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Οδηγ εγκατ Ubuntu 10 04 σε σχολικά εργαστ 02 2011
Οδηγ εγκατ Ubuntu 10 04 σε σχολικά εργαστ 02 2011
2010
17:
1:
......
/ :
Ubuntu 10.04 LTS/ LTSP
2011
2011
# 2 / 114
(
, http://ts.sch.gr)
(
, http://www.cti.gr/ets)
(
, http://www.minedu.gov.gr), (
).
,
.
CCPL.
2011
# 3 / 114
# 4 / 114
# 5 / 114
2011
# 6 / 114
1: ..................................................................12
2: Moore .........................................................24
3: Ubuntu switch......................25
4: Ubuntu switch.26
5: .................................................27
6: ext4....................................................................................28
7: .................................................................................29
8: ..............................................31
9: ...................................................................32
10: .............................................33
11: .................................................34
12: Synaptic.......................................................38
13: ubuntu...........................................................................39
14: IP Ubuntu .......................42
15: sch-scripts.........................................................................44
16: sch-scripts: .................45
17: sch-scripts ............................................................46
18: sch-scripts thin clients........................................47
19: sch-scripts fat clients..........................................48
20: sch-scripts fat client....................................48
21: sch-scripts fat clients...........................49
22: sch-scripts LTSP ..........................51
23: sch-scripts .............................................62
24: sch-scripts: ........................64
25: sch-scripts: - .......................................................65
26: sch-scripts
......................................................................................................................68
27: sch-scripts ltsp135 (, mac, ip, cpu, ram, vga)..68
28: sch-scripts
..............................................................................................................69
29: sch-scripts .........................................69
30: sch-scripts .............70
31: sch-scripts .................................................70
32: sch-scripts: ...............................................................71
33: ..............73
34: VirtualBox OSE................................................................................76
35: kolourpaint.....................................................................................77
36: kturtle............................................................................................78
37: scratch...........................................................................................79
38: BIOS: Boot Rom ..................................82
39: BIOS: Lan 1 .................................83
40: ltsp_loader............................................................84
41: gPXE: CD...................................................................................85
42: Ubuntu
2011
# 7 / 114
2011
# 8 / 114
()
- :
,
2010.
( ) Ubuntu
10.04 / LTSP. scripts
Linux (
).
thin & fat clients,
,
.
sch-scripts.
Ubuntu
(..
, , )
(
http://ts.sch.gr/repo)
thin clients,
fat clients
image
.
( )
,
( thin client)
( fat client).
MS-Windows
( ):
Ubuntu
MS-Windows (
).
MS-Windows
( ) (
)
MS-Windows ubuntu
(
).
2011
# 9 / 114
1. 7 (quick setup
guide)
Ubuntu LTSP
Linux
.
.
Ubuntu LTSP, Ubuntu,
. 7
1 1,5 sch-scripts.
1. http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download
Desktop CD (CD-ROM).
2. CD-ROM Ubuntu
( 4)
13'
3.
sch-scripts
(
6.3)
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ts.sch.gr
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sch-scripts
2' ( sch-scripts)
4. sch-scripts
.
sch-scripts
. ( 6.5)
18' ( )
5. sch-scripts
thin fat clients (
7.1)
22' thin clients 62' fat clients ( fat
clients WAN
.
6. sch-scripts
(
8.1 8.2).
2011
# 10 / 114
7. (
10)
5'.
thin fat clients
.
~ 1 2 !!!.
thin clients fat clients.
(thin & fat)
.
ADSL 2 Mbps
.
( - nipiagogeio, dimotiko,
gymnasio, lykeio, tee, dimotiko-extra, gymnasio-extra, lykeio-extra ) 4GBytes
ADSL
.
(updates).
2011
# 11 / 114
thin client
(
)
(, , )
.
thin clients
, (mainframe)
(distributed).
fat client
.
1:
thin client ,
(.. ) thin client
(.. remote desktop ).
2011
# 12 / 114
2.1.1.
thin clients
(1 H/Y 10 )
(
)
( )
(
Ubuntu /)
/ (, ,
, )
(
thin
clients
).
( MS-Windows
rdesktop WINE)
thin clients
/worms
(
ubuntu)
2011
# 13 / 114
Unix (
)
thin clients
ISA LB,
, , ISA . thin
clients
( PCI express)
http://ts.sch.gr/repo
MS-Windows ( MS-Windows Terminal Server
ubuntu
)
Unix
2.2.
fat
clients
http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~ltsp-upstream/ltsp/ltsp-trunk/changes.
fat clients ubuntu 10.04+.
: ltsp
fat clients ( fat clients )
,
. fat client (network
boot), (log-on) ldm/ssh
, thin clients, .
home directory (/home) fat client
sshfs nfs.
fat clients sch-scripts (.
2.3 sch-scripts).
# 14 / 114
2.3.
sch-scripts
sch-scripts scripts
Ubuntu LTSP
( ""
, ,
, & ).
sch-scripts
.
10.04 sch-scripts ubuntu
9.04 LTSP python & shell
ubuntu .
10.04 sch-scripts :
LTSP
ubuntu desktop CD
LTSP
( proxyDHCP, NFS )
fat clients
(wizard) .
:
, , () ,
(thin/fat ltsp clients) .
:
,
,
.
:
,
2011
# 15 / 114
,
.
. (
).
Ubuntu.
2.4.
(repositories):
/.
,
.. .
linux .
malware-free.
2.4.1.
(http://ts.sch.gr)
https://launchpad.net/~ts.sch.gr/+archive/ppa.
https://launchpad.net/ Canonical
.
Launchpad, :
Ubuntu, LTSP
(standalone ).
, sch-scripts
gpxe gpxe-grub.
Ubuntu, freenx/neatx
, scratch
, geogebra, nanny
2011
# 16 / 114
Ubuntu .
LTSP
clients, gnomesession thin clients
,
VLC media player
,
Ubuntu (dnsmasq, kompozer, sabayon,
usermode, libxcb, italc, gtkhtml, chromium-browser ).
2.4.2.
http://ts.sch.gr/repo ' '
,
Ubuntu.
( linux
ubuntu / debian )
Synaptic
( prism, adobe flash plugin, wine )
(sources) .
sch-scripts.
debianbased :
1 ( 2009-2010)
(..)
.
2 ( 2010-2011)
'
. :
GPL (
).
..
2011
# 17 / 114
'
,
.
:
cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ts.sch.gr-repo-stable.list
2011
# 18 / 114
3. Ubuntu
LTSP
3.1.
LTSP
. , ,
.
thin clients .
:
, (dual core)
(quad core),
, Adobe
Flash Player Microsoft
Windows Wine Virtualbox.
:
. 20 GB
.
Serial Ata, Native Command Queueing
16 32MB Cache.
:
,
gigabit.
, .
, PCI-e,
(bandwidth) PCI bus
PCI v2.3 32bit 33/66MHz PCI bus.
:
. ,
(
Intel drivers).
3.6
.
,
kernel Linux , .
2011
# 19 / 114
3.2.
thin client
LTSP
. ,
RAM,
( nvidia) .
: 233 MHz 64 MB
RAM.
3.3.
fat client
fat client
(
RAM)
Ubuntu 10.04.
: 1 GHz 512 MB
RAM ( Ubuntu 10.04).
: 1 GHz 1 GB
RAM. BIOS,
(PXE).
( ) Ubuntu
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements.
3.4. &
Ubuntu
thin/fat client Ubuntu
:
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download
Desktop CD CD ( live CD).
CD-ROM.
RAM
RAM .
2011
# 20 / 114
controller ,
Alt+F2
gksu gparted
.
, :
xvinfo
no adaptors present,
teacher@server:~$ xvinfo
X-Video Extension version 2.2
screen #0
no adaptors present
(acceleration)
.
thin client ,
, video
(> 400Mbps). '
,
100Mbps (
) network traffic
shaping .
, .
, .
2011
# 21 / 114
/
http://hardware4linux.info/search/ Ubuntu
.
3.5.
3.5.1.
: Gigabit
gigabit,
gigabit (switch) gigabit
.
gigabit
gigabit 7 25 gigabit
(switch) 40 200 ,
bus , leds .
.
3.5.2.
: Gigabit
switch gigabit 100 Mbps. server
gigabit (gigabit) switch. ,
clients Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps),
, .
, 10 clients 100 Mbps,
gigabit. ,
DVD 5 (5x125 Mbps), gigabit
, (dropped frames)
100 Mbps.
gigabit, :
ethernet flow control
server switch, bandwidth 100 Mbps 1 Gigabit!
# 22 / 114
ethtool
gymeleou@server:~$ sudo ethtool -a eth0
Pause parameters for eth0:
Cannot get device pause settings: Operation not supported
3.6. Ubuntu
thin clients
Ubuntu
(2007 /) Intel
Core 2 Duo 2.13 GHz (E6400), 2 GB RAM 16 port gigabit nonblocking
switch, 10
thin clients Ubuntu 7.04/7.10.
10 , :
thin client
OpenOffice.Org
10+
Gimp/TuxPaint
10+
10
07
YouTube
10
GoogleEarth
07
Rythmbox
10+
10+
10
08
CPU 100%
04
CPU 100%
Wine + Sketchpad
04
CPU 100%
Wine + .
03
CPU 100%
2011
CPU 100%
CPU 100%
# 23 / 114
2: Moore
3.7. LTSP
LTSP
2011
# 24 / 114
3.7.1.
LTSP switch
switch, LTSP
PC . Linux server ,
switch. LTSP
Ubuntu / LTSP,
.
10.04
.
3: Ubuntu switch
3.7.2.
LTSP switch ()
PC switch, ,
, switches. server
(, bonding, ).
2011
# 25 / 114
4: Ubuntu switch
2011
# 26 / 114
4. ubuntu
, :
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download
Desktop CD .
CD :
CD .iso ,
burn image ( .iso) .
network id 10.x.y.0
. x y
, helpdesk .
server Ubuntu
CD.
switch ,
router.
:
1. CD .
Enter.
interface.
(system locale ),
interface , .
Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS
5:
2011
# 27 / 114
2.
3.
.
4. (
).
5. , .
.
6.
7. , 25 Gb.
, . /
.
6: ext4
8. /home swap ( swap partition
: ),
.
.
2011
# 28 / 114
7:
,
,
.
2 primary ext4 partitions Linux,
15 - 50 Gb.
:
Linux, , backup boot
manager,
,
.
Linux:
partition
backup
.
1 ext4 partition ,
/home. , logical,
, primary
.
1 swap partition 1.5 2 RAM.
logical .
Windows (dual boot), primary ntfs
partition Windows,
ntfs partition
2011
# 29 / 114
Primary 1
Primary 2
Primary 3
20%
15%
30 Gb ext4
Ubuntu Lucid
(
)
15%
30 Gb ext4
Ubuntu Hardy
(backup
)
40 Gb ntfs
Windows
2008
Extended partition
Logical 1 Logical 2 Logical 3
25%
22%
3%
45 Gb
5 Gb
50 Gb ntfs
ext4
swap
Windows
Linux
Linux
\Users
/home
swap
1
:
2
:
Primary 1
30%
60 Gb ntfs
Windows 2003
(
)
Primary 1
30%
60 Gb ntfs
Windows 2003
(backup
)
Primary 2
20%
40 Gb ext4
Ubuntu Hardy
(backup
)
Primary 2
20%
40 Gb ext4
Ubuntu Lucid
(
)
Primary 3
40%
Primary 4
10%
20 Gb ntfs
80 Gb ext4
(backup of Windows
Linux /home
\Users?)
Primary 3
Primary 4
47%
3%
95 Gb ntfs
Windows \Users
(& backup of
5 Gb swap
Linux /home?)
Linux swap
2: 200 Gb dual
boot Linux / Windows, ... backups
dual boot MS-Wndows ubuntu.
9. , Teacher
. teacher
. .
.
server.
LTSP thin fat clients
server .
server
2011
# 30 / 114
8:
10.
.
, 10,
LTSP (thin & fat).
2011
# 31 / 114
5.
Ubuntu
,
.
" Ubuntu 10.04"
: http://ubuntu-manual.org/?lang=el
Ubuntu .
5.1.
,
Ubuntu:
9:
.
2011
# 32 / 114
5.2.
,
.
,
:
10:
5.3.
Linux :
.
,
,
(. 5.8.
Synaptic).
,
,
OpenOffice, Adobe flash player, Gimp .
.
2011
# 33 / 114
11:
, .
,
.
5.4.
,
,
.
Windows
, User Account
Control (UAC).
5.5.
(Alt+F2)
(command line),
2011
# 34 / 114
:
gedit /usr/lib/firefox*/defaults/profile/prefs.js
,
firefox
.
(
/ )
:
, /usr/lib/firefox3.6.13/defaults/profile/.
firefox-3.6.13 ,
firefox.
prefs.js
Alt+F2:
(
).
... .
...
.
5.6.
(gksu)
prefs.js
, .
Linux ,
/home/user, /tmp.
,
, (root):
gksu gedit /usr/lib/firefox-*/defaults/profile/prefs.js
gksu
gedit root. gedit, .
gksu, , :
2011
# 35 / 114
, nautilus
,
.
,
.
5.7.
(gnome-terminal)
, , ,
.
,
. ,
.
, , /
- . gnome-terminal,
Ctrl+Shift+V. # .
:
pwd
:
ls
, :
ls -lha
:
cd /home
:
cd ~
/ . cd ,
, cd ,
tab.
:
cd \
:
ln -s ~/ " "
2011
# 36 / 114
gksu sudo,
/ .
.
,
:
for f in /home/*/\
do sudo ln -s ~/ "$f/ "
done
.
.
. ,
.
,
:
for f in /home/*/\
do sudo rm "$f/ "
done
5.8.
Synaptic
5.3. ,
Linux .
, Synaptic Package Manager.
,
.
Synaptic
, Synaptic.
tuxmath
tuxpaint. Synaptic,
.
tuxm ( ,
), tuxm:
2011
# 37 / 114
12: Synaptic
quick search
.
tuxmath.
, .
()
.
, tuxpaint ,
.
.
,
.
5.9.
Ubuntu
, (
), .
2011
# 38 / 114
13: ubuntu
. Synaptic
.
5.10.
.
,
.
, . ,
,
LDAP, Samba, Firewall, Apache, PHP, Squid, MySQL, FTP, Mail server .
5.11.
MS-Windows
Ubuntu :
2011
# 39 / 114
MS-Windows :
1. Ubuntu Server
VNC ( ) (. 8.4
).
2. Ubuntu Server
ssh.
3. &
ubuntu SAMBA ( SAMBA
Ubuntu).
5.12.
MS-Windows
MS-Windows. :
1. MS-Windows
(. 5.11.
MS-Windows)
MS-Windows MS-Windows Server
MS-Windows Terminal Services (
Terminal server 120 ).
2. WINE
Ubuntu ( MS-Windows
) (. 9.3. Wine).
3. MS-Windows MS-Windows
7/Vista/XP/2000 (virtual machine) ubuntu
. Virtual Box Synaptic
Package Manager (. 9.6 Virtual Box)
RAM ubuntu ( 2GB)
RAM .
( Terminal Services MS-Windows
MS-Windows 7/Vista/XP/2000 rdp
)
(
).
2011
# 40 / 114
6.
,
.
6.1.
IP NetworkManager
, , LTSP server IP (
DHCP).
IPs 10.x.y.0 10.x.y.127. 10.x.y.1
10.x.y.10 & 10.x.y.11 server
NAT
. Windows server IP 10.x.y.10
10.x.y.11.
IP
( LTSP thin fat clients) :
LTSP server proxy server (. 12.1
Squid), DNS server (. 9.4 DNS
Server), print server, samba server (.. Windows clients, file
server) .
Ubuntu DHCP
NetworkManager,
,
:
IP
,
NetworkManager
. ,
.
2011
# 41 / 114
14: IP Ubuntu
, eth0: . 2
, MAC ,
,
eth0.
IPv4, : ,
( 10.50.40.11),
255.255.255.0, ( 10.50.40.1).
IP Enter
/ DNS,
.
, .
, Authenticate.
Network Manager
.
, , Auto eth0 Ethernet,
.
2011
# 42 / 114
6.2.
CD
, . ,
, .
,
.
Run this action
now
Install.
,
.
Log out.
,
System Administration Language Support.
6.3.
sch-scripts
(. 2.4.1 ).
. :
2011
# 43 / 114
6.4.
sch-scripts
sch-scripts
ubuntu (.
6.3)
sch-scripts
.
sudo apt-get install sch-scripts
15: sch-scripts
sch-scripts
.
6.5.
, thin clients.
schscripts,
,
.
( # )
( # )
2011
# 44 / 114
sch-scripts
, .
GB .
(. 7.1.2 fat clients),
cache .
16: sch-scripts:
.
. .
2011
# 45 / 114
7.
LTSP thin fat clients
sch-scripts
7.1. Ubuntu server
LTSP Server
clients (thin
fat) .
1. sch-scripts
17: sch-scripts
2. (/etc/ltsp/ltsp-buildclient.conf) .
.
2011
# 46 / 114
7.1.1.
thin clients
,
thin clients.
.
thin clients ,
thin clients
. , thin clients
.
7.1.2.
fat clients
(<4
) (. 3.3
fat client)
fat clients
Ubuntu .
thin clients.
1. fat clients
2011
# 47 / 114
Edubuntu: Gnome
.
Kubuntu:
.
Xubuntu: XFCE,
.
Lubuntu: LXDE,
.
KDE,
# 48 / 114
3.
fat clients.
,
.
( # )
( # )
, ,
(. 7.2.5
- fat clients).
fat clients.
thin clients ,
6.5, .
.
. .
4. .
2011
# 49 / 114
script
/etc/ltsp/ltsp-build-client.conf.
.
(>5 GB)
,
.
7.2.
LTSP
LTSP ( LTSP )
.
1
. 8 sch-scripts
sch-scripts
( ,
, ,
, ltsp-build-client.conf, lts.conf,
dnsmasq
.
2011
# 50 / 114
7.2.1.
lts.conf
1
. ,
.
lts.conf .
,
.
thin fat (
fat client thin).
lts.conf.
#
#
#
#
#
lts.conf Ubuntu/LTSP .
/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/lts.conf.
/ .
lts.conf, :
man lts.conf
#
#
#
[Default]
# . Alt+Ctrl+F2 .
#
SCREEN_02=shell
#
SCREEN_07=ldm
# fat clients DNS server.
# sch-scripts
# "$SERVER 194.63.238.4 208.67.222.222", LTSP server, nic.sch.gr
2011
# 51 / 114
:
XRANDR_MODE_0=1024x768
XRANDR_RATE_0=85
,
640x480, .
.
X_HORZSYNC=30.0-88.0
X_VERTREFRESH=50.0-86.0
(.. xrandr), :
X_MODE_0=1024x768
16bit thin clients ,
Nvidia 24:
X_COLOR_DEPTH=16
X server:
XSERVER=vesa
# numlock .
# numlockx chroot.
#
X_NUMLOCK=True
# :
#
XKBLAYOUT="us,gr"
#
XKBOPTIONS="grp:alt_shift_toggle,lv3:ralt_switch,grp_led:scroll"
#
XKBVARIANT=","
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
thin clients.
SOUND=False
usb sticks/cd roms thin clients.
LOCALDEV=False
thin clients.
.
LOCALDEV_DENY_INTERNAL_DISKS=False
# " " .
# LDM_USERNAME/LDM_PASSWORD.
#
LDM_GUESTLOGIN=True
# .
#
LDM_AUTOLOGIN=True
# [Default] ,
# .
# :
LDM_SSHOPTIONS="-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o CheckHostIP=no -o LogLevel=silent"
# mac address:
#[00:50:FC:98:CC:31]
#
HOSTNAME=client101
# IP :
#[10.160.31.103]
# LDM_AUTOLOGIN LDM_GUESTLOGIN,
# .
# , HOSTNAME .
#
LDM_USERNAME=user101
#
LDM_PASSWORD=pass101
# DNS :
#[client103]
7.2.2.
LTSP_FATCLIENT=False
ltsp-build-client.conf
1
. ,
.
2011
# 52 / 114
.
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
=============================================================================
ltsp-build-client, (chroot)
thin fat clients.
shell.
,
.
=============================================================================
2011
# 53 / 114
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Linux ,
beta testing
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------EARLY_MIRROR="http://ppa.launchpad.net/ts.sch.gr/proposed/ubuntu $DIST main"
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------# ,
# . .
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------APT_KEYS="
/usr/share/sch-scripts/apt-keys/ts.sch.gr-ppa.asc
/usr/share/sch-scripts/apt-keys/ts.sch.gr-repo.asc
/usr/share/sch-scripts/apt-keys/medibuntu.asc
/usr/share/sch-scripts/apt-keys/virtualbox.asc
/usr/share/sch-scripts/apt-keys/google-chrome.asc
2011
# 54 / 114
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
root clients. .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------ROOTPASS="prompt"
,
.
2011
# 55 / 114
7.2.3.
dnsmasq
.
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
/etc/dnsmasq.d/ltsp.conf dnsmasq
proxy DHCP server LTSP .
proxy DHCP server
(boot filename tftp-server)
IP. , router
DHCP server .
dnsmasq /etc/dnsmasq.conf,
.
.
2011
# 56 / 114
7.2.4.
fat clients
/etc/ltsp/koina.list
.
fat client /etc/ltsp/koina.list ltspbuild-client.conf
.
#
#
#
#
#
#
=============================================================================
.
,
/etc/ltsp/koina.list
/etc/ltsp/ltsp-build-client.conf.
=============================================================================
# .
sch-client
# .
language-pack-el language-pack-en
# GNOME.
language-pack-gnome-el language-pack-gnome-en
# KDE.
language-pack-kde-el language-pack-kde-en
# , .
language-support-el language-support-en
# OpenOffice.
openoffice.org-l10n-el
# Adobe Flash Player, Sun Java,
# Microsoft, codecs .
ubuntu-restricted-extras
# wine Windows Linux.
# wine-el .
wine-el
2011
# 57 / 114
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,
.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# .
#googleearth
# .
#stellarium
# clipart.
#openclipart
# / shoot'em up.
#teeworlds
# / .
#frozen-bubble
# Secret Mario Chronicles.
#smc
# Mario Tux.
#supertux
# Tux.
#supertuxkart
7.2.5. - fat
clients
dimotiko.list, gymnasio.list lykeio.list
.
fat client
ltsp-build-client.conf
2011
# 58 / 114
#
#
#
#
#
#
=============================================================================
.
,
/etc/ltsp/dimotiko.list
/etc/ltsp/ltsp-build-client.conf.
=============================================================================
# dimotiko :
#
dim-anglika-d-e, dim-anglika-st, dim-eikastika-a-st, dim-geografia-e-st,
#
dim-glossa-a-b, dim-glossa-c-d, dim-glossa-e-st, dim-istoria-c-d,
#
dim-koinoniki-pol-agogi-e-st, dim-mathimatika-a-b, dim-mathimatika-c-d,
#
dim-mathimatika-e-st, dim-mousiki-a-st, dim-thriskeftika-c-d,
#
dim-thriskeftika-e-st.
# , ,
# dimotiko
# .
dimotiko
# dimotiko-extra
# :
#
dim-anakalypto-ton-kosmo-mesa-apo-ton-ypologisti,
#
dim-mathaino-ti-glossa-mou, dim-perivallon-i-prostasia-tou-dasous,
#
dim-politika-kai-diplomatika-gegonota-tis-neoteris-istorias-mas,
#
dim-sto-stavrodromi-trion-ipeiron-i-zoi-sti-vyzantini-aftokratoria,
#
gym-taxinomoume, dim-metro-ypologizo-kai-ektimo-a
#dimotiko-extra
# gcompris .
gcompris gcompris-sound-el
# Tux.
tuxmath
# Tux.
tuxtype
# .
tuxpaint
# Windows.
kolourpaint4
#
#
#
#
#
#
=============================================================================
.
,
/etc/ltsp/gymnasio.list
/etc/ltsp/ltsp-build-client.conf.
=============================================================================
# gymnasio :
#
gym-anglika-a-c, gym-anglika-archarioi-a-c, gym-chimeia-b-c,
#
gym-fysiki-agogi-a-c, gym-fysiki-b-c, gym-gallika-a-c, gym-germanika-a-c,
#
gym-irodotou-a-b, gym-istoria-a-c, gym-omirika-epi-a-b, gym-pliroforiki-a-c,
#
gym-thriskeftika-a-c, gym-topiki-istoria-c, gym-viologia-a-c.
# , ,
# gymnasio
# .
gymnasio
2011
# 59 / 114
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
=============================================================================
/ .
,
/etc/ltsp/lykeio.list
/etc/ltsp/ltsp-build-client.conf.
=============================================================================
# lykeio :
#
glossa, lyk-taxidi-se-ena-diktyo, lyk-virtual-chemistry-lab
# , ,
# lykeio
# .
lykeio
# lykeio-extra
# :
#
lyk-polymesa, lyk-avakio,
#
lyk-dimosios-kai-idiotikos-vios-stin-archaia-ellada-dimosios-vios,
#
lyk-dimosios-kai-idiotikos-vios-stin-archaia-ellada-idiotikos-vios
#lykeio-extra
# .
audacity
# , Photoshop.
gimp
# , Illustrator.
inkscape
# video.
blender
# , Frontpage.
kompozer
2011
# 60 / 114
7.3.
Ubuntu LTSP 1 -
thin fat clients (7.1.1
thin clients 7.1.2 fat clients)
.
:
1. thin fat client
( )
.
2. fat clients
.
3. fat clients (.
7.2.5 - fat
clients 7.3.1 )
.
enter sch-scripts
. script chroot
(apt-get update, apt-get dist-upgrade).
2011
# 61 / 114
23: sch-scripts
, (ltsp-update-kernels, ltsp-update-image)
.
( server).
.
7.3.1.
LTSP .
sch-scripts
.
.
chroot .
,
.
chroot .
chroot
. :
2011
# 62 / 114
apt-get update
apt-get install < >
nano vi.
chroot
chroot ( gedit).
/opt/ltsp/i386.
wget.
wget http://ts.sch.gr
server
. /opt/ltsp/i386
2011
# 63 / 114
8.
sch-scripts
sch-scripts
.
sch-scripts.
sch-scripts
( )
CSV .
8.1.
(
).
24: sch-scripts:
2011
# 64 / 114
8.2.
: /
25: sch-scripts: -
8.2.1.
email
2011
# 65 / 114
8.2.2.
csv
csv
csv,
csv ,
.
csv
. (
) .
( )
.
csv
( openoffice.org calc).
.
:
: ( )
: "
8.2.3.
csv
:
2011
# 66 / 114
csv
.
( openoffice.org calc)
8.3.
ubuntu
iTalc. :
(
thin clients )
iTalc ,
LTSP,
sch-scripts .
:
sch-scripts .
.
thin fat client.
2011
# 67 / 114
26: sch-scripts
# 68 / 114
28: sch-scripts
29: sch-scripts
2011
# 69 / 114
30: sch-scripts
31: sch-scripts
2011
# 70 / 114
8.4.
.
1 Helpdesk (http://helpdesk.sch.gr)
.
IP
.
.
/
:
http//ts.sch.gr/index.php?searchword=++++
%2F&calfrom=&caltoy=&ordering=&searchphrase=exact&limit=0&areas[0]=docman&Itemid=102&opt
ion=com_search
32: sch-scripts:
2011
# 71 / 114
9. (
) Ubuntu
(.list) schscripts
.
Ubuntu LTSP.
schscripts .
9.1.
(http://ts.sch.gr/repo)
(sources) .
sch-scripts.
-
(
). - :
nipiagogeio
dimotiko ..
dimotiko-extra
gymnasio ..
gymnasio-extra
lykeio
lykeio-extra
tee
: "" -extra
4GB.
2011
# 72 / 114
33:
2011
# 73 / 114
9.2.
ubuntu-restricted-extras
MP3
, Microsoft [ Microsoft
Windows], Adobe Flash Plugin Firefox, LAME
, DVD.
H & sch-scripts
koina.list. 6.5
7.2.4 fat clients thin clients fat
clients
9.3.
Wine
Wine (http://www.winehq.org/)
Microsoft Windows Linux. ,
Microsoft Office, Photoshop DreamWeaver,
Linux.
Wine
wine-el
wine
. Synaptic.
wine, wine-el
wine-el.
Wine Windows
~/.wine/drive_c .
Windows,
Wine .
login Wine.
H & sch-scripts
koina.list. 6.5
7.2.4 fat clients thin clients fat
clients
9.4.
DNS Server
sch-scripts dnsmasq
DNS server .
9.5.
adblock plus
# 74 / 114
firefox,
server - .
,
http://adblockplus.org/en/faq_install#global.
9.6.
Virtual Box
Virtual Box
( MS-Windows)
Ubuntu.
H sch-scripts.
6.5 7.2.4
fat clients thin clients fat clients virtualbox-ose
koina.list.
:
1. Virtual Box .
2. New
3.
.
4. RAM
.
5. .
next . Dynamically expanding storage
. ( windows xp 5gb
).
6. Finish .
2011
# 75 / 114
9.7.
H sch-scripts koina.list.
6.5 7.2.4
fat clients thin clients fat clients.
# 76 / 114
9.8.
KolourPaint
H sch-scripts dimotiko.list.
6.5 7.2.5
- fat clients thin clients
fat clients.
35: kolourpaint
2011
# 77 / 114
9.9.
Kturtle
kturtle, '
Logo KDE :
36: kturtle
H sch-scripts dimotiko.list.
6.5 7.2.5
- fat clients thin clients
fat clients.
9.10.
Scratch
, kturtle scratch:
H sch-scripts koina.list.
6.5 7.2.4
fat clients thin clients fat clients.
2011
# 78 / 114
37: scratch
9.11.
kde-edu
kalgebra: MathML 2 3
kalzium:
kanagram:
kbruch:
khangman:
kig:
kmplot:
kpercentage: ()
kstars:
ktouch:
kturtle: Logo
marble:
2011
# 79 / 114
step:
H sch-scripts dimotika.list.
6.5 7.2.5
- fat clients thin clients
fat clients.
9.12.
Gcompris
Gompris
(10) .
H sch-scripts dimotika.list.
6.5 7.2.5
- fat clients thin clients
fat clients.
9.13.
ktuberling
ktuberling
.
H sch-scripts dimotika.list.
6.5 7.2.5
- fat clients thin clients
fat clients.
9.14.
tuxmath
tuxmath
H sch-scripts dimotika.list.
6.5 7.2.5
- fat clients thin clients
fat clients.
9.15.
tuxpaint
tuxpaint
.
.
H sch-scripts dimotika.list.
6.5 7.2.5
- fat clients thin clients
fat clients.
9.16.
tuxtype
tuxtype
2011
# 80 / 114
2011
# 81 / 114
10.
LTSP
( )
.
BIOS
CD-ROM (. ).
.
PXE
Intel
diskless clients, , CD
.
,
gPXE,
PXE ,
, CD .
10.1.
ROM (PXE)
, BIOS
Network boot
, .
3 BIOS:
(enable onboard LAN), boot ROM (enable boot ROM),
(boot priority).
2011
# 82 / 114
10.2.
10.2.1.
PXE
MS-Windows (ltsp-loader)
ltsp loader
MS-Windows Boot from
Network.
2011
# 83 / 114
40: ltsp_loader
10.2.2.
Ubuntu (grub-gpxe)
Ubuntu (>= 9.10) gpxe-grub,
( 2.4.1),
:
sudo apt-get install gpxe-grub
10.2.3.
Windows Ubuntu,
gPXE , , CD USB stick.
gPXE, server
gpxe
( 2.4.1), :
sudo apt-get install gpxe
2011
# 84 / 114
CDROM: /usr/share/gpxe/gpxe.iso
: /usr/share/gpxe/gpxe.dsk
, gpxe server,
http://rom-o-matic.net/.
1.0 gPXE, ROM-o-matic.net for gPXE 1.0.0.
1.0.1 gPXE , 1.0.0.
Get Image.
1. CD
gpxe.iso CD-ROM
CD . Ubuntu
/usr/share/gpxe/gpxe.iso ,
.
41: gPXE: CD
2011
# 85 / 114
Linux:
dd if=/usr/share/gpxe/gpxe.dsk of=/dev/fd0
Windows: dd (freeware)
3. USB
, Ubuntu USB stick
:
dd if=/usr/share/gpxe/gpxe.usb of=/dev/sdX
2011
# 86 / 114
# 87 / 114
2011
# 88 / 114
12.
, ,
, ,
.
12.1.
Squid
12.2.
Clamav
Gnu/Linux ,
,
.
,
USB sticks Windows .
Synaptic clamav-daemon clamtk.
T virus definitions , real time scanning (
mail scanning). ,
Virus Scanner:
43: ClamAV
2011
# 89 / 114
, .
12.3.
Firefox
Firefox
gksu gedit /etc/firefox/pref/user.js
/ :
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Firefox .
//
// /etc/firefox/pref/user.js.
//
// -
//
// .
//
// lockPref() .
//
// user_pref()
//
// .
//
// firefox.//
// /,
//
// Ubuntu ( 9.04), //
// , :
//
// http://kb.mozillazine.org/Locking_preferences
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
try {
///////////////////////
// //
///////////////////////
// Firefox:
//
0 =
// *1 =
//
3 =
//lockPref("browser.startup.page", 1);
// :
//lockPref("browser.startup.homepage", "chrome://ubufox/content/startpage.html");
// :
// [v]
//lockPref("browser.download.manager.showWhenStarting", true);
// [ ]
//lockPref("browser.download.manager.closeWhenDone", false);
// (*) -
//lockPref("browser.download.useDownloadDir", true);
//lockPref("browser.download.dir", "~/ ");
//lockPref("browser.download.lastDir", "~/ ");
//lockPref("browser.download.folderList", 2);
// ( )
//lockPref("browser.download.useDownloadDir", false);
////////////////////////
// //
////////////////////////
// :
// ( )
//lockPref("browser.link.open_external", 2);
//lockPref("browser.link.open_newwindow", 2);
2011
# 90 / 114
~/.mozilla/firefox/user.profile/mimeTypes.rdf
Firefox,
//lockPref("plugin.disable_full_page_plugin_for_types", "audio/x-ms-wma,application/pdf");
////////////////////////
// //
////////////////////////
// [v] [90]
// "browser.history_expire_days", 0
2011
# 91 / 114
2011
# 92 / 114
//lockPref("accessibility.blockautorefresh", false);
// [ ]
//lockPref("general.autoScroll", false);
// [ ]
//lockPref("general.smoothScroll", true);
// [v]
// 0 =
// 1 =
//lockPref("layout.spellcheckDefault", 1);
// [ ] Firefox
//lockPref("browser.shell.checkDefaultBrowser", false);
/////////////////////////////////////////////
// -> //
/////////////////////////////////////////////
// Firefox -> ...
//
// 0 = ( )
// 4 = ( )
// 5 = (*)
// 1 = ( )
// 2 = ( ) URL :
//lockPref("network.proxy.type", 5);
// HTTP:
//lockPref("network.proxy.http", "");
// :
//lockPref("network.proxy.http_port", 0);
// SSL:
//lockPref("network.proxy.ssl", "");
// :
//lockPref("network.proxy.ssl_port", 0);
// FTP:
//lockPref("network.proxy.ftp", "");
// :
//lockPref("network.proxy.ftp_port", 0);
// Gopher:
//lockPref("network.proxy.gopher", "");
// :
//lockPref("network.proxy.gopher_port", 0);
// SOCKS:
//lockPref("network.proxy.socks", "");
// :
//lockPref("network.proxy.socks_port", 0);
// ( ) Socks v4 (*) Socks v5
// 4 = v4
// 5 = v5
//lockPref("network.proxy.socks_version", 5);
// :
//lockPref("network.proxy.no_proxies_on", "localhost, 127.0.0.1");
// URL :
//lockPref("network.proxy.autoconfig_url", "");
2011
# 93 / 114
12.4.
(gconf-editor)
(panels),
Linux Windows,
. ,
sudo su student1 -c 'gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/panel'
student1
,
sudo su student2 -c 'gconftool-2 --type string \
2011
# 94 / 114
student2 .
gnome,
. Alt+F2
gconf-editor
Windows:
gnome Windows
.
, .
() .
:
gksu gconf-editor
background.
( ).
/desktop/gnome/background .
2011
# 95 / 114
Enter .
, .
.
,
,
. ,
.
,
synaptic sabayon pessulus,
.
12.5.
,
.
,
.
.
44:
,
server.
gnome-screensaver-command -lock
.
.
2011
# 96 / 114
12.6.
,
,
,
:
,
,
.
12.7.
:
sudo rsync -av /home/ /media/anotherpartition/homebackup/
homebackup,
anotherpartition.
.
2011
# 97 / 114
/tmp/home.tar.gz DVD.
12.8.
,
(partition) ,
. gparted,
:
gksu gparted
.
.
live CD, desktop edition
CD Ubuntu system rescue CD (http://www.sysresccd.org).
CD DVD,
tar .
2011
# 98 / 114
13.
, .
13.1.
hostnames
(hostname) IP
, IP=10.160.31.135 ltsp135.
pc01, pc02 .
hostnames, IP.
IP
, hostnames,
.
sch-scripts .
sch-scripts,
,
.
pc05.
,
MAC .
lts.conf
lts.conf,
:
[00:1C:C4:8D:11:05]
HOSTNAME=pc05
pc05.
sch-scripts, server hostnames thin
clients, `ping pc05`. fat clients,
avahi server , `ping
pc05.local`.
13.2.
IP
IP
DHCP. , , DHCP server
router.
IP , PXELinux
.
, MAC address ,
( PXE gPXE), , ,
server
2011
# 99 / 114
, ,
/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-1b-24-89-65-d6
01- Ethernet,
-00-1b-24-89-65-d6 MAC address.
, :
DEFAULT vmlinuz ro initrd=initrd.img
ip=10.160.31.101:10.160.31.10:10.160.31.1:255.255.255.0:client101:eth0:none
IP IP server, ,
, DNS , ,
none DHCP.
kernel, acpi=force.
ping clients, IP hostnames
/etc/hosts.
13.3.
server
switch,
, Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) Switch
( hub 100 Mbps switch 10
Mbps ),
. '
bonding: 1 - 3
, 2 - 4
switch,
200 - 400 Mbps .
bonding
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/Trunking.
server,
IP subnets (..
192.168.1.254),
, , switch,
, crossover .
2011
# 100 / 114
13.4.
:
lshw
lspci
lsusb
lshal
lspcmcia
hwinfo
ltsp-build-client:
ltsp-build-client --extra-help
:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
.iso CD:
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=./CDImage.iso
.iso :
sudo mount -o loop cdimage.iso directory
:
sudo umount directory
ssh key (The RSA host key for <server> has changed):
ssh-keygen -R <server>
:
Alt+Ctrl+PrtSc+REISUB
2011
# 101 / 114
14.
.
. ;
(helpdesk) http://helpdesk.sch.gr/ticketnew_user.php?category_id=5017.
sch-scripts,
launchpad: https://bugs.launchpad.net/sch-scripts.
,
.
X Windows,
login.
XSERVER=vesa lts.conf
.
sudo gedit /var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.cfg/default
sch-scripts,
, .
root.
.
gparted clients partitions;
(. ) '
gparted.
RAM .
# 102 / 114
IP server /etc/dnsmasq.d/ltsp.conf.
(. 7.2.3 dnsmasq).
, http://etherboot.anadex.de/,
gPXE.
gPXE .
1.0 gPXE .
DHCP server .
DHCP ( Windows
) DHCP server router
Helpdesk .
/var/lib/tftpboot/ltsp/i386/pxelinux.cfg/default,
IPAPPEND 3.
USB stick CD .
(users-admin),
group fuse.
thin / fat clients;
2011
# 103 / 114
lspci -k lsmod
module (driver) .
module atl1c
.
.
echo atl1c | sudo tee -a /opt/ltsp/i386/etc/initramfs-tools/modules
sudo chroot /opt/ltsp/i386/ update-initramfs -u
sudo chroot /opt/ltsp/i386/ /usr/share/ltsp/update-kernels
sudo ltsp-update-kernels
atl1c module
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/AddingModules.
fat clients atheros login,
2011
# 104 / 114
15. Windows
Ubuntu
,
Synaptic.
Microsoft Windows
Ubuntu
Microsoft Word
OpenOffice.org Writer
OpenOffice.org
Microsoft Excel
OpenOffice.org Calc
OpenOffice.org
Microsoft PowerPoint
OpenOffice.org Impress
OpenOffice.org
Microsoft Access
OpenOffice.org Base
OpenOffice.org Database
Microsoft Publisher
Microsoft Visio
Dia
Microsoft Paint
Microsoft Outlook
Scribus
Scribus
KolourPaint
KolourPaint
Evolution
Firefox
Pidgin
Microsoft NetMeeting
Ekiga
Ekiga
tsclient
Totem
CyberLink PowerDVD
&
Totem
2011
# 105 / 114
Gimp
Kino
& Kino
Finale
Denemo
Cdex, Nero
Sound Juicer
Brasero
Evince
File Roller
Windows / Linux:
http://www.ellak.gr/index.php?
option=com_openwiki&Itemid=103&id=ellak:pinakas_2008_2009
http://wiki.linuxquestions.org/wiki/Linux_software_equivalent_to_Windows_software
http://www.libervis.com/wiki/index.php?title=Table_of_Equivalent_Software
http://www.linuxalt.com/
http://www.linuxrsp.ru/win-lin-soft/table-eng.html
2011
# 106 / 114
16.
Edubuntu Handbook. ,
, :
http://doc.ubuntu.com/edubuntu/edubuntu/handbook/C/
Ubuntu
http://ubuntu-manual.org/?lang=el
:
http://ts.sch.gr
launchpad:
https://launchpad.net/~ts.sch.gr
launchpad:
https://launchpad.net/~ts.sch.gr/+archive/ppa
:
http://ts.sch.gr/repo
&
http://helpdesk.sch.gr
Linux/LTSP :
http://users.sch.gr/alkisg/tosteki/index.php?board=67.0
Linux:
https://launchpad.net/~linux.sch.gr
Ubuntu :
http://ubuntu-gr.org/ http://www.ubuntu-gr.org/webchat
(IRC) LTSP:
irc://irc.freenode.net#ltsp
Wiki sch-scripts
http://wiki.ubuntu-gr.org/sch-scripts
Linux:
http://www.linux.gr
Ubuntu :
http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/releasenotes/
2011
# 107 / 114
Edubuntu:
http://www.edubuntu.org/Documentation
Grub HowTo:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GrubHowto
LTSP:
https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/ltsp-discuss
2011
# 108 / 114
17.
CCPL
( )
CREATIVE COMMONS CORPORATION ( CCPL
). /
. ,
.
H .
,
.
1.
. ()
, , ,
, , ()
, ( ),
,
,
. ,
(),
() .
. ,
, () ,
1() ,
, , ,
.
, ,
, .
( ) .
.
, ,
.
.
: , -, .
. ,
.
( ) , ,
,
,
,
.
. (i) , , , , ,
2011
# 109 / 114
2011
# 110 / 114
2011
# 111 / 114
2011
# 112 / 114
2011
# 113 / 114
2011
# 114 / 114