcsuf=Ak'a'oemawmfrsm;ESifY q&mMuD;
OD;a&Tatmif\ pmtkyfrsm;udk rSDjirf;ygonf/
S taygif;toif;eJU ruif;Edkifao;bl;qdk&ifawmh
jcaoFha[mufwm raMumufygeJU/
0HykavG&JU tNyKH;udk owdxm;yg/
oifuvnf; oifrh w
d af qGrsm;&JU taygif;toif;tjzpf olwUkd tay:
rtygeJU? dk;om;yg/
rvnfygeJU? oGufvufyg/
q&mpH (oDw*l)
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
bk&m;&SifcsD;rTrf;awmfrlaom ]]olemjyKpdwf"mwf}}
uarmZbduK (&wemyHkaqmif)
aemufqHk;awmh vufaxmuf armfuGef;
xde;f q&mawmf a'gufwmt&Siu
f w
d Ad v
\ Mo0g'ud k Mum;a,mif r d y g\/
]]a&;Muyg? a&;wmawGrSm;wm ygae&if
wdkYjyifay;rSmaygh}}? xdkpum;udk jyefMum;
aomtcg tm;wufrjd yefyg\/ xdaYk Mumifh
aqmif;yg;udk b,fvkd emrnfay;rnfenf;
pOf;pm;vdu
k af wmh ]]bk&m;&Sif cs;D rGr;f awmf
rlaom olemjyKpdwf"mwf}}[k emrnfay;
vdkufygonf/ rdrdrSm pmudkwpfcgrQ ra&;
bl;yg? twwfEdkifqHk; a&;om;xm;yg
onf/ 0gustxm;todk jrefrmpum;
rajyjypf r I p onf h tjypf r sm;yg&S d y gu
onf;cH ukPmxm; zwfIawmfrlMu
ygukef/
y * k P H t[H 0E m rd ? bk & m;
w&m; oHCm rdb q&morm;wdkYtm;
tav;tjrwf dkaoorIjyKyg\/ bk&m;
0wfjyKtNy;D ygarmucsKyf (vufaxmuf)
q&mawmf a'gufwmt&SifpEmoD&drS
]]pmtkyfxkwfa0rnf aqmif;yg; uAsm
&wka&;csiaf om ud,
k af wmfav;awG a&;
vdkY&ygw,f}}[k rdefYMum;aomtcg rdrd
onfvnf; aqmif;yg; wpfyk'favmuf
a&;om;csifpdwfay:vmygonf/
[kwfygNyD? a&;csifygNyDwJh bmtaMumif;
a&;rnfenf;? bmudk OD;wnfcsufxm;
a&;rnfenf;? rdrdrSmvnf; aqmif;yg;udk
bk&m;&Sifvufxufawmftcg
rqdx
k m;bd? uAsm wpfyikd ;f wpfpawmifrS
a&;zl;wmr[kw?f xdaYk Mumifh a&;&aumif; jzpfysufcJhaom tjzpftysufwpfckjzpfyg
Edk;? ra&;&aumif;Edk; pdwf'Gd[jzpfae\/ onf/ tcgwpfyg; &[ef;wpfyg;onf
2538
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SA G A ING
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M Y AN M
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"rRtoH
AR
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125
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0rf;oGeaf oma&m*g (0rf;avQma&m*g) jzpf

yGm;av\/ xkd&[ef;onf rdrd\ pGefYypf
NyD;aom usifBuD; usifi,fyif epfvQuf
tdyfav\/ wpfudk,fvHk;rSmvnf; usif
Bu;D usiif ,f ayusv
H Qu?f tm;jywfvQuf
ae&mrS xawmifrxEdik ?f olUukd vkyaf uR;
rnfh rdwfaqGtaygif;toif; &[ef;
vnf;r&Sd? oem;p&m tvGefaumif;ae
ygonf/
xdktcg bk&m;&Sifvnf; t&Sif
tmeEmrax&fudk ypmorP (aemuf
vkduf&[ef;) tjzpfac: ausmif;awmf
Bu;D \ vkt
d yfcsuu
f kd odawmfrzl Ykd ausmif;
aqmifawGudk wpfaqmifNyD;wpfaqmif
vSnfhvnfMunfhIawmfrlygonf/ xdkodkY
vSnv
hf nfMunfh UI &if; ausmif;aqmif wpf
aqmifay:odkY a&mufawmfrlaomtcg
xd0k rf;a&m*g jzpfaeaom *dvme&[ef;udk
jrifawmfr\
l / wpfu,
kd v
f ;kH usiBf u;D usif
i,f ayusHvQuf jzpfovdktdyfaeaom
xdk&[ef;udk jrifawmfrlaomtcg0,f
xdk*dvme&[ef;teD;odkY csOf;uyfawmf
rlNyD; xdk&[ef;udk ukPmtoHawmfjzifh
ar;jref;awmfrlygonf/ ]]cspfom;&[ef;
cspo
f m;rSm bmtema&m*gjzpfaewmvJ}}/
jrwfA'k u
- ]]'gqdk oifcspo
f m;udk
jyKpkvkyfauR;rnfh olemjyK&[ef; (*dvmE
ky|mu &[ef;) a&m wpfyg; wpfavrQ
r&Sdbl;vm;}}/
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bk&m;}}/
]]bmaMumifh oifcspfom;udk t
jcm;rd w f a qG & [ef ; rsm;u teD ; tem;
aeNyD;awmh rvkyfauR; rjyKpkMuwmvJ
cspfom;}} [k ar;awmfrlaomtcg xdk&
[ef;uvnf; rsufESmiHkU (&Suf[efwl
ygonf) ]]rSev
f yS g? wynhaf wmfu tjcm;
&[ef;rsm; aeraumif; rusef;rm jzpf
aomtcg rjyKpk rvkyaf uR;cJb
h ;l yg? vlem
owif;ar;zdv
Yk nf; wpfcgrS roGm;cJb
h ;l yg
bk&m;? 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkYvnf; tjcm;&[ef;
rsm;u wynfah wmfuv
kd mNy;D rjyKpk rvkyf
auR;wmjzpfrSmygbk&m;}} [k pdwftm;
i,fpmG ESihf jyefvnfavQmufxm;cJyh gonf/
'Dae&mrSm Mum;jzwf wpfck

ajymcsiyf gonf/ olUtvSnhf ud,
k t
hf vSnhf
0w&m; y&[dwpdwfESifh oufqdkifyg
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xdkolUtvSnfh a&mufaomtcgvnf;
rnfolurQ ulnDcsifvdrfhrnf r[kwfay?
]]bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwf ulnD&ifvnf; 0wfauswef;aus ulnD
pGmbk&m; wynfah wmfrmS 0rf;oGm; a&m*g Hyk jJ zpfygrnf/ 'guvnf; avmu ed,mr
jzpfyGm;aeygonfbk&m;}}[k xdk*dvme w&m;jzpfygonf/ olwpfyg;udk rulnD
&[ef;onf jyefavQmufav\/
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
cJhbl;aomoludk rdrdtvSnfhusrS jyef

arQmfvifhvdkY r&Edkifyg/ vlrIa&; odwwfrI
qdkwm tjyeftvSef&Sdygonf/ cke Zmwf
vrf;jyefppdkY xdkodkYMum;awmfrlaomtcg
bk&m;&Siu
f t&Sit
f meEmrax&fukd ]]cspf
om;tmeEm? oGm;acs a&cyfvmcJhavmh?
igwdkY 'D*dvme&[ef;udk a&csdK;ay;&rnf}}
[k rdefYawmfrlaomtcg t&Sif tmeEm
rax&f v nf ; rS e f v S y gjrwf p G m bk & m;
aqmif,lygcJYrnf[k avQmufxm;cJhyg
onf/
t&SiftmeEmrax&fvnf; xdk
*dvme&[ef; usifBuD;usifi,fwdkYjzifh
wpfudk,fvHk; ayyGaeonfudk jrifaom
tcg olonfvnf; pdwfaumif;[efrwl?
olvnf; Muifemoem;wwfonf r[kwf
ygvm;/ xdktcg tmeEmrax&fonf
vnf; a&udkaqmif,lawmfrlcJhygonf/
xdo
k ;kH a&udk &&Sad wmfrNl y;D aomtcg bk&m;
&SifESifh nDawmftmeEmwdkYu olwdkY\
olemjyKvkyfief;udk pwifygawmhonf/
bk&m;&Sifu xdk*dvme&[ef;udk a&jzifh
oGef;avmif;awmfrl tmeEmrax&fu
xdk*dvme&[ef;\ ayusHaeaom cEm
ud k , f u d k ok " f o if a q;aMumawmf r l y g
onf/ bk&m;&Sifu OD;acgif;rS udkifawmf
rl tmeEmrax&fu ajcudkudkifNyD;
aemifawmfnaD wmfEpS yf g; wufnv
D ufnD
olemjyKtvkyfudk vkyfay;cJhygonf/ NyD;
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aomtcg xdk*dvme&[ef;udk ukwif

ay:odYk nifompGm tem;,lapcJyh gonf/
xdktjzpftysufudk od&aomtcg t
uREykf rf mS usuo
f ;D arT;ni;f xrd\/ atmf.
bk&m;&Sif udk,fawmfjrwfudk,fwdkif olem
jyKtvkyu
f kd vkyu
f ikd cf w
hJ mygvm;[k awG;
rdwikd ;f bk&m;&Siu
f t
kd xl;Munfrkd ad v\/
cspfjrwfEdk;NyD;&if; ydkcspfjrwfEdk;rd\/ tdk
bkef;awmf BuD;jrwfawmfrlaom jrwfpGm
bk&m; ae&mrS wynfhawmf xdjcif;
ig;yg;jzihf dkaopGm&Sdcdk; uefawmhvdkuf
yg\/ atmf jrwfpmG bk&m;ud,
k w
f ikd f ol\
wynhw
f u
Ykd kd ud,
k af wmfu,
kd w
f ikd f vrf;Tef
NyD; vufawGUolemjyK tvkyfudk vkyfjy
cJw
h mygvm;/ Munfzkd t
Ykd vGeaf umif;av
pGwum;/ xdktjzpftysufjzpfNyD;aemuf
oHCmhtpnf;ta0; wpfckrSm jrwfpGm
bk&m;u ]]cspfom;&[ef;wdkY? rnf
aomausmif;rSm *dvme&[ef; wpfyg;&Sd
ygovm;}}[k ar;awmfral omtcg &[ef;
wdkYuvnf; ]]rSefvSyg? &Sdygonfbk&m;}}[k
avQmufxm;Muygonf/ 'gqdk tJ'*D v
d me
&[ef ; jzpf w J h a &m*gu bma&m*gvJ
cspfom;wdkY/ rSefvSyg? 0rf;avQma&m*g
ygbk & m;? 'gqd k ol e mjyK&[ef ; rsm;u
tJ'*D v
d me&[ef;udk jyKpv
k yk af uR;&JUvm;?
rvkyfauGs;Muygbk&m;? bmaMumifh olem
jyK&[ef;rsm; r&So
d vJ cspo
f m;wd?Yk rSev
f yS g
tJ'D *dvme&[ef;u wpfjcm; &[ef;
2538
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SA G A ING
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awGudk rjyKpk rvkyfauR;cJhzl;ygbk&m;?

'gaMumifh &[ef;awGuvnf; olUudk vm
rjyKpkwmygbk&m;[k avQmufxm;cYJMuyg
onf/
\/ olemjyKpdwf"mwfudk xm;&SdzdkY rdefYrSm

cJjh cif;vnf;jzpfyg\/ rSe\
f ? tuREykf w
f rYkd mS
rdb armifErS om;csi;f wkEYd iS hf a0;uGmaom
ae&m udk,fpD udk,fpD a&muf&SdaeMu
yg\/ wpfckckjzpfvQif rdbaqGrsdK;wdkYu
a&mufrvmEdik ?f tcsi;f csi;f Munfakd om
pdw?f nmwmaompdw?f em;vnfciG v
hf w
T f
aom pdwfwdkYESifh wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tcsif;
csif; dkif;yif;ulnD&ayrnf/ 'grSvnf;
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ Mo0g'pum;ESifhtnD
jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ 'grSvnf; jrwfbk&m;\
pum;awmfukd vdu
k ef m&ma&mufrnf jzpf
ygonf / 'grS v nf ; jrwf p G m bk & m;ud k
aus;Zl ; qyf & ma&muf r nf j zpf y gonf /
xdaYk Mumifh tem*gwfacgif;aqmifaumif;
wpfa,mufjzpfvmzdkY ckcsdefuwnf;u
y&[dwpdwf"mwfudk arG;jrLMuygpdkY[k
wdkufwGef;&if; ]]bk&m;&Sif csD;rGrf;awmf
rlaom olemjyKpdwf"mwf}} aqmif;yg;udk
'Dae&mrSmyJ tqHk;owfvdkuf&ygonf/
xdktcg bk&m;&Sifu tvGefrSwf

om; vdkufemzdkYaumif;aom pum;udk
rdefYawmfrlygonf/ ]]cspfom;&[ef;wdkY
tckoifwdkYtm;vHk;[m rdb aqGrsdK;
armifESrom;csif;awGeJY ta0;wpfae&m
udk a&muf&adS eMuwmyg? tck oifcspo
f m;
wdkY&JU rdbaqGrsdK; armifESrawG[m oif
wdkYeJYtwl &SdraeMuygbl;? oifcspfom;wdkY
aeraumif;jzpfwt
hJ cg ruse;f rmwJh tcg
olwdkY[m oifcspfom;wdkYudk vmNyD;awmh
rjyKpk? rvkyfauR;Edkifbl;? 'ghaMumifh oif
cspo
f m;wdYk tcsi;f csi;f rS rvkyaf uR; rjyKpk
Mubl;qdk&if b,foluvmNyD; oifcspf
om;wdkYudk jyKpkrSmvJ}}/ ]]a,m bdua0 rH
Oy|a[,s? aom *dvmeH Oy|a[,s}}
]]igbk&m;udk jyKpkvkyfauR;csifwJholwdkif;
olawmfaumif;w&m; ae&mwdik ;f
ruse;f rrmjzpfaewJh *dvme&[ef;udk jyKpk
vkyaf uR;Mu? *dvme&[ef;udk vkyaf uR;jyK rSm xGef;awmufygapownf;/
pkwm[m igbk&m;udk jyKpkvkyfauR;wmeJY
uarmZbduK (&wemyHkaqmif)
twlwlyJ cspfom;wdkY}}/
wpfoufwm arhr&aom Mo0g'

udk bk&m;&Siu
f rderYf mS awmfrcl jhJ cif; jzpfyg (rSwcf su)f 0de,yd#u? r[m0*ygVdawmf
\/ tuREfkyfwdkYwpfoufwm vdkufem& pD0&uEuvm *dvme0wKudk rSDjirf;
rnfh Mo0g'jzpfyg\/ tuREykf w
f Ykd y&[dw a&;om;ygonf/
pdw"f mwfukd Ek;d Mum;zdYk pum;vnf; jzpfyg
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
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GNI A
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52 .
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EB
'e Philosophy ESifh Ak'"r

t&Sirf medw (uspmG )
Ak ' a *gwrbk & m; rarG ; zG m ;cif E S i f h

arG;zGm;NyD;aemufydkif; tdEd,\'eqkdif&m
avmu tjrifacwfrsm; ajymif;vJvmyku
H dk avh
vm&mwGif acwfav;acwf&Sd\/ yxrOD;qHk;
acwfonf a0'avmutjrifacwfESifh Oy
edoQ'af vmutjrifacwfjzpf\/ ]a0'} [laom
a0g[m&onf ]od&Sd&ef} [laomt"dyg,f&\/
od&Sd&efqkdonfrSm (1)ka0' (2),Zka0'
(3)omra0' (4)txA (P) a0' [laom
a0'av;usrf;ukd od&Sd&rnf[kqkdvkdonf/
xkdusrf;av;usrf;\ wpfusrf;pDwGif
(1)rE& (2) jAm[P (3) t&nu (4)
OyedoQ'[
f al om usr;f i,ftykid ;f av;ykid ;f pDjzifh
zGJYpnf;xm;\/ Oyrm- ka0'usrf;xJ&Sd rE&
ykid ;f wGif tdE,
d avmutjrif\ tpOD;jzpfay:
ykHudkaz:jy jAm[Ptykdif;wGif jA[mtyg
t0if jA[m\ vufatmufcH ewfbk&m;
rsm;\taMumif; t&mrsm;ESifh ylaZmfyoenf;
rsm; yg0if\/ t&nuESihf OyedoQ'f tykid ;f wkYd
avmutjrifEiS yfh ufowfaom jyemrsm;ukd

aqG;aEG;csufrsm;yg0if\/ tjcm;usef (3)
usrf;wGifvnf; qkdif&mtykdif; (4) ykdif;tvkduf
az:jycsufrsm;trsdK;rsKd;yg0if\/ a0'usrf;rsm;
ukd rnfonfhu@rS avhvmonfjzpfap I
axmift
h m;jzifh tykid ;f (4) ykid ;f jzifh avhvm&
vlw\
Ydk b0udv
k nf;tykid ;f (4) ykid ;f jzifh avhvm
&\/
(1)vlw\
Ydk yxrt&G,o
f nf (rE&
tykdif;) i,f&G,fonfhtcsdefjzpf pmoifom;
t&G,jf zpf\/ (2) 'kw,
d t&G,o
f nf (jAm[P
tykdif;) tdrfaxmifjyKonfht&G,fjzpf jA[m
ESifh yufowfaomylaZmfyojcif;udpwkdYudk
aqmif&Guf&onfht&G,fjzpf\/ (3) wwd,
t&G,fonf (t&nutydkif;) tdkrif;NyDjzpf
vlYavmuudprsm;ukd pGefYvTwf awmxGuf
vkdu awmxGufEkdifaomt&G,fjzpf\/ (4)
pwkwt&G,fonf (OyedoQ'ftydkif;) raorSD
w&m;tm;xkwjf cif;ESihf trSew
f &m;uk&d &Sad tmif
jyKvkyf&aomt&G,fjzpf\/
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'k w d , acwf r S m ]r[muAsmacwf }

jzpf\/ r[muAsmqkdonfrSm uAsmBuD; ESpfck
jzpf a om ]]&mr,eES i f h r [mb&w}} wk d Y \
trnfrsm;ukd trSjD yKac:a0:xm;jcif;jzpf\/
wwd,acwfonf okwacwfjzpf\/ okw
acwfwiG f tdE,
d 'eavmutjrif pepfrsm;
ay:vGifxif&Sm;cJh\/ qkdvkdonfrSm a0'usrf;
rsm;ukd vufcHxm;aom 'epepfrsm;ESifh
a0'usrf;rsm;ukdvufrcHaom 'epepfrsm;
ay:xGufvmjcif;aMumifhjzpf\/ a0'usrf;rsm;
ukd vufcHaom *kdPf;om;rsm;rSm ,0daoodu*kdPf;? ocsFma,m**kdPf;ESifh a0'Em;
(rDrHodu) *kdPf;wkdYjzpfMu\/ a0'usrf;rsm;udk
vufrcHaom*kdPf;rsm;rSm Ak'0g'? pmk0gu
0g'ESifh *sdrf;0g'*kdPf;wkdYjzpfMu\/ xkda0'usrf;
rsm;udk vufrcHaom *kdPf;okH;*kdPf;wGif Ak'
0g'ukd wnfaxmifawmfrlaom Ak'a*gwr\
*kdPf;onf txif&Sm;qkH;jzpfcJh\/ pwkwacwf
onf pmayacwf (od)Yk okwu
sr;f rsm;ukd a0zef
csufrsm;ay; ,lqcsufrsm;udk qef;ppfaom
acwf[ljzpf\/
]]'e}} [laoma0g[m&pum;vkH;onf
ta&Sw
h idk ;f vlryI sKd ;axmifrpI epf (Eastern Culture) xJrS tdEd,EdkifiH\ Culture t& ay:
aygufvmaom bmompum; pum;vkH;wpfck
jzpf \ /]]'e}}[l a omt"d y g ,f o nf
ygVdbmomjzifh ]]jrifjcif;}} [k teuft"dyg,f
&\/ ae&m jrifonfq&dk mwGif trSew
f &m;
ukdjrifonf[k qdkjcif;jzpf\/ trSefw&m;ukd
jrifonfqkd&mwGif vlYb0ESifhvnf;aumif;?
jyifyavmuESiv
hf nf;aumif;ywfouf trSef
w&m;ukd jrifjcif;[kqkd\/ Oyrm-t&m0wK
wpfckudkjrif xkdt&m0wKonf vljzpfonf?
wd&dpmefjzpfonf? opfyifjzpfonf? pm;yGJjzpf
onf? ckjH zpfonf tp&So

d nft
h mko
H d (Perceptual knowledge) jzifhodjcif;rsKd; r[kwfay/
xkdjrif&aom ouf&SdoufrJh tmkHwkdYESifh ywf
ouf o nf h aemuf u G , f u ajymif ; vJ j cif ;
oabm tp&SdonfwkdYukd jrifjcif;[kqkd\/
wenf;qkdaomf tdEd,u ]]'e}} qkdonfrSm
vl Y b 0? vl Y a vmuuk d M unf h tppf t rS e f
oabmonf tb,fokdY&Sdonfukd vufawGY
b0ESihf xif[yf Ijrifjcif;ESiahf wG;ac:pOf;pm;
csOf ; uyf o nf h e nf ; vrf ; (Approaching
method) jzifh avhvmaom avmutjrif
yifjzpf\/ xkdavmutjrifukdavhvm&mwGif
vl Y b 0vnf ; aumif ; ? vl Y a vmuvnf ;
aumif; trSefw&m;ukd&SmazGpl;prf; avhvm
jcif;? awG;ac:jcif;? qef;ppfjcif;? a0befjcif;
ponfwkdYyg0if\/
tdE,
d 'eynm\ a,bk,s vu
Pmrsm;ukd avhvm&mwGif (1) kyfykdif;qkdif&m
tusK;d &Srd o
I nf vlb
Y 0\ tjrifrh m;qk;H &nfreS ;f
csufyef;wkdifr[kwfbJ pdwfykdif;qkdif&m t
aMumif;t&mukd tav;teufxm;NyD; vlYb0
&Sdaeaom raumif;rIrsm;ukd rnfokdYxkwf
y,fjypf &rnfenf;[laomtajzukd &SmazGjcif;
oabm&Sdjcif; (2) 'eESifh vlYb0ukd rcGJ
jcm;xm;bJ todynm&&SNd y;D onft
h cg vlb
Y 0\
qif;&J'kursm;rS vGwfuif;atmif vufawGY
usifhokH;&efjzpfjcif; (3) avmu\ tppftrSef
oabmESifhywfouf twGif;odpdwfrSom
od&SdEkdifonf[k ,lqjcif; (4) tmkHod (Perceptual knowledge) ESifhqifjcifod (Reasonable knowledge) ukd vufcHMuaomf
vnf; tppftrSefodukdum; tvdkvdkod (c)
wku
d f u
dk o
f d (Intuitional knowledge) jzifo
h m
odEkdif onf[k cH,ljcif; (5) a&S;tpOftvm
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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usrf;*efrsm;rS ukd;um;&aom todudkvnf;

vufcNH y;D pkpnf; jyefvnfaz:xkww
f wfjcif;
(6) bmoma&;ESihf 'etjrif? todynmESihf
vufawGY? tvkdvkdodESifh qifjcifod? vlESifh
obm0avmu ponfwkdYukd nDnTwfpGm quf
pyf IaxmihftrsKd;rsKd;rS MunfhIqifjcifNyD;
aygif;pnf;wwfonfhoabmudk &SmazGjcif;
wkydY ifjzpf\/ onfrmS tdE,
d 'e oabm
\ tusOf;jzpf\/
'Philosophy' [l a oma0g[m&
pum;vkH;onf taemufwdkif; vlrlysKd;axmifrSk
pepf (Western culture) xJr*S &dEidk if \
H culture t& ay:aygufvmaom pum;vk;H tok;H
tESkef;wckNzpf\/ *&dbmompum;rS Philein
(zDvif;) ESihf sophia (qkdzD,m) pum;vkH;
ESpcf u
k kd aygif; Philosophy [k ac:a0:Ncif;
Nzpf\/ Philein\t"dyg,frSm (to love= cspf
jrwf E k d ; &ef ) ES i f h sophia rS m (wisdom =
Pfynm) [kqkd\/ xkdYaMumifh Philosophy
\t"dyg ,frmS rl&if;oabmt& ]]Pfynmukd
cspjf rwfE;dk jcif;}} jzpf\/ qkv
d o
dk nfrmS awG;ac:
pOf;pm; &&Sv
d monfh mPfynmudk cspjf rwf
Ekd;&ef[kqkdvkdjcif;jzpf\/ a&S;*&d vlrsKd;wkdYonf
urmavmuBuD;ukdMunfh tHhMoMuonfrSm
ur m avmuBuD ; onf rnf o k d Y j zpf v m
oenf;/ rnfodkYaom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh jzpfvm
oenf;paomar;cGe;f rsm;ukd tajz&Sm\/ xdo
k Ydk
tajz&Sm&mcsOf;uyfavhvm aomenf;vrf;
(Approaching method) rSm tqkjd yKcsur
f sm;
(propositions(or)statements) udp
k epfwus
wpfckESifhwpfck qufpyfaeatmifpOf;pm; awG;
ac:onfh enf;vrf;udk tok;H jyKMu\/ okjYd zpf
taemuf w k d i f ; om;rsm;tzd k Y Philosophy
qkdonfrSmtodynmukd pepfwus usdK;pm;&Sm
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azGMu &&Sdvmaom todPf ynmukd

jrwfE;dk wefz;dk xm;jcif; oabmaqmifNy;D tjzpf
tysuf (event) ESifh tcsuftvuf (fact) ukd
avhvmrI jyK&m ]]todynmonf todynm
twGufom}} (knowledge for the sake of
knowledge) &SmazGavhvmjcif; oabmvnf;
aqmif\/
Philosophy \ a,bk,svuPm
rsm;wGif (1) tjzpftysuf? tcsuftvufudk
avhvmjcif;xuf if;todynmrsm; (knowledge) \ aemufuG,frS eufIdif;aom Pf
ynm (wisdom) &&Sda&;ukdykdrkdwefzkd;xm;jcif;
(2) todtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYukd IaxmifhtrsKd;rsKd;rS
a0zefo;Hk oyfjcif;oabm (Critical analysis)
(3) tawG;opf? tjrifopf? pdwful;opfwkdYudk
jzpfay:aponfhqifjcifMuHqwwfjcif;oabm
(speculative) (4) oufqkdif&m wefzdk;xm;
csufrsm;ukdtqkH;tjzwfay;wwfjcif;oabm
(Decision about the values) (5) uJNG ym; jcm;
em;rI rsm;Mum;rSwlnDcsufrsm;udk aygif;pyfNyD;
jrifwwfjcif;oabm (Synoptic) &Sdjcif;wkdYyif
jzpf\/ xkda,bk,svuPmrsm;udk tajccH
a&S; acwf?tv,facwf?rsufarSmufacwf
(Acient, Middle age&Contemporary)
philosophy [l philosophy acwftoD;
oD;&SdcJh&mrS jrifuGif;rsm; (scopes) Nzpfaom
bmomcJGynm&yfrsm; (branches) ay:xGuf
cJh\/
yxrjrifuiG ;f onf ,kwad A' (logic)
Iaxmifhjzpf vlwdkY\qifjcifwkHw&m; (reasoning) ukp
d epfwus avhvmrIjyK qifjcifrI
rSefonf (valid)? qifjcifrIrSm;onf (invalid)
ukd avhvmaom ynm&yfjzpf\/ 'kwd,jrif
uGif;onf ukd,fusifhw&m;ynm (ethics) I
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axmifjh zpf vlw\

Ydk tjyK trlrsm;rS b,ftjyK
trlonf aumif;onf? qkd;onf? rSefonf?
rSm;onf (good, bad, right & wrong)
wkdYudk pepfwusavhvm jzpfoifhonfh o
abmukd tqk;H tjzwfay;onfh ynm&yfjzpf\/
wwd,jrifuGif;onf odrIaA' (epistemology) Iaxmifhjzpf vlwkdY odaeonfqkdonfh
todrsm;ukd tmkHod (Perceptiual knowledge)? qifjcifod (Reason knowledge)
tp&Sdojzifh cJGjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmNyD; vlwkdY
odaeonfh todykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;ukd avhvmaom
ynmjzpf\/ pwkwjrifuGif;onf &SdrIaA'
(Ontology) I a xmif h j zpf avmuBuD ;
twGif;&Sd tNrJrajymif;vJbJ wnf&Sdaeonfh
t&Sw
d &m; (existence and nature of being)
wkdUESifhoufqkdifonfh t&mrsm;ukd a0zefaqG;
aEG; avhvmrIjyKaom ynm&yfjzpf\/ yr
jrif u G i f ; onf &oynm (aesthetics)
Iaxmifhjzpf tEkynmqdkif&m t,ltq
rsm;udk philosophy IaxmifhrS avhvmaom
ynmjzpf\/ q|rjrifuiG ;f onf (philosophy
of x) Iaxmifhjzpf vlom;wkdYpepfwus
&SmazGaz:xkwfxm;aom todynmpepfrsm;
Oyrm (culture, religion,education, history, science,law,...and so on) rS wckukd
(x) ae&mwGif tpm;xk;d xnfo
h iG ;f philosophy \ scopes rsm;jzifh 0ifa&mufavhvmNyD;
oufqidk &f mynm&yfrsm;ukd a0zefqef;ppfjcif;?
Iaxmifhtopf? t,ltqopfrsm; az:xkwf
jcif;yifjzpf\/ onfwkdYrSm taemufwkdif;
philosophy \ tajccHoabmtusO;f jzpf\/
tdEd,EkdifiHwGif a&S;tpOftvm a0'?
OyedoQ'fusrf;rsm;udk vufrcHaom *kdPf;rsm;
ay:xGef;cJh\/ xkd*kdPf;rsm;teuf Ak'*kdPf;ukd
pwifwnfaxmifolrSm tdEd,jynf ta&SU

ajrmufbuf [dr0EmawmifajcwGif&Sdaom
uydv0wfaejynfawmfrS bk&ifoka'g"eESifh
rdzk&m; r,fawmfrm,mwkdY\om;awmf od'w
ac: a*gwryifjzpf\/ od'wrif;om;onf
touf(29) ESpfwGif xD;eef;pnf;pdrf? om;ESifh
r,m;wkdYukd pGefYcGm awmxGufNyD; w&m;
usi\
hf / jyif;xefaom tusiw
hf u
Ydk dk (6)ESpw
f idk f
wkdif usifhcJhNyD; oAnKwPfukd q&mryg
rdrdudk,fwkdif odNrifNyD; Ak'tjzpfokdYa&muf\/
]] Ak'}} [laom t"dyg,frSm opmav;yg;ukd
q&mryg rdrdukd,fwkdif odjrifNyD; tNcm;aom
ow0gtaygif;udk jyefvnfa[mMum;Ekdifol[k
t"dyg,f&\/ Ak'w&m;awmft& opmav;
yg;ukdodjrifjcif;onf edAmefukdodjrifjcif; (odkY)
a&mufjcif;jzpf\/ Ak'ac:a*gwrbk&m;onf
oufawmf (35)ESpfrS oufawmf (80) txd
(45) ESpfwm umv wkdifwkdif w&m;"rrsm;ukd
rdr\
d wynfo
h m;oHCmrsm;ESit
hf wl vSnv
fh nf
a[mMum;cJhNyD; oufawmf (80) t&G,fwGif
y&dedAmefjyKawmfrlcJh\/
Ak'a[mMum;awmfrlaomw&m;awmf
(odkh) avmutNrifukd ]"r} [kac:\/ ]"r}
[lonfrSm ygVdbmompum;Nzifh vdkufem&ef?
usifhoHk;&ef (to hold (or) to bear up) [k
t"dyg,f&NyD; tNynfhtpkHrSm razmufrNyef?
raNymif;vJbJ wnf&adS eaom tppftrSew
f &m;
(ultimate reality) [kt"dyg,f&\/ Ak'"r\
a,bk , svu P mrsm;uk d avh v m&mwG i f
t"dutusqkH; tESpfom&rSm ]opmav;yg;
w&m;} yifNzpf\/ Ak'" rut
dk csKu
hd trSew
f &m;
&SmazGro
kS ufoufr[kwaf omaMumifh Philosophy r[kwf[kqdkMu\/ tcsdKhynm&Sifrsm;u
xm0&bk&m;yg0ifaomzefqif;&Sib
f &k m; (Cre-
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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ator (or) God) t,ltqryg0if zefqif;

&Sif bk&m;ukd ,HkMunfaom0g' (Religion)
w&yfr[kw[
f v
k nf; qkMd uNyef\/ xm0&bk&m;
ryg0ifaomae&mrSt,ltqrsm; (Religion)
xJwGif&SdaeNcif;uvnf;aumif;? trSefw&m;
oufoufukd &SmazGNcif;r[kwfaome,fy,frS
avmutNrifrsm; PhilosophyxJwGif &Sdae
Ncif;u vnf;aumif; txufyg t,ltq
rsm;ukd y,f&Sm;Nypf&efvkdtyf\/ Ak'"ronf
Philosophy [kwfr[kwf Religion [kwf
r[kwfqkdonfrSm Philosophy ESihf Religion
wdu
hk dk rnfonfah e&m rnfot
hkd "dyg ,f aumuf
,l rnfodkh uGJNym;Ncm;em;rSk&Sdonf[laom
tcsufwGifomrlwnf\/
Ak'w&m;awmfwGif t"dutusqkH;
vuPmrSm opmav;yg;uko
d Nd rifr?kS odatmif
tm;xkwfrSkwkdhyifNzpf\/ yxrOD;pGmAk'onf
opmav;yg;w&m;awmfudk yO0*D (5) yg;wku
hd dk
"rpMumokwaf wmft& tao;pdwaf [mMum;
cJ\
h / Ak'\
yxropmw&m;onf ]'kuo
pm}
Nzpf\/ 'kuqkdonfrSmqif;&JNcif;Nzpf 'ku
opmqkdonfrSmqif;&JNcif;trSefw&m;Nzpf\/
qkv
d o
kd nfrmS vl?ewf? NA[m? ow0grSeo
f rQ
rdrw
d \
Ykd b0wGif rnforhkd Qa&Smif r&Ekid af om
(1)y#doaEae&Ncif; (2)tk&d Ncif; (3)em&Ncif;
(4)aoqkH;&Ncif; (5)rcspfrESpfoufolwdkhESifh
aygif;azmf&Ncif; (6)cspfcifESpfoufolwkdYESifh
auGuiG ;f &Ncif; (7)tvk&d o
dS nfudk r&Ncif;ESihf (*)
tusOf;tm;Nzifh cEmig;yg;[k qkdaom&kyf?
emrfESpfyg;wkdhukd &&SdNcif;onfyif qif;&JNcif;
trSew
f &m; Nzpfonf[k "rpMumokwaf wmft&
a[m\/ xkdqif;&Jjcif; trSefukd odaom
Pftm; 'kuo
pmPf[ak c:\/ xkyd xr
opmt& ow0grSeforQonf xkd'kuopm
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w&m;wkrYd S vGwu
f if;Ekid af om oabmrnfonf
r&Sad Mumif; odomxif&mS ;\/
Ak'k \
'kw,
d opmonf ]ork',opm}
jzpf\/ ork',qko
d nfrmS ]jzpfay:vmapjcif;}
oabm &S
d ork',opmqko
d nfrmS qif;&J
jcif ; w&m;rsm;uk d jzpf a y:vmapaom t
aMumif;trSefw&m; jzpf\/ qkdvkdonfrSm
ork ' ,op m onf taMumif ; jzpf 'k u
opmonf tusK;d jzpf\/ xkq
d if;&Jjcif;w&m;ukd
jzpfay:vmapaom taMumif;w&m;rSm wzef
b0opfukd jzpfay:vmapwwfaom rwG,f
wmoifhonfukd wG,fwmuyfNidjcif; ]wPSm}
oabmyif j zpf \ / Ak ' " r t & avmu
cspf c if z G , f ? om,mzG , f o abmonf & S d \ /
xkw
d PSmjzpfonf&adS omf xkcd spcf ifz,
G ?f om,m
zG,f tmkH jzpf wnfonf&adS omf xkcd sicf if
zG,?f om,mzG,t
f mkH wnf\/ xkt
d mk[
H k
qk&d m twGi;f ty tm,we (12) yg; (rsupf ?d
em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? uk,
d ?f pdw?f tqif;? toH?
teH?Y t&om? tawGt
Y xd? "rmk)H tygt0if
if ; wk d Y E S i f h yuf o wf q uf E G , f a om tmk H
trsKd ;rsK;d wdYk yg0if\/ umrwPSm? b0wPSm?
0db0wPSm [kqadk om wPSmok;H ;rsKd ;tvku
d f
qkid &f m b0ykpH t
H rsK;d rsK;d jzpfay:vm&onf[k
qd\
k / xko
d rk',opmonf ow0grSeo
f rQwYdk
vGwu
f if;Ekid af om oabmrnfonf r&Sad Mumif;
odomxif&Sm;\/
Ak'\
wwd,opmonf ]eda&m"opm}
jzpf\ eda&m"qko
d nfrmS ] csKyNf ird ;f jcif;} jzpf
eda&m"opmqko
d nfrmS 'kur S vGwaf jrmufjcif;
(okdY)csKyfNidrf;jcif; trSefw&m;[kt"dyg,f&\/
Ak'"rt& 'kuopm[lonf taMumif;rJh
jzpfay:vmjcif;r[kwf 'kuu
dk jzpfay:apaom
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taMumif;w&m; (ork',opm) onf trSef

&S\
d / xkt
d aMumif;w&m;ork',opmukd acs
zsuf E k d i f v Qif tusKd ; w&m;jzpf a om 'k u
opmonf ay:aygufvmawmhrnfr[kwaf y/
xkaYd Mumifh 'kuo
pmrS vGwaf jrmuf jcif;oabm
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taMumif;t&if;rSejf zpfaom ork',opmukd
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vGwaf jrmufjcif; eda&m"opmukd uREykf w
f o
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tajctae taMumif;t&mrsm;ukd usiMhf uH tm;
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jcif; eda&m"opmukd ]edAmef} [kac:\/ Ak'
jrwfpGmESifh wynfhom;&[Emrsm;onf ,ck
rsuaf rSmufb0rSmyif eda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;
edAm efu&dk &Sad Mumif; usr;f *efrsm;wGif txif
t&Sm;&S\
d / okaYd omf vlw\
Ykd tmko
H ?d qifjcifod
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y&rww&m;wkdYrnfonf orkwdac: ynwf
w&m;rsm;jzifh ajymqkd&Sif;vif;cgrQESifh trSef
twkdif; odEkdifaomw&m;rsKd;r[kwf[kqdk\/
edAm efoabm? eda&m"opmoabmukd &Si;f vif;
a[mjyrI rSeforQonfvnf; rnfonfhtcgrS
jynfhpkHrnf r[kwf? ajymqkd&Sif;vif;jykHESifh
oabmaygufNyD; usifhMuHtm;xkwfrIryg0ifbJ
edAm efa&mufonf qkv
d Qiv
f nf; edAm efrrnfay/
Ak'\
teD;aewynhjf zpfol yd#uwfo;Hk ykaH qmif
t&SiftmeEmonf Ak'\w&m;awmfrsm;ukd
aumif;pGmod&adS omfvnf; Ak'b
&k m; y&deAd m efpH
awmfrNI y;D rSom usiMhf uH tm;xkwrf I jyKco
hJ jzifh
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d Nf y;D edAm efa&mufonfukd usr;f
*efrsm;wGif txift&Sm; awGU&\/ ysm;&nfudk
rok;H aqmifz;l olwpfO;D tm; ysm;&nftaMumif;
ukd rnfoyYkd if&iS ;f jyapumrl ysm;&nf\t&om

tppftrSeu
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f uJo
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nfa[m
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h / xdaYk Mumifh eda&m"opmt& 'ku\
csKyfNidrf;rSKonf trSef&Sd\[k qdk&rnfjzpf\/

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cspcf ifz,
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aemifwpfzefjzpfay:jcif; r&SdbJcsKyfNidrf;\/
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ay:vmrnfhtaMumif;w&m;wdkYonf jzpfay:
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G af om
tmHktrsKd;rsKd;wdkYonfvnf; eda&m"opmt&
puKuJhodkYyif jzpf\/ odkY 'kutaygif;rS
t<uif;r&Sd csKyfNidrf;rSKonfyif edAmefac:
eda&m"opmyifjzpf\[k Ak'a [mawmfrcl \
hJ /
Ak'\ pwkwopmonf ]r*opm}
jzpf\/ r*fqo
kd nfrmS ]vrf;} [k t"dyg ,f&Ny;D
r* o p m onf ed a &m"op m ac: ed A m ef o d k Y
oGm;&aomvrf; [k t"dyg ,f&\/ qdv
k o
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twGuf usiBhf uH yGm;rsm;tm;xkw&f aom enf;
vrf; (8) vrf;udk ac:jcif;jzpf\/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh{&m0wDjrpf\ rSmbufurf;onf
eda&m"opme,fajrjzpf [krd mS bufurf;onf
'kuopme,fajr[kqdkvQif r*opm[lonf
'kuo
pme,fajrrSead &m"opm e,fajrodYk ul;l
ay;Edkifaomt*Fg&Spfyg;&SdaomazmifBuD;ESifh
wl\/ 4if;t*Fg (8) yg;&Sad om r*iw
f iG f orm
0gpm? ormurE? ormtmZD0[laom oDv
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
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r*if(3)yg;? orm0g,r? ormowd? orm

orm"d[al om orm"dr*if (3)yg; ESihf orm'd|?d
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\/ oDvr*ifrS orm0gpmqdkonfrSm rSefpGm
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pum;? ukef;pum;? &kefh&if;Murf;wrf;aom
pum;? Nyed zf si;f aompum;wku
hd dk aNymqkNd cif;rS
a&SmifMuOfNcif;wdkh yg0if\/ ormurE qkd
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d o
kd nfrmS
olwyg;toufukd owfNcif;? ray;onfukd
,lNcif;? umr*kPw
f hdk rSm;,Gi;f pGmusiNhf cif;wku
hd dk
a&SmifMuOfNcif;wkdYyg0if\/ ormtmZD0 qdk
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a&S m if M uOf j cif ; wk d Y yg0if \ / orm"d r * i f r S
orm0g,mrqdkonfrSm rSefpGm tm;xkwfjcif;
jzpf\/ qdkvkdonfrSm tukodkvfw&m;wkdYudk
y,fazsmufapvd
k ukov
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Yk kd wd;k yGm;
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ormowdonf rSefpGm atmifharhjcif;jzpf\/
qdkvdkonfrSm jyif;pGm;tm;xkwfaom vHkYv&Sd
onf jzpf orZOfOmPfEiS hf ,SOu
f mtbdZm
a'grudky,fazsmufkyftaygif; kyf
taygif;udv
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GNI A
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52 .
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jcif;? 'kuj zpfaMumif; odjrifjcif;? 'kuc sKy&f mudk

odjrifjcif;ESifh 'kucsKyf&mjzpfaom edAmefodkY
a&mufaMumif; tusihf odjrifjcif;wdu
Yk kd qdv
k kd
onf/ ormouFyqdkonfrSm rSefpGmBuHjcif;
jzpf\/ qdkvdkonfrSm umrtmHkwdkYrS vGwf
uif;aom BupH nfjcif;? zsuq
f ;D jcif;rS vGwu
f if;
aom BupH nfjcif;ESihf nSi;f qJjcif;rS vGwu
f if;
aom BupH nfjcif;wdYk yg0if\/ tcsKyq
f akd omf
r*if (8) yg;onf oDv? orm"d? ynmyifjzpf
4if ; wk d Y u d k jynf h p H k a tmif t m;xk w f E d k i f y gu
edAm efuakd &mufapaom vufawGu
Y siBhf u&H aom
enf;vrf;usiphf Ofrsm;yifjzpf\/ Ak'\
opm
av;yg; ork',onftaMumif; 'kuonf
tusd K ;? r* o nf t aMumif ; ed a &m"onf
tusK;d Nzpf tpDtpOfpyfqufrkS uif;rJah eaom
w&m;rsm; r[kwb
f J tusK;d taMumif; qufpyf
Nzpfay:aeaom opmw&m;rsm;NzpfNy;D tp?
tv,f? tqk;H Ny;D Nynfph NHk y;D aom avmutNrif
w&m;Nzpf\/ um; Ak'"r\ tESpfom&
w&m;Nzpfaom opmav;yg;w&m;tusO;f rQyif
Nzpf\
Ak ' \ op m w&m;&S m azG r S k q k d i f & m
avmutNrif e nf ; vrf ; onf rd r d \ cE m
ud,
k w
f iG f Nzpfay:aeaomw&m;wkrhd S tZwE iS hf
A[d'avmuESpfckqufpyfrSkw&m;ukd trSef
twkid ;f odNrifatmif usiMhf ut
H m;xkwrf kS NyK&
aomenf;vrf; (tv,ftvwfvrf;) Nzpf\/
tdEd,'eynmt& Ak'0g'? [dEL0g'ESifh
*sdrf;0g'wkdYonf 'kurS vGwfaNrmufNcif;ukd
&SmazGonfyh ef;wdik f (vGwaf jrmufr)I Ncif; wlyg
aomfvnf; trSew
f &m;&SmazGreI nf;vrf;onf
vk;H 0uGjJ ym;Mu\/ Ak'0 g'tNrifenf;vrf;onf
rdr\
d cEmud,
k w
f iG f Nzpfay:aeaom w&m;wkrhd S
2538
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tZwE iS Ahf [d'a vmuESpcf k qufpyfrkS w&m;ukd

trSet
f wkid ;f odNrif&ef usiMhf ut
H m;xkwrf kS NyK&
aomenf;vrf; (Approaching method)
Nzpf\/
tdE,
d 'eynmt& Ak'0 g'? [dEL
0g'ESi*hf srd ;f 0g'wko
Yd nf 'kur v
S w
G af NrmufrKS udk
&SmazGwmNcif; wlygaomfvnf;trSef w&m;
&SmazGonfh csOf;uyfavhvmrI enf;vrf;ESifh
usiphf Ofpepfrsm; Ncm;em;rIaMumifh t,l0g'rsm;
Mu;D rm;pGm Ncm;em;ae&Ncif; Nzpf\/
taemufwikd ;f philosophy oabm
t&rl Ak'"rtygt0if rnfonfh avmu
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ESiw
hf pfck qufpyfaeNy;D pepfwus&o
dS nfqykd grl
philosophy onf tav;*&kNyKrnfNzpf\/
rnfonfhavmutNrifonf tcsuftvuf
rsm;wpfckESifhwpfck ydkrkdqufpyfrSk&SdNyD; ydkrdk
vufawGq
h efonf? tNcm;avmu tNrifrsm;ESihf
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avh v mrnf / od k h a omf , k H M unf r S k w pf c k ( 0g)
bmoma&;wpfckonf rSefonf? rSm;onf[k

philosophy oabmt& ouf a oNyrnf
r[kwaf y/ tb,faMumifq
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f vufudk tcsut
f vuf
twdkif;om avhvmrSkNyKNyD; vlwdkh\&Saxmifh
(perspective) aNymif;vJrEkS iS hf twl philosophy onfvnf; tNrJvdkufvHaNymif;vJ ae&
wwfonfh oabm&Sad omaMumifh Nzpfyg\/
Ak'\
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hk u
dk rm t&yf&yfohkd
Nyefyh mG ;ap&ef[al om&nf&,
G cf suNf zifh (od)Yk urmh
t&yf&yf&v
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awmfrlaom t"dy"dq&mawmfbk&m;MuD;\
taNrmftNrifMu;D rm;aom avmutNrifukd &Scd ;kd
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raumif;rI rsm;rsm;vkyfwJhol[m toHaumif; us,fus,f[pf

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toHaumif; r[pfygeJU? qdwfqdwfaeoljzpfygap/
olwpfyg;t0wfudk rcGmygeJU? zkH;tkyfay;oljzpfygap/
q&mpH (oDw*l)
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
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EC
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Blanoita
GNI A
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52 .
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bk&m;omoemESihf odMum;omoem
aejcnfopf (a&Tyif)
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jzpfonf/
2538
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SA G A ING
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M Y AN M
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
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a&Smufayvdrrhf nf/ odMum;rif;rS r[kwf
ay? tjcm;tjcm;aom t&d,mjzpfap?
ykxZk Ofjzpfap umuG,Mf u apmihaf &Smuf
MurnfrSm ajrBuD;vufcwf rvGJyifjzpf
onf/ okaYd omfvnf; ]]odMum;omoem}}
[laomacgif;pOfonf bk&m;&SiEf iS hf oHCm
awmfwkdYukd rsufuG,fjyK&musayonf/
bk&m;&Sify&dedAmefpHawmfrlNyD;aemufykdif;
omoemukd t"duusaom tcef;u@rS
apmihfa&SmufcJhMuaom yk*dKvfrsm;onf
odMum;rif;r[kwfrSef; A[kokw&SdvQif
tvG,w
f ul odEidk yf gonf/ bk&m;&Si\
f
omoemukd wu,fwef; apmihaf &SmufchJ
Muaom yk * d K vf r sm;rS m bk & m;&S i f \
om;awmf orD;awmfrsm;omjzpfonf/
oHCmawmfwkdYonf omoemawmfukd
touf aoG ; acR;aygif ; rsm;pG m jzih f
cufcufccJ J xde;f odr;f apmihaf &SmufcMhJ u&m
tvGefyifyef;cJhMuygonf/ okdYaomf
uJo
h Ydk yifyef;cJMh uvnf; oHCmawmfwrYdk mS
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52 .
M 83
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Ni;D jiLjcif; tvsO;f r&Scd MhJ uygacs/ tb,fh

aMumifhqkdaomf ]]bk&m;&Sif\ omoemh
0efxrf;}} jzpfaeaomaMumihf jzpfygonf/
uJhokdY xdef;odrf;cJhMuojzifh
t"Ge&Yf n
S w
f nfwchH ahJ om omoemukd om
oemESpf 2500 ausm[
f al om taMumif;
jycsufjzihf csufcsif;vufiif; ]]odMum;
omoem}} jyKvyk Mf uawmh rnfqo
dk nfrmS
pOf;pm;zkdY&efyif roifhygacs/ bk&m;&Sif
\om;awmf orD;awmfrsm;taejzifv
h nf;
omoemh 0 ef x rf ; yD y D bk & m;&S i f \
omoemuko
d m toufpeG
Yf xrf;aqmif
vkMd uayvdrrhf nf/ rnforl Q ]]wku
Yd awmh
odMum;omoem0efxrf;}} tjzpf vufr
axmif *kP,
f v
l Mdk uvdrrhf nf r[kwaf cs/
]]odMum;omoem}} [laom tokH;tEIH;
onf bk&m;&SiEf iS hf wuGaom wynfo
h m;
oHCmawmfrsm;ukd tm;rem&m a&muf
ygonf/
okjYd zpfygvQuf tb,fah Mumifh
]]odMum;omoem}} [laomtok;H tEI;H ukd
vltrsm; ok;H EI;H vmMuoenf;[lrl xku
d o
hJ Ydk
okH;EIH;Muaom yk*dKvfrsm;\ bmoma&;
tod t jrif ? tcH " mwf tm;enf ; rI
aMumif h y if j zpf o nf / tb,f h a Mumih f
tm;enf;&oenf;/ avhvmMu&aumif;
rSe;f rodMujzpfonf/ xkyd *k Kd vw
f o
Ydk nf
i,fpOfuyif olawmfqnf;uyf jrwf
w&m;empaom t*Fgrsm; csdKUwJhcJhMu
[efwyl gonf/ xkaYd Mumihyf if bmoma&;
qkdif&m todtjrifrsm; jynhfpkHrIr&SdbJ
2538
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SA G A ING
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csKd UwJah eMujcif;jzpfygonf/ txufyg t

aMumif;ESifhywfouf t"duusaom
udprSm q&m'um qufqHa&;yifjzpf
onf/ jzpf&yfwiG f rnfoUl wm0ef&
dS
rnfolawG wm0ef csdKUwJhcJhMuoenf;/
q&mvm;? 'umvm; qef;ppfMu&ayrnf/
yk*H? tif;0? anmif&rf;? ukef;
abmifpaom a&S;acwftcgrsm;u omo
emonf Ekid if \
H txGwt
f xdyw
f iG f &Scd hJ
onf/ tb,frQtxd txGwftxdyf
a&mufcyhJ goenf;[k qkyd gvQif wpfEidk if v
H ;Hk
&Sad om a,mufsm;? rde;f rtm;vk;H wko
Yd nf
bkef;BuD;ausmif;xGufrsm; jzpfMuonf/
wkdif;jynftkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfaom &Sif
bk & if o nf y if bk e f ; BuD ; ausmif ; xG u f
jzpfonf/ yOroH*g,emwif bk&ifrif;
wke;f rif;onf ae&m xif&mS ;oljzpf
onf/
jzpf c J h M uonf / xk d Y a Mumih f ynma&;?

bmoma&;omru tkycf sKyaf &; ykid ;f yif
&[ef;awmfrsm; t&ma&mufcJhMuonf/
&yfxJ &GmxJjzpfaom jyemBu;D i,frsm;
onf q&mawmf\a&SUokaYd &mufaomtcg
ajyat;cJMh uonf/ &[ef;awmfrsm;onf
jynfolukd ]]a'gif;vef;pdwf"mwf}} xl
axmifay;cJMh uonf/ xkaYd Mumihf tcsi;f csi;f
cspfcifMu nDnGwfMuojzifh wkdif;jynf
at;csrf;om,mcJhMuonf/ jy,k*fwpfck
taejzif h xk d a cwf t cgu ]]Ak ' f t p?
Ak't
f v,f? Ak't
f qk;H }} [l&S&d m aemufq;Hk
Ak ' f t jzpf x if & S m ;aom anmif u ef
q&mawmf OD;Ak'fonf tvSLyGJwpfck
y&dowfrsm;u ]]MoumouefawmhcsdK;}}
jzihf ok;H acgufrQ &Gwq
f dk &Scd ;dk Ny;D aomfvnf;
bmrQjyef rrdeb
Yf aJ eavonf/ xkt
d cg
teD;&Sdq&mawmfwpfyg;u tusdK; t
aMumif;avQmufxm;&m q&mawmfO;D Ak'u
f
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d vk&Yd w
dS myJ}} [k
rdeaYf wmfro
l wwf/ qkv
d o
dk nfrmS &Scd ;dk OD;csyHk
pepf r usojzif h q&mawmf u bmrQ
rrdefYbJaecJhjcif; jzpfonf/ ,ckacwf
qkdvQif rnfokdYjzpfavrnfrodacs/
onfrmS tif;0acwf bmoma&; tajc
taejzpfonf/
tif;0acwfwGif xif&Sm;cJhaom
ayav;yif? &Sifav;yg;wkdYonf jrefrm
pmayavmu\ rD;SL;wefaqmifBu;D rsm;
jzpfMuonf/ wkdif;jynf\ynma&;onf
&[ef;awmfrsm;\vufxw
J iG f &Scd o
hJ nf/
uJhokdY &[ef;awmfrsm;u jynfolukd
aus;Zl ; jyKaomtcg jynf o l u vnf ;
&[ef ; awmf r sm;\aus;Zl ; uk d o d u m
xkaYd emuf ukv
d edk aD cwfoYdk a&muf
tjyefjyeftvSefvSef aus;Zl;jyKMuojzifh
aomtcg vl&nfvnf ynmwwfaom
q&m'um nDnw
G cf MhJ uonf/
t*Fvyd w
f o
Ydk nf &[ef;awmfrsm;\ vuf
Oyrmtm;jzifh &GmOD;ausmif; q&m xJrS ynma&;ukd vlq&mwk\
Yd vufxo
J Ydk
awmfonf wpf&GmvkH;\ q&mjzpf? vTaJ jymif;xnfah y;vku
d o
f nf/ xkd acwf
wpf&mG vk;H onf q&mawmf\ wynhrf sm;
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
tcgu vlq&mwkYd oifaomausmif;ukd

]]avmu"mwfausmif;}} [k ac:onf/
xkt
d csed rf pS bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;rsm;
ausmif;om;r&So
d avmuf jzpfomG ;cJo
h nf/
,aeYacwf0,f tcsKd Uaombke;f awmfBu;D
ausmif;rsm; ausmif;om;ukd tzk;d vcay;
iSm;&rf;xm;&aom tajctaeokdY
a&mufaeayonf/
]]bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;rsm; b,f
tcdsev
f pl nfoenf;}} [kqydk gvQif ]]aEG&m
oD ausmif;ydw&f ufrsm;}} [kajz&vdrrhf nf/
'kvb
0wfyEJG iS hf &Sijf yKyrJG sm;aMumihjf zpfonf/
okdYaomf ]]&SifjyKMuonf}} qkdaomfvnf;
twef;ausmif;rS&aom tm;vyf&uf
tcsed yf u
dk av;ukyd if tvkt,uf,u
l m
jyKvyk Mf u&onft
h wGuf &uftenf;i,f
rQom &Muayonf/ rsm;aomtm;jzihf
bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;okYd reufyidk ;f tcsed f
wGif vma&mufum &Sijf yKbu
Ydk pd avQmuf
xm; naewGif &Sijf yKMuonf/ &Sio
f mr
aPjzpfMuonf/ xkaYd emuf (7) &ufrjynhf
ao;rD vl0wfvo
J mG ;Muavonf/ xko
d Ydk
vl0wfvo
J nht
f csed rf pS bke;f awmfBu;D
ausmif;jyK&efupd r&SMd uawmh oavmuf
jzpfomG ;Muonf/ omraPb0jzifh ae&
onfhtckdufrSmvnf; rajymyavmufo
jzifh ]]MoumouefawmhcsKd ;}}rQ ausatmif
&roGm;Mu&Smacs/
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aMumif;jzpfaom avmuDynm}} wpfenf;

tm;jzihf ]]odyyH nm}} omjzpfonf/ Ak'
bmomjrefrmvlrsKd ;jzpfaomfvnf; omo
emwGiaf evkv
d vkd xif&mS ;cJMh uaom v,f
wDq&mawmf? rif;uGe;f q&mawmf ponf
wkdYukd rodMuawmhay/ jrefrmvli,fwkdY
odMuonfrSm taemufwkdif;rS tkdif;
pwkdif;wkdY? e,lwefwkdY qkdolawGjzpfvm
onf/ ta&SUwkid ;f ,Ofaus; rIudk rod
MuawmhyJ taemufwidk ;f ,Ofaus;rIuydk J
odvmMu? txifBuD;vmMuawmhonf/
ta&SUwkid ;f ,Ofaus;rIuu
dk m; odvnf;rod
txifvnf;rBu;D Muawmhay/
tcsdKUaom bmoma&;ESifh ywf
ouf avhvmMuolwrYdk mS vnf; bmom
a&;ukd 4if;wkdY odxm;aom todPf
aywHjzihw
f idk ;f wmwwfMuonf/ okaYd omf
trsm;pkrSm rdrdaywHukdyif EkdifMuonf
r[kwaf y/ 4if;wko
Yd nf pwifavhvmpOf
uyif vlaovljzpf ewfjynfjA[mhjynf
&Sd^r&Sd? 0dok'dr*fjrefrmjyefpaom BuD;
us,af v;eufaom usr;f Bu;D usr;f ckid rf sm;
jzpfae&m rdrzd wfaompmukd rdrw
d b
Ydk mom
em;rvnfEidk Mf ubJ rrSrD urf;jzihf bmom
a&;pmay avhvm vku
d pf m;rIwiG f ]]qif
acgif; acG;cs}D } ouJo
h Ydk jzpfaeMuayonf/
}}Moumo-qkdonfrSm tb,f
enf;}} . . .[laom tajccHu oGm;&
h pd w
iG f tajccHuroGm;bJ ]]cg;v,f}}
uJhokdY bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif; rnfu
ynma&;ESihf a0;cJMh uNy;D aemuf uav;i,f ujzwfavhvmMuojzifh em;rvnfEidk f
rsm;xdawGU&onfrSm ]]toufarG;0rf; Muawmhay/ wGif tHhMop&maumif;
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onfrSm bmoma&;udpwGif tajccH

up avhvm&rnfudk &Suo
f uJo
h Ydk jzpf
aewwfMuaom yk*dKvftcsdKUukd awGU&
wwfayao;onf/ bmoma&;wGif uJh
ok d Y rjzpf o ih f a y/ ok d Y a omf uJ h o k d Y
trSew
f u,f jzpfEidk f rjzpfEidk f qef;ppf
Munfah omtcgwGif tcsKd Uaom oufBu;D
&G,ftkd vlBuD;rsm;onfyif Moumo
uefawmhcsdK; r&Muonfukd 0rf;enf;
zG,&f m awGU&Sad e&ayonf/
ypnf;rsm;tay:wGif wnfonfr[kwf
ay/ vku
d ef molw\
Ydk ESv;Hk om;wGif tqk;H
trrsm;wnfaeygrSomvQif omoem
wnf o nf r nf y gonf / 'g,umrsm;
uvnf ; rd r d w k d Y \ &if a oG ; i,f r sm;uk d
bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;okdY ta&mufykdY
ay;oihMf uayonf/ &[ef;awmf rsm;buf
uvnf; rdrw
d \
Ydk t&dyaf tmufoYdk a&muf
vmMuaom &ifaoG;i,frsm; (rsKd ;qufopf
rsm;) ukd bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif; ynm
a&;jzpfaom bmomaoG;ESihf ,Ofaus;rI
wkdYukd oifMum;ay;oifhayonf/ xkdokdY
rsdK;qufopfrsm;ukd &[ef;awmfrsm;u
bmomaoG;ESihf ,Ofaus;rIrsm; oifMum;
ay;jcif;[laom wm0efysu,
f iG ;f Muygu
rsd K ;quf o pf r sm; rd r d w k d Y c k d v I H a eaom
bmoma&;t&dyu
f ydk if bk&m;&Si\
f omo
emht&dyaf yavm odMum;rif;\ omoemh
t&dyfayavm [k uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm
rod&b
dS jJ zpfMuayvdrrhf nf/ rsKd ;qufopf
uav;i,fw\
Ydk bmoma&; tajccHwu
Ydk dk
aumif ; pG m rod & S d j cif ; onf tem*wf
omoemtwGuf tvGef&ifav;zG,f&m
aumif;vSygonf/
bke;f awmfBu;D ausmif;rsm; trsm;

qkH;awGU&wwfaom jyemrSm &SifjyK
aomtcg tuket
f us tvGerf sm;aomf
vnf; &SifomraPavmif; (armif&if
avmif;) rSm Moumo uefawmhcsdK;ukd
r&ojzifh q&m&[ef;rsm;u tvSL&Sif
rsuEf mS iJu
h m a&SUrSwidk af y;aeMu&jcif; yif
jzpfonf/ &SifjyKNyD;aemuf rMumrD vl0
wfvJoGm;wwfMu&m ukd&ifi,frsm;rSm
bkef;BuD;ausmif;ynma&; ,Ofaus;rIukd
[kwfwdywfwd &roGm;Muawmhay/ xkdY
aMumifh toufom Bu;D oGm;Muaomfvnf;
&[ef;oHCmESihf pum;rajymwwf? tqif
ajyatmif rqufqHwwfMuawmhay/
Ekid if w
H pfEidk if \
H ,Ofaus;rIonf
onfrmS Ak'b
momtwGuf tvGe&f u
S f
ukd;uG,faom bmomw&m;rS wqifh&
p&maumif;vSayonf/
txuf y gud p r sm; tqif a jy Mujcif; jzpfonf/ jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI\
f &[HEiS hf bk&if
acsmarGUEkid af pa&;twGuf q&m'um nD tponf yk*aH cwf t&Sit
S cf ahJ om bmoma&;
nGwfMu&ef vkdayonf/ rdrdwkdYwm0ef taemf&xmwkYd csrw
uk,
d pf aD usMuzko
Yd mvkad yonf/ omoem ukd tajccHaom,Ofaus;rIjzpfonf/
d \
Ydk bmom ,Ofaus;rIurdk S aumif;
wnfonfqkd&m0,f tjyifyef; kyf0wK rdrw
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
pGm rodvQif rnfuJhokdY umuG,fMu

apmifah &SmufMuygrnfenf;/ wpfpw
Hk pfcu
k dk
umuG,o
f nf apmifah &Smufonfq&dk m
wefb;dk xm;wwfrS jzpfayrnf/ wefb;dk
ukdrQrodvQif rnfuJhokdY wefbkd;xm;
wwf r nf e nf ; / bmom,Of a us;rI \
wefb;dk ukd odatmifoifMum;ay;jcif; jyK
vkyfay;jcif;r&SdbJ wefbkd;xm;&efaomf
vnf ; aumif ; ? umuG , f a pmih f a &S m uf
&efaomf vnf;aumif; vuf;Hk wef;um
atmif[pfaekHrQjzihf tusdK;xl;Ekdifrnf
r[kwaf cs/
Ak'a 'oemukd t"Ge&Yf n
S pf mG wnf
wHah pvkyd gvQif ]]Ak'o
moeH pd&H wd|wk}}
[k tBurd rf sm;pGm &Gwq
f u
dk m qkawmif;
aek H j zif h rjynf h p k H E k d i f a y/ q&m'um
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nDnGwfpGmjzihf tvkyfvkyfMu&ayrnf/
Ak'b
mom0if &[ef;&Siv
f l tm;vk;H wko
Yd nf
rdrw
d \
Ydk rsKd ;qufrsm;ukd bmom omoem
tarG;ay;Mu&ygrnf/ rsKd ;qufa[mif;wkYd
wm0efausvQif rsdK;qufopfwkdY tcuf
a0Ekid af yrnf/ rsKd ;qufa[mif;wkYd wm0ef
rausvQiu
f m; rsKd ;qufopfwrYdk mS tjypf
axG&pfMuayvdrrhf nf/ xkaYd Mumifh wm0ef
ukd,fpDausMuapvkdygaMumif; a&;om;
wifjyvku
d &f ygonf/
bmom omoem Ekid if EH iS v
hf rl sKd ;
,Ofaus;rI wxyfwnf;tjzpf
&yfwnfEidk Mf uygap
aejcnfopf (a&Tyif)
S wuovdk f (odUk ) tifpwDusKwpfcrk mS oifu q&mvm; 'gqdk T
wynfh rarG;ygeJU/
oif[m wynfhqdk&ifvnf;
q&m rarG;ygeJU/
q&mpH (oDw*l)
2538
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vrf;a[mif;ay:wGif vrf;opfxGif
udk&ifom*d (ozef;ajr)
Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day. Teach a man to fish and he will
eat for the rest of his life.
vlwpfa,mufudk ig;wpfaumifay;vdkufvQif ol[m wpfaeYyJ pm;vdkY&r,f?

olYudk ig;zrf;enf; oifay;vdkufvQif wpfoufvHk; pm;&ygvdrfhr,f/
txufygpum;t&qdkvQif ig;
trSefwu,f rjzpfraevdktyfaeaom
yk*Kd vf (okrYd [kw)f aoa&;&Siaf &; jzpfae
aomyk*Kd vu
f kd ig;ay;rnfvm;? 'grSr[kwf
ig;ray;yJ ig;udk b,fyHkb,fenf; zrf;&
rnfqdkaom ig;zrf; ay;enf;udk oifay;
rnf v m;? ig;ray;yJ ig;zrf ; enf ; ud k
oifay;rnfqv
kd Qif ig;zrf; aeaomtcsed f
jyemtBuD ; tus,f jzpf o G m ;
Edkifayonf? a&m*ga0'emonfjzpfvQif
aooGm;Edkifayonf? rdrdtjrifudk ajym&
vQif a&S;OD;pGm tajctae taMumif;
t&if;udk pDppfoifh\? xdkYaemufrS ig;udk
ay;rnfvm;? 'grSr[kwf ig;zrf;enf;udk
oifay;rnfvm;[k qHk;jzwf&rnf jzpf

onf/ ig;trSefwu,f vdktyfaeaom
aoa&;&Siaf &;jzpfaeaom yk*Kd vf qdv
k Qif
ig;udkay;vkdufyg? ig;\wefzdk;udk rodyJ
tacsmif&vdkaom yk*dKvfjzpfvQif ig;udk
b,fyHkb,fenf; zrf;qD;&onfqkdaom
ig;zrf;enf;udk oifay;wm taumif;
qHk;[kxifrd\/
ukrPDykdif&SifwpfOD;xHodkY trsKd;
orD;oHk;a,muf a&mufvm\? vm&if;
taMumif;um; ydkufqH tenf;i,f acs;
iSm;vdjk cif;yifjzpf\? ukrP
yD ikd &f iS yf *k Kd vrf mS
if;wdkYESifh &if;ESD;aomaMumifh ydkufqH
taMumif;udk t&ifrajymyJ rQBuD;rm;
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
atmifjrifaom pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;udk
ckid Nf raJ tmif wnfaqmufEidk jf cif;rSm tef
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2538
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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raumif;wwfbl;vkdY qifajcay;wwfwJh
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2538
MAY
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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k & edum,f
ao0dwAokwfrSmvnf; ]],kwfnHholudk
aygif;vQif rdrdrSm ,kwfnHhol jzpf&onf?
wef;wloludk aygif;vQif rqkwf,kwf?
tqifw
h ef; jrifo
h u
l kd aygif;vQif vsijf ref
pGm wd;k wufjrifrh m;onf}}[k a[mxm;jyef
yg\/ q&mawmf bk&m;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
ajrmufrsm;pGmonf udk,frydkif bHkqdkifwJh
&nf&G,fcsufawGqdkwmudk oHo,a&SU
ajy;awGeJY tawG;rSm;p&mvdkrnfrxif/
&nf&G,fcsufqdkwJhpum; udk,f
rydkif bHkqdkifwJh&nf&G,fcsuf? bHkrqdkif
udk,fydkifwJh &nf&G,fcsuf? &nf&G,fcsuf
rrnfwJh &nf&G,fcsufqdkNyD; uGJjym;onhf
ta&miftaoG;av; awG&Sdyg\/ b,f
&nf&,
G cf suu
f omvQif yg&rDajrmuf wpf
zufurf;a&mufonfh ppfrSefaom &nf
&G,cf suq
f w
kd m oDw*lajray: ajctpHck srd
vku
d o
f nft
h cdu
k rf mS yif pma&;ol\ ESv;kH
om;u qufEG,faeaom OD;aESmufudk
tvHjyvkdufyg\/ udk,frydkif bHkqdkifwJh
G cf suq
f w
kd m 'DyuF&mjrwfb&k m;\
rEav;NrdKU a&Tusifomoemydkif &nf&,
0gqdkq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;onf oDw*l ajcawmftpHk Mumy'Hkatmufu a*gwr
q&mawmfEiS hf awGUqHw
k idk ;f rdeaYf vh&ydS g\ Ak'a vmif;vsm okar"m&Si&f aoh\ ESv;kH
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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Blanoita
GNI A
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52 .
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EB
om;rS pD;qif;vmonfh jcaoFha[mufoH aeonf h vk y f & yf a wG u vnf ; rd r d w k d Y

dk rf sm;twGuf ud,
k rf ydik f bHq
k ikd f
yrm a,muFsm;jrwfwdkY\ pum;oHudk aemufvu
wJ&h nf&,
G cf suf oufoufomvdYk ajymae
em;qifrdrnfqdkvQif ...../
em;qifMunfyh gOD; ]]igonf tvd&k dS oa,mifa,mif...../
ygrlum; ,aeYyif udavomw&m;wdkYudk
avmifNrdKufy,f&Sm;NyD; tmoa0gw&m;
av;yg; ukefcrf;aom &[Empifppf jzpf
Edkifay\/ 'DyuF&mjrwfpGmbk&m; om
oem rxifr&Sm; om0u&[ef; wpf
yg;toGijf zifh t&[wzv
kd f edAm efukd rsuf
arSmufjyKjcif;jzifh iguJo
h aYkd om a,muFsm;
jrwf yk*dKvftm; tb,ftusdK;&SdtHhenf;?
oAkPf&Sif bk&m;toGifjzpfatmif
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaytHh .../
avmuBuD;\aumif;usdK; qdk;
usKd ;twGuf a0zefo;kH oyfqifjcifrrI jyKbJ
wpfudk,faumif;qef twBuHNyD; bk&m;
vkyfcsifonfh t&Sifa'0'wf\ &nf&G,f
csufrsdK;udk udk,frydkif bHkqdkifwJh &nf&G,f
csuv
f Ydk qdck siyf g\/ ckacwfvnf; tdyrf
pdu
k f ab;Edu
I Nf y;D tdwif u
kd cf si[
f efaqmif
um &mxl;*kPfodrf pnf;pdrfudk irf;irf;
wuf &,lyidk f qdik cf siaf eMuolrsm;\ pdwf
"mwfrsdK;/
ynmtm;tpGrf; o'gtm;tpGrf;
0D&d,tm;tpGrf;&Sdonfudk odjrifaom
a,muFsm;aumif;wpfa,mufjzpf ygvQuf
oH o &m 0J M oCtwG i f ; rS wpf u d k , f
aumif;BuHum wpfa,mufwnf; ul;
ajrmufojzifh ightm; tb,ftusdK;&Sd
tHeh nf;? oA
k Pf&iS f bk&m;toGijf zpf
atmif BuKd ;pm;tm;xkwNf y;D ewfEiS w
hf uG
aom ow0g taygif;udk oHo&m0JMoC
'kuyifv,fBuD;xJrS ig q,fwifaytHh}}
wJh/
wzef rdr\
d &yf&mG ? NrKd U? Ekid if aH wmf?
vlrsK;d ? bmom? omoem a&&Snw
f nfwefY
jyefYyGm;wkd;wufa&;ukd rMunhfbJ ukd,fh
twGuyf BJ upH nf &,lyidk q
f idk cf siaf eMuol?
b,fol aoao iawrmNy;D a&mqkad om
usm;ipOf;vkd yk*dKvfrsm;\ pdwf"mwfrsKd;
[kvnf; qkdcsifjyefygao;\/
wwd,ajrmufjzpfwJh &nf&G,f
csufrrnfwJh&nf&G,fcsufqkdwmukd ig
b,f t wG u f 'guk d vk y f a ewm? bm
aMumifv
h yk af ewm ponfjzifh uk,
d v
f yk af e
oD w *l q &mawmf b k & m;BuD ; \ wmukd jzLjzLrJrJ uGJuGJ jym;jym;rodbJ
d w
f idk ;f vGiahf rsm&onfh yef;aA'gvkd
udk,fhtwGuf rcsef? olwpfyg;twGuf avwku
f efaom yef;wdik f r&So
d rl sm;\
usefatmif vufawGUusus vkyfaqmif b0\rSeu
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pdwf"mwfrsKd;[k zGifhqkdcsifyg\/
rdyg\/
rdr\
d tpGr;f ? rdrb
d 0\ tem*wf
tajcaeuk d aMumif ; usKd ; axmuf q
a0zefqifjcif pOf;pm;jcif;rjyKbJolrsm;
ckdif;vkdY olrsm;vkyfvkdYtwkvkdufvkyfonfh
tZmwowfrif;om;\ bk&ifjzpfcsif
aom a,mif0g;0g;&nf&G,fcsufrsKd;/
vlwidk ;f vlwidk ;f rdrw

d \
Ydk b0 wpf
avQmuf rSefuefaoma&G;cs,frI? rSefuef
aom &nf&G,fcsuf&dSzkdY txl;vkdtyfyg\?
vl0wfaMumifqkdvQif vl0wfaMumifb0?
&[ef;awmfqv
dk Qif &[ef;awmfb0? oDv
&SifqkdvQif oDv&Sifb0ponfjzifh b0
toD;oD;ykdifqkdif aeMuonfholwkdif;[m
ukd,fykdifqkdifaeonfh ukd,fhb0 ukd,fh
trSwfonmawGeJY yDjyifpGm b0ukdjzwf
oef;oGm;MuzkdY vkdtyfvSyg\/
wk;d wufaeaom ckumv *kP?f

&mxl;? pnf;pdrf ponftwGufyJ vIyf&Sm;
vkyfaqmifaeMuwmukd ae&mwkdif;rSm
awGYjrifEkdifMuyg\/ pma&;olwkdY urmh
Ak'w
uov
dk u
f ausmif;awmfo?l ausmif;
awmfom;rsm;vnf; &nf&G,fcsuf toD;
oD;eJY Ekid if jH cm;xGujf y;D ynmoifaeMu\?
pma&;oltaeeJY 0rf;omyDwd vGepf mG jzpfrd
\/ pma&;olukdvnf; ar;Mu\/ ]]EkdifiH
jcm;rxGufao;bl;vm; ...b,fawmh
xGufrSmvJ}}wJh/ pma&;olvnf; rdrd\
t,ltqtwkid ;f ]][ift
h if; ...rxGuf
ao;bl;? xGuaf wmhxu
G cf siw
f ,f? 'gayrJh
ud,
k t
hf ajctae ud,
k t
hf wkid ;f wmeJY ajym
&&if uk,
d rhf o
d m;pk wpfoufwm pm;0wf
aea&; ajz&Sif;EkdifavmufwJh aiGaMu;ukd
&if;ES;D jy;D oGm;&rSm/ wu,fvYdk &if;ES;D xm;
wJh aiGaMu; wpf0ufavmufawmif jyef
vnfaus;Zl;rjyKEkdifbl;qkd&if ukd,fhb0
oufwrf;wpfavQmuf aemifww&m;awG
jzwfoef; uyfavQmufaerSm}}vkYd ajzMum;
odwwfwJh todOmPfukdykdifqkdif
jyD; vlYb0rSm vlvmjzpfMuonfholwkdif;
-Faith-power =
rdrdukd,fukd ,kHMunfEkdif
jcif; pGrf;tm;?
Effort-power =
rdrdukd,fwkdif zefwD;Ekdif
jcif; pGrf;tm;?
Mindfulness-power =
rdrdukd,fukd xdef;
csKyfEkdifjcif;pGrf;tm;?
Concentration-power =rdrdukd,fukd
cefU
jim;pGm wnfaqmufEdkifjcif;pGrf;tm;?
rdrd\ taMumif;
tusK;d taumif; tqk;d ukd a0zefyidk ;f jcm;
Ekdifjcif;pGrf;tm;rsm; ykHaoum;csyf tvkd
tavsmuf ygvmMu\/
Knowledge-power =
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
tcsKdUvnf; vlYb0 rdrd\ pGrf;

tm;ig;&yfukd &mckdif;EIef;tjynfh xkwf,l
okH;pGJjyD; tusKd;&dSpGmb0ukd jzwfoef;
oGm;cJhMu\/ rdrdykdifqkdifaeonfhpGrf;tm;
tenf;i,f avmufomokH;pGJjyD; b0ukd
jzwf o ef ; oG m ;Muaomol r sm;vnf ;
ra&rwGufEkdifavmufatmif rsm;jym;
vS\/ rdrd\pGrf;tm;? rdrd\wef;zkd;udk
rodem;rvnfbJ b0ukjd zpfovkd azsmaf jz
aeMuaom olrsm;vnf; axmifykH&mykH/
rSefuefaom aG;cs,frI? rSefuefaom
&nf,
G cf suf adS pcsib
f \
d ? SEd idk Mf uygap/
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52 .
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EB
oGm;Mur,fqkdvQif oHo&mwpfauGUu
vlUb0rSmvljzpf&wm t"dyg,fSdjyD[k
,kHMunfEkdifyg\/
]]eH U omwpf p uf [ m rd e f ; rvS

wpfa,muf&UJ yg;jyifay:rSm wef;zk;d Sad yrJ?h
Murf;jyif ay:usomG ;cJ&h if tnpftaMu;
jzpfoGm;wwfw,f}}qkdwJh pum;twkdif;
pma&;ol\ vuFmrpyf uAsmr[wf
onfomru tpOfrvSjyefonfh pmom;
rsm;onf pmzwfolrsm;twGuf rdef;rvS
av;wpfa,muf\yg;jyifxufu eHUom
wpfpufvkdr[kwfbJ Murf;jyifay:u eHU
vlwkdif;vlwdkif; rdrdwkdY ykdifqkdifae omwpfpufvdk tnpfaMu;jzpfomG ;cJUvQif
Muonfhb0pGrf;tm;ig;&yfukd od&dSem; pma&;ol\ wm0efomjzpfygaMumif;/
vnfjyD; wkdif;jynfeJUvlrsKd;twGuf ukd,f
a&mifjcnfrif; (U.T.M)
rykdifbkHqkdifwJh &nf&G,fcsufeJY tokH;cs
S rQa0cHpm;rIqdk&mrSm-
a&epfaeonfh oifah qGrsK;d rsm;ESit

hf wl 'kuu
rkd Qa0cHpm;bdUk a&xJ
ckefcs&efr[kwf/
olU'kuudk rQr,lygeJU? ukd,fhokcudk rQa0yg/
a&xJuq,f,lvdkufyg? aEG;axG;rIay;yg/
oifudk,fwdkifu a&epfolqdkcJhvQifvnf;
olwpfyg;udk tultnDomawmif;yg?
ckefcsbdkU rwdkufwGef;ygeJU/
q&mpH (oDw*l)
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owdcsyf odrSwf usifhaqmifzG,f&m

rsufarSmufacwf Ak'omoem
wuokdvfokc
vlewfjA[mow0gwd\
Yk rScD kd tm;
xm; ud;k uG,q
f nf;uyf&m jrwfpmG bk&m;
onf ]Aka'g aAma",sH} opmav;wef
w&m;rSefudk {uefydkifydkif igodedKifovdk
ighE,
S rf jcm; ow0gtrsm;udv
k nf; odap
thH? ]wdaPm wma&,sH} oHo&meuf0Srf;
*,ufMurf;rS igul;ajrmufovdk igeJY
twl jA[mewfvl taygif;udv
k nf; oHo
&meuf0Srf; *,ufMurf;rS ul;ajrmuf
aptHY? ]rkawm armap,sH} oHo&m0#f
b0Twu
f iG ;f u igud,
k w
f ikd f vGwaf jrmuf
ovdk ighE,
S t
f wl ow0g[lorQuv
kd nf;
vGwfajrmufaptHY/
xdu
k o
YJ Ykd t"d|mefNy;D rdru
d ,
kd w
f ikd f
bk&m;tjzpfodkY a&mufatmifa&S;OD;pGm
BuKd ;pm;cJyY gonf? bk&m;tjzpfoYkd a&muf
NyD;onfh tcsdefrSmvnf; ow0gtaygif;
opmav;yg; jrwfw&m;udk odzdkY&efESifh
oHo&m0#f b0TwfuGif;rSuif;vGwfzdkY
omoemawmfjrwfBuD; udk xlaxmifcJYyg
onf/
rdrdwdkY awGUMuHKqHk;qnf;aeMu&
onfh omoemawmfjrwfBu;D udk jrwfpmG
bk&m;onf vG,u
f pl mG xlaxmifc&YJ onf
r[kwyf g/ omoemtwktyjzpfMuonfh
wdwdq&mBuD;rsm; tw0g' tjrpfwG,f
aecJhonfh a&S;a[mif;tdEd, a,m*DBuD;
rsm;\ t,l t q trsd K ;rsd K ;Mum;xJ r S
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
tew0g'omoemawmfjrwfBu;D udk cuf

cufcJcJ xlaxmifcJY&ygjcif; jzpfygonf/
toac
bk&m;rjzpfrD av;toac
toacFsESifh
urmwpfoed ;f yg&rDjznfph OfumvwGiyf if
tavmif;awmf vSL'gef;cJYonfh rsufvHk;
awmfrsm;[m aumif;uifrS Mu,fwm&m
rsm;xufru rsm;jym;ygw,f? vSL'gef;cJw
Y YJ
aoG;awmfawG[m ork'& mav;pif;xJu
a&awGxuf rsm;jym;ygonf/
toacs
ae&mwGif av;toacs
toacsFESifh
urmwpfoed ;f taMumif;tenf;i,f ajym
jyayOD;tHY? ,ckacwf ]av;oacFs}ESifh
urmwpfodef;[kajymqdkMuaomfvnf;
trS e f r S m -]av; toacF s ES i f h ur m
wpfoed ;f } jzpf\? toacFs [laompum;
rSm-toacsF,s [laomygVdrS qif;ouf
vmaom ygVdoufpum;jzpf\? ]ra&
rwGufedKif} [k t"dym,f&\? xkdodkY ra&
rwGuef Kd i[
f
l qdx
k m;ygvQu(f 4) *Pef;
xnfq
h x
kd m;jcif;onf-urmaygif; rnfrQ
&S d o nf [k r S e f ; qa&wG u f r&ojzif h
]toacFs,s}[kac:qkd&rnfh tcsdefrSm
bk&m;wpfqlwpfql yGifhvm&um; xkdbk
&m;&SifwdkY\ wpfqlESifhwpfql tMum;
av;rsdK;&SdaomaMumifh ]av;toacFs} [k
ac:qdk&jcif;jzpfav\/
'DyuF&mjrwfpmG bk&m;ESihf aum@
njrwfpGmbk&m;tMum;wpfoacFs
aum@njrwfpmG bk&m;ESihf r*Fv
jrwfpGmbk&m;tMum;wpfoacFs
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EB
aombd w jrwf p G m bk & m;ES i f h

taemr'D jrwf p G m bk & m;tMum;
wpfoacFs
em'&jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh y'krkw&
jrwfpGmbk&m;tMum;wpfoacFs
y'k r k w & jrwf p G m bk & m;aemuf
urmaygif;wpfoed ;f jzpf\/ (Ak'0 o
H ygVd382)
omoem[lonf -jrwfpGmbk&m;
\ tqHk;tr a'oemrsm;yifjzpfay\?
yd#uwfo;kH yko
H if,jl cif; ydcYk sjcif;onf y&d
,w d o moemrnf \ ? (oif , l y d k Y c srI
tydkif;)/"kwif wpfq,fhoHk;yg;? pk'o
cEu0wfvm wpfq,fah v;yg;? &Spq
f ,fh
ESpfyg;aomr[m0wfwdkYudk usifhjcif;onf
y#dywo
d moemrnf\/(usiMhf urH t
I ydik ;f )
r*fav;yg; zdv
k af v;yg;udo
k jd rifjcif;onf
y#da0"omoemrnf\/(cHpm;rIodjrifrI
tydkif;)/ odkYomoem oHk;&yfudk xl
axmifcJYav\/
omoemawmfBuD; wnf&Sdaeo
a&GU ow0grsm; vlewfedAmef oHk;wef
csr;f om cHpm;&rnfjzpf\? omoemawmf
BuD;aysmufuG,foGm;ygu ow0grsm; vl
ewfedAmef oHk;wefcsrf;om&&SdzdkY rvG,f
awmhay? xdkYaMumifh omoemawmfBuD;
rnfrQMuMum t&SnfcHh wnfwHhrnfqkd
onfukd Ak'bmom0ifwdkif; odoifhay
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onf / omoemawmf wnf x G e f ; &m

umvESiyhf wfouf Ak'r ed [
Yf ygVdawmf
pum;udk ra&;om;rD t|uxm pum;udk
t&ifa&;om;ygOD;tH?h t|uxm omo
emwnfw&Hh mumv trsKd ;rdsK;jyaomfvnf;
vd&k if;tESpcf sKyu
f ]tESpif g;axmif} wnf
rnfjzpf\? 4if;udk {uef{u wdwdusus
rrSw&f ay? ig;axmifrjynfrh D uG,af ysmuf
edKio
f vdk ig;axmifausmNf y;D vnf; wnf&dS
edKifay\/
omoemwnfrIESifhywfouf
Ak'EIwfawmfu ygVdESpfrsdK;awGU&ay\?
yXrwpfrsdK;um; (tH3?105) (0d4?446)
wG i f v monf h ]0o[ar0
o'arm wda|,s} [laomygVdjzpf\?
,if ; o[onf ]wpf a xmif }
[laom {uHoocFsm jzpfedKifovdk ]t
axmif} [laom taeuocFsm jzpfedKif
aMumif;udyk gVdynm&Sirf sm; rdeq
Yf Mkd uonf?
xkyd gVduzkd iG q
hf akd om t|uxmq&murl
]y#dord'gyw &[Emacwfwpfaxmif
oku0dyu &[Emacwfwpfaxmif
tem*grfacwfwpfaxmif ou'g*grf
acwfwpfaxmif aomwmyefacwf wpf
axmifpD tm;jzifhig;axmif}[l zGifhjy
awmfrlonf/
aemufygVdwpfckum; ('D2?125)
rSm vmonfh ]arp okb' bduL orm
0d [ a&,sH K ? tok a nm avmaum
t&[aE[d t} [laomygVdjzpf\?
ygVdawmftvdkrl ]bk&m;&Sif\ wynfh

om;bduKbduLeD OygoumOygodumr
hf ;kH ae
y&dowfav;yg; aumif;rGepf mG usio
xkdifMuygrl vlYjynfavmuonf &[Em
rsm; rqdwfokOf;edKif} [l ESpfrydkif;jcm;
edKifavmufatmif omoemwnfxGef;
edKifaMumif;jyayonf/
od k Y q d k v Qif ygVd a wmf E S p f c k
tcsif;csif;qefYusifovdkjzpfae\?
taMumif;udk rdvdErif;BuD;u t&Sif
em*odeftm; ]]t&Sifbk&m;? a&SUygVdawmf
pum;rSev
f Qif aemufygVdpum; rSm;&m\?
aemufygVdpum;rSefvQifvnf; a&SUygVd
pum; rSm;&m\? tpGef;ESpfzuf xGuf
aompum;udk wpfom;wnf; nDnGwf
atmifajz&Sif;awmfrlyg}} [kavQmuf\/
t&Sifem*odefu odkY ajzMum;
awmfro
l nf ]]rif;Bu;D azmfjyNy;D ygVdawmf
ESp&f yfonf teuf t"dym ,fvnf;xl;\?
o'gvnf;xl;\? omoem wpfaxmif
[laom a&SUpum;onf omoemESpfudk
ydkif;jcm;jyaom pum;wnf;? &[Em
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
y#dywftpGrf;udkjyqdk\}}/
}}rif;BuD; oifonf tydkif;tjcm;
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ESpf&yfudk oabmwljyK\? tu,f wl
aomoabmuk d tvd k & S d t H h ? wl a om
oabmudk ajzqdktHh? rif;BuD; a&opfwdkY
jzifhjynfhaomuefabmifjzihf ydkif;jcm;tyf
onfh wpfzufqnfuef a&rukefcrf;rD
rd;k onftxyfxyf&mG oGe;f &m\? xdu
k ef
a&onfrukefcrf;&m? twlyif omo
emawmfBuD;[laom uefawmfBuD;onf
usifh0wfy#dywfwnf;[laom a&opfwdkY
jzifh jynfv
h Qv
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yif omoemawmfBuD;[laom uefawmf
BuD;onf &SnfjrifhpGmaom umvywfvHk;
wnfae&m\}}/ taMumif;udk &nf&,
G f
aemufygVdawmf pum;udk a[mMum;
awmfrlonf}}/ (rdvdE/ 133)
jyqkdNyD;onfhygVdawmfrsm;tvdk
omoemawmfonf vlYjynf tESpfig;
axmifru wnfwehH Kd iaf Mumif; rSwo
f m;&
ay\? odaYk omf ]aemifvmaemufom;rsm;
aumif;pGmusifhMuH aexdkifrSom umv
&S n f M umwnf x G e f ; ed K if o nf } [k jyvk d
&if;jzpfay\/
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urmv
h Ol ;D a& yxrtrsm;qH;k w&kwjf ynf
'kwd,trsm;qHk;tdEd, xkdESpfedKifiH a&S;
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jcif;u oufaocHvQuyf ifjzpfay\? oD&d
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udk;Xme omoemjyK&mwGif yg0ifcJYaom
w&kwfjynfonf pde&|-pdefYwdkif;jzpfcJY\?
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f o
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onfvnf; ]t&d,} (Ariya) [laom
pum;rSqif;oufvmjcif;jzpf\? wpfcsdef
u tm&Swu
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kd Bf u;D
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ig;axmifru Mum&SnfwnfwHYatmif
(1)&[ef;awmfrsm;a&m (2) 'g,um
'g,dumrrsm;yg omoemjyKenf;rsm;
omoemjyKpw
d "f mwfrsm; &Szd v
Ykd t
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ay\/
(1) &[ef;awmfrsm;taejzihf awm
&Gmae ausmif;xkid b
f ek ;f Bu;D rsm; NrKd Upmoif
&[ef;awmfrsm;[kESpfydkif;cGJMunfh&rnf
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vQu&f \
dS ? xkaYd Mumifh awmae ausmif;xkid f
bkef;BuD;rsm;taejzifh ukd&ifi,frsm; rsm;
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odkYrSom cHppfydkif; vHkNcKHrnf jzpfayonf/

NrKd Uae&[ef;awmfrsm;taejzifh tenf;qH;k
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rsm;udk udk,fwdkifMunfhIedKifrnfjzpf\/
edKifiHjcm;om;rsm;onf cuf&mcufqpf
rsm;ud k a r;jref ; wwf & m rd r d w d k Y b uf r S
ygVdawmf t|uxmvmt"dym,f t,l
tqrsm; tjcm;aom pmayt,ltq
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jzpfaom t*Fvyd pf mudv
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y&d , w d p mayoif M um; yd k Y c saeaom
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oifhay\/
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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tar0rf;ajrmufygapom;
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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499
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rcRwf vGJMuapeJY jrwfAk'omoemeJY

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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wuokdvfa&mufrS q&mSif;jyonfudk
jyef v nf a &;om;Muaompepf u d k o m
tokH;jyKMuonf/ txl;tm;jzihf jrefrm
eKd i f i H um; taS U wd k i f ; upepf u d k y if
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hf ;Hk rltm;enf;ayao;onf?
xkdUaMumifhpma&;om;zkdUqkdvQif jrefrm
ausmif;om;rsm;aMumufaeMuonf/
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taemufwkdif;uausmif;om;rsm;onf
avhvmzkdU&efydkrdk us,fjyefUvm\/ zwf&
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d
awG;NyD;pmukdzwf&\/ q&muacgif;pOf
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Ak'bmomESifh ywfoufaom "rpMum
okw[
f k q&muacgif;pOf ay;vku
d Nf y;D uk;d
um;&ef pmtkyfrsm;ukd 1/v,fwD q&m
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pnfq&mawmf\ "rpMumw&m;awmf
rsm; 3/ tr&yl & r[m*E m k H q&m
awmf\"rpMumokwf 4/ rkd;ukwf q&m
awmf\ opmav;csufqkdif&m w&m;
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
awmf r sm; 5/#D u mausmf yp n f ; yk d i f ;

ponfjzifhpmrsufESifhESifhwuGnGef;ay;
vkduf\/ ausmif;om;onf SKUaxmifh
rwl a omf v nf ; q&mnG e f M um;aom
pmtk y f r sm;ud k z wf tcsuf t vuf
rsm;udk olem;vnfovkdukd,fykdifOmPf
tawG;tac:ESifhwifjyaqG;aEG;&onf/
wu o k d v f t qif h q&mu
tcsut
f vufEiS hf pmtkypf mrsuEf mS nGe;f
qkad y;Ny;D ausmif;om;u SmazGwifjy&
q&mu 25-&mckdifESKH;om oifay;NyD;
wynfhu 75-&mckdifESKH; avhvm&aom
tw m [d tw a em emaxm enf ;
jzpfayonf/ rlvwef;tqifhq&mu
(80)? ausmif;om;u(20)? tv,fwef;
tqifh q&mu (70)? ausmif;om;u
(30) ESifh txufwef;tqifh q&mu
(50)? ausmif;om;u(50)pD wm0efSdMu
onf/
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enf;tm;jzifh taemufwidk ;f u
ausmif;om;wpfa,mufonf rlvwef;
tG,frSp twef;tvkduf pmzwftm;
pma&;tm;udktajcckdifatmifpwifhcJY
wuokdvftqifh pmrsufESm (100) yg
aom pmwrf;wpfckukd a&;aomtcg
jrefjrefESifhvG,fvG,fNyD;oGm;eKdifayonf/
wuodkvfa&mufrSpma&;jcif; tavh
tusiv
hf yk ,
f al e&aomrdrt
d zkUd rSmum; 'D
pmrsuEf mS (100)udk b,fvb
dk ,fyHk ausmf
jzwf&rnfukdyif rodacs? kH;uef&ayvdrfh
OD;rnf/ rvG,fulaomfvnf; 0d&d, pdw
0DrHo orm"d w&m;rsm;udk npfxkwf
BuKd;pm;&OD;rnf/ 'Dawmifukd b,fvkd
ausmfjzwf&ygrvJ[kom NiD;vkdufcsifyg
awmhonf/
M.A ausmif;om;
S olwpfyg;qDu tNyKH;udkvdkcsif&if oifhrsufESmay:u cufxef T

rmausmrIawGudk ab;csxm;yg?
tNyKH;udk tNyKH;eJUvJ,lyg/
oifhudkNyKH;jyvm&ifvnf;
jyefNyKH;jybdkU 0efrav;ygeJU/
q&mpH (oDw*l)
2538
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okwfponfrsm;udk &GwfqdkcJh&wm[m
tarmygyJ/ tJ'w
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avmif;udk tBurd t
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awG&Sdaeonfr[kwfygvm;/ 'ghaMumifh
vnf; q&mwdUk udk ]]wynfrh &Sm; wjym;r&Sd
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0goem tepfem}}qdw
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
t&if;tESD;jyKcJhMuwm[m pHjyKp&mr&Sd
avmufatmifygyJ/ 'g[m q&mt&Siw
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ud,
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BuKd ;yrf;chMJ uvdUk aygh/ wynhaf v;awG ar;
orQ jyefajzMum;&if; tcsed af wGukd wefz;kd &Sd
pGmtoH;k jyKcw
hJ ,fav/ q&mwdUk tcsed u
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pmrrSaD yrzGUJ avmufwt
Jh awG;eJU b0udk
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tcsed af eU&ufawGukd tpm;xd;k &yfwefUzdUk
avmufyeJ m;vnfcMhJ uw,fav/ pdwyf ef;
vlyef; tzwfwifc&hJ ovdk a&&mwJh tajz
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k nf; xGurf vmcJb
h ;l aygh/ q&m
ajymrSem;vnfoabm aygufcJh&w,f
qdw
k m pl;prf;jcif;awG a0befyikd ;f jcm;jcif;
awG uif;rJhwmuvnf; taMumif;wpf
csujf zpfrmS yg/ i,fi,fu ynmr&SmrS;D cJ&h if
Bu;D jyif;vmwJt
h cg aemifw w&m;awGeUJ
a&maxG;,Sufwif jzpfwwfw,fqdkwJh
tawG;vnf; rawG;wwfcv
Jh Ukd aygh/
ajymrSod xdreS m omrSae aorS
cif oifrw
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kd hJ wZGwx
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arG;jrLcJhNyD; avmuBuD;udktusnf;wef
rSwcf suaf wGxw
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M 83
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avmufa&maygh/ trSew
f u,f vdt
k yfae
wJh t&mwpfcu
k kd wdUk tm;vH;k tpm;rxd;k
Edik cf MJh u&if ordik ;f rsuEf mS jyifay: trnf;
pufBu;D wpfck wifay;vdu
k w
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pum;twdkif; udk,fhordkif;udk aumif;
atmif a&;chMJ u&rSmyg/ 'DawmhrS ordik ;f &JU
*kPjf 'yf[m rqGUH tawmhb;l aygh/ trSef
wu,f wefz;dk xm;&rnfh tcsed rf mS ud,
k f
[m wefz;kd &Srd eS ;f rodchJ rxm;ch&J if b0[m
epfemvGef;wmuvGJvdkU tjcm;r&SdEdkif
awmhNy/D
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D m; wpfcsyf
udk jyefvnfuma&;qGNJ y;D vlUb0rsuEf mS
jyifxufrmS qifyh mG ;todawG a0iScMhJ uygrS
vnf; udk,favQmufvSrf;wJh vrf;wpf
avQmuf vSywJyh ef;yifuav;awG ayguf
vmawmhrmS aygh/ qifjcifo;kH oyf ud,
k yf ikd f
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h my,f ,l
oifw
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arG;Ny;D jyKpyk sKd ;axmif ajrawmifajrm ufay;
&awmh r nf h t csd e f y g/ avmuBuD ; [m
ud k , h f & J U q&mjzpf v k d Y ol u ay;xm;wJ h
jrifjh rwfwahJ umif;jcif;*kPaf wGuw
kd efz;kd xm;
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hf ;Hk &rSm jzpfygw,f/ avmu
2538
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txJrmS ,lp&mawGrsm;pGm &Sad eygw,f/

udk,fudk,fwdkif vSrf;,lvdkufkHav;ygyJ/
udk,f&ydkifcGifhawG jzpfw,fqdk&ifaygh/
a&TaiGped af usmufrnfrQ ud,
k ahf &SU a&muf
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avmufa&maygh/ BuKd ;pm;cJw
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[mvnf; olUwdUk &UJEUkd &nfawGeUJ avmu
aumif;usdK;o,fydk; aqmif&GufcJhw,f/
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pmayoif,jl cif; vkyif ef;awG vkyaf ecJh
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aumif ; rS e f ; rod c J h o vd k tvS r f ; vnf ;
a0;cJ&h w,f/ oif,jl cif;ESiu
hf sio
hf ;kH jcif;udk
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
[efcsun
f pD mG xm;Ny;D avmuaumif;usKd ;
omoemawmf a umif ; usd K ; wd k i f ; jynf
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pGr;f pGr;f wrH tawGUtBuKo
H pfrsm; &SmazG
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aom q&mr&Sd}} [kqdkcJhavawmh\/
q&maumif; wpfa,mufjzpfzUkd twGuf
vnf; tawGUtBuKH aumif;rsm; &SmrS;D xm;&
rSmjzpfNy;D ,if;tawGUtBuKrH sm;rSwpfqifh
vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmf csw
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vnfvnfeUJ vrf;praysmufysub
f J vrf;
trSef ay:aygufvmawmhrmS aygh/ twdwf
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oH&,f ukefqHk;cJhwJhtcsdefawG&,f jyef
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arQmv
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rjrnfawmhwJh awm&Gmuacgif;avmif;
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tpm;xd;k &rnfah e&mrSm tpm;rxd;k cJ&h if
wdUk rsm;[m wm0efrausoal wG jzpfomG ;
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vnfum tpm;xdk;jcif;eJU aus;vuf&JU
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ajcvSr;f wpfvrS ;f uaepcJMh u&wmyg/
2538
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awGukd bmoma&;todawG wyfqifay;
onfh ae&mrSm ynmpGr;f vQuf aiGaMu;
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
rpGr;f Edik v
f Udk roifay;Edik &f wmvm;/ aiG
aMu;a&m ynmyg pGr;f Edik yf gvQuf twukd
a&SUwef;wifoal wG&UJMum;xJu,
kd af &mufae
vdUk ae&mr&wmvm;/ tem*wfvUl abmif
vSyzdUk 'Dtwm;tqD;awGukd ausmv
f mT ;um
atmifjrifnn
D w
G w
f hJ vrf;ay:aygufa&;
vufraES;MuzdkUvdktyfygw,f/ udk,fhydkif
euf ud,
k phf m;usurf mS ud,
k u
f ,
kd w
f ikd Mf u
awmhvrJ pGr;f ? pGr;f Edik o
f u
l v
kd nf;OD;pm;ray;
omoemjyKpdwf"mwfqdkwm a0vma0;?
'DtawG;eJUtod aygufzGm;aeorQawmh
ab;ywf 0 ef ; usif & J U ,H k M unf j cif ; awG
av;pm;jcif;awG[m wpfpwpfpvnf;
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52 .
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,d;k ,drf tvStyvnf;ndK;rSed f wefz;kd odrf

vlU tjzpfeUJ use&f pfc&hJ awmhrmS aygh/
pmzwfov
l nf;yJ wcsed u
f vSycJh
wJah cgif;avmif;oH xdt
k oHeUJ twl q&m
t&Sirf sm;&JU tm;rmeft[kew
f Ukd jyefvnf
ay:ayguf v mapzd k U qD r D ; wef a qmif
xGe;f n&d if;eJU xdt
k vif;eJUtwl ud,
k &f iS f
oefaewJh ud,
k 0hf ef;usirf mS pmaytodrsm;
jzefUjzL;um ]]&S&d if;pGaJ v; xde;f odr;f ay;}} zdUk
wdUk tm;vkrH mS wm0ef&adS eygaMumif; ../
t&Sio
f v
D mpm& (a&Taemifajr)
tvSLay;olvm;T
Soifuwcgwcg
ukodkvfjyK&if;u tukodkvfudk 0,f,lovdkjzpfae
wwfw,f/
ukodkvf&bdkUyJ tm;xkwfyg/
tjrwf&bdkU aps;a&mif;&if; t&if;jyKwfwmrsKd;rjzpfygapeJU/
oifu tvSLcHqdkcJh&ifvnf; vSLwmudkyJ cH,lyg/

cHvdkU vSL&wmrsKd;rjzpfygapeJU/
ukov
kd u
f kd &S,,
f mvky&f if;u tukov
kd u
f kd 0kid ;f vkwmrsK;d jzpfae
wwfw,f/
q&mpH (oDw*l)
2538
MAY
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SA G A ING
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ca
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tA
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aemifwawG r&rdygapeJY
t&SiZf edw
wwd,ESp?f bDat
wpfaeY
ausmif;utjyef OD;Zif; {nfo
h nf
a&mufaew,fw?hJ wpfcef;wnf;twlae
wJh OD;Zif;uajymvkdY vSrf;tMunfhvkduf
xaemif;yif&JUatmuf pifav;ay:rSm
'umESpaf ,mufxidk v
f Ydk ab;rSm qkid u
f ,f
wpfp;D &yfxm;w,f? 'umwpfa,mufu
ajcaxmufrmS ywfw;D Bu;D eJY aemufwpf
a,muf u awmh bm'Pf & mrS &[ef
rwlygbl;? aoaocsmcsm Munfv
h u
dk af wmh
rS ]]a[mhAsm}} 'umvGiOf ;D 'gub,fvdk
jzpfwmwke;f qkad wmh? b,fvjdk zpfwmwke;f
qk&d if uk,
d af wmfa& wjrefaeYu qkid u
f ,f
tufp;D 'ifjh zpfvw
Ydk /hJ ta0;uMunfah wmh
'Pf&mawGu roJuaJG yr,fh teD;uyfNy;D
MunhfawmhrS vufrSmawGa&m yg;eJYar;
w0ku
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dk 'f Pf&m
awGu enf;rSrenf;yJu;dk ? odyjf rifraumif;
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qkdifrSmxm;wm? tJ'g raeYu qkH;wm
taMumif;Mum;vkv
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qDvmwmu owd&vkw
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d hf
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k dk
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
qufwkdufar;jzpfoGm;w,f/ rkd;&Gmwkef;
a&csKd ;&if; a&uefxJ qif;Ny;D ul;vkYd a&epf
Ny;D qk;H wm? toufu (17) ESpyf J &Sad o;
w,fw/hJ oem;p&myJ? ykxZk Ofw&Ydk UJ "rwm
0rf;enf;rIawGu ]vIu
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Yd ufvm
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tif;av aojcif;w&m;qkdwm tcsdef;
tcsuf vkyx
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f myJ?
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bmawG jyifqifNy;D Nyv
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awGom jyefvmw,f? b,favmufjyif
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[kwyf gw,f? b,fow0gyJjzpfjzpf
cEm&vmNyDqkd&if tcsdefra&G;aoEkdif
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cEmyJ&&? cEm&vmNyq
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raocsmjcif;awGxu
J taocsm qk;H wpfck
yJ? wcsKd UvlawGu ajymMuao;w,f ao
jcif;w&m; taMumif;ajym&if ]]oGm;prf;yg?
rif;yg;pyfyw
k Bf u;D EGm;EkeYd o
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GNI A
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52 .
M 83
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uk,
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f mu aojcif;w&m;qkw
d m
b,fvrdk S a&Smifvv
JG Ydk r&Ekid b
f ;l qkw
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Ak'b
mom? rGwpf vif? [dEL ? c&p,mef?
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d mawGudk
awmh rvGrJ aoG BuKaH wGU&rSmyg/
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[m EGm;owfu
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arhavsmu
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wm;r&bl;}}/
wm;r&bl;wJh? ed,mrwpfckrkdYyg?
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rSeo
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d hJ
b0ae0ifcsed [
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Y jref rvGrJ aoG
a&mufvmrSmyg? tJ't
D cgMu&if b,fol
u b,foUl uk?d b,ft&mukd tm;uk;d rvJ
2538
MAY
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SA G A ING
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M Y AN M
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UBLIM
"rRtoH
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199
f ef&if; zmodzmomyJ Ny;D qk;H oGm;Mu

qkdwm odomxif&Sm; vmygvdrfhr,f? &Sio
wmu rsm;ygw,f/
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um;? q,fa&;wpfa&;? u,fEidk af o;\?
tkad b; emab;? aojcif;ab;[k? ab;
okH;yg;? vGefBuD;rm;u? om;xuftrd?
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ra&rwGuEf idk b
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xJ y gaeovJ q k d w m pOf ; pm;p&myg/
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
wu,fawmh tkd em aoqkw

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csed f a&mufNyq
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should we prepare our lfie to get peace
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Ny;D awmh How much good things have we

done? qkw
d hJ ar;cGe;f &,f 'Dar;cGe;f av;
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ar;cGe;f ukad Mumufwo

hJ [
l m b0
rSm rwk;d wufygbl;? uk;d wef;? q,fwef;?
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I;H edrrhf eI v
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2538
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f ;l av;eJY tkd
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aMumifh rif;uGe;f q&mawmfBu;D u ]],ckyif
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jyKavmh/ ,ckyifvQif remcifu BuKd wif
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aowmawGUcJ&h aygif; rsm;ygNy/D uk,
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
jzKwaf oaewm jrifawGU&bl;aygif; rsm;Ny/D

oHa0*Pfjzpfcb
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vkYd tvkyu
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dk af umif;rI
vkyaf wmhr,fvYdk pOf;pm;xm;&if reufjzef
ra&mufcif 'DaeYaooGm;&if b,fvv
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rvJ/ owdxm;p&myg/
b0qkw
d m tcsed ef YJ wnfaqmuf
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tcsed u
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f dk
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Ydk wGuf tqkt
d rdeaYf wG
u trsm;Bu;D yg/ vomwke;f Akid ;f iif? aeyl
wke;f pyg;vSe;f ? tcsed rf cDS sKyf tpkwo
f uf
om? tcsdefESifh'Da&onf vlukdrapmihf?
avmurSm tpm;xk;d Ny;D vJv,
S v
f Ydk r&wJh
t&m ESprf sKd ;&Sw
d ,f? tJ'g ]]tcsed ef rYJ b
d }}
yJ qkw
d mrsKd ;awG trsm;Bu;D ygyJ/
tcsed u
f dk wefz;dk &Spd mG eJY tok;H rcsbJ
tusdK;rJh ukefqkH;apr,fqkd&if aemifw
awGeYJ &ifqidk &f rSm taotcsmyg/ waeY
u aemifwq,fyg;taMumif;ukd zwf&if;
u aumufcsuw
f pfcu
k cdk srw
d ,f/ tJ'g
EC
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nret
Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
bmvJqadk wmh ]]aemifw&Ekid w

f hJ taMumif;
tm;vk;H [m tcsed u
f dk tusKd ;rJh ok;H pGcJ rhJ v
d Ydk
qkdwmyJ/ b0rSm vkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwm
awGudk rvkyw
f v
hJ [
l m rvkyo
f ifh rvkyf
xkdufwmawGukd vkyfaerdwwfygw,f/
vkyo
f ifv
h yk x
f u
dk w
f mukd rvky&f if jzpfoifh
jzpfxu
dk w
f mawG jzpfrvmEkid yf gbl;/ tJ'D
vkyd gyJ b0rSm rvkyo
f ifh rvkyx
f u
dk w
f m
awGudk vkycf rhJ &d ifvnf; rjzpfoifw
h hJ qk;d
usKd ;awGeYJ BuKaH wGUMu&rSmyg/ tJ'aD wmhrS
]]aemifwawG &MurSmyg]]/ aemifwawG
r&rdMuavatmif "rbufuae ajym
r,fq&dk if wpfr*fwpfzv
dk f r&awmif ao
jcif;w&m;ukd aemufqkH;tcsdefxd wnf
wnfNird Nf ird ef YJ &ifqidk Ef idk zf Ydk vkaH vmufwhJ
orm"dudk &atmifawmh tm;xkwx
f m;
oihfygw,f/ wjcm;ukodkvfawGukdawmh
&oavmufjyKxm;&rSmyg/ avmutaeeJY
ajym&if yxrt&G,f ynm&Sm? 'kwd,
t&G,rf mS Opm&Sm? wwd,t&G,rf mS w&m;
&SmqkNd y;D b0&JUtcsed u
f dk ok;H ykid ;f cGx
J m;
ygw,f/ yxr ynm&Sm&r,fht&G,frSm
pGr;f Ekid o
f avmuf ynmukd vkaH vmufpmG
&SmazGNy;D 'kw,
d t&G,rf mS tJ'yD nmawGudk
vufawGUavmuxJrmS tok;H cs&if; Opm
ukd &Sm&rSmyg/ wwd,t&G,f a&mufNyD
2538
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M Y AN M
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E PU
UBLIM
"rRtoH
AR
- CE
199
4
199
qkdwmeJY pD;yGm;Opm&Smwmukd &yfwefYvkdY

uk,
d b
hf 0oHo&mtwGuf w&m;"rudk &Sm&
r,fvYdk vrf;Tex
f m;wmyg/ t&G,o
f ;Hk yg
olUtcsed ef o
YJ l uGuw
f yd gyJ? wu,fvYdk i,f
pOfuynmr&SmcJrh v
d Ydk 'kw,
d Opm&Sm&r,fh
t&G,frSm ynm&Sm&NyDqkd&if wwd,
w&m;&Sm&r,fht&G,f[m toufarG;
0rf ; aMumif ; zk d Y t wG u f pD ; yG m ;Op m awG
uke;f &Smae&Nyq
D &dk if b0[m &pforH rSew
f hJ
aw;oGm;wpfy'k v
f dk uaomif;ueif; jzpf
aerSmyg/ olUt&G,feJYol uGufwdjzpfae
atmif tcsd e f u k d w ef z k d ; &S d & S d tok H ; cs
wwfzv
Ydk ydk gw,f/ owdjyK&rSmu Bu;D Bu;D
&G,&f ,
G f i,fi,fvwfvwf b,forl qkd
aoEkid w
f ,f? aor,f/ 'gaMumihf yxrt&G,f ynm&Sm&ifvnf;
ukov
dk &f atmif&mS &rSmyg/ 'kw,
d t&G,f
Opm&Sm&ifvnf; ukov
kd "f rawG&atmif
qnf;yl;&ygr,f/ wwd,t&G,fus&if
awmh wpfr*f wpfzv
dk q
f u
dk af tmif w&m;
&Sm&rSmyg/ 'grS b0[m wnfNidrfat;
csrf;NyD; aemifwwzef ylyefrIawGuae
Nird ;f at;MurSmyg/ aemufq;Hk ed*;Hk csKyt
f aeeJY
rif;uGe;f q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D qk;H rawmf
rlwt
hJ wkid ;f -
,ckyifvQif rtkcd ifu BuKd wif aumif;rI

BuKd ;pm;jyKavmh
,ckyifvQif remcifu BuKd wif aumif;rI
BuKd ;pm;jyKavmh
,ckyifvQif raocifu BuKd wif aumif;rI
BuKd ;pm;jyKavmh vko
Yd wday;wku
d w
f eG ;f &if;
]]aemifwawG r&rdMuygapeJ}Y } vkYd qEjyK
vku
d &f ygw,f/
t&SiZf edw
wwd,ESp?f bDat
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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499
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Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
uH[k qdkMu&m0,f
t&Sif0drv (&wemodCF)
KKN
wpf&Ha&mtcg Ak'bk&m;&Sif om
0wdj ynfreG f aZw0efausmif;awmfBu;D rSm
oDwif;oH;k aexdik f awmfrpl Ofumv . ..
okb[kac:qdt
k yfaomvkvifwpfa,muf
bk&m;&SifxH a&mufvmNyD; bk&m;&SifESifh
0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m axG&mav;yg; tjyef
tvSef EIwfqufpum; ajymMum;NyD;wJh
aemuf tcGio
hf mcku
d rf mS vkvifvnf; ol
odvdk&m&m ar;cGef;av;awGudk tpOf
wus avQmufxm;w,f/
]]t&Siaf *gwr? cGijhf yKygu ar;cGe;f
tenf;i,favQmufxm;vdyk gw,f[q
k v
k d mpOf}
bk&m;&Sifvnf; xdkvkvifi,f&JU a&S;u
uk o vl y ed , taMumif ; t
axmuf t yH h & S d c J h w mud k od w J h t wG u f
vkvifi,f ar;vdk odvw
kd hJ ar;cGe;f rsm;udk
tomwMunfyJ vufccH yhJ gw,f? vkvif
i,fuvnf; bk&m;&SifcGifhjyKcsuf&wmeJY
wpfNydKifeuf ar;cGef;rsm; udk pwifar;yg
awmhw,f/
]t&Sifa*gwr? ow0gawG[m
vlYb0udk toD;toD;udk,fpDukd,fpD &&Sd
MuNyD; vlvlcsif; wlMuygvsufeJY bm
aMumifrh sm; tcsKUd vlrsm;rSm t,kwf tedrhf
b0rsKd;rSm aygufzGm;Mu&NyD; tcsKdUvlrsm;
rSmawmh tjrifhtjrwfb0rsKd;rSm &Sifoef
Mu&yg ovJ ..wJh? xdkYaemufwpfzef (1) wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSm ukd,fh&JUb0
kyv
f ;kH yDjyifru
I kd avmuudk jycGirhf &vdu
k f
Mu&yJ vufzspfwpfwD;rQom touf&Sif
cGifh&MuNyD; (short-live)? wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSm
awmh 'DwpfoufrSm raoawmhbl;vdkY
xif&avmufatmif touf&SifcGifh &Mu
ygw,f (long-live)/
(2) wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSm ESmap;wm
utp tdyf,mxJ bkef;bkef;vJonhfwkdif
a&m*gxl temrsm;MuNyD; (sickly)? wpf
csKdUvlrsm;rSmawmh ]a&m*gqdkwm bmvJ}
vdkY ar;&avmufatmif temuif;Mu
enf;Muygw,f (healthy)/
2538
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(3) wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSm . .Orm'ED

ozG,f tvS<u,fNyD; (most beautiful)?
wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSmawmh rif;ukoozG,f
kyf&nftqif; tvGefnhHzsif;Muygw,f
(very ugly)/
(4) wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSm . . wpf
aumifwnf; 'gayr,fh <uufygyJvYkd ajym
&avmufatmif txD;usefpGmaeMu&NyD;
(uninfluential)? wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSmawmh
xrif;pm;NyD;om; udk,fhvuf olrsm;aq;
ay;&avmufatmif udk,hfudp todkif;
t0k d i f ; &S i f ; &if N yD ; &avmuf a tmif u d k
tNcHt&H taqGawG aygvSygw,f (Influential)/
(5) wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSm . . r[m
"eolaX;om;&JU b0ed*Hk; tqHk;csKyfyHk
ozG,f OpmawGenf; cGufvufqJGNyD;
awmif;pm;r0 rGJjymMu&wJh tajctae
rsKd;rSm&SdNyD; (poor) wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSmawmh
. . pdefawGudkyif jyKwfpm;awmhrnfh
tvm; bPf u d k y if rd r d t d w f a xmif
ozG,f Edu
I v
f Ekd u
dI f xnfv
h x
kd nfh ya'om
yif O,smOf x J r S m yJ vl j zpf v m&ovd k
"e&Sif vlwGifus,fawG jzpfMu&ygw,f
(wealthy)/
(6) wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSm avmou
wd rax&f a vmif ; vsmav;&J U b0
ozG,f trsKd;nHhvScsnf&JUqdk aqGz,f
rsKd;ypf trIdufyHkrSm EGm;ESifhtNydKif aumuf
pm;? awGU&mZ&yfrSm tdyfNyD; wpfaeY
rax&fBu;D (t&Sio
f m&dyw
k & m)wpfyg;\
tMuifemw&m;ud&k um trsK;d nHh pGeyYf ,f
b0rS oDoDuav; vGwfvm&NyD; (lowborn)? wpfcsKdUvlrsm;rSmawmh 0d##Lb\
"m;csuf a tmuf a&muf M u&zl ; aom
omuDEG,fzGm;rsm;yrm trsKd;jrwfMuyg
ayw,f? pl;&SxufjrufwJh &JpGrf;owdeJY
vnf; jynfhpHkMuygayw,f (high-born)/
(7) wpfcsKUd vlrsm;rSm ..pku
d Ef iS hf
ur|mef; tBuKd urf awGUao;cifu plVyef
rax&fav;\ av;vywfvHk; trdt&
usuf r S w f y grS wpf a Mumif ; wpf * gxm
PfrSm xif[yfvm&ovdk tkHYqdkif;
wYkHrIdif;NyD; xHkxdkif;wJh P'kAvrsKd;rSm
jzpfMu& vlbHktv,frSm *Gusus t
eeeJY &SifoefaygufzGm;vmMu&NyD; (stupid)? wpfcsKUd vlrsm;rSmawmh . . wpfxi
kd f
wnf;jzifh *gxmwpfaxmif yk'fajcmuf
aomif;udk tjyeftvSef vl;vm;acgufwYkH
&Gwfzwfo&Zm,fEdkifwJh t*om0u
t&S i f o m&d y k w & mrax&f v d k r[k w f
awmif rSwfausmufwif tprf;oyfcH
Ekid af vmufwhJ Pf&nf PfaoG; xuf
xuf j ruf j ruf ynm0E r sKd ; EG , f p k r S m
ayguf z G m ;&S i f o ef M u&ygw,f (wise)
bk&m; . .wJh/ vlvlcsif; wlMuygvsuf
od
Yk yHjk zpf&onfrmS taMumif;b,foYkd
&S&d ygovJ? a&S;u taxmuftyHh tb,f
odkY &SdygovJ[k avQmufxm;ar;jref;cJh
ygw,f/
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
bk&m;&Si&f UJ ajzMum;csurf mS awmh

twdkusOf;eJY vkd&if;ygyJ? ]tarmifvkvif?
qefY usib
f ufeYJ touf&iS o
f efaeMu&wJh
ow0gawG[m . .
rdrdjyKcJhwJh uHomvQif Opmtpk
&SdMuw,f? uH&JU tarGudk cH,lMu&w,f?
uHomvQif taMumif;&if; &SdMu w,f?
uHomvQif awmfpyf&m aqGrsK;d &SMd uw,f?
uHomvQif OD;xdyfyefqif&m/ aemufqHk;
awmh t,kwftjrwfESpfvDukd uHuyJ
b0okyfudk cJGay;oGm;Mu&wmyJ} vdkY
ajzMum;&m tJ'cD sucf si;f &vmwJh tajzukd
ud,
k w
f idk f P'kAv
jzpfaewJh vkvifi,f
vnf;yJ kwfw&uf rod&SmyJ&Sd&m . . ?
]]t&Sifa*gwr? t&Sifh&JU ajzMum;
csuftusOf;udk em;wGifajzmifhwef;pGm
r0if o nf j zpf awmif ; yef a vQmuf
xm;vdyk g\? tus,w
f 0ifh odvydk gw,f}}
[k aemufxyfar;cGef; xyfwufvm&mrS
'gqdkvnf; tarmifvkvif em;pdkufpdkuf
axmif ESv;kH oGi;f awmh rSeyf gap igbk&m;
a[mjyajymjyr,f ..[k trdefY&SdygrS
..rSefyg em;pdkufpdkufaxmifNrJ ESvHk;oGif;
aumif;qJyg . . [k 0efcHNyD;onfh tqHk;
(1) vkvif 'DavmurSm
a,musfm;yJjzpfjzpf rdef;ryJjzpfjzpf olU
touf owfr,f? Murf;MuKwfjcif; o
abm&Sdr,f? aoG;pGef;aomvuf&Sdr,f
owfykwfnif;qJjcif;vnf; 0goem
ygr,f? ow0gwdYk tay: oem;jcif;vnf;
EC
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Y TI R
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Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
uif;r,fqdk&if ...tJ'Dvdk rSm;,Gif;wJh

vky&f yfawGaMumifh xdo
k [
l m tyg,fvm;
r,f? tyg,frvm;yJ uHr vdkY vlUb0udk
&vmcJh&if toufwdkr,f? tema&m*g
awG ESdyfpufvdkY oufqdk; r&SnfEkdifbl;wJh?
'gawG[m toufw&dk jcif;&JU taMumif;yJ?
(tyg,ku oH0wedum)/
vkvif tjyeftm;jzifhawmh olY
toufudk rowf? 'kwf "m;vufeufudk
udkifaqmif rBudrf;armif;? oem;jcif;
vnf; &Sdr,fqdk ..tJ'D yk*dKvf ewf&Gm
a&muf&r,f? tu,f ewf&GmuvGJ
acsmv
f Ykd vl&Y mG a&mufvmcJ&h if vlo
Y ufwrf;
aphae&r,f? oufqdk;&Snfr,f ..'g[m
oufwrf;&SnfpGm ae&jcif;&JU taMumif;
ayyJ/ ('DCm,ku oH0wedum)/
(2) vkvif 'DavmurSm
a,musmf ; rde;f r b,foyl jJ zpfjzpf ow0g
awG&JU tay:rSm rdrdvufeJYyJ jzpfjzpf?
ausmuf c J a wG 'k w f " m;vuf e uf a wG
eJyY jJ zpfjzpf ni;f qJorI jyKcrhJ ,fq&kd ifawmh
..tJ'Dyk*dKvf i&Jvm;&r,f? i&Ju cRwf
acsmfvdkY vlYjynf a&mufvmcJh&ifawmh
tema&m*g xlajymr,f? tJ'gawG[m
tema&m*grsm;&jcif;&JU taMumif;yJ?
(A0SgAm"oH0wedum)/
vk v if tjyef t m;jzif h a wmh
txufqdkcJhNyD;onfrS a&SmifMuOfcJhvQif
awmh ewf&Gm (odkY) vlY&GmodkYa&muf&
rvGJraoG tema&m*genf;aprSmygyJ/
2538
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(tygAm" oH0wedum)/
(3) vkvif 'DavmurSm
a,mufsm; rde;f r rnforl qdk wI;I;w&S&J JS
trsufxGufwwfr,f? tNrJwrf; yifyef;
aomuk,
d [
f ef&rdS ,f? tenf;i,fqefu
Y sif
rESpfoufzG,fpum;udk qdkrdwmeJY a'go
awG tvdkvdkyGifhvmr,f? zsufqD;csif
pdwfawG tvdkvdk a&mufvmr,f? tjcm;
wpfzufrS &yfwnfqefu
Y si
f ajymqdv
k Qif
.. tJ'yD *k Kd v[
f m i&Jus (od)Yk vljY ynf&u
kyftqif; tusnf;wefwwfygw,f?
('kAPoH0wedum)? tjyeftm;jzihfawmh
kyf&nftqif; vSywifhw,fjcif;\ t
aMumif;yif jzpfayw,f/ (0P0E oH0wedum)/
(4) vkvif 'DavmurSm
a,musfm;jzpfap rdef;rjzpfap olwpf
yg;wdkY vmbf&rI? tdktao tav;
*kjyK? jrwfEdk;ylaZmfrIwdkY &&Sdaomtcg
ab;uaexdkif rqDqdkifyJ jiLpljyr,f?
mw&m;awG ESyd pf ufojzifh jrnfweG f
awmufw;D jyr,fqv
kd Qif tJ'yD *k Kd vf i&Jus
(od)Yk vljY ynfoYkd a&mufcahJ omf bke;f tnTeYf
usKd; taqGenf;wwfygay\? (tay
ouo0H weu
d m)? avmu wpfa,muf
wnf;aepOf ckduf&ef r&Sdwwf (udk,f
twGi;f udavomudk rqd)k csr;f omonf
[k qd&k aomfvnf; taqGaumif; taqG
rGefwdkYudkawmh vdktyfonfomwnf;?
tjyeftm;jzihu
f m; taqGaumif; taqG
rGef aygrsm;jcif;? bke;f nTeb

Yf ek ;f od&f w&Sed f
&Sed w
f uf&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;aywnf;/
(ra[ouoH0wedum)/
(5) vkvif 'DavmurSm
a,musfm;jzpfap rdef;rjzpfap &[ef;
ykPm; olawmfoljrwfwdkYtm; pm;p&m
xrif;jzpfap aomufp&m tazsmf 0wfp
&m t0wftxnf pD;p&m ,mOfponfwYdk
vSL'gef;orI rjyKcJhygu i&JodkY usufwwf
ygw,f (od)Yk vljY ynfoYkd aexkid cf iG hf &cJyh gu
Opmenf;NyD; qif;&Jwwfygw,f/ (ty
abm* oH0wedum)?
i&JwGifusuf qif;&Jeuf Opm
enf;\[kq&kd m rvSL'gef; ray;urf;jcif;
oabmoufoufawmhaMumifu
h m;r[kw?f
rdrdOpmudka0jcrf;&rnfpkd; 0SufuJhwwf
aom rp&,
d uHaMumifh yifjzpf\? rp&,
d
onfyif ynm&So
d al wmfaumif;wdYk cs;D rGr;f
jcif;rjyK? uJh&JUtyfaom tukodkvfw&m;
wdkY\ trlt&myifjzpf\[k rSwf&rnf?
tjyeftm;jzihu
f m; 'Da&uJo
h Ykd pnf;pdrw
f ;kd
&jcif;\ taMumif;jzpfw,f/
(r[mabm* oH0wedum)/
(6) vkvif 'DavmurSm
rde;f rjzpfap a,musmf ;yifjzpfap cufxef
jcif; rmeBuD;jcif;[laom taMumif;
aMumifh &Sdckd;xdkufoludk r&Sdcdk; c&D;OD;BudK
xdu
k o
f u
l kd rBuKd ae&may;xdu
k f vrf;ay;
xdu
k o
f u
l kd ray; tdt
k aojyKtyf ylaZmf
tyfou
l kd rylaZmf xdak omolonf rmefrl
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
jcif;aMumifh i&JodkYuswwf (odkY) vlYbHk

Xmeodv
Yk m;&ygu atmufwef;us rsK;d EG,f
pk aygufzGm;wwfygw,f? (eDp ukv
oH0wedum) tjyeftm;jzihfum; trsKd;
jrwf ayguf z G m ;Ed k i f w ,f / (Op m uk v
oH0wedum)/
(7) vkvif 'DavmurSm
rd e f ; rjzpf a p a,musf m ;yif j zpf a pOD ;
&[ef;ykPm; wdkYtm; csOf;uyf ]]t&Sif
ukodkvf tukodkvfqdkwm tb,fenf;?
tjypf&dS r&Sad om tvky[
f o
l nf tb,f
enf;? rSD0Jqnf;uyftyf rtyf aeYnOfh
ywfv;kH t"Ge&Yf n
S pf mG csr;f om&a&; tavh
tusujf yKtyf rjyKtyfaom w&m;onf
tb,fenf;[k ynm&SdwdkYxH penf;rem
jcif;onf Pfynm qkwf,kwfjcif;\
taMumif;yifjzpfw,f? ('kyn oH0w
edum) tjyeftm;jzifhum; ra[mo"m
uJhodkYaom okcrdef&mxl;udk yefqifEkdif
Mu PfynmxGef;awmufvif;vuf
aom rdom;pk0if &SifoefaygufzGm;Edkif
w,f (r[mynoH0wedum)/
okcrde&f mxl;[lonfum; . . .
eef;xdkufolwdkYom yefqifcGifh&Ekdifaom
awmf0ifoZifuJhodkY oDvjzihf pifMu,f?
aemufusKjcif;uif;&m taemwwftdkif
ae&&m\ a&tvsOfuJhodkY orm"djzihf
wnfwHhcefYjim; vsifaomt[kefjzihf
ajy;oGm;aomaZm (ranning swiftly)
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Blanoita
GNI A
G AS
T YA
US EH
52 .
M 83
EB
uJo
h Ykd ynmjzifh t&Sed f t[keBf u;D olwo
Ykd m
yefqifciG &hf Muaom bGUJ xl; &mxl;yif jzpf
ay\/
tJ'Dvkd bk&m;&Sifu ow0gwdkY&JU
edrjhf cif;jrifjh cif; taMumif;&if;ukd tus,f
w0ifh &Si;f jyvdu
k yf grS vkvifi,f&UJ em;rSm
ajzmifw
h ef;pGm 0ifavawmhw,f? 'DawmhrS
]]aMomf ..t&Siaf *gwr tvGef ESpo
f uf
p&maumif;ygayw,f? tvGef jrwfE;dk p&m
aumif;ygayw,f}} vdYk acgif; wndrn
hf rd hf
&ifwoyfoyfESifh tvGef auseyfoGm;NyD;?
]]aMomf t&Sifa*gwr[m arSmufxm;wJh
tkd;udk vSefjyvdkufovdkygyJ? rsufpdvnf
vrf;aysmufaewJh c&D;oGm;ukd vrf;rSeaf y:
jyefvnfqaJG c: wifay;vku
d f ovkyd gbJ/
yom'puK tjrif&Sdolwdkif; jrifMuvdrfh
r,fa[hvYkd tarSmifxrJ mS qD;rD;udk xGe;f nd
jyvdu
k o
f vdyk gbJ t&Siaf *gwr[m w&m;
wpfcsufudk taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;pGuf
xif&mS ;jyvdu
k v
f Ykd aumif;aumif;Bu;D jrif
oGm;&ygNyD/
xdaYk Mumifh t&Siaf *gwrudk vnf;
aumif; "ra&m oHCmygqnf;uyfyg\
(go for refuge to the Buddha, Dhamma
and Samgha) wynhfawmftm; Oygo
um[k todtrSwjf yK toufxufq;kH

ud k ; uG , f & mol y gwnf ; (let master
Gotama remember me as a lay follower
who has gone to him for refuge for life)
[k b0ifus &Tiyf spmG avQmufxm;vku

d f
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SA G A ING
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M Y AN M
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w,f/ Ak'onf ow0gwkdY\ b0 okyf

udk cGJ&m uHonf Opm tarGcH taMumif;
aqGrsKd; ukd;uG,f&m ,kwfjcif; jrwfjcif;
ESppf ckH &JG mrSm uHu a0zefyikd ;f jcm; q&mvkyf
oGm;w,fvkdY uHudk r@dKifjyKNyD; a[mjcif;
jzpf w ,f / uH & J U wd u saomtajzrS m
vkyf&yf (literally means action) yJjzpf
w,f? y&rwtm;jzifu
h m; ukov
kd f tuk
od k v f a pwem (the meritorious and
demeritorious volition) yifjzpfw,f? uH
(odkY) tvkyfwpfckNyD;pD;oGm;&if Pf
0D&d,wdkYvnf; ygvmNrJjzpfw,f/
(1) uHoufoufudkom rJwif;
aeygu acgif;txkcH&wJh ig;wpfaumif
vkd jzpfvdrfhr,f/
(2) 0D&,
d ,Hk ig;rSmawmh vGwf
avmufwJh uHvnf;&Sdaeawmh 0D&d,udk
tokH;jyKoGm;wJhtwGuf toufab;u
vGwfoGm;&w,f/
(3) uH & J U tcG i f h o mck d u f u d k
acsmif;Ny;D 0D&,
d udak pmifq
h idk ;f vsuf Pf
udk tcsdefudkuf toHk;csvdkufwJh Pf,Hk
ig;[mvnf; toufab;u vGwaf jrmuf
oGm;&w,f/ (&wemh *kPf&nf)
'gaMumifh rCa'0vuFrSm 'Dvkd
qkdw,f =
uH [ k r l v ? or K ' w d k Y ? a[mjy
onfrmS ? t&if;om&Si?hf Opmabm*? ZD0w
d
ESifh? okcyGm;&ef? vlYXmefrSm? Pf

0D&d,? ya,m*wnf;? umv a'o?
yk*vudk? EIdif;q tyfwHk? uHukd ,Hk? rD;yHk
twGif;? rqif;xdkufpGm? usm;&J&mvnf;?
uHMurmtaMumif;? rdk;aumif;[k? ol
a[mif;a&SUu? qdkukefMu\/
'gaMumifh uHudk qdkMu&wJhtcg
olcY sn;f oufoufawmhum; rvHak vmuf?
uHoufoufuo
kd m rJwif; usm;&J&modYk
t&JpeG o
Yf mG ;ygu usm;pmom jzpf&csrd
hf ?
rD;yHktwGif; ckefqif;&ifvnf; jymjzpfHkrQ
vGJvkdY tjcm;r&Sd/ 'gaMumifh uHwpfckudk
jyKvyk f aqmif&u
G af epOf oleY ,
YJ OS &f m vkyf
azmfudkifzufrsm;vnf; ygpNrJyJjzpfw,f/
uH Pf 0D&d,wdkY [efcsufnDoifhyg
apaMumif; xyfavmif;ajymqdkvkduf&yg
awmhw,f/
t&Sif0drv (&wemodCF)
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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Blanoita
GNI A
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52 .
M 83
EB
tajcodrS tESpf&
armifcrm (uRef;vS)
Ak ' & S i f a wmf ay:ayguf v m

omvQif yk * d K vf r sm;pG m ow 0 gwk d Y o nf
um;ukokdvf tukodkvf[k cGJjcm; odrSwf
Mu&jcif;yifjzpfygonf/ okdYaomf xkdukokdvf
tukokdvfESpfrsdK;ukd Ak'&Sifawmf a*gwr
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf vl ewf jA[m
ow0grsm;ukd ]ukov
kd }f jzpfzo
Ydk m ta&; ]"r}
wnf;[laom w&m;a&at;ukd wkdufauR;
awmfrlcJhonf/
xkdw&mawmfwnf;[laom *kPf
awmf\tusifhukd vkdufemusifhokH; Muukef
aom yk*dKvfow0gwkdYrSm csrf;omokc&
&SdMu t"rwnf;[laom rolawmfwkdY\
t,kww
f rm tusiq
hf ;dk ]tukov
dk }f tzku
Yd dk
jyKvkyfaeMuukefaom yk*dKvfow0gwkdYrSm
&m*rD; a'gorD; arm[rD; ZmwdrD;paom
wpfq,fhwpfyg;aomrD; taESmiftzGJUwkdYrS
ruif;vGwEf idk Mf uacs/ okyYd gaomfvnf; xkrd ;D
wku
Yd dk wcPat;jrygap[k ]pdw]f tm;jyKum
Ak ' a [mMum; w&m;awmf u k d av;pm;

vkdufem ,kHMunftyfayonf/ xkdYaemuf
Ak'a[mMum; w&m;awmfrsm;ukd a&S;kd;
pOfqufrysuf r,drf;r,kdif ausmufpmwkdif
uJo
h Ydk yd#uwfawmfrsm;ukd vufqifu
h rf;um
xdef;odrf;vmMuukefaom bk&m;om;awmf
&[ef;oHCm t&Sio
f jl rwfrsm;\ a[majymrI
ukdvnf; vkdufemusihfokH;tyfayonf/
xko
d v
Ydk u
dk ef musio
fh ;Hk jcif;onf ukyd if
jrwfAk'\ tqkH;tr[kqkdtyfaom ]Ak'
bmom} ukd cH,lusifhokH;jcif;[kac:onf/
jrwfA'k \
tqk;H tr[lonfrmS vly*k Kd vq
f dk
ig;yg;oDv &Spfyg;oDvpaom oDvodum
&[ef;awmfrsm;ESihf omraP bduK erD yk*Kd vf
ax&f&SifwkdYrSmvnf; bk&m;&Sifynwfxm;cJh
aom tcsKyt
f m;jzifh 227 oG,af om odum
yk'fawGESifh vdif (10) yg;? 'Pf (10) yg;?
aocd,usi0hf wf (75) yg;paom tusiu
hf dk
cH,lusifhokH;jcif;ukd qkdvkd&if;jzpfygonf/
2538
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"rRtoH
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xkdYaMumifh jrefrmEkdifiHonf ,aeY

acwf bmomrsm;xJrS Ak'bmomukd cH,l
usio
hf ;Hk vsu&f o
dS nf/ tuREykf w
f Ydk Ak'b
mom
onf vlrsKd ;ra&G; yk*Kd vrf a&G; usio
hf ;Hk cH,El idk f
Muygonf/ Ak'\tqkH;trukd usifhokH;
cH,lum aomufokH;olwkdY\ pdwf0,fwGif
vnf; MunfEl;jcif; tm;&auseyfjcif; yDwd
vQHa0jcif;paom aumif;usdK;okc r*Fvm
wkdYukd rsm;pGmjzpfMu& xkdtaMumif;rsm;pGm
jzpfMuolwrYdk mS Ak'& iS af wmfb&k m;\ enf;em
ed ,uk d r S D v Quf bk & m;wnf ; [l a om
*kPfawmf w&m;wnf;[laom*kPfawmf
oHCmwnf;[laom*kPfawmf wdo&P
*reyk'f 0g'rSxu
G Mf uvmaom ]o&P*kP}f
okH;yg;ukdyif qkdvkd\/
Ak'b
mom0ifwrYdk mS xkd ]o&P*kP}f
okH;yg;ESifhig;yg;oDv &Spfyg;oDvpaom
jrwfpmG bk&m;\ tqk;H trawmfrsm;ukd vku
d f
emusif h o k H ; tyf a yonf / tcsd K Uaom
yk*dKvfwkdYrSm Ak'bmom[kcH,lxm;aomf
vnf; bk&m;*kPfawmf w&m;*kPfawmf
oHCmh*kPfawmfwkdY\ t&nftESpfrsm;ukd
*CeP rodMubJ rdkd;zvm tjzpfeJYom
ukd;uG,faeMujcif;yifjzpfonf/ ukd;uG,frI
xkH;wrf;pOfvmt&omjzpfMuayonf/
uREyfk w
f \
Ydk Ak'b
momrS r[kwaf y?
tjcm;tjcm;aom bmom0ifawGrSmvnf;
xkdYenf;wlpGm&Sdaernf[k pma&;ol\ &ifxJ
wGif xifrdygonf/ Ak'bmom0ifwkdY tzkdY
rSmawmh Ak'bk&m;&Sifawmf\ *kPfawmfukd
*CeP odatmifjyKrSom Ak'bk&m;&Sifukd
av;av;pm; pm;,kHMunfEkdifrnf? jrwfEkd;
Ekdifrnf? ukd;uG,fEkdifrnf? qnf;uyfEkdifrnf

jzpfonf/ xkdYenf;wlpGmyif Ak'a[mMum;
jrwfw&m;rsm;ESihf xkw
d &m;rsm;ukd xde;f odr;f
apmihfa&SmufaeMuaom bk&m;wynhfom;
&[ef;oHCmawmft&Sifjrwfrsm;\ *kPf
awmfrsm;ukdvnf; *CeP odatmifjyKrS
uk d ; uG , f q nf ; uyf r I r S m tusd K ;&S d r nf
jzpfonf/
xkdo&P*kPfokyg;ukd &if0,fykduf
um pGJNrJusifhBuHMu ig;yg;wnf;[laom
oD v avmuf a wmh Ak ' b mom0if w k d i f ;
aqmufwnfxm;oifah yonf/ a&S;OD;yxr
o&P*kPf cH,lykHukd qkdMuygpkdY? o&P
*kPfcH,lykHrSm av;rsdK;av;pm;&Sdonf[k
oDvuE0*t|uxm omrnzvokwH
qkdxm;ygonf/
1/ twoEd,smweo&P*kPf
2/ wy&m,Pwmo&P*kPf
3/ odbm0ly*reo&P*kPf
4/ yPdygwo&P*kPf[laom
av;rsdK;wkdYwnf;/
xkad v;rsKd ;wk\
Yd t"dyg ,fudk rusO;f
rus,faz:jy&rnfqkdvQif =
4if;wkrYd mS (1) &wemok;H yg;ukd tmkH
jyKvQuf ],aeYrSp igonf ig\ukd,fukd
bk&m; w&m; oHCm &wemjrwf ok;H yg;tm;
tyfEiS ;f yg\} [k rdru
d ,
dk u
f dk &wemjrwf ok;H
yg;tm; pGev
Yf w
T t
f yfEiS ;f onf ukd ]]twoEd
,smwe o&P*kPf}} [kac:ygonf/
2/ ],aeY r S p igonf bk & m;
w&m;oHCm &wemjrwfokH;yg;ukdomvQif
tm;ukd;yg\? tm;xm;yg\? vnf;avsmif;
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
yg\} [k &wemjrwfokH;yg;ukdom tm;ukd;

tm;xm;jcif;? uk;d uG,v
f nf;avsmif;jcif;ukd
]]wy&mPwmo&P*kP}f } [k ac:ygonf/
3/ ],aeY r S p igonf bk & m;
w&m; oHCm &wemjrwfokH;yg;\ teD;ae
wynfh jzpfonf} [k &wemjrwfokH;yg;\
wynhftjzpf uyfa&mufjcif; cH,ljcif;ukd
]]odbm0ly *reo&P*kPf}} [k ac:yg
onf/
4/ ],aeYrpS igonf bk&m;w&m;
oHCm &wemjrwfo;Hk yg;uko
d mvQif &Scd ;dk jcif;
c&D;OD;BuKd qjdk cif; vuftyk cf sjD cif; tkt
d ao
jyKjcif;trIwkdYukd jyKyg\} [k &wemjrwf
okH;yg; txGwftjrwftjzpfjzifh vGefpGm
kad oys0yfjcif;ukd }}yPdygwo&P*kP}f } [k
ac:ygonf/
okdY ukd;uG,fqnf;uyfykH av;rsdK;
wkw
Yd iG f rdrw
d BYdk uKd uEf pS o
f uf&m wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;jzihf
tm;ukd;tm;xm;&mtjzpf ukd;uG,fqnf;
uyfvQif o&P*kPfcH,lrIudp NyD;ajrmuf
onf[k oDvuE0*t|uxm qkdxm;
ygonf/
xkdYaemuf qkdcsifonfuawmh &Sdckd;
wkdif; o&P*kPfrjzpfyg/ rnfonfhyk*dKvf
rqkd &Sdckd;wkdif; o&P*kPfrjzpf? ,kHMunf
qnf;uyfrI r&Sdjcif;onf o&P*kPfrjzpf?
oD v orm"d ynm tusih f w &m;wk d Y E S i f h
jynfph jHk rifjh rwfaom yk*Kd vt
f jzpfjzifh ,kMH unf
qnf ; uyf r I y gvsuf &S d c k d ; rS o m o&P
*kPfjzpfygonf/
xk d o &P*k P f r jzpf j cif ; rS m vnf ;
okH;rsdK;okH;pm;&Sd\/ 4if;okH;rsdK;okH;pm;rSm (1)
EC
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52 .
M 83
EB
aqGrsKd ;jzpf &Scd ;dk jcif;? (2) aMumuf&Scd ;dk jcif;?

(3) q&mjzpf&Sdckd;jcif;rsdK;wdkUonf o&P
*kPrf jzpfyg/ jrwfpmG bk&m;ukyd if aqGrsKd ;jzpf
&Sdckd;vQif o&P*kPfrjzpfay/
&Sdckd;aomfvnf; o&P*kPf rysuf
qkdonfukdvnf; qkdygOD;rnf/ &wemokH;
yg;ukd ,kHMunfqnf;uyfojzifh o&P*kPf
wnfaeaom Ak'bmom0if wpfa,muf
onf wjcm;bmomrSbk&m;qkdolESifh bkef;
BuD; qkdolrsm;ukd aqGrsdK;jzpfjcif;? q&m
jzpfjcif;aMumifh &Scd ;dk aomfvnf; wnfNy;D om;
o&P*kPfrysuf? jrifhjrwfaom yk*dKvf[k
,lq &Sdckd;rSom o&P *kPfysufygonf/
o&P*kPfnpfEGrf;jcif;rSmvnf;
av;rsdK;&Sd\/ 4if;wkdYrSm
1/ &wemokH;yg;\*kPfukd rodvQif jzpfap
2/ todrSm;vQifjzpfap
3/ ,kHrSm;oHo,&SdvQifjzpfap
4/ &wemokH;yg;ukd rkdaovQifjzpfap?
av;rsdK;aMumifh o&P*kPf npfEGrf;\/
o&P*kPfnpfEGrf;vQif BuD; us,faom
aumif;usdK;ukd r&Ekdifay/ ('D-|-206-9)
o&P*kPfysufykHESpfrsdK;ukd quf
vufazmfjyygOD;rnf/ wpfpkHwpfa,muf\
oEmef wnfaeaom o&P*kPo
f nf 1/
wjcm;aombmomt,l0g'ukd ,kHMunfukd;
uG,faomaMumifhjzpfap? 2/ aoqkH;aom
aMumifhjzpfap o&P*kPfysufpD;\/ t,l
0g'wpfyg; ajymif;oGm;ukd;uG,f o&P
*kPfysufpD;vQif 'd|d? wPSmpaom udav
omyGm;tjypfrsm;\/ aoqk;H aomaMumifh
o&P*kPfysufpD;vQif rnfhonfhtjypfrS
2538
MAY
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Sit
BE .
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my

SA G A ING
In
ca
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tA
nati
onalB uddhis
M Y AN M
THE S
RITY
E PU
UBLIM
"rRtoH
AR
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209
4
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r&Sday/ (ck-|-7)
o&P*kPfwnfaeolonf wjcm;
bmomukd ajymif;vJukd;uG,frI rjyKorQ
raorcsif;olUoEmef o&P*kPfwnf
ae\/ aovQif u m; o&P*k P f ysuf
oGm;ayNy?D aoNy;D aemuf pdwrf &Sad wmhaom
OwkZkyftavmif;rl o&P*kPf rwnf
Ekid af y/ pdwo
f nfvnf; OwkZky<f uif;teD;
r&Sad wmhbJ aemufwpfb0 jzpf? ysuf tpOf
twkdif; jzpfysufaeavNyD/
o&P*kPfysufolESifh rysufEkdif
olwkdYrSm ykxkZOfyk*dKvfwkdYoEmef ,kHMunf
qnf ; uyf r I j zif h wnf a eaom avmuD
o&P*kP?f t&d,mwk\
Yd oEmef r*fPf
ESit
hf wlwuG jzpfwnfvmaom avmukw
&m o&P*kP[
f k ESprf sKd ;&S\
d / xkEd pS rf sKd ;wkw
Yd iG f
avmuDo&P*kPo
f nf npfvnf; npfErG ;f
Ekid \
f / ysuv
f nf;ysuv
f ,
G Ef idk \
f / avmukw
&m o&P*kPu
f awmh npfvnf;rnpfErG ;f ?
ysufvnf;rysufpD;ay/
o&P*kPw
f nfo\
l tjzpfrmS b0
aumif; b0rGefawGukd&&Sdjcif;? pnf;pdrfOpm
jynfhpkHaygrsm;jcif;? qif;&Jcyfodrf; Nidrf;onf
txd aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;ukd &&SdEkdifjcif;
paom o&P*kPw
f nfjcif;\ tusKd ;w&m;
um; rQrursm;vSay\/ o&P*kPf
tcef;ykdif;ukd avmufeJY auseyfEkdifMu
rnf[k xifrdygonf/
xkdYaemuf oDvtcef;ykdif;ukd quf
vuf a z:jy&aomf Ak ' b mom0if w k d i f ;
Oygoum? OygodumrjzpfMuzkdY wkdufwGef;
csifygonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf ukd,f
usihfw&m;ESifh tajym tqkd tBuHtpnf

[lorQwkdYonf Ak'bmom[k cH,lxm;
ygvQuf t&Surf &Spd mG atmufus aemufus
ajymqkdqufqHaeMuolrsm;ukd pma&;ol
ukdwkdif awGUjrifBuKHawGUcJh&ayonf/ ukd,f
wk d i f a wG U BuKH c J h o rQwk d Y o nf 'D a vmuf
rsm;jym;ysufpD;aevQif tuREkfyfrodaom
t&mawGrSm &maxmif aomif;odef;ru
&Sdaevdrfhrnf[k tuREfkyfxifjrifrdygonf/
tb,ftwGufaMumifh ajymEkdifyg
oenf;[kqkd&vQif uREfkyfwkdYjrefrmEkdifiHrSm
acwfay:t0wftpm;awGuwpfaMumif;
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIjyKvQif Oygoum
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uif;atmif jyKMu&rnf/ oDv&Sad tmifvnf;
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
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SA G A ING
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
rrSeu
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pm;aomufavh&\
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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2538
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SA G A ING
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twdwb
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q&mpH (oDw*l)
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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2538
MAY
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my

SA G A ING
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ca
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tA
nati
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M Y AN M
THE S
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\ taemufbuf&dS }&mZrPdpVl m} ac:

aumif ; rI a wmf a pwD r S ta&S U ajrmuf
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ab;&efr&Sad p&aMumif; xG#af cgif q&m
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
rkd;Ekdifaom jrifuGif;wpfckyifjzpfawmh
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avwku
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2538
MAY
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SA G A ING
In
ca
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tA
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
ok|K 0de,o*F[ - 0PeH om"k

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
&yfem;um pkaygif; "mwfykHkdufMuav

onf/
arv (8) &ufaeY nDvmcHtcrf;
tem;ukd Buddhamonthon rusif;y
awmhbJ UNCC [kac:aom United Nation Conference Center ukvor*qi
dk &f m
tm&Sypdzw
d f tpnf;ta0;cef;r usi;f y
avonf/ eHeuf (7) em&Dtcdsef wnf;ck;d
&m Twin Tower Hotel rS bwfpfum;
rsm;jzihf xGucf gG vmMu&m UNCC okYd eHeuf
(7;30) wGif a&muf&MdS uavonf/ um;
ay:rSqif;vmaom EkdifiHaygif;pkHrS Ak'
bmomacgif;aqmifrsm;? ax&0g'? r[m
,me? 0ZD&m,me &[ef;awmfrsm;onf
UNCC cef;rBuD;qDokdY OD;wnfcsuf? xkd
tcsed w
f iG f avta0SY wvlvv
l iG v
hf Quf
&Sad om omoemhtvHrsm; uk,
d pf m;vS,f
awmfrsm;\ Ekid if aH wmfu,
dk pf m;jyK tvHrsm;
uvnf; *kPf,l0ifh<um;vsuf&SdaeMu
ayonf/
arv (8) &uf eHeuf 8 em&Dtcsed f
d pf m;
wGif UNCC cef;r jrefrmEkid if H uk,
vS,f &[ef;awmfrsm; tygt0if Ak'
bmomacgif;aqmifrsm; zdwfMum;xm;
olrsm; okawoe ynm&Sirf sm; ae&m,l
Muavonf/ (8;35) rdepftcdsefwGif
&wemokH;yg;tm; ylaZmfuefawmhjcif;
bk&m;0wfjyKjcif; &Scd ;dk jcif;paom Chanting and Meditation ukd jrefrm? uk&
d ;D ,m;?
oD&v
d uFm? k&mS ;? wdbuf? blwef? rGe*f dk
vD,m;? eDaygtp&Sad om Ak' bmomacgif;
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aqmifrsm; qkawmif;arwm yko

Yd Muav
onf/ nDvmcH t"duxm; aqG;aEG;
Muaom acgif;pOfrsm;rSm 1/ urmBu;D Nird ;f csr;f a&; (World Peace)
2/ Ak'b
mom ynma&; (Buddhist Education)
3/ Ak'b
momjyefyY mG ;a&; (Dessemination
of Buddhism)
4/ Ak't
arGtESpf ,Ofaus;rIudk umuG,f
xdef;odrf;a&; (Protection of Buddhist
Culture
5/ tESpo
f m&rysuaf pbJ Ak' bmomukd
zGUH NzKd ;wk;d wufatmif aqmif &Guaf &; (Sustainable Development)
6/ Ak'bmom0if tcsif;csif; yl;aygif;

aqmif&u
G af &; (Buddhist Collaboration)
[l acgif;pOfBu;D (6) ckjzifh aqG;aEG;wifjy
Muavonf/
nDvmcH pma&;olpw
d 0f ifpm;qk;H
acgif;pOfrmS Ak'b
mom ynma&;yifjzpf
avonf/ ae&m tvsO;f oifo
h jzifh
Oxford wuov
kd f ygVdXmerS ygarmu
q&mBu;D Richard Gombrich \ Buddhist Education in Britain [l a om
acgif;pOfjzihf wifjyaqG;aEG;rIudk tusO;f rQ
wifjy vkyd gonf/
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Oxford wuov
kd f ygarmutjzpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifcyhJ gw,f/ tJ't
D csed rf mS NAw
d ed f
Ekid if rH mS Ak'b
momynma&;pepf r&Sad o;
2538
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ygbl;/ 1965-ckEpS rf mS uReaf wmf ygVdeYJ

ouwpmayukd pwifoifMum;cJyh gw,f/
tJ'g[m NAw
d ed Ef idk if rH mS wduswhJ enf;pepf
r&Sad o;bJ Ak'b
momynma&;ukd pwifchJ
jcif;jzpfygw,f/ 1970-ckEpS rf mS vlraI &;
ESihf ,Ofaus;rI a&maxG;rIudk OD;wnfMuwJh
vltrsm;pkaMumihf c&pfp,mefbmom
r[kwo
f al wG rsm;jym;vmcJyh gw,f/ NAw
d ed f
Ekid if &H UJ pmoifausmif;awGrmS bmoma&;eJY
qkdifwJh ,Ofaus;rI"avh xkH;wrf;pOf
vmawGukd wjznf;jznf; oifMum;vm
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ynma&;pepf jzpf v mcJ h y gw,f / Ak '
bmomeJyY wfoufvYdk b,fvcdk sO;f uyfNy;D
qnf;uyf& r,fqw
dk hJ &Si;f vif;jywfom;wJh
todPf tawG;tac:awG &&SdapcJh
ygw,f/ NAw
d ed Ef idk if &H UJ Ak'b
momynma&;
avhvmoifMum;rI[m av;euf us,0f ef;
wJh oabmukdaqmifvQuf wqifhxuf
wqifh jrifo
h xufjrifNh y;D todPfynm
awG zGUH NzKd ;vmapcJyh gw,f/ ,cktcsed rf mS
urmESit
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w&m;awmf a wG e J Y us,f u s,f j yef Y j yef Y
xdawGUvm&wm[m ukdvkdeDEkdifiHrsm;&JU
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ygVdpmayukd Roman tu&mawGeYJ a&S;OD;
pGm rxkwaf 0ciftcsed x
f d urmph uf0idk ;f
xJrmS Ak'b
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ausmif;awGrmS c&pfp,mef bmomt,l
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D hJ
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f m
wynfo
h m0uwkt
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xkdtcsufudkaxmuf taemufwkdif;
om;wkdYu pOf;pm;awG;ac:rIukd t"du
xm;cJMh uygw,f/ okaYd omfvnf; Ak'b
m
omwkid ;f jynfrsm;uawmh tcsut
f vuf
rsm; rSwo
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rdru
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dk o
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d hJ w&m;awmf
[m vlom;awG Ak'b
momukd ykrd adk vhvmzkYd
wGe;f tm;wpfcyk g/ rsuaf rSmufacwf ynm
a&;[m awG;ac:rIawG? trSew
f &m;awG?
cG J j crf ; pd w f j zmrI a wG u k d t"d u xm;NyD ;
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wJh tcgrSm OD;aESmufepYJ Of;pm;qk;H jzwfru
I dk
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atmif oifMum;ay;&ygr,f/ NyD;awmh
tajctaetm;avsmfpGm pOf;pm;awG;
ac:wwfatmif oifay;r,fq&dk if b0
wpfoufwmvk;H twGuf oifMum;ay;o
vkd jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ b,fbmomukdyJ
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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oifoif ppcsi;f bmompum;ukd oifoifh

ygw,f/ tJ'aD emufrS pmeJo
Y 'g oifoifh
wmyg/ Ak'p mayawGudk oif,w
l t
hJ cgrSm
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r[k w f y gbl ; / w&m;awmf a wG u om
t"d u jzpf y gw,f / Oyrm vl r k d u f u k d
raygif;eJYqkdwJh pum;ukd oifwJhtcgrSm
'g[m Ak'b
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omyJjzpfjzpf vlrkdufawGeJY raygif;tyf
bl ; qk d w J h tod Pf u om t"d u
jzpfw,fqw
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tcgrSmvnf; bmaMumifrh owfoifw
h mukd
usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfatmif &Sif;jyNyD;
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pOf;pm;jcif;rjyKbJ w&m;aorSwNf y;D cGjJ crf;
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bl;/ txl;ojzifu
h awmh bmomjcm; awG
bmrSrodwhJ uav;awGudk oifwhJ tcgrSm
Ak'bmomqkdwJh eHygwfjym;BuD;ukd cP
z,fxm;Ny;D trSm;trSeu
f dk cGjJ crf; pdwjf zmNy;D
odzu
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d ed Ef idk if H
\ Ak'bmomynma&;ESifh ywfoufNyD;
aqG;aEG;wifjy oGm;cJyh gonf/
naeykid ;f nDvmcH&yfem;csed w
f iG f
befaumufNrdKU jrbk&m; y&dwf&Gwf?
arwmykNYd y;D xkid ;f bk&ifrif;jrwf oufawmf
&mausmf&SnfygapaMumif;? qkawmif;
arwmyko
Yd cJMh uygonf/
nDvmcHudk arv (10) &ufaeYxd
usi;f yNy;D nDvmcH&yfem;csed f befaumuf
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NrdKU&Sd bk&m;apwDyxkd;rsm;? orkdif;0if

ae&mrsm;tm; vku
d v
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onf/ nDvmcHNyD;qkH;NyD; arv (11)
&ufaeYvnf; befaumufywf0ef;usi&f dS
Ak'b
momqkid &f m ae&mXmersm;okYd zl;ajrmf
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xGuf cGgvmcJhMuNyD; Nakhonpathon &Sd
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rS Rose Garden Hotel qufuyf cJyh g
onf/ arv (13) &ufaeY eHeuf (7;30)
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d nfrmS
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f ufru
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pkaqmif;olrsm;onf Sankhalok tk;d rsm;ukd
0,f,lpkaqmif;Muonf/ qkacgxdkif;
bk&if; Ramkhanmbaeng \ Bu;D rm;aom
vkyfaqmifcsufrSm armtu&mrsdK;pkHukd
jyefvnf qef;opfum xkid ;f pmayta&;
tom;jzpfatmif aqmif&u
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2538
MAY
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SA G A ING
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,aeYtok;H jyKvQu&f dS aom xkid ;f pmayrSm

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rsm;yifjzpfayonf/ xif&mS ;aom ausmuf
pmwpfck qkacgxkdif;NrdKUonf aumif;
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rsm;? a&Ekwfajrmif;rsm;? uefrsm;? wl;
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
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awmfwGif ysufpD;cJhaom tykdif;tprsm;
OD ; acgif ; jywf v Quf & S d a om Ak ' k y f y G m ;
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M.A., Part-II
2538
MAY
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SA G A ING
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M Y AN M
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0wKu 0wKqefqef? pum;ajyu pum;

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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499
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omoemtwGif;odkU 0ifa&mufvmcJhyg
aomfvnf; r*if&Spfyg;udkryGm;Edkifao;
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ab;wdkUrSvGwfajrmuf&mw&m;udkr&Edkif
ao;aomaMumifhjzpf\/ omoemhta&
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onf olUpum;ESio
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d 0f ifum r*if
&Spfyg;udk rnfodkUrnfykHyGm;rsm;&rnf? kyf
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ravQmuf0HhawmhyJ xGufcGmvmcJh\/
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
1
r[kwb
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
R A M NA Y
499
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tzt&mae&mu jyKpkapmihfa&SmufcJhol
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499
1
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499
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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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ykn&SifapwDawmf a&TouFef;uyfvSL
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awmifajcwGif pwifwnfaqmufaeNyD
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Observation of Current World Affairs from
the Standpoint of Buddhism

by Dr. Ashin issara
Aggamahpaita, Ph.D, D.Litt,
When we observe and analyze the
experienced family life and knowing the
current world affairs from the standpoint
limitations of our life, the Buddha
of Buddhism, you will be amazed to notice
discovered the Truth from his trial- and
that the teachings of the Buddha directly
error quest for Dhamma, and then he set
applied to the way of our living in this
out to declare and teach about it.
world. The obvious reason is that the
The teaching of the Buddha is the
Buddha himself was a human being living
unchanging universal truth, whether in the
on this planet earth he didnt live
present or in any other time in any place.
anywhere else. The Buddhas noble
The Buddha revealed the truth 2,500 years
teachings collectively known as Dhamma
ago and it has been the truth ever since. The
are nothing but the Truth and virtue about
Buddha said, Sabbo loko uno, sabbo loko
our way of living and the transcendence of
atitto which means the whole world of
sufferings.
mankind is always lacking something or the
All in Nutshell, the Buddhas
whole world is always in need of
homocentric or human-oriented
something. Considering the current world
teachings and sermons are indeed
affairs in the context of Buddhism, we can
applicable to the mature of our human life
easily break down those needs into two
simply because the Buddhas teachings
categorical components: material needs and
come from his own experiences in the
spiritual needs.
human
world.
Having
personally
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What are the material needs? To
give rise to an avalanche of socio-economic
address a few, those material needs are such
issues such as robbery, frauds, theft,
as owning a big and nice house, owning the
terrorist attacks, conflict tensions and many
latest and greatest car, attaining power and
more. Getting out of control on the material
fame, getting married with handsome
needs is the primary root cause of those
husband or getting married with beautiful
above mentioned issues.
wife vice versa, chasing after money, and

so forth.
In the same token, we can identify

the numerous challenging aspects of the
When asked to what extent do you
spiritual-moral needs and their positive
think you need to fulfill or satisfy
counter-active forces such as by
yourselves with material needs? Those who
neutralizing endless need with contentment;
have been chasing after material needs have
anxiety with happiness; hatred with loving-
no clue on when and where to stop, or
kindness; cruelty with compassion;
control on the extent of their ever-growing
selfishness with altruistic magnanimity and
desire-list. This situation is comparable to
generosity; jealousy with appreciative joy;
a sea, where all rivers in the world
animosity and hostility with friendship and
continuously flow into nonstop while
companionship, and so on. Apparently, it
carrying massive amount of water.
is not easy job for the ordinary people to
The water body of the sea relatively
cultivate or foster those neutralizing
stays the same and seldom of ever be seen
positive forces on their own to achieve the
to overflow in spite of the nonstop inflows
spiritual evolution by keeping the unwanted
from many rivers. Basically, the needs,
dark forces in check. Needless to say, those
greed, desire and craving will never be
dark forces phenomenally take root on or
fulfilled if ones need is similar to the water
thrive on ones one ignorance, thirsty,
body of the sea. Once the forces of
craving and greed which in terms are the
materialism overwhelm you, then it will
breeding grounds or his vicious-circle.
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When it comes to material needs,

we should leave it to the governing
Renaissance era, which in turn has helped

advance the materialistic world.
authorities such as kings, queens,
On the other hand, the spiritual
presidents, prime ministers, etc. to set up
world has been running deficit and now
and engage in the economic policies,
people are almost at the brink of spiritual
academic policies and political policies to
bankruptcy. Since the spiritual evolution is
improve the quality of living standards.
a process not a destination and also the
However, the most important of all,
panacea (cure-all medicine) in resolving the
we, as brothers and sisters of world
socio-economic issues, I would like to
religions, we, as leaders and teachers, of
earnestly beseech continuous cooperation
the spiritual world, need to assume the
and relentless effort of all religious leaders
responsibility and take the initiative roles
and spiritual leaders by working hand in
in order to liberate people from the
hand with one another as a global team, by
quagmire or ignorance and lustful desire.
putting our many heads together to tackle
The battle against ignorance cannot be
many challenges lying ahead, and by
fought with bombs or guns, but with the
walking on the global spiritual platform to
steady application and propagation of the
achieve our resounding missing of solving
Dhamma. As materially poor as he may be,
the current world problems so that everyone
for a spiritually rich person, he or she will
could attain the sublime mental and spiritual
always be exuberant with happiness,
life. Then, the world will be a better place
contentment, thoughtfulness, tolerance and
to live in altogether harmoniously.
tranquility in his inner mind at all time,
May the truth and peace prevail in every
regardless. Looking back into 15th and 16th
corner of the world.
centuries, we noted the rapid advancement
May all beings be peaceful and happy
of science and technology in the
forever.
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To the Global Peace
From Buddhist View

by Dr. Kittibala
S.I.B.A
will also get the spicy; if he plant the mango

seed, then the effect will also give him the
delicious sweet. In the same way, according
The Buddha once upon a time said
to our Buddhist kammic law if the terrible
that the world would be led by mind. It is
doer makes the bad work, he will also get
right because mind is the foremost or
the result of awfulness, if the good doer
forerunner of all actions and states. All
makes the good work with intentional mind,
problems and dilemmas in this world are
he will also get the excellent effect. This is
due to mind. In this case we can divide mind
the law of kammic law taught by the
into two, namely intentional mind and un-
Buddha since more than 2550 years ago.
intentional mind, or wholesome state and

unwholesome state. If peoples heart is
latent wholesome action, the effect will also
result the good or the prosperous, on the
contrary, if their mind domains the evil, then
the result will also be the bad. For example,
If a farmer plants the chili seed, the result
When we read the Buddhas

teaching, like seed discourse (bija sutta),
we will see and understand about the
fundamental support of all actions which
led by peoples mind, good and bad; right
or wrong, cause and effect, etc.
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At the time the question will come
By the power of greediness, if
out, what is the source of war and crisis
people in this world have very greedy mind,
that today many countries are facing the
as a result, the disaster crisis will come out
imbalance social, political and also
due to greedy mind. If they have hostile or
religious dilemma?
rage mind, the poisonous weapon will arrive

dreadfully very soon in this world, like
The answer is very easy to give for

nuclear atom weapon, etc. Just only bends
this question. Now we face at least three
the four finger upon the poisonous weapon,
crisis; such as disaster (cyclone hit in many
many millions of beings lives in this world
places of the world), this is called in
will die immediately and suddenly. This is
Buddhism Dubbhikkhantara kappa, a eon
the result of irritation mind which strongly
of the rare difficulty for food; poisonous
accumulates in horrific humans heart. If
war or various weapon world, this is called
peoples mind has delusion upon reasonable
Satthantara kappa, a eon of many weapon
and unreasonable situation, then the various
world produced by power and influential
diseases will become in everywhere in this
countries contemporarily; and many
current world. These three roots are the first
diseases troubles in everywhere of this
and foremost sources which can create
world, this is called Rogantara kappa, a eon
unnecessary predicament and dreadful
of many diseases like bird flu, pig flu, etc.
world.
According to our Buddhist view, we can
give three sources to solve for these various
We have to try to understand the
tribulations. For this reason, we have to say
present world, which means the whole
the main vice rooted in mind; greed, hatred
world is needy. We can modify and adapt
and delusion.
the Buddhas very truthful word by seeing
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current situation in this contemporary
must be replaced with lovingkindness and
world, . The whole world which does not
compassion; the others wealthy should be
concern with any great religions is not only
tried to happy with sympathetic joy, and for
needy, but greedy, jealous, envy, hatred,
the feeling of good and bad we have to
agitate, irritate, illusion, delusion and so
develop the tranquility mind. The agitated,
forth. . . It is full of sorrowful objects.
irritated and deluded world should be
Nowadays, the world of nation, country and
substituted with intellectual knowledge to
globalization is nearly bankrupt of morality,
lead the peaceful and developed world.
mentality and also intellectuality. If so, we

Moreover, to cure our pain and
have to substitute it with Buddhist
disease which is attachment to others
compassion and wisdom. The Lord Buddha
belonging or selfish thirst craving to own
directly pointed out to cure the unnecessary
property, one cultivates the heart through
chaos for mankind with the four illimitable
compassion; to get rid of ignorance one
mental states. These four states should be
nurtures the mind through wisdom.
cultivated by all people in this world, it is
Compassion and wisdom are twin virtues
not limited or barrier with religious activity.
in Buddhism, and cultured by right or
These four states in Buddhism should
ethical
behavior
and
meditation,
radiate for all mankind without limited

respectively. It is a process of self-control
nation, country, religion, creed and also
and self-development which emphasizes the
color.
They
are
lovingkindness,
heart and mind equally, and persists that
compassion, sympathetic joy and

both working together are necessary for
equanimity. The greedy world must be
conversion from ignore world to be
substituted by generous mind; the terrible
enlightened, from selfishness world to selfworld caused by cruel anger, jealous, envy
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forgetness world. In the present day the
other country cannot walk on common
most people need the moral conducts. Every
platform together and they cannot get
youth around the world has morally
peaceful world to live harmoniously in this
bankrupted. They have willingly neither to
world. Today the world has full of sorrows,
work the welfare of the masses nor helpful
tensions and anxieties and humans heart
willpower to the others who are in trouble.
has been burned by the fires such as greed,
Even they are trying to be free from
hatred, ill-will and delusion. Therefore, I
religion. Therefore, in this case, our all
would like to appeal to our Buddhist
Buddhist leaders should aware of
religious leaders with this article to
mindfulness.
substitute with generous, lovingkindness,

compassion, sympathetic joy and equal
In the present day, many countries

mind for making peaceful and happy world.
are trying to rich and develop materiality,
but on the other hand, they are less moral
and spiritual heart. So long as the moral and
May you be prosperous as the full

moon of Sitagu.
the spiritual bankrupt in globalization, one
Dr. Kittibala
nation and other nation or one country and
S.I.B.A
Dgh jgarato ratti, dgha santassa yojana,
Dgho blna sasro, saddhamma avijnata.

Long is the night to the wakeful; long is the league to
the weary; long is sasra to the foolish who know not
the Sublime Truth.
Dhammapada
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THE MISSIONARY
A MISSION is an activity
undertaken with a clearly defined set
of goals and objectives for change.
Religious leaders or religious groups
conduct worldwide missions to
advocate and propagate their
religious message. In other words,
the work of persuading or converting
people from their religion to another
is generally called missionary work.
However, Buddhism never
teaches this. In Buddhism, taking
refuge and paying respects are not
the main focus. Seeking and
understanding the truth is the
important task. Just knowing or
understanding reality and the truth
of the world and its problems are the
reason and fruit of missionary work.
Doing good and overcoming evil is
the hope of people. Liberation from
defilement is the goal of people.
by Jeniffer Con (Jhanapabha).

U.S.A
For many centuries, people

have studied the ministry of the
Buddha, which lasted for 45 years.
It is evident that the Buddha taught
continuously for the development of
moral, spiritual and intellectual goals
of people, and for the realization of
reality and truth. In order to end the
circle of suffering, one must
understand how society is made, and
must further understand the
beginning, cessation and resolution
of the problems of life that create
this circle of suffering. Therefore, the
Buddha taught the Truth of Suffering
is the very first thing to know and
understand.
According to Buddhism, a
mission is the work of teaching and
preaching for the development of
moral, spiritual and intellectual goals
of people. In brief, it is the mission
of Buddhism to convert from evil to
good, and from delusion to
knowledge.
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In religious history, the

Buddha started His missionary work
by traveling to many places. He
taught that qualified missionaries
needed:
Buddha passed these hurdles with

patience, loving kindness and
compassion. This is an excellent
example to be practiced by all
disciples of the Buddha.
1. To be knowledgeable in the
Dhamma,
The words which Venerable

Pua said to the Buddha prior to
going to Sunparanta was
characteristic of the great patience
needed, which is still the guidance
for present missionaries.
2. To teach the Dhamma,

3. To properly see and interpret
the reality about people and
their environment,
4. To be patient, to forgive, and
to have a heart of gold.
We can see the way of the
Buddhas missionary work in the
Veraja Sutta and the story of
Smvat in which He went forward,
even when facing abuses and threats
or physical discomfort. Conversions
are not easy; although the teaching
of the Buddha was pleasing to the
wanderer Udumbarika and the 1,250
other wandering ascetics, none
accepted or practiced His way.
However, a seed was planted
for liberation that would bear fruit
in a future lifetime. During the 45
years of the Buddhas missionary life,
there were three assassination
attempts and twice He was accused
of indulging in sensual pleasures. The
One hundred years ago, the

first heroic Buddhist missionary to
England was an Englishman named
ALLAN BENNETT, or ANANDA
METTEYYA (his monks name). He
was born in England and came to
Yangon, Myanmar in 1901 where he
studied and was ordained as a
Buddhist monk. He learned Buddhist
philosophy and scriptures in
Myanmar and Sri Lanka for years,
and after completing his studies, he
returned to England in 1908. Ananda
Metteyya was the first Buddhist
missionary in England, and the
pioneer of Buddhist Missionaries
there. At that time, there was no
trust from society towards Ananda
Metteyas mission in England, and
there was not even a place for him
to reside. He went on to publish
journals and magazines describing
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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Buddhism, wrote many articles and

delivered many teachings. He
cultivated the seed of modern
Buddhism in England very well, and
todays missionaries have an easier
walk by following in his footsteps.
We can compare Ananda
Metteyyas mission to that of an
elephant that has to go into a dark
forest with unknown dangers. He
founded the Buddhist Society in
England because he was welllearned in all the ways of the
Buddhas mission, the Venerable
Punnas mission, and the nine
missionary groups which were sent
in nine directions by King
Dhammasoka. Today, the seed of
Buddhism he planted has grown and
borne fruit well. In his perseverance,
we see that the way of this brave
Western missionary was much like an
elephant going through a dark forest.
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Here, I express my thanks,

and honor him as a pioneering
missionary whose walk was the same
as the Buddhas own mission
thousands of years before.
I dedicate to deep honor to
Ananda Metteyya, on behalf of
approximately 500,000 Myanmar
monks. The Englishman Alan
Bennett became the exemplary
Buddhist monk Ananda Metteyya
through his years of study and
ordination in Myanmar, and
undertook the work of a Myanmar
missionary monk in exceedingly
difficult times and circumstances in
his native country.
With Metta
Jeniffer Con (Jhanapabha).
U.S.A
Yo blo maati blya, paito v'pi tena so,
Blo ca paitamn, sa ve blo'ti vuccati.

The fool who knows that he is a fool is for that very
reason a wise man; the fool who thinks that he is wise is
called a fool indeed.
Dhammapada
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MISSIONARY & MINISTRY
The term of Missionary is

defined, in various literatures, as
Traveling different places and Teaching
the religion to the people whereas
making classify ministry as working
welfare and duty of the people. For the
reason that the missionary is teaching
of the Dhamma to the people and
ministry is working welfare of the
mankind, they are the task which is
undividable and working together at
the same time.
We may perceive that the
Buddha was jointly exertion the
ministry and missionary in his forty-five
years long journey. Two months after
His Enlightenment, the two discourses
delivered to the five groups of old
colleagues which are the supreme
missionary in the history of religion.
Those are, revealing of the Truth
in the world what had covered with
ignorance and delusion, showing to
Middle Way for those who had walked
on the extreme way, delivering of selfforgetness in egocentric world, and
by Dr. Ashin Nyanissara
guidance to bring up benefit of the

mankind in selfishness-world and so on,
in the religious history, the only
Missionary or the highest teaching
religion.
Thus, the missionary means
here as Moral conversion, Mental
conversion and Intellectual conversion.
For instance, from ignorance to
enlightenment: it here means, to reveal
the vision of wisdom the world which
is over shading with ignorance and to
change the world from selfishness to
self-forgetness, such a kind of tasks are
called as Missionary.
We have seen the works
mentioned above as first and foremost
activities in forty-five years long journey
of Buddhas missionary. At the last day
and last moment of the Buddha,
addressing to Subhadda wandering
Paribb jaka was as a significant
guidance for all missionary leaders. The
Buddha addressed that as The only
religion, which has setting up Eightfold
Noble Paths can be a peaceful Ssan
or religious teaching. There have, in
such a dispensation, an arbitrator
(Samaa) or the one who has made up
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the peace and destroyer of defilement

(Brhmaa) or who has eradicated an
evil.
Thus, in exertion of missionary
activities such as Moral conversion,
Mental conversion and Intellectual
conversion, it must be work together
with the ministry that is a social welfare
of mankind. We become aware of that
the Buddha had attempted to the
missionary association with ministry for
forty-five long years.
For example, to make rising up
the life of Sunta who had worked the
cleaning of ordure and to make rising
up the life of Ambapl courtesan, to
make purify the life of A~gulimla who
had committed criminal sin, to give a
shelter to Rdha Brahman from refugee
to refuge, to make shelter an old So
who had homeless and given up by her
sons and daughters, making the
children to be a beautiful and
handsome life by look after a young boy
Losakatissa who had to make a life
wandering from a heap of dust to
another one and a poor boy Sopka
who had alive in the cemetery as to has
no parents, to give a shelter the Pacr
who had destroyed by grief and making
instruction from sorrowful to happy life,
to make attend on Himself the
venerable Tissa monk who had gravely
suffered from ill and so forththese
were Ministry of the Buddha regarding
with activities of social welfare for all
mankind.
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Walking on cruelity way of life

which is fulfilled with thorns and fire as
greed, ill-will, sorrow and grief etc.; an
Ordure-worker Sun ta, courtesan
Ambapl, refugee Rdha Brahman, an
old woman So, homeless children the
young Sop ka and Losakatissa, a
sorrowful woman Pa cr , a monk
patient Tissa end up the ways of their
lives which are difficult and harsh by
making substitution with smooth and
easy ways of their lives, and also their
tears similar to an ocean wiped out by
the Buddha. If we, as mentioned above
stories, perceive the cessation the circle
of the continuity of sufferings, we may
see clearly that the Buddha had strived
for the activities of missionary based on
ministry. Therefore, the activities of
missionary and ministry are not
separated into two but are the same as
working together with each other.
In the present day, all the
religious leaders have responsibility to
work together these both duties,
missionary and ministry. For this reason
the Buddha once said as the whole
world is needy (|no sabbo loko). What
does the world need? Lets see the
world. In the world today, the most of
people need the moral conducts. Every
youth around the world has a morally
bankrupt. They have either unwillingly
to work the welfare of the masses or
no helpful willpower to the others who
are in trouble and they are trying to
freedom even from the religion. As a
consequence, there also comes into
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existence an association like a Freedom

of Religion in the world. Therefore, in
this case, our all of religious leaders
must be aware of mindfulness.
Every religion must have the
way to guide all the people in their
respective way. In addition, to set the
followers straight on the way if they
were inclination way of their life, to
endow with morality if they were
morally bankrupt, to complete with
intellect if they were weakness of
intellect, to uplift the spirit if they were
decline in spiritall the religious
leaders have responsibility. If we do not
well fill up all of their necessaries
regarding with ethics, willpower, mental
power and education, the people in the
age of science become to see the
religion as that it is not beneficial to the
development of the mankind.
Everyone has been recognizing
that all religions are depending on the
donations of people. Although we make
use of the gifts, if the people come into
view as the religious leaders are not
beneficial for the mankind and misuse
the gifts donated by the people, our
excellent missionary and ministry works
will fail down or disappear very soon. It
must be aware of this point.
In the case of performing the
missionary activities, it is not important
to convert the people from one religion
to another. Nevertheless, it has really
to do that substitution the world from
bad to good, from ignorance to
enlightenment and from darkness to

brightness. It is, indeed, true conversion
but not religious conversion.
In the modern day, with the
development of science and
technology, the development of living
standard of the people has seemed to
image whether to compete with the
magnificent divine luxury! However,
trying to get that has not yet material
achievements, keeping them what has
already got without decrease the
material achievements,-these miseries
and anxieties are like in a hell or woeful
state. Just turning the forefinger; it is
ready to die millions of people in the
world. In 1947, more than three lakhs
of people immediately died in Japan
because of attacking two atomic bombs
by the American. It was the power of
scientists which is destroyed the people
by classifying an element called Atom.
Most of the countries in the world,
where the science is developing have
kept the atomic poison that is
destroying the lives of many people.
Even though there is no enough food,
keeping such a kind of the arms and
ammunitions which is destructive
power by means of state owned
investments is very amazing. As the
consequence, they are restless with the
anxiety and increasing the disbelief in
each other. How can we do to release
from such a kind of restless and
anxiety?
Although the science and
technology is the benefactor of
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mankind, on the other hand it becomes

the enemy of mankind and destroyer
of the world. Thus, all of our religious
leaders must be aware of that the
religion is the medicine of mankind or
tonic of mankind. Our religious leaders
and followers have responsibility
working together without poisoning
any religion of the world.
While there was hitting by
cyclone at tuma village, the Buddha
went there and Himself looked after
them. And also He had ceased in front
of the war when the Prince Via|bha
marches to attack the Kapilavatthu. In
addition, He went and expounded a
peaceful Dhamma while there was
attacking each other among the
lineages of Skiya and Koliya for Rohin
river water. Thus, the Buddhas
missionary and ministry is the guidance
to follow not only for the monks who
are disciples of the Buddha but also for
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all religious leaders. In accordance with

this guidance, I would like to say here
our religious leaders as that is our
missionary and ministry only by
working together to become stable
world, without interfering in the
trembling world.
Today the world has full of
sorrow and anxieties; and been burned
by the fires such as greed, hatred, illwill and delusion. I would like to urge
all religious leaders to be glorious as the
peaceful religion by ceased those fires
without involving in burning. This is only
Buddhist Missionary as well as Buddhist
Ministry.
May you be happy
as the full-moon of Stag|
Dr. Ashin Nyanissara
Abhittharetha kalyne, pp citta nivraye,
Dandha hi karoto pua, ppasami ramati mano.

Make haste in doing good; check your mind from evil,
for the mind of him who is slow in doing meritorious
actions delights in evil.
Dhammapada
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ROHITASSA SUTTA
Rohitassa is the name of a Devaputta.

He approached the Buddha and asked a
question. This sutta arose regarding the
question of Rohitassa. Therefore Ven.
Ananda named this Sutta Rohitassa
Sutta.
In previous life Rohitassa has a very
wonderful idea. He wished to know the
place where there was no birth, no decay,
and no death.
He was a practical man. He earnestly
sought such a place.
This sutta is very important to find
out the peaceful Nibbana. So this sutta will
be a guide to know where the Nibbana is.
Ven. Ananda retold this sutta at the
meeting of the first council after the
Buddhas parinibbana.
Eva me suta. Eka samaya
Bhagav Svatthiya viharati Jetavane
Anthapiikassa rme.
Thus I have heard. On one occasion the
Master stayed at the Jetavana donated by
Anathapindika near Savatthi.
by Rector Sayadaw
Dr. Ashin Nandamalabhivamsa
At that time one Devaputta Rohitassa by
name, approached the Buddha
illuminating the entire Jetavana by his
surpassing radiance at deep night. He
respectfully saluted the Lord and stood at
one side. And so standing he put a question
to the Buddha.
Is it, O Lord, possible to know, to see and
to reach the end of Loka (world) by running
where there is no birth, no decay, no death,
no repeated death and no repeated birth?
Friend I do not address the end of Loka,
where there is no birth, no decay, no
repeated death and no repeated birth,
could be known, be seen and be reached
by running.
Very wonderful O Lord! You are quite
right! Rohitassa exclaimed.
Then Rohitassa talked about his previous
life to the Buddha.
O Lord, I was the son of a hunter,
Rohitassa by name, in a previous life. I
retired from the world as a hermit and
practiced Samatha meditation. I achieved
supernatural powers and could go in space.
When I ran in space I had a wonderful
speed as that of an arrow thrown by an
expert archer.
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I stepped as wide as from eastern ocean

to western ocean. An idea to reach the end
of Loka by running occupied my mind.
O Lord, at that time human life is a
hundred year. I ran in search of the end of
Loka the whole time except the time of
taking meal, of purging the physical
impurities and of resting and sleeping. But
I passed away without reaching the end of
Loka.
After that the Lord Buddha said:
Friend I do not address the end of Loka,
where there is no birth, no decay, no death,
no repeated death and no repeated birth,
could be he seen, and be reached by
running. I do not address the Dukkha will
end without reaching the end of Loka.
Here we must notice the three Lokas: sattaloka, okasa-loka and sankhara-loka.
Satta-loka means the world of beings.
Okasa-loka means the world of location.
Sankhara-loka means the world of
formations.
Rohitassa, the hermit, assumed the place
of non-birth, non-decay and non-death
would exist in the end of the world of
location. So he ran to find that place out.
He searched for Nibbana in Okasa loka.
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without the word of epithet. However

there is different meaning of the term
loka. Rohitassa wanted to say Okasa-loka.
The Buddha wanted to say Sankhara-loka.
The end of Okasa-loka cannot be the end
of dukkha. Only the end of Sankhara can
be the end of dukkha. The Buddha is very
good at preaching Dhamma.
The Buddha says:
Na ca ha vuso appatvara Lokassa anta
dukkhassa antakiriya vadmi.
Friend, I do not say that there is ending of
dukkha without reaching the worlds end.
Rohitassa does not know how to go to the
end of loka where there is no birth, no
decay and no death.
The Buddha made Rohitassa to realize how
to go to the end of loka where there is no
birth, no decay and no death.
The Lord Buddha says:
Friend, only in this fathom-long body with
its perception and its consciousness I make
knowing the loka, the cause of loka, the
extinction of loka and the way leading to
extinction of loka.
The place of non-birth is nibbana. The

Nibbana exist not in the end of Okasa-loka.
The Buddha preached the Four Noble

Truths in this sutta using the word Loka
instead of the word Dukkha. Because this
word loka is more suitable for Rohitassa.
He wished to know the end of loka.
In this Sutta both the Buddha and

Rohitassa used the same term Loka
In Dhamma-cakka-pavattana sutta and in

many other suttas the Buddha explained
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the four noble truths using the word of

Dukkha.
They are
Dukkha, Dukkha-samudaya, Dukkhanirodha and Dukkha-nirodha-gamini
patipada.
In this sutta the four noble truths are
Loka, Loka-samudaya, Loka-nirodha and
Loka-nirodha-gamini patipada.
Five aggregates of grasping are Dukkha.

Beings are composed of five aggregates.
There is no true being. There are only five
aggregates. They depend on each other
and get a sort of energy. Through this
energy they can move and act as an
automaton.
Five aggregates are only phenomena, not
being. There is no being at all.
Bhikkhuni Vajira says:
According to Dhamma the two words loka

and dukkha are the same things. Both
show the five aggregates of grasping except
Lobha. Samudaya is lobha. Nirodha is
Nibbana. Nirodha-gamini patipada is the
noble eightfold path.
Suddha-sankhara pujoya, Nayidha

sattupalabbhati. This so-called being
is only a group of sankhara. There cannot
be got the true being in this group of
sankhara.
Dukkha means unsatisfactoriness. Dukkha

is a compound world of du and kha. Du
means to be disgusted. Kha means
emptiness. So the meaning of Dukkha is
literally, to be disgusted and emptiness.
Yath hi anga-sambr, Hoti saddo ratho

iti.
The five aggregates of grasping should be

disgusted. Because they are so harmful.
They are empty also. Because they have
no stability, no purity, no bliss and no soul
as unintelligent persons think.
As with the assembly of parts, the word

chariot is countenanced so, when the
aggregates are present. A being is said in
common usage.
Loka means the state of ruination. The five

aggregates of grasping always rise and fall.
So they are called Loka. Whatever may
be Dukkha or loka they are only the five
aggregates of grasping.
How I will explain the four noble truths in
detail.
1. What is Dukkha?
Vajira explained more clearly:
Evam khandhesu santesu, Hoti sattoti

sammuti.
Five aggregates are only five aggregates,

not being. There is no being within and
without them. Through mutualization a
sort of energy arise, within five aggregates.
The energy generates various movements
and actions. Because of movements and
action they appear the formation of being.
Then Vippallasa arises. Vippallasa means
hallucination or taking that which is true a
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being false. There are three kinds of

Vippallasa, namely;
1. Sa-vippallasa hallucination of
perception;
2. Citta-vippallasa- hallucination of
thoughts;
3. Dihi-vippallasa- hallucination of
views. Of those three each one is
fourfold, thus,
1. Anicca nicca impermanence as
permanence
2. Asubha subha impurity as purity
3. Dukkha sukha suffering as bliss;
4. Anatta atta No soul as soul
All together vippallasa is twelve fold.
Because of Vippallasa there is no chance
to have right understanding. It is necessary
to comprehend five aggregates as they are.
It is impossible without Right understanding. So we must try to have Right
understanding. Through Right understanding we are able to know thus:
Dukkhameva hi sambhoti, Dukkham
titthati veti ca. It is dukkha alone that
rises. Dukkha that remains, dukkha that
falls.
The Lord Buddha says:
Yo bhikkhave r|passa uppdo hiti
abhinibbatti ptubhvo. Dukkhasseso
uppdo.
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Yo vedanya, saya, sa~khrna

viassa uppdo hiti abhinibbatti
ptubhvo dukkhasseso uppdo.
O monk, the arising of corporeality,
sensation, perception, mental states and
consciousness is the arising dukkha.
Therefore we must comprehend that the
five aggregates are a mass of Dukkha, not
being.
2. What is Dukkha-samudaya?
According to Buddhism nothing can arise
without its cause. There is also no rootcause which is causeless. There is no cause
that is only cause and no effect that is only
effect.
However, the Buddha mentioned tanha
(thirst) as the cause of dukkha in his the
four noble truths. Because that tanha plays
a major part in generating Dukkha. The
Buddha named that tanha the carpenter
of the house of khandha.
There are three groups of the continuous
vatta (round), namely;
1. Kilesa-vatta; 2. Kamma-vatta and 3.
Vipaka-vatta.
Kilesa-vatta is the all continuous mental
detailments.
Kamma-vatta is the all continuous good
and evil kamma.
Vipaka-vatta is the all continuous fruit of
good and evil kamma.
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Dependent on kilesa Kamma arises.

Dependent on kamma Vipaka arises.
Dependent on vipaka Kilesa arises. They
are interdependent phenomena. They are
similar to three sticks which are raised up
dependent each other. Of those three the
kilesa plays a major part. Without kilesa
any kamma cannot bring about vipaka.
Of those kilesas tanha plays a major part.
Avijja only conceals the reality. Then tanha
arises. Dependent on tanha kamupadana
arises. Dependent on kamupadana
kammabhava arises. Dependent on
kammabhava Jati arises. So tanha plays a
major part to generate this Dukkha. Owing
to this reason the Buddha mentioned that
tanha as the cause of Dukkha.
We can divide the four noble truths into
these two: pavatti and nivatti. Pavatti
means becoming samsara. Nivatti means
leaving from samsara.
Dukkha and samudaya are the type of
becoming (pavatti-sacca). These two are
interdependent cause and effect. All beings
are composed of these two.
3. What is Dukkha-nirodha?
Dukkha-nirodha is Nibbana. All dukkhas
become extinct in Nibbana. Everything has
negative meaning. Dukkha-nirodha is the
negation of Dukkha.
Sumedha, the Bodhisatta, thought of
Binnana by this negative way.
Yathpi dukkhe vijjante, Sukham nmapi
vijjati.
Evam bhave vijjamne, vibhavopi

icchitabbako.
If dukkha exists sukha also must exist. Like
that is bhava exists vibhava also must be
wanted.
Here Vibhava is the negation of bhava.
Vibhava means non-becoming; that is
Nibbana.
The Buddha mentioned Nibbana as
Dukkhanirodha in Dhammacakkappavattana sutta: as Loka nirodha in this
Rohitassa sutta. Both Dukkha-nirodha and
Lokanirodha are the same meaning as
extinction of five aggregates.
According to Ariya-sacca method Dukkha
is the effect and Tanha is the cause. The
Buddha named Nibbana Dukkha-nirodha
as the extinction of effect. But when he
explained Nibbana he mentioned Tanhaya
asesa-viraga-nirodha as the extinction of
cause. Because without extinction of
cause effect cannot be extinguished. The
extinction of cause comes first and the
extinction of effect comes next.
On the other hand Tanha-nirodha is the
cause-extinction. Dukkha-nirodha is the
effect-extinction. The cause-extinction is
sa-upadisesa-nibbanadhatu. The effect
extinction is Anupadisesa-nibbanadhatu.
What is Nibbana?
Nibbana is near us or Nibbana is within us
according to Rohitassa sutta. But Nibbana
is only external; not internal. Because only
five aggregates are mentioned as internal
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phenomena. Nibbana is not included in the

five aggregates.
In Dyavatanupassana sutta the Buddha
talks about Nibbana thus:
Santike na vijnanti, Mag dhammassa
akovid. Those who are ignorant and not
good at dhamma do not know Nibbana
that is near them.
Nibbana is near us. Because the Nibbana
is the only complete extinction of our kilesa
and the only complete extinction of our
five khandhas (Attano khandhanam va
nirodhamattato santike Nibbanam)
We can say Nibbana is within us. The
Buddha used the word Ajjhatta-santi to
describe Nibbana. Ajjhatta-santi means
extinction of mental defilements within us.
(Ajjhattam ragadinam santibhavena,
Ajjhatta-santi sankhatam Nibbanam;
Magandiya sutta, Suttanipata Atthakatha)
In brief the complete extinction is Nibbana.
Of which complete extinction is Nibbana?
The all mental defilements complete
extinction or five khandhas complete
extinction is Nibbana.
According to extinction Nibbana is a single
dhamma as well as all the same. But
Nibbana has different types according to
Magga-phala-nana.
Sotapannas Nibbana is the extinction of
Ditthi and Vicikiccha. Sakadagamis
Nibbana is the same extinction.
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Anagamis Nibbana is the extinction of

Kamaraga and byapada. Arahantas
Nibbana is the extinction of all kilesas.
Nibbana can be known directly through
Magga-phala-nana alone. Common people
are able to know Nibbana indirectly
through book knowledge or Anubodhanana. There are two Nanas to know
Nibbana, namely Anubodha-nana and
Pativedha-nana.
Anubodha-nana means the knowledge
realized dhamma properly.
Pativedha-nana means the knowledge
realized dhamma directly.
Some book knowledge is Anubodha-nana.
It is able to generate Pativedha-nana. So
Anubodha nana is important to achieve
pativedha nana; that is Maggaphala-nana.
Through Anubodha-nana we, as
puthujjanas, are able to know Nibbana.
Nibbana has its characteristic. It is
extinction of kilesa and khandha(santilakkhana).
Nibbana has its function. It is not to die.
Nibbana has its manifestation. It is the
singles of sankhara.
4. What is Dukkha-nirodha-gamini
patipada?
It is the noble eightfold path, namely,
Right view, Right Thought, Right Speech,
Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort,
Right mindfulness, and Right Concentration.
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They are in brief the only three trainings;

Sila, Samadhi and Panna.
be so why the Buddha said that Nibbanam

paramam sukham.
They are the way leading to the extinction

of Dukkha, that is Nibbana.
We experience happiness. This happiness

is Vedayitasukha. Nibbana sukha is
different from Vedayita sukha. It is
Avedayita sukha or santisukha. Nibbana
sukha is of a negative nature mentioned
against becoming.
If you wish to attain the peaceful Nibbana

you must cultivate Sila, Samadhi and Panna
within you. If you practice Vipassana
meditation you will have sila, Samadhi and
panna at the same time.
Through vipassana you can achieve the
four magga-phala nana step by step.
Through Magga-phala nana you can
completely wipe out all kilesas within you.
When you have eradicated all kilesas
completely within you, your mind is free
from kilesa. When your mind is free from
kilesas your wholesome or unwholesome
kammas have no chance to produce good
or bad results in next birth. There is no
cause to be reborn again. You will embrace
the only results of previous kamma
throughout your lifetime. After death your
five khandhas will be no more.
You will be neither here nor there nor
between them. This is the end of your
khandha or the end of Dukkha. This only
your khandha-nirodha is your Nibbana;
when you attain khandha-nirodha you
attain the peaceful Nibbana. The Lord
Buddha says:
Nibbanam paramam sukha Nibbana is
supremely blissful.
When someone attains Nibbana nothing
will arise. There will be no khandhas. It will
Uppado dukkham, anuppado sukham

Becoming of khandha is dukkha. Non
becoming of khandha is sukha.
For instance, there is heat and burning
when fire exists. There is no heat and no
burning when fire becomes extinct.
Herein arising of fire is similar to arising of
khandhas. Heat and burning are similar to
dukkha.
Extinction of fire is similar to extinction of
khandhas. Non heat and non burning are
similar to sukha.
Ven. Sariputta said to Udayi thus:
Etadeva khvettahavuso sukham. Yadettha
natthi vedayitam.
There is no sensation in Nibbana. This state
of non sensation is sukha in Nibbana.
May you attain Nibbana which is near you.
By saying my wish to you let me conclude
my ariticle.
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The Discourse of Sammaditthi
The nature of real dhamma or

Buddhist practice begins with Right
Understanding or Right View and ends with
Right Understanding of a higher stage that
is conventional truth, Ultimate truth and
the noble truth.
While the Buddha was residing at
Jeta grove in Savatthi, Ven. Sariputta
addressed Sammaditthi sutta to the
Bhikkhus with regard to hearing the word
Sammaditthi that people said in those
days. The word Sammaditthi is
combination of two words: Samma and
ditthi. Samma is a prefix and here means
beautiful (pleasant) and praiseworthy.
Ditthi means view or understanding. In the
combination of two words, the meaning
changes and extends a little. The
combination word Sammaditthi means
by A. Nandacaralankara
the one who has beautiful and

praiseworthy view or understanding on the
truths or natures. In this sutta, Sammaditthi
is classified into sixteen groups and
explained from Buddhist point of view. The
sutta, then, shows the benefits of
developing Sammaditthi.
The followings are those Ven.
Sariputta listed:
1. Knowing unwholesome and its cause;
wholesome and its cause;
Herein, unwholesome means ten
demeritorious deeds three bodily
actions; four verbal actions, and three
mental actions, and the causes of
unwholesome are greed (lobha), hatred
(dosa) and delusion (moha). Killing,
stealing and sexual misconduct are bodily
actions which are demeritorious. False
speech, slandering, harsh language and
frivolous talk are verbal actions.
Covetousness, ill will and wrong view are
mental demeritorious actions. Otherwise
wholesome means ten meritorious deeds,
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the opposite of ten demeritorious which

mentioned in the above. The causes of
wholesome are non-greed, non-hatred and
non-delusion.
2. Knowing nutriment, the cause of it, the
cessation of it and the way leading to the
cessation of it.
Nutriment is fourfold. They are 1,
two types of editable foods subtle and
gross; 2, contact as the second, 3, mental
volition as the third, and 4, consciousness
as the fourth. The cause of nutriment is the
arising of craving. The cessation of
nutriment is of craving. The way leading to
the cessation of nutriment is the noble
eightfold path.
3. Knowing the four noble truths: Dukkha
(suffering), the cause of suffering, the
cessation of suffering, and the way leading
to the cessation of suffering.
Here suffering means birth, decay,
death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief,
despair, association with hatred person or
thing, separation from beloved person or
thing, not getting what one wants, and in
brief the five aggregates (of clinging). The
cause of dukkha is craving which leads to
re-becoming, accompanied by delight and
lust, seeking delight here and there. The
craving is of three kinds: craving for sensual
pleasure; craving for becoming; and craving
for disappearance of life. The cessation of
dukkha is of craving without any
remainder.
4. Knowing aging, its cause, its cessation,

and the way leading to the cessation of
aging.
Aging here means the old age of
beings, decrepitude, breaking of teeth,
grayness of hair, wrinkling of skin, the
failing of their vital force, the wearing out
of their sense faculties. The cause of aging
is the arising of birth. Then the cessation
of birth is the cessation of aging.
5. Knowing birth, its cause, its cessation
birth.
Birth is here defined as that of
beings belonging to this and that, their
origination, their conception, their
springing
into
existence,
the
manifestations of the aggregates, and the
acquisition of the sense-base. The cause
of birth is the arising of existence. The
cessation of existence is that of birth.
6. Knowing existence, its cause, its
cessation and the way leading to the
cessation of existence.
Here existence is of three sorts: 1,
sensual existence, 2, material existence
and 3, non-material existence. The cause
of existence is the arising of clinging. The
cessation of clinging is that of existence.
7. Knowing clinging, its cause, its cessation
clinging.
Here clinging is fourfold: 1, clinging
to sensual pleasures; 2, clinging to wrong
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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view; 3, clinging to rites and ritual

ceremony; and clinging to a doctrine of self.
The cause of clinging is the arising of
craving. The cessation of clinging is that of
craving.
8. Knowing craving, its cause, its cessation
craving.
Craving is of six kinds here: 1,
craving on visible form, 2, that on sound,
3, that on smell, 4, that on taste, 5, that on
tangible object, and 6, that on mental
object (dhammarammana). The cause of
craving is the arising of feeling or
experience. The cessation of felling or
experience is that of craving.
9. Knowing feeling or experience, its cause,
its cessation and the way leading to the
cessation of feeling.
Feeling is of six folds: 1, the feeling
born of eye-contact, 2, that born of earcontact, 3, that born of nose-contact, 4,
that born of tongue-contact, 5, that born
of body-contact, and 6, that born of mindcontact. The cause of feeling is the arising
of contact. The cessation of contact is that
of feeling.
10. Knowing contact, its cause, its cessation
contact.
Contact is of six kinds: - eyecontact, ear-contact, nose-contact,
tongue-contact, body-contact and mindcontact. The cause of contact is the arising
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of sense bases. Contacts cease due to the

cessation of sense-bases.
11. Knowing sense-bases, their cause, their
cessation, and the way leading to the
cessation of sense-bases.
Sense-bases are six folds: eyebase, ear, nose, tongue, body and mindbase. The cause of sense-bases is the
arising of mind and matter. Sense-bases
cease due to the cessation of mind and
matter.
12. Knowing mind and matter, their cause,
their cessation and the way leading to the
cessation of them.
Mind here consists of five factors
feeling, perception, volition, contact,
intention, and matter has two folds: the
four great essentials and the material
phenomena derived from great essentials.
The cause of mind and matter is the arising
of consciousness. Mind and matter cease
owing to the cessation of consciousness.
13. Knowing consciousness, its cause, its
cessation of consciousness.
Consciousness here contains only
six kinds: eye-consciousness, ear, nose,
tongue, body and mind-consciousness. The
cause of consciousness is the arising of
formations. On account of the cessation of
formations, consciousness ceases.
14. Knowing formation, its cause, its
cessation formation.
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Formation is, here, of three kinds:

bodily formation, verbal formation and
mental formation. The cause of formation
is the arising of ignorance. Out of the
cessation of ignorance, formation ceases.
Taints are here three kinds: the

taint of sensual desire, (attachment to)
existence, and ignorance. The cause of
taints is the arising of ignorance. Taints
cease due to the cessation of ignorance.
15. Knowing ignorance, its cause, its

cessation of ignorance.
Result
Ignorance here contains the

following meanings: ignorance in suffering,
ignorance in the origin (cause) of suffering,
ignorance in the cessation of suffering, and
ignorance in the way leading to the
cessation of suffering. The cause of
ignorance is the arising of taints. Ignorance
ceases due to the cessation of taints.
16. Knowing taints, their cause, their
cessation of them.
One who knows one of 16

mentioned above can eradicate latent
dispositions to sensual lust, to aversion, to
conceit which means This is I. Then
ignorance vanishes and enlightenment
arises in him or her. This means that he or
she makes the end of suffering in this very
life. In this way one can be Sammaditthi
(Right Understanding). This is a brief
account of note on Sammaditthi according
to Buddhism.
Ppo pi passati bhadra, yva ppa na paccati,
Yad ca paccati ppa, atha ppo ppni passati.

Even an evil-doer sees good as long as evil ripens not;
but when it bears fruit, then he sees the evil results.
Dhammapada
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The Robe and a Monk
Here with regard to robes, there

are some points which should be
explained further originally, monks
robes were also shared by lay people.
In other words monks robes were same
as the laymens clothes in those days.
The only difference was colour.
We find some instances in the
Pali Canon. We find in Vinaya that a
monk called Upananda wanted to get
one of the pieces of material worn by
the son of a great banker in Savatthi. If
the clothes of the bankers son had not
been similar to those monks, the
argument has it, and then Upananda
would not have been able to make his
request. Again Bramana Devasataka
gave his upper robe to the Buddha and
the Buddha accepted it. Therefore, we
can assume, as for the general
appearance of the robes, that same
scholars think that at first the Buddhist
by Registrar Sayadaw
Dr. Panditavarabhivamsa
monks customs were not very different
from those of the lay people.
In Vinaya, we also have the case
that a Buddhist monk exchanged his
new robes with another religious
mendicant (paribbajaka). This tells us
the form of robes worn by Buddhist
monks were shared by all mendicants,
except Jain monks who were naked.
Later on, the Buddha asked monks to
cut the piece of valuable cloth into
many pieces and re-sewed it. In this
way, monks make their robes cleverly
and it could not be sold. Further, the
Buddha asked the monks to wear
discoloured clothes since laymen wear
it in white, and prohibit of exchanging
robes with other mendicants.
A Buddhist monk gave his nice
and expensive robe to a non Buddhist
monk (paribbajaka) who had an old and
ragged robe owing to compassion. In
tern the paribbajaka gave his old and
ragged robe to the Buddhist monk. So
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they exchanged their robes. With a

delighted heart, the paribbajaka and
came back to his place and told his
friends. A very kind, honest and
generous Buddhist monk gave his nice
and expensive robe to me.
His friends felt jealous and said
It looks good, but it is made of inferior
type of cloth which only last for 2 or 3
months. The paribbajaka was really
disturbed and walked in the street
scolding the Buddhist monks. Buddhist
monks are very cunning, they pretend
to be honest and generous, but they

cheat me of my clothes which can be
used for two or three years. How could
these cheaters achieve Nibbana? They
should go to hell.
You, the foolish people, gave
alms to them. After inquiring, the
Buddha scolded the monk and said
Non-believers always try to find thorn
with us. So from now on, Buddhist
monks should not exchange robes with
non-Buddhist mendicants.
Na antalikkhe na smuddamajjhe, na pabbatna vivara pavissa,

Na vijjati so jagatippadeso, yatthatthita nappasahetha maccu.
Not in the sky, nor in mid-ocean, not in a mountain cave,
is found that place on earth where abiding one will not
be overcome by death.
Dhammapada
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NIBBANA
Nibbana is a Pali word that is

grammatically composed of two words: ni
and vana. Here ni means departure
whereas the word vana is craving.
Therefore departure from craving is called
Nibbana. Literally, nibbana means no
craving or non-attachment. It is the only
object of the four magganana and
phalanana, or paths and fruits, not the
object of craving which is called vana or
tanha. The object of craving is the only
kamma with fivefold sensual bond, namely,
sight, sound, smell, taste and touch. With
this craving those who have it cannot
directly realize the true nature of nibbana
with their limiting worldly knowledge but
it can be speculated by just worldly
knowledge. It is like understanding of one
who has good hands and legs can feel the
suffering of one who has no hands and legs.
In the same way, getting old, enduring pain
and facing death are common to all living
beings. They have been suffering in the 31
planes of existence without exception.
Nobody can escape from this real suffering.
Compiled by Ashin Suriya
M.A
But nibbana is beyond such a kind

of suffering and is totally peace and
stability. This understanding is only what
the ordinary people believe. One who
wants to realize the nibbana must cut off
craving. First of all, he must learn the
dhamma carefully (nataparinna) so he can
practice rightly (tiranaparinna). His
practicing dhamma will uproot the taproot of craving and will make enlightened
person (pahanaparinna). By this time, he
belongs to the highest wisdom,
arahattamagganana, because he craves
no more. Through his own supramundane
knowledge he can directly see and fully
understand the real nibbana. Nibbana is
expressed by the Buddha himself to be
difficult to see (duddasam) for those who
have no arahatta-magganana. For
example, we cannot see bacteria with the
naked human eye, we can only see it with
a powerful microscope. Similarly, nibbana
cannot be seen by the eye of craving, but
observed only by the eye of wisdom called
Lokuttaranana.
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Totally removing craving from

ones heart is the cessation of craving
which is called Tanhanirodha. The
cessation of craving is the end of suffering
for ones life or existence which is called
Dukkhanirodha. The ending of suffering for
ones life is the only nibbana, the highest
and the greatest bliss. Ven. Sariputta thera,
once, was asked about nibbana by a
wonderer whose name was Jambukhadaka. The Thera told him that extinction
of craving, hatred and ignorance was the
attainment of nibbana, a supramundane
state of eternal happiness. His answer was
simple and brief and easy to understand
for everyone.
Nibbana exists in its nature forever
but there is no special storage place for it
like fire. One cannot find out where the fire
exists. Fire arises only when the pieces of
wood or stone are rubbed together again
and again. Likewise, live first in Sila, as a
foundation, then practice with wise
intention and sharp effort until magganana
rids all cravings off. Immediately after their
arising of magganana, nibbana will appear
as its nature. Seekers after the truth can
find nibbana everywhere either in the
human realm or deva or brahma world no
matter where they live.
It is a kind of anissitadhamma
which means independent from craving
and wrong view (tanha and ditthi). Craving
and wrong view depend on only this
material body, not on nibbana. Having
craving and wrong view within us, this body
is shaking, instable, fearful, and confused.

On the other hand, nibbana that is
independent of tanha and ditthi is totally
peace and stability. There is no fear no
sorrow in nibbana, no new cause will arise
(ajata), no dependence on other things
(abuta), no creator created by any
supernatural beings (akata), and no
condition by the four causes of kamma,
citta, utu and ahara (asankhata).
There is also neither arising
(uppada) nor standing (thiti) nor passing
away (vaya) in nibbana and so it has only
peaceful bliss (santisukha) since it has
nothing to do with conditions as
mentioned above nor with the pain of
birth, old age, sickness and death and so
on. It is too hard to understand the deep
nature of nibbana for those who are still
craving. The reason is that it is neither an
object of craving nor in the mundane-mind
(lokiya-citta). Noble persons who have
eradicated the tap-root of craving can
thoroughly understand the true nature of
nibbana through their knowledge of the
four maggas and phalas.
Therefore drying up the riverwater of craving is called the attainment
of nibbana. Lets consider this statement
that the drying up of craving is nibbana.
This craving is nowhere else but within
ones body owing to the fact that the
arising and the ceasing of craving must be
in this body. So one might say that nibbana
is within our self. It is not possible that both
of the arising of craving and the ceasing of
THE VOICE OF DHAMMA
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craving are different from this body. They

come from the same place. Lets take an
example. One can say that there are the
two river banks because of flowing water
between the two banks. When the river
dries up, one cannot say there are the two
banks since they are one. That is why the
Buddha told a monk that in this fathomlong body there is the world, the cause of
the world, the end of the world, and the
way leading to the end of the world.
Nevertheless, nibbana is included in the
external states in the Matrix Text of the first
book of abhidhamma. It is one ultimate
truth distinct from the other three ultimate
truths, such as citta, cetasika and rupa.
Mind and matter are conditioned states
that are subject to destruction. Nibbana
has nothing to do with them and does not
have suffering and changing.
Nibbana does not appear only
because of the arising of maggacitta and
then disappears immediately after finishing
its function. Nobody is able to go to
nibbana by using any vehicle, nor does it
come into existence within us itself. It is
neither a thing, nor an object that one can
have, nor a sense object that one can
experience, nor a happiness that one can
enjoy in the worldly sense, but a happiness
which is much higher than ordinary worldly
happiness (nibbanam paramam sukham).
This happiness, called supreme peace, is
characteristic of nibbana. Its function is
deathless. It can be discerned by those who
are well practiced and attainment of it has
neither sign nor shape nor color. If one has
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sufficiency of knowledge skill, one can even

experience the greatest bliss of it in this
present life, let alone in life beyond.
Nobody can monopolize it for it is a
common to all and unique to each
individual.
Nibbana is like an ocean that the
different rivers in different directions on
the land can flow into it. Likewise, the way
to nibbana has 40 different methods in the
Visuddhimagga and so one who is eager
to go to nibbana can select one of them
according to ones temperament (carita).
The ocean never increases or decreases no
matter how much water comes in from the
rivers and stays in the same level. Similarly,
nibbana naturally remains constant even
though many noble persons attain it. It is
not complete enough for one who has still
craving to understand the true nature of
nibbana just by speculating on it. So one
should follow the Buddhas advice and put
his teaching into practice so that he will
remove craving which causes all beings to
be born again and again in Samsara. Only
after the departure from craving, one can
realize to nibbana through his own
wisdom. This explanation is the meaning
of Ni and Vana. Lets try to realize nibbana,
it is the final goal of Buddhism aspired by
all.
May all beings be happy and peaceful in
very life.
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THE SITAGU RESOLUTION
We resolve to make effort:

To beautify our lives in this world we live,
To promote our Sasana ardently,
To make our country prosperous,
With the best of our ability,
Without arrogance.

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA

Student Magzine in Commemoration of 2010-11 Academic Year

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA

Student Magzine in Commemoration of 2010-11 Academic Year

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA

Student Magzine in Commemoration of 2010-11 Academic Year

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2010-11 ynmoifESpfzGifhyGJtxdrf;trSwf ausmif;om;r*Zif;

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA

Student Magzine in Commemoration of 2010-11 Academic Year

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA

Student Magzine in Commemoration of 2010-11 Academic Year

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA

Student Magzine in Commemoration of 2010-11 Academic Year

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THE VOICE OF DHAMMA

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