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Fire Detection & Alarm System
Fire Detection & Alarm System
dangers of a hostile fire. Summon organized assistance to initiate or assist in fire control activities. Initiate automatic fire control & suppression systems & to sound alarm. Supervise fire control & suppression systems to assure operational status is maintained Initiate auxiliary functions involving environmental, utility & process controls
Input Devices
Control Panel
Output Devices
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Input Devices
Fire Box (Manual Pull Station)
When shorted trips an alarm (usually fire) Installed in the normal exit path
Input Devices FIRE DETECTORS 3.1) Heat detectors 1. fixed temp type heat detector 2. rate-of-rise type heat detector 3.2) Smoke detectors 1. Photoelectric 2. Ionization 3.3) Flame detectors 1. Ultraviolet light (UV) 2. Infrared (IR) 3.4) Fire-gas detectors
Heat Detectors
Smoke Detector
Detect heat by one or more of 3 primary principles of physics: Expansion of heated material Melting of heated material Changes in resistance of heated material
Operate on the principle that the temperature in a room will increase faster from fire than from atmospheric temperature Will initiate an alarm when the rise in temp. exceeds 12-15F (7-8C) per minute Alarm can be initiated at a temp. far below that required for a fixedtemp. device
Reliable devices, not subject to false activations But if not properly installed, they can be activated under non fire
conditions (eg. detector located too close to doorway and subject to extreme fluctuations in temperatures)
Pneumatic rate-of-rise spot detector Pneumatic rate-of-rise line detector Thermoelectric detector
Uses a photocell coupled with a specific light source. Basically smoke entering the smoke detector chamber disrupts the light beam causing an alarm signal to be initiated
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Invisible products of combustion enter the chamber decreasing the current between the ve & +ve plates, thereby initiating an alarm signal.
smoldering fires
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Fire-gas detectors
Monitors levels of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (common to all fires)
Combination detectors
Single device can be designed to have more than 1 function eg. heat/smoke, smoke/carbon monoxide detectors
Different combination make the detectors more versatile and more responsive to fire conditions
PLANT AREA
Main control room, Computer room, Electronic cubicle room and control rooms in outlying areas. Switchgear rooms in main Plant and outlying areas, battery charger room, record and shift-in-charge engineers room Office rooms / storage rooms
TYPE OF DETECTORS
Combination of -
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Battery rooms and chemically Corrosion resistant, Rate of rise of temperature heat corrosive areas. detector with fixed temperature setting. Cable gallery Combination of Optical type smoke detectors and Linear heat sensor running above all HV and LV power cable trays. Unless the vertical distance between cable tray is less than 500 mm in which case alternate trays (in addition to the top and bottom trays). The optical smoke detector and LHS detectors along with necessary number of interface units in the cable gallery will be cross zoned to actuate the water spray system Infrared flame detectors (where oil tanks are located), spray 14 tanks rate of rise of temp. detector with fixed element
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Coal Conveyors
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Dusty areas in coal handling plants like crusher house Junction towers
Analogue Linear heat sensor cable, infra red spark / ember detectors and manual call points. If water spray system is provided the LHS cable and IR detector will be cross zoned to actuate the same Flame proof manual call points
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Conveyor tunnels
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Hazardous plant areas such Flame proof rate of rise of temperature detector with fixed as fuel oil / lube oil, DG element and flame proof MCP houses, H2 generating plants and hydrogen storage areas.
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Output Devices
the alarm system has been activated Devices may be mounted inside or outside based on level of protection required May consist of:
Sirens Bells Buzzers Horns Voice Drivers
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Output Devices
the alarm system if activated Visual devices may be mounted inside or outside May consist of...
Strobe lights LEDs
35 to 40 sq.m per detector for general application. 20 to 25 sq.m per detector for main control room, electronic cubicle room, computer room, etc., in view of high valve concentration
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Conventional fire sensors and manual call points shall provide for continuous
surveillance the area. Main fire alarm panel shall derive signals from the zone indicating panels and audible and visual annunciation shall be provided in the event of fire.
Repeater panel shall be located in security house / fire station to alert fire
fighting / security personnel. Fire detectors shall be selected depending on the type of fire expected in a particular area.
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All the fire alarm circuits shall be of modular design using electronic printed card circuits to facilitate easy replacement. The system design shall be such that operation / resetting of alarms for one zone / detector will not block availability of alarm for any other zone. the alarm / system resetting shall be by common push button and not by individual switches for different zones / detectors.
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Processor(CPU) Adequate number of loop modules for detector loops A coloured VDU monitor with keyboard
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detectors.
Discrimination between a real fire and false fire conditions by incorporating signal verification and other features. Individual detector addressing capability. Detection of over / under sensitive detectors and automatic calibration by increasing or decreasing their sensitivity levels based on environmental conditions like air movement, fumes, humidity, etc.
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The Contractor shall be solely responsible for obtaining the required approval and clearance for the different components and systems of the fire detection and alarm system from the following authorities as applicable.
A. Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) of the Insurance Association of India. B. Dept. of Atomic Energy (DAE) Certification of safety from radioactivity. C. Central Building Research Institute (CBRL), Roorkee D. Central Mining Research Station (CMRS), Dhanbad. E. Local Fire Authority.
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Code of practice for selection, installation & maintenance of automatic fire alarm & detection system-IS-2189,BS-5839 PART1,ANSI-NFPA-72,FOC RULES
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