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Network Definition
www.kutub.info
& 2#$
-. / 01
&'( *!+ #$%!
Network Definition
www.kutub.info
& 2#$
-. / 01
&'( *!+ #$%!
.
.
.
:
*
*
*
*
*
Communications
Transportation
Social
Biological
Utilities
" "
.
.
Computer Resources
) Peripheral (
.
:
-1
.
3
-2
.
-3
.. .
.
Protocol
.
.
.
:
-1 ,
.
-2 Adapter
Network
. Interface Card
Servers
. Clients
.
( Network Operating System ) NOS
Windows NT & Windows 2000
.
4
(Local Area Network) LAN
LAN ,
.
LAN
:
-1 Twisted pair cable
). (Shielded or Unshielded
-2 . Coaxial cable
-3 . Optic Cable Fiber
-4 . Wireless transmission media
Metropolitan ) MAN
(Area Networks
LAN
20 100 .
LAN
(Wide Area Networks ) WAN
.
:
-1 : e-mail
.
-2 : Scheduling
5
...
-3 : Groupware
.
/
Peer-to-Peer Networks &
Server-Client Networks
/
Peer-to-Peer Networks & Server-Client Networks
-1-2 : Peer-to-Peer Networks
.
: LAN
Server
.
. Workgroup
.
.
:
-1 .
-2
.
-3 .
-4
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
-4
8
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
:
Windows 3.11 for Workgroup -1
Windows 95 -2
Windows 98 -3
Windows Me -4
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation -5
Windows NT 4.0 Server -6
Windows 2000 Professional -7
Windows 2000 Server -8
Windows NT & Windows 2000
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
(Remote Access Service) RAS .
-4 Win 9x
10
Windows NT Server & Windows 2000 Server
:
-1 Mail Server .
-2 Fax Server .
-3 Communication Server
Server Directory Services
) Domain ( Windows
.
-4 / . Internet Intranet
-5 File and Print Server
.
-6 Application Servers
.
.
Microsoft LAN Manager
MS-DOS , UNIX , OS/2
.
Windows NT Server :
-1 (Symmetric Multi Processing ) SMP
Processor
.
-2 ).( PowerPC , Digital Alpha AXP , Intel , MIPS , RISC
-3 .Services Directory Architecture
-4 EB 1) Exabyte 16 260 (.
11
-5 .EB 16
-6 .
Windows NT Workstation . Win9x
/
.Combination Network
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 Processing Activity .
:
-1 10 .
-2 .
-3 .
.
/
RAM
.
12
Networks Classification
. )(. - .
13
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-1 :
:
-1 . LAN
-2 . MAN
-3 . WAN
-1-1 : LAN
.
Campus
:
LAN
.
14
: - - -
, ...
.
(
)
:
.Ethernet . Token ring .( Fiber Distributed Data Interface ) FDDI .Gigabit Ethernet .( Asynchronous Transfer Mode ) ATM :
) ( Segments
Ethernet
Switch
Layer2
VLANs
Ethernet
Token Ring
Pass Token
.
.
Backbone
Gigabit
Ethernet
1000Mbps Ethernet
.
LAN WAN
ATM
) ( Email
.
15
-2-1 : MAN
LAN
.
LAN MAN
.
-3-1 : WAN
WAN .
. WAN
LAN MAN
.
.
WAN
.
WAN
.
:
: Enterprise Network
.
: Global Network
.
: Internet Network
LAN WAN MAN
,
.
) ( Router
) ( MANs & LANs
.
16
2 ) ( :
.
.
Network Topology
Topology
Physical Layout . Design
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 . Cable Connectors
:
-1 .Bus
-2 . Star
-3 .Ring
-4 .Mesh
-5 .Tree
-1-2 : Bus
Bus
) ( Segment
: Linear Bus
17
.
:
-1 ).( Signal
-2 ) .( Signal Bounce
-3 ) .( The Terminator
Signals
.
Bus
Collision
Bus :
-1 ) Hardwar
.( Capabilities
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
. :
18
FCD ?>
GHI>JKD
JKLM>N?O
.
Terminator .
:
Terminator
.
:
-1 .
-2
.
.Network being down
Bus
19
.
:
-1 .Barrel Connector
-2 .Repeater
Barrel Connector
:
TU>V WHX
.
Repeater
.
:
PQRO
20
Bus
. .
-2-2 : Network star
Star
Hub Concentrator
Central Point Wiring Center
.
:
Hub
Hub
.
.
.
Star
.
.
:
21
. Star-Bus-1
Star-Ring -2
. Linear Bus Segments
.
.
Star Ring Ring . :
22
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
.
-3-2 :Ring networks
:
.
Token
Passing Token .
:Token Passing
Free
Token
Token .
23
Free Token
.
Token Passing
:
* .
* ) ( .
Bus
) Token Ring (
Token Ring
.
Token Ring IBM IEEE
. LAN
: . :
24
-4-2 :Mesh
,
.
.
. :
-5-2 :Tree
.
:
) (
.
.
25
-3 :
:
-1 .General network
-2 . Special network
-3 .Additional network
-1-3 :
)
( .
. .
-2-3 :
.
.
.
.
-3-3 :
.
.
26
OSI
OSI Reference Model
OSI
: Physical layer
: Data link layer
: Network layer
: Transport layer
: Session layer
: Presentation layer
: Application layer
27
OSI
OSI Reference Model
.
International Organization for ) ISO
( Standardization . ISO
) ( Interoperability
OSI ) OSI
( reference model 1984
)
(
) The Basic Reference Model for Open
( Systems Interconnecting
:
OSI
.
:
- 1 . Reduces complexity
- 2 . Standardizes interfaces
- 3 Ensure interoperable
. technology
- 4 )
28
( . Facilitate modular engineering
- 5 . Accelerate evolution
- 6 . Simplifies teaching and learning
-1-4 : OSI
OSI :
-1 The physical layer
-2 The data link layer
-3 The network layer
-4 The transport layer
-5 The session layer
-6 The presentation layer
-7 The application layer
.
:
Network Transport Data-Link
.Physical
.
.
.
.
OSI
Interface
. :
) ( . :
29
Peer-to-Peer Communications
.
:
Physical
Encapsulation
OSI Physical
De-Encapsulation
.
30
OSI
Data
. Protocol stack
.
OSI
. OSI ) ( Packets
Operate
.
31
:
Layer 1:Physical Layer
, .
ISO " " 1 .
.
Bit Stream
.
...
-1-1-4 : Cables
:
-1 .Baseband
-2 .Broadband
Baseband systems
Bandwidth
.Baseband
.
attenuation
Baseband Repeaters
.
Broadband systems Analog
.
Broadband unidirectional
:
-1 dual-cable
.
32
-2
midsplit
.
:
Broadband .amplifiers
Cable TV . .
-1-1-1-4 :
:
-1 .Coaxial Cable
-2 .Twisted Pair
-3 .Optic Fiber
:
. Cable cost
. Usable cable length
. Transmission rate
. Flexibility
. Susceptibility interference
Preferred uses
33
1.2
10Base5
) (
185
500 .
34
:
50 -1 RG-8 ) RG-11 (.
50 -2 RG-58 .
75 -3 RG-59 .
93 -4 RG-62 .ARC net
( British Naval Connectors ) BNC BNC
:
. BNC cable connector -1
. BNC T connector -2
. BNC barrel connector -3
. BNC terminator -4 :
:
.( Poly-Vinyl Chloride ) PVC -1
.Plenum -2
PVC
.
plenum
plenum
.
plenum .PVC
:
-1 .
35
-2 .
-3 .
-2. Shielded :
36
The Electronic ) EIA/TIA
(Industries Association and the Telecommunications Industries Association
UTP :
Category -1 .
Category -2 4 .
Category -3 10 .
Category -4 16 .
Category -5 100 .
UTP
:
Shielding
(STP) Shielded-twisted pair
.
STP UTP :
-1 .
-2 .
.
-3
TP
:
-1 .
-2 .
RJ-45 :
37
Core
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 100
200000 .
-4
.
.
.
.
:
38
-1 .
-2 .
Interfaces .
:
Fiber Optic Cable Single
Mode
.
Fiber Optic Cable Multimode
.
Fiber Optic Cable Multimode Graded Index
:
:
(1 : Transmitters
) . LED ( Light Emitting Diode ) . ILD ( Injection Laser Diode (2 : Receivers
.PIN . APD ) ( :
(1 ST connector .
39
(2 SC connector .
:
20MHz
1GHz
100GHz
)(
8 m
50 60m
1.5 5m
> 160 m
100 120m
15 50m
:
10Mbps
2Km
10 Base FL
10Mbps
2Km
10 Base FB
100-1000Mbps
2.5Km
10 Base FX
-2 -1-4 :
-1-2-1-4 ):(Crossover Cables
UTP Ethernet
.
-2-2-1-4 ): (loopback
) (loopback
RJ-45
40
.
.
-3-2-1-4 :
UTP . )
, (
.
)
.(Fox & Hound
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.UTP
(
)
.
UTP .
.
UTP .
.
41
.
.
.
-4-2-1-4 :
) ( WIRE MAP TESTER
UTP .
.
.
) (Split pair
.
. UTP
.
42
. .
.
.
-52-1-4 :
)(Multifunction cable tester
.
:
1 ):( Length
Time Domain Reflectometry
) (TDR .
) Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP
) ( .
.
-2 ):( Attenuation
) (.
-3 ): Near end crosstalk (NEXT
)
(
.
-4 : Power Sum NEXT (PSNEXT) NEXT
.
Gigabit Ethernet .
43
-5 Equal level far end crosstalk
): (ELFEXT
.
-6 : Power sum LEFEXT (PSELFEXT)ELFEXT
.
7 ): (Propagation Delay
.
-8 ): (Delay Skew
.
UTP .
-9 ):(Return Loss
)impedance
( .
.
.
.
.
.
.
44
-3-1-4 : Wireless
Wireless LAN
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
.
. Hybrid
:
-1
.
-2 .
-3 .
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
.
Transceiver
Transceiver
.
Transceiver
.
:
-1 single-frequency radio
45
. Narrow-Band High-Frequency Radio
-2 . spread-spectrum radio
-3 . infrared
.
.
Transceiver .
single-frequency radio
Radio Frequency (RF) Range
GHz
.
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
)(
.
.
Watt.
1 10
.
46
.
.
spread-spectrum radio
.
.
:
-1 .Sequence Modulation Direct
-2 .Frequency Hopping
.
.chips
.
Frequency Hopping
.
.
.
.
2 6
.
47
.
) (.
:
-1 .
-2 .
( Light Emitting Diode ) LED
.( Injection Laser Diode ) ILD
.
.
100 300
.
.
.
:
-1 .Point Point to
-2 .Broadcast
-3 .Reflective
.
48
.
.
16
.
.
. Scatter Infrared Networks
.
1
.
Reflective
Transceiver
.
. .
-4-1-4 :
-1-4-1-4 : Modem
.
) Modems
MOdulator ( DEModulator
.
.
49
:
.
.
.
:
Internal -1 .
External -2 . RS-232
RJ-11
:
Dial-up network lines -1 .
leased lines -2 .
56 .
24
64 45 .
Baud
28.800
115.200 .
The International Telecommunications
) Union (ITU
V :
) 1_ V.22bis 2400 bps ( Bit Per Second
2_ V.32 9600 bps
3_ V.32 bis 14.400 bps
50
4_ V.32terbo 19.000 bps
5_ V.34 28.800 bps
6_ V.34 bis 33.600 bps
7_ V.90 57.000 bps
:
-1 asynchronous
-2 . synchronous
Star Bit Stop Bit
Parity Bit
.
33.400
115.200 .
:
Channel Speed -1
.
Throughput -2
.
.
Frames
51
.
:
-1 ). Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC
-2 ). High-level Data Link Control (HDLC
-3 Protocol ( Bisync ) Binary Synchronous
Communications
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
.
-2-4-1-4 : Repeaters
Token Ring
Access Method
.
Broadcast
Storm
.
52
Hub
. :
-3-4-1-4- : Transceiver
:
Adapter (Attachment Unit Interface) AUI . RJ-45
)( Converter RJ-45 ST .
.
53
54
Data link layer
-1-2-4 : Layer Specification
) (Data link
. ) (
.
.
.
:
-
) ( hubs
.
Ethernet
Token Ring Fiber ) FDDI
.( Distributed Data Interface
:
) (. .( Media Access Control ) MAC . :
: :
55
frame
.
Ethernet Token Ring
12 ) 6 Byte (
. MAC
( Media Access Control Address ) Address
OSI Destination Address
Source Address :
.
.
.
.
Cyclical ) CRC
( Redundancy Check
.
56
.
.
: OSI
.
frame
. datagram packet
. OSI
: :
.
) ( MAC .
.
) ( WANs
) Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP -
) Point To Point Protocol (PPP .
802 Data-Link :
57
( Logical Link Control ) LLC -1 .
( Media Access Control ) MAC -2 .
LLC MAC OSI
:
-1 .LAN
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
LLC .
LLC :
-1 Connectionless
.
-2 Connection-Oriented
.
-3 Acknowledged Connectionless
.
MAC :
-1 .
-2
.
-3 LLC .
-4
MAC Address
ROM .( BIA) Burned-In-Address
-5 .
MAC Error-Detecting
Frame-Check Sequence
58
OSI .
MAC )
(Connection-Oriented :
-1 Request .
-2 .Indication
-3 Response
.
-4 .Confirmation
Connectionless .
Devices :
.( Network Interface Card ) NIC .Switch - .Bridge
-2-2-4 :
-1-2-2-4 : NIC
-1-1-2-2-4 :
Network Adapter Cards
:
-1 )Network Interface Card (NIC
-2 LAN Card ,LAN
-3 LAN Interface Card , LAN
-4LAN Adapter, LAN
. :
59
Expansion Slot
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 ,
.
, unique IEEE
MAC
( Media Access Control Address) Address 48
ROM , 24
24 ,
, .
HARDWARE FIRMWARE
, SOFTWARE ROM
.
60
,
, , Parallel
Serial Transmission
) .( Half- Duplex
_
. Transceiver
:
1 .
2 .
3 .
4 .
.
, RAM
, . Buffering
.
.
:
1 .
61
2 .
3 .
4 .
5 . Overflow
6 .
.
:
1 .
2
.
3 .
-2-1-2 :
.
62
.
.
:
: ( Industry Standard Architecture ) ISA 1
ISA 8 16 . 8 Mbps
: ( Micro Channel Architecture ) MCA 2
16 32 ISA
.
: ( Extended Industry Standard Architecture) EISA 3
32 33 Mbps
. ISA
: ( Peripheral Component Interconnect ) PCI 4
32 .132 Mbps
PCMCIA 5
.RJ-45:
) Plug and Play
(
( :
63
1 : Interrupt
.
) Interrupt Request ( IRQ
.
IRQ5 IRQ3
.
2 / ):(Base I/O Port Address
.
Port
Base I/O Port .
:
310 to 31F , 300 to 30F .
3 ) :( DMA Channel
.
4 ) : ( Base Memory Address
RAM
D8000 D800
.
5- ) : ( Transceiver
:
. On-Board BNC 1
. On-Board RJ-45 2
. On-Board AUI 3
Combo
Card ) Jumpers
( NIC
.
64
-3-1-2-2-4 :
.
:
: :
:
/ : Programmed I/O
.
/ I/O Address
.
.
.
: Shared Adapter Memory
RAM
.
) : Direct Memory Access ( DMA
:
: DMA Controller
.
: .
.
: Bus Mastering
Parallel Tasking
65
DMA
.
20 70
.
EISA,MCA PCI . Bus Mastering
: : Driver Software
Network Card Driver
.
.
: :
32
16 .
: :
)(Bottle Neck
:
Ram Buffer
.
.
:
1 : RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computing
.
2 : CISC Complex Instruction Set Computing
.
66
RISC CISC
RISC . CISC
-4-1- 2-2-4 :
Wireless LAN
.
:
1 .
2
:
1 .
2 Wireless Concentrator
Transceiver
:
. Radio Waves
- . Microwaves
- . Infrared
-5-1-2-2-4 : Terminals
:
1 .
2 .
3 .
Remote-Boot PROM
.
67
22-2-4 : Switch
) ( HUB
( .
Data Link layer OSI
.
.
:
Micro Segmenting
.
VLANs VLAN
) .
( .
68
Layer2
) MAC (Media Access Control Address
MAC .
:
) . ( Cut-through
). ( Store-and-forward
.
.
/
. ) ( matrix switching
). ( crossbar switching
) .( Latency
) ( store-and-forward
. :
) ( shared-memory switch
) (buffer
) ( Bus architecture switch
.
69
) . Cyclical Redundancy Check ( CRC
) ( runts ) ( giant ) . ( jabber
.
: LAN
-1
.
-2 VLAN
.
-3 ATM Fast
. Ethernet
-4 VLANs Segment
.
-5
. :
10 Base T Ethernet
100 Base T Ethernet
1000 Base T Ethernet
Fiber based Fast Ethernet
Token Ring
CDDI / FDDI
...
70
-32-2-4 : Bridge
:
_1 .
Hub
_2
:
-1 .
-2 .
:
-1 802.3
.
-2 .
71
-3 .
-4 Ethernet Token Ring
:
) (
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
IPX TCP/IP . OSI
.
:
-1
.
72
-2 .
:
-1 . Local
-2 .Remote
:
. :
) ( MAC Address
.
. Bridge Learning
Routing Table
73
.
:
: :
-1
.
-2
) ( .
:
.
.
:
-1 Backbone :
74
-2 Cascade :
-3 Star :
:
.
.
75
:
Multiport Bridge
.
:
.
Broadcast Storm . :
:
-1 .
76
-2
.
)Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA
Automatically .
:
.
) ( Bridge Id :
2 2 bytes for Priority
6 6 bytes for MAC address MAC
Port ) ( Port Id .
:
-1 : Root Port
. Bridge Id Priority MAC address
.
-2 Root port ) (
)
( .
-3 Designated bridge . designated port
Designated bridge designated port
,
,
) . ( Root port
-4
designated port stand by
) , ( Blocked ports
.
77
-5 ,
)
(.
: STP
) CBPDU (Configuration Bridge Protocol Data Unit
78
Network Layer
-1-3-4 : Layer Specification
)
(
. LAN
Packets
.
.
.
( IP ) Internet Protocol ) ( TCP/ IP
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet protocol /
. Novell NetWare
) Inter-network Packet Exchange ( IPX
) NetBIOS Extended User Interface ( NetBEUI
Net BIOS Microsoft Windows.
) . ( IP
.
:
: Addressing
.
79
.
: Network Layer Addresses
.
) ( hierarchical address
logical address virtual address
.
) / (
.
) (
/ .
Internet
TCP/ IP )
. ( IP
IP
.
:
: Static Network manager
.
: Dynamic
.
Resolution :
: ( ARP) Address Resolution Protocol
.
A
80
) B A B ( A ARP
Request ) ( Broadcasting
B
B MAC
. Address
(
A B ) C
C A B
Reply A
MAC Address ) ( C A C
. B
) : Reverse Address Resolution Protocol ( RARP
.
Diskless computers
) (
RARP Request
RARP RARP Reply
.
IP .
IP 32 Bit .
. unique
IPX
MAC Address .
NetBEUI NetBIOS
.
: Fragmenting
.
Token Ring 4500 Bytes
81
Ethernet . 1500 Bytes
Token Ring Ethernet
1500 Bytes
. Fragmenting
.
.
.
:Routing
.
.
.
) ( Internetwork
) . ( Routers
:
) . ( End Systems
) . ( Intermediate systems
.
OSI
:
82
.
) ( .
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
83
-2-3-4 :
12-3-4 : Router
Router
.
:
) ( Filtering .
.
Broadcast
Messages
.
.
.
(
) TCP/IP
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
84
MAC
.
Routing Algorithms
:
-1 ) RIP ( Routing Information Protocol
-2 ) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First
-3 NLSP ( NetWare Link Services Protocol ) Netware
RIP Distance-Vector
Algorithms
) Hops (
1 2 .
)
( .
.
30 ways
) ( .
OSPF Link-State
.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
85
OSPF TCP/IP
:
-1 Hops
-2
-3 .
-4
NLSP Link-State IPX
Link-State
. Distance-Vector
: Routing Protocol:
Update routing massage
) metric hops count cost . ( time
:
. ( OSPF ) Open Shortest Path First
. ( RIP) Routing Information Protocol
.( EGP ) Exterior Gateway Protocol
.( IGP ) Interior Gateway Protocol
:Routing Protocols
.
:
( IP ) Internet Protocol Transmission
... DECnet , XNS , IPX , Apple Talk ( TCP) Control Protocol
.
.
.
:
86
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
Broadcast Messages
. Broadcast Storms
:
Static
Dynamic
:
.
.
.
:
.
:
.
87
. Storm Broadcast
.
:
-1 20 .
-2 .TCP/IP
-3 LAN .WAN
Brouter
Multiprotocol Router
.
Brouter :
-1
-2 .
-3 .
22-3-4 : Gateway
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
NT
IBM
.
88
:
.
.
:
:
" " Router
TCP/IP
" . " Gateway TCP/IP Microsoft
Windows
.
.
:
:
:
: .
) (.
89
Transport Layer
.
TCP/IP TCP
IP .
.
TCP ) .User Datagram Protocol ( UDP
IPX
NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) NetWare
) . Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX
. ) ( Connection-oriented
.
. TCP
) ( Three-way Handshake .
.
) (Packet Acknowledgment
) (Data Segmentation ) ( Flow Control .
.
) . ( Reliable
.
.
.
90
TCP/IP TCP 20 Byte UPD
8 Byte .
) ( Connectionless
.
. ) ( UDP
) ( Transactions ) ( requests
) . (responses .
TCP UDP
.
.
91
The Session Layer
OSI.
Presentation
. Application
.
22 .
) ( Dialogs Control ) . ( Dialogs Separation
) . ( Dialog
.
Two-Way ) TWA
( Alternate . ( Two-Way Simultaneous ) TWS
TWA
.
TWS
.
) ( Checkpoints
. TWA
.TWS
92
Presentation Layer
) ( Syntax .
.
.
) ( Abstract Syntax
.
) ( Transfer syntax .
.
93
Application Layer
OSI
.
( Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ) SMTP
.
( File Transfer Protocol ) FTP
.
.
.
: OSI
Cloud :
94
<=>?@A< CDEA F=GHIJ H=MNO
LAN Standards & technology
95
LAN Standards & technology
: Ethernet -1-5
Ethernet LAN Architecture
Xeror . IEEE
. Networking Standard 802.3
.
)Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD
.
.
:
96
10
100 . 1
. Bus Star-
.Bus
Basebend Signaling
. Broadband Signaling
Ethernet Network
Controller
. Controller
. :
:
). 10 BaseT (Twisted-Pair
). 10 Base2 (Thin Coaxial
). 10 Base5 (Thick Coaxial
). 10 BaseF (Fiber Optic
Gigabit Ethernet
1024
Bridges . Routers .
97
.10-Base-2
Bps .
Baseband
.Broadband
100
.Segment
10Base2 10
Baseband
200.
10BaseT 10BaseF
. 10BaseT T Twisted F 10BaseF Fiber
Optic .
Frame
64 1518 18 46
1500 . :
98
:
-1 Preamble Section
.
-2 Source and Destination Section
.
-3 Type Section IP
. IPX
-4 Cyclical Redundancy
Check (CRC) Section
.
.TCP/IP
Bridge Router Segment
. .
:
-1 .
-2 High Bandwidth
Applications .
99
:
.Windows me Windows 98 Windows 95 -1
. Windows NT Server Windows NT Workstation -2
.Windows 2000 -3
.(Professional , Advanced Server Server -4
.Windows for Workgroup -5
.Microsoft LAN Manager -6
.Novell Netware -7
.IBM LAN Server -8
.Appel Share -9
:
.IEEE 802.3
CSMA/CD .
:
10Base2,10Base5,10BaseF,10BaseT,Gigabit Ethernet
.
.
-1-1-5 : 10BaseT
10BaseT 10
Baseband
Twisted pair )(
.Twisted pair
) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP 3 4 5
) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP
.
10BaseT Star
.Bus
:
100
10BaseT
Hub
Bus
.CSMA/CD
10BaseT :
10BaseT Transceiver -1 ) (Transmitter-Receiver
.
-2 . Wiring Hub
-3 .Repeaters
-4 .RJ-45 Connectors
Multiport Repeater .
Twisted Pair RJ-45 Connectors
.
.
Transceiver )Attachment Unit (AUI
Interface Controller
.
10BaseT Transceiver
.
Segment 10BaseT 100
2.5.
10BaseT
.
Thick Coaxial
Twisted Pair 10BaseT :
Thick Coaxial 10BaseT Tansceiver
.Twisted Pair :
101
-2-1-5 : 10Base2
10Base2 1985 10
Baseband
Bus Thin
.Coaxial 10Base2 200
185 200
185 30 . 10Base2
:
-1 (10Base2 Transceiver) 10Base2
.
-2 . Thin Coaxial
-3 .Tconnectors
-4 ).BNC Barrel Connectors(50Ohm
-5 ).BNC Termination (50Ohm
-6 .Repeaters
10Base2 :
: BNC
Barrel Connectors .
: T
.Tconnectors
102
: T Ethernet Controller
. :
: Segment
T
BNC Terminator
10Base2.
10Base2 10Base5
.10Base5
1024
1000 925.
10Base2 Segment
. :
3-4-5 Rule 5-4-3
103
-3-1-5 : 10Base5
10Base5 10 Baseband
Bus Thick
Coaxial
.
Segment 100 .
2.5
. Reflection
500 .
2.5
. .
104
10Base :
.
-1 Transceiver
-2 - .Transceiver Cable
-3 .50-ohm Terminator
-4 .
-5 .Wiring Hub
-6 .Barrel Connectors
-7 .Coring Tool
Transceiver Cable 9 9-pin
Ribbon DB-15 Connector
.Controller :
10Base5 Trasceiver
.Transceiver Cable :
105
Transceiver Cable Transciever
. Transceiver
Coring Tool
.Transceiver .
In-Line Connector .Transceiver
.
106
-1
) Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI
.
-2 10BaseT .10Base2
10Base2
.
-4-1-5 :10BaseF
10BaseF Fiber Optic
2
.
10BaseF Electro-
).Magnetic Interference (EMI
10BaseF:
-1 .Fiber Optic Cable
-2 ).Fiber Optic Transceiver (FOT
-1
Sub Miniature Assembly (SMA) Connectors Straight Tip
).(ST
:
-1 .Single Mode
-2 .Multimode
.LAN
Twisted Pair Fiber Optic Transceiver
) (FOT
. :
107
Repeater
FOT
Bridge .Router
FOT ) Sub Miniature Assembl Connector (SMA
. :
10BaseF :
.10BaseFL-Fiber Link-1
.10BaseFB-Fiber Backbone-2
10BaeFP-Passive Fiber-3
10BaseFL Repeaters
Segment 2 .
10BaseFL FOT Repeaters
Hubs .
10BaseFL .
108
10BaseFB
Repeaters.
Transceiver .Repeaters
10BaseFB Repeaters
Segment 2.
10BaseFP
Passive Hub Transceivers
Repeaters Network Adapter Cards
Transceiver 500.
Hubs
.
109
.100Base VG -2
.VG -3
.AnyLAN -4
100BaseVG(Voice Grade)Any LAN Star
34 5 Twisted Pair .
.
) 100BaseX Ethernet (Fast Ethernet 5 UTP
STP . CSMA/CD
.StarBus
) 100BaseX Ethernet (Fast Ethernet :
100BaseT4 -1 4 34 5 .UTP
100BaseTX -2 5 UTP .STP
100BaseFX -3 .
IEEE 802.3 ) Baseband ( Broadband
Broadband
.Coaxial
Broadband 10Broad36
Baseband Baseband
Broadband
. Radio-Frequency Modem :
110
Broadband
.
10Broad36 Bandwidth ) (
18 6 MHZ 10Broad 36
3 .
300-400MHZ
Community Antenna Television (CATV) Coaxal Cable
.
Broadband :
-1 CATV
.LAN
-2 LAN
.
111
:
-1 > .50M
-2> .100M
GIGABIT ETHERNET
FIBER OPTIC BACKBONE COAX
) JUMBER Thicknet ( .
FIBEROPTIC COAX "
Gigabit Ethernet
UTP5 )UTP5E(Enhanced
) UTP6 ( UTP STP
. :
112
113
114
Token Ring
.
Frame:
.1 Start Delimiter .
.2 Access Control
Token .
.3 Frame Control
) Media Access Control (MAC Logical Link Control
) (LLC .
.4 Destination Address
.
.5 Source Address
.
.6 Information Data
.
.7 Frame Check Sequence
3 4 5 6
.
.8 End Delimiter .
.10 Frame Status
.
.
Token Ring
Hub
-.
115
IBM Token Ring IBM
( Multistation Access Unit ) MAU
Twisted Pair 255.
Token Ring :
-1 .STP
-2 4 6 .
-3 .Baseband
Token Ring Token
Token
.
:
)( .
Token .
Token Ring
:
-1 Phase Lobe Test
.
-2
Token
.
-3 Duplicate Address
Test
116
.
-4
) Nearest Active Upstream Neighbor (NAUN
)( Token Ring
.
-5
Ring
117
Token Ring :
1 ) connectors Media interface (MIC
. :
118
119
300 32 Segment
.
:
. 8pin DIN Din
). Din 25pin (DB25
).RJ-11 (Telephone Jack
). Din 9Pin (DB9
:MAC
SCSI Port -1 .1
ADB Port -2 .2
Modem Port -3 .3
Printer Port -4 . 4
LocalTalk CSMA/CA
.
120
LocalTalk PhoneNET Farallon
communications
254.
AppleShare File Server Software Apple Talk
Apple
.AppleShare Print Server
LocalTalk
Zone
.Zone Name LocalTalk
. Token Ring
LocalTalk .
LocalTalk Zones
.
Apple AppleTalk :
IBM PC-1 .
.IBM Mainframes-2
.Digital Equipment Corporation VAX-3
-4 .UNIX
EtherTalk .Mac
Mac .EtherTalk
EtherTalk 10 Coaxial Thick and
Thin EtherTalk Mac . EtherTalk
.AppleTalk Phase2
TokenTalk Mac Token Ring
TokenTalk .AppleTalk Phase2
AppleTalk
:
-1
.
-2 .
121
-3
.
AppleTalk
:
-1 ) Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP
.
-2 ) Name Binding Protocol (NMP
Distributed Database
Names Directory
.Numerical Addresses
-3 ) Zone Information Protocol (ZIP
.
-4 :AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP): AppleTalk
.
:Apple Talk Session Protocol (ASP) :AppleTalk
-5
.
-6 :Printer Access Protocol (AFP):
.
-7 :Apple Talk Filing Protocol : AppleTalk
.
-8 Apple Talk Data Stream Protocol AppleTalk :
) :(ADSP .
-9 )( Apple Talk Echo Protocol : AppleTalk
):(AEP
PING
.
122
: ARCnet -2-5-5
) Attached Resource Computer Network (ARCnet
.
ARCnet Datapoint Corporation .1977
ARCnet .1983
ARCnet Token Passing Bus Star
.Bus
) Source Identifier (SID
) Next Identifier(NID
.
Token ARCNet
) Invitation To Transmit (ITT :
ITT
(Free Buffer Enquiry) FBE
ACK
Acknowledgment Frame
(Negative Acknowledgment
Frame) NAK .
ACK
ACK
ITT .
ARCnet :
- 1 .
- 2 .
508 - 3 ARCNet ARCnet Plus
4096 .
ARCnet Plus 20 .
123
ARCNet 93ohm RG-62 A/U
Coaxial Cable UTP .
BNC
610 305 .
UTP RJ-11 RJ-45 244
.
124
<AVWD @A< IJHYA@?>=< A HCDEA T=@UO
Designing Switched LAN Internetworks
125
-1-6 :
. Hubs Routers
Data Centers .
-
.
,Switches :
.
.
, Standardizing
, ) ,(LANE ATM
.
126
,ATM
.
-2-6 :
, ,
, .
:
-1-2-6 :LAN Switching Technology
:Ethernet .VLANs .
:Token Ring .Token Ring Token Ring .
:(Copper Distributed Data Interface) CDDI ,( single-attachment station) SAS
,(dual-attachment station) DAS
,CAT5 Rj-45 100 .
Fiber Distributed Data ) FDDI :(Interface ,
.
-2-2-6 :ATM
. ATM
.
-3-2-6 :
.
,
.
: Internetwork
.
127
-3-6 :
:
, .
.
,
.
, .
, Fast Ethernet
.ATM
Segmanting
.
LAN ,Microsegmantation
,
. 10 100 1000 .
Token Ring 16\4 .
. ,
.
. ) (
.
:
HUBs , .
.
128
10BaseT 10/100BaseT , 100BaseT Ethernet ,
, , CDDI/FDDI,Token Ring ,
). ATM LAN Emulation(LANE
-4-6 :
.
.
.
, :
. . .
) ,(Scalability .
-
) (RMON .
129
LAN WAN .
VLANs .
. .
, , ,
.
.
-5-6 :
:
. . . .
-1-5-6 :
.
ATM ,LAN .router
-1-1-5-6 :ATM Switches
,
ATM .
LANs .WANs ) Quality of Service ( QOS
,-Bandwidth on demand
.
ATM .ATM
ATM .
ATM ,Cell ATM
:
130
. . .ATM . . (switched virtual circuit) SVC .(permanent virtual circuit or connection) PVC
, ATM
:
.(Workgroup ATM switches) ATM .(Campus ATM switches) ATM .(Enterprise ATM switches) ATM ).(Multiservice access switches .ATM
131
ATM :
ATM ATM desktop
, ATM
ATM QoS .
ATM ATM
) ATM .( LAN ATM
.VLANs
.
ATM .
.
ATM:
.Enterprise
) .(high-end multiprotocol routers ATM
ATM ATM , .LANs
,ATM
.
, Platform
ATM.
:
- ATM -
.
,Frame Relay
MAN ) WAN
,LAN ATM( .ATM
ATM
, .
132
-2-1-5-6 :LAN
)
( Token Ring ) 100 1000 /
,FDDI 155 ( ATM
.
LAN , .
,
100/10 16 , Token Ring
:
LAN
, MAC
, .
" "A " "1 " "B " ,"2
LAN " "1 " ,"2 ""3
"."B
" "C " "3 " "D " "4
, " "1 " ,"2 ""3
"."4
LAN MAC
) , (
133
, ) (
.Flooding
,
. LAN
Flat .
) ( .
LAN ) VLANs (
.
-3-1-5-6 :
LAN
. LAN
) ( HUB ,
) , ATM ATM
( .
LAN WAN . ,
,
, .
-2-5-6 :
.
: ,LAN ,ATM
.
, :
) (Topology . . . - , , , .
134
Cisco ) Cisco IOS
135
136
.
OSI
, ,
, , , .
IEEE : ,MAC
,LLC .
10
. D C B A 100 VLANs .E
10 6 8 A 2 VLANs 20 . B
1 A 1 3 . B
VLANs ,
.
. VLAN
, .
VLAN
VLAN .
-3-5-6 :
.
,
.
LANs Hub
.Router , ,
.
.
137
-6-6 :
, :
. Cisco ATM . Cisco LAN .Cisco -1-6-6 :Cisco ATM
) (LightStream 1010 ATM
.
ATM .IOS
LightStream 1010 ) (Slots
)dual, load-sharing, hot-
.(swappable power supplies 5 ,
) ,(nonblocking 65,536 ATM
) . (shared ATM cell buffers.
( (slots ,
. ATM
,
UTP-5 155 Mbps
.OC-12
LightStream 1010
. LAN
Packet
, , TCP/IP
.IPX ABR (Available
) Bit Rate ATM , LightStream 1010
.
- ,(Private network-network interface) PNNI
.
138
LightStream 1010 .
, )( ,
ATM .
,ATM LANs ,
.
SNMP CiscoView
) (GUI AtmDirector Cisco ) ATM
, (Works .
Cisco IOS LightStream 1010
.
, LightStream 1010 BOOTP, DHCP,
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) ,Telnet .
Cisco IOS
Terminal Access Controller Access ) TACACS
(Control System ,
.
LightStream 1010
.
Cisco/StrataCom BPX/AXIS ATM
9.6-Gbps
.
Cisco/Stata com IGX ATM 1.2 Gbps WAN
. ATM
-2-6-6 : Cisco LANs
Catalyst
.
cost-effectiveness
, ,
139
. LAN
.VLANs
.
.
140
:Catalyst
141
-3-6-6 :CISCO
:
142
-7-6 :
-1-7-6 :
:
:
. :
.
.
. .
:
:
,
.
:
.
.
:
.
:
143
:
)(core
)(distribution
)(access
.
.
,
.
.
.
,:
.
.
/ .
.VLAN
.
.
.
.
.
.
. :
.
.
.MAC
).(Microsegmentation
144
) (wide-area Frame Relay ISDN .
) (
, .
.
.
.
:
)(.
.
:
.
.
.
,
)( .
.CPU Overload
145
FDDI .
.
-2-7-6 :
.
) (campus :
. .QoS . . . :
. . . . . QoS. . . . .
(Internet Group IGMP
) Management Protocol
.
CISCO
.(Cisco Group Management Protocol ) CGMP
, ,
CGMP
146
.multicast Bridging
.
.
CISCO
.VLAN
:
: %100
.
CMSA/CD
.
VLANs
VLAN
. VLAN
.
.
VLANs : VLAN VLAN
80% .VLAN
: VLAN
.
:
.
. :
.
/ .
/.
147
-1-2-7-6 :
.
.
.
VLANs . VLANs
VLAN VLAN
.
-2-2-7-6 / :
/ ATM
LAN ATM/LAN .
.
148
LAN Spanning-Tree
.
/ .
VLANs VLAN ) .(inter-VLAN
.
/ VLANs
.VLAN 80%
VLAN ) (intra-VLAN 20%
VLAN VLAN .
VLAN 20%
.
-3-2-7-6 /:
/ ,
. :
149
/ .
.
.80/20
VLAN ,
.
150
ZC[=\ H]^ZJ W`a bcWJ
Introduction to Cisco Routers Configuration
151
Router Configuration
-1-7 :
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-2-7 :
-1 :
-2 : .ROM-RAM-Non Volatile RAM-Flash Memory:
ROM , RAM
RAM , Flash
, NVRAM .
-3 : ,
, Ethernet0
.
,
. Serial5/0
, 7507
.
7500 ) (VIP
Port Adapter Ethernet 4/0/1
. 4
-4 ) (:Control Port
) (RS-232
RJ45 ). DB25F(Female
152
:
-5 : .
-6 : :
):(Running Configuration )( RAM ,
.
(: (Startup Configuration NVRAM ,
.
-6 : , IP
Apple Talk .
. RAM
-3-7 :
, 2520
, ,T1
,1.544 Mbps Ethernet
.LAN 10 Mbps
153
:
. . . . . : , , )(
. .RFC 1035
63 .
: , T1 .Ethernet LAN 10 Mbps
,
, )( )(. , Ethernet0 &Serial1
. Ethernet0&Serial0
-4-7 :
:,.
154
- : ,
. ,
.
:
UNIX .TCP/IP Novell Net Ware .IPX Apple Macintoshes . Apple Talk - :
. :
). IP Routing Information Protocol (RIP .IPX RIP ).AppleTalk Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP IPX IPX RIP ,
.
-5-7 :
, .
: IP IP, ,
. .
:IPX IPX, IPX.
, .
:Apple Talk . , .
: ,
, .
:
155
AppleTalk
Cable Range
AppleTalk
Zone Name
IPX
Network
IP Address
Router
Interface
Ethernet0
Serial1
Twilight
WAN
Headquarters
Ethernet0
WAN
Serial0
-1 ) .(itsasecret
-2 )(enableme
-3 )(letmein
-6-7 :
-1 : RJ45 .DB25F
-2 :
, .
-7-7 :
-1 .
: ,
POST
. Flash :
System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE
Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems
2500 processor with 6144 Kbytes of main memory
Notice: NVRAM invalid, possibly due to write erase.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
156
. NVRAM
. Flash Bootstrap : -2
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
,
.NVRAM , ,
: -8-7
. NVRAM
.
. Enter
:
. . . . ...
157
-1-8-7 - :
,
, , , .
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
--- System Configuration Dialog --At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes]: yes
,
> <Ctrl-C
.
,
,
:
: ,
>.<setup
: .
,
. Enter
Yes , Y No .N
:
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]: yes
Any interface listed with OK? value "NO" does not have a valid configuration
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
BRI0 unassigned NO unset up down
BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset down down
BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset down down
Ethernet0 unassigned NO unset up down
Serial0 unassigned NO unset down down
Serial1 unassigned NO unset down down
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
158
Serial2 unassigned NO unset down down
Serial3 unassigned NO unset down down
12.
13.
,
, .
-2-8-7- :
, ,.
:
1.
2.
3.
,
.
.
, :
The enable secret is a one-way cryptographic secret used
instead of the enable password when it exists.
Enter enable secret: itsasecret
The enable password is used when there is no enable secret
and when using older software and some boot images.
Enter enable password: enableme
Enter virtual terminal password: letmein
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
,
.
, .
) (VTY Telnet .
,
:
Configure SNMP Network Management? [yes]: no
1.
159
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
, ,
.
: - -3-8-7
. ,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
160
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
,
, ,
, , ,
.
: - -4-8-7
: ,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
161
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
!
isdn switch-type none
!
interface BRI0
shutdown
no ip address
!
interface Ethernet0
no shutdown
ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
appletalk cable-range 100-109
appletalk zone Twilight
ipx network AC100A00
!
interface Serial0
shutdown
no ip address
!
interface Serial1
no shutdown
ip address 172.16.11.1 255.255.255.0
appletalk cable-range 1001-1001
appletalk zone WAN
ipx network AC100B00
!
interface Serial2
shutdown
no ip address
!
interface Serial3
shutdown
no ip address
!
router rip
network 172.16.0.0
!
end
Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes
Building configuration...
[OK]
Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this configuration.
Press RETURN to get started!
162
, 57
, ,
.Startup Configuration NVRAM
. configure 60
================================================================
.
:
: - -1-8-7
--- System Configuration Dialog --1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.
Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes]: yes
First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]: yes
Any interface listed with OK? value "NO" does not have a valid configuration
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
BRI0 unassigned NO unset up down
BRI0:1 unassigned YES unset down down
BRI0:2 unassigned YES unset down down
Ethernet0 unassigned NO unset up up
Serial0 unassigned NO unset up down
Serial1 unassigned NO unset down down
Serial2 unassigned NO unset up down
Serial3 unassigned NO unset down down
: - -2-8-7
Configuring global parameters:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
163
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
: - -3-8-7
Configuring interface parameters:
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930-
164
3132333435-
: - -4-8-7
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041-
hostname
enable secret 5 $1$LKJD$eQwhzhNEr4LsUFCwrJ8eG0
enable password enableme
line vty 0 4
password letmein
no snmp-server
!
appletalk routing
no decnet routing
ip routing
no clns routing
ipx routing
no vines routing
no xns routing
no apollo routing
no bridge 1
!
isdn switch-type none
!
interface BRI0
shutdown
no ip address
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0
appletalk cable-range 200-209
appletalk zone Headquarters
ipx network AC101400
!
interface Serial0
ip address 172.16.11.2 255.255.255.0
appletalk cable-range 1001-1001
appletalk zone WAN
ipx network AC100B00
!
interface Serial1
shutdown
no ip address
!
interface Serial2
shutdown
165
no ip address
!
interface Serial3
shutdown
no ip address
!
router rip
network 172.16.0.0
!
end
Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes
Building configuration...
][OK
Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this configuration.
!Press RETURN to get started
424344454647484950515253545556-
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166
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{ .
-1-8 :
SHERATON
.
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.
42
.
-2-8 :
:
168
) (Switched LANs ) (Scaled Switching
, , ,
,
.
(Gigabit Ethernet) IEEE 802.3Z .112-110
:
CISCO Catalyst 6503 .
CISCO Catalyst 2948G.
.
. IBM x345
.
Racks
(Patch Panels) RJ-45
.
169
170
171
172
:
173
:
-1 ) ( Interanet .
-2 Extranet .
-3 :
(1 .Fault Management
(2 .Accounting Management
-4 .Configuration & Name Management
-5 .Performance Management
-6 .Security Management
-7 :
.Network Parameters
.Troubleshooting
SNMP
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
:
-1
) TCP / IP( Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
.
-2 SNMP .
-3
-4 SNMPV2 + SNMPV1
. SNMPV3
-5 SNMP :
(1 Managed Media
(2 Agents
(3 ) . NMS( Network Management Systems
: SNMP Agent
) ( NMS . SNMP
174
: Agent
. SNMP
:NMS
NMS .
175
Unidirectional
International Telecommunications Union
Inter-Switch Link (ISL)
Fast Ethernet
Peripheral Devices
Multifunction Cable Tester
Coring Tool
(ITU)
Signal Bounce
Signaling
Intermediate Systems
End Systems
Wireless
Chips Bit
Serial Transmission
Groupware
176
Name Binding Protocol (NMP)
NetBIOS Extended User Interface Protocol
Protocol BISYNC (Binary Synchronous
Communications)
NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
NetBIOS
NetWare
Apple Talk
Apple Talk
Apple Talk ( )
/
NetWare
AppleTalk
Apple Talk
Apple Talk
VLANs
Connectionless Protocols
E-mail
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Micro Channel Architecture (MCA)
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
177
Extended Industry Standard Architecture
(EISA)
Gateway
Baud
Propagation Delay
Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX )
Crossbar Switching
Matrix Switching
Fragmenting
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Flow Control
Dialogs Control
Logical Link Control (LLC)
Bus Mastering
Store-and-Forward
Attenuation
Crosstalk
Near end crosstalk (NEXT)
Bit Stream
Video Conferencing
Filtering
Collision
Transactions
Acknowledged Connectionless
Bridge Learning
Encapsulation
Microsegmantation
178
Data Segmentation
Cable Cost
Automatically
( )
Token Passing
Startup Configuration
Running Configuration
Routing
Standardizing
Star-Ring
External
Remote Access Service (RAS)
Cell
Distance-Vector Algorithms
Internal
179
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
Ram Buffer
Packets
Plug and Play
Split Pair
Static
Cloud
Channel Speed
Dual-Cable
Bus Network
Internetwork
( )
Global Network
Combination Network
Expansion Slot
Distributed Peer to Peer Networks
Syntax
Abstract Syntax
Transfer Syntax
Return Loss
Application Layer
180
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Physical Layer
Interrupt Request (IRQ)
Requests
Usable Cable Length
LightStream Cisco 1010 Family
Broadcast Storm
Reflective
1010
Cut-Through
Nonblocking
Bandwidth
Bandwidth on Demand
Giant
Bottle Neck
Virtual Address
Burned-In-Address (BIA)
Logical Address
Base I/O Port Address
Hierarchical Address
Shared ATM Cell Buffers
Flooding
Asynchronous
Wire Map Tester
Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC)
Error-Detecting Frame-Check Sequence
Dialogs Separation
De-Encapsulation
Connection-Oriented
/
ATM
(FCS)
181
Susceptibility
Scalability
Source and Destination Section
Linear Bus Segments
Frequency Hopping
DMA
Cables
Fiber Optic Cable Multimode
Community Antenna Television (CATV)
Coaxial Cable
Thick Coaxial Cable
Crossover Cables
Poly-Vinyl Chloride
Latency
Media Access Control (MAC)
Fiber Optic Cable Multimode Graded Index
Fiber Optic Cable Single Mode
Shared-Memory Switch
Store-and-Forward Switches
Switch
Ethernet Controller
Ethernet Network Controller
Synchronous
Domain
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
Concentrator
Wiring Hub
Wireless Concentrator
Workgroup
182
Network Topology
Hybrid Star-Ring Topology
Radio Frequency (RF) Range
Network Administrator
Data Centers
Transceiver
Transmitters
Fiber Optic Transceiver (FOT)
Flexibility
Ring Parameter Server (RPS)
Servers
Receivers
LANs Architecture
Interrupt
Preamble
(ISO)
183
Designated Port
Terminator
( )
Computer Resources
Reliable
Single-Frequency Radio
Spread-Spectrum Radio
Router
High-End Multiprotocol Routers
Modem
Radio-Frequency Modem
Hub
( )
Barrel Connector
BNC
Linear Bus
Star-Bus
Processing Activity
Baseband Signaling
Broadband Signaling
Broadband
( )
Checkpoints
Central Point
OSI
Standardizes Interfaces
Interface
Attachment Unit Interface (AUI)
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Private Network-Network Interface (PNNI)
184
BNC
Abstract Syntax
Acknowledged Connectionless
Amplifiers
Apple Talk Data Stream Protocol (ADSP)
Apple Talk
Apple Talk ( )
Apple Talk
Apple Talk
AppleTalk
Apple Talk
Application Layer
Asynchronous
( )
185
Bit Stream
BNC Barrel Connectors(50 ohm)
BNC Termination (50ohm)
Bottle Neck
Bridge
Bridge Learning
British Naval Connectors (BNC)
BNC
BNC
Broadband
( )
Broadband Signaling
Broadcast Storm
Burned-In-Address (BIA)
Bus Architecture Switch
Bus Mastering
Bus Network
Cable Cost
Cable Connectors
Cables
Campus Networks
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Cell
Central Point
Channel Speed
Checkpoints
Chips Bit
Cloud
Coaxial Cables
Collision
Combination Network
Community Antenna Television (CATV)
Coaxial Cable
Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC)
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
186
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer Resources
Concentrator
Configuration Bridge Protocol Data Unit
(CBPDU)
Connectionless Protocols
Connection-Oriented
Connection-Oriented Protocol
Control Port
Converter
Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI)
Coring Tool
Crossbar Switching
Crossover Cables
Crosstalk
Cut-Through
Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC)
Data Centers
Data Link Layer
Data Segmentation
Datagram
Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP)
De-Encapsulation
Delay Skew
Designated Bridge
Designated Port
Dialogs Control
Dialogs Separation
Distance-Vector Algorithms
Distributed Peer to Peer Networks
DMA
187
Domain
Dual-attachment station (DAS)
Dual-Cable
Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI)
E-mail
Encapsulation
End Systems
Enterprise Network
Equal Level Far End Crosstalk (ELFEXT)
Error-Detecting Frame-Check Sequence
Ethernet Controller
Ethernet Network Controller
Expansion Slot
Extended Industry Standard Architecture
(EISA)
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
External
Fast Ethernet
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Fiber Optic Cable Multimode
Fiber Optic Cable Multimode Graded Index
(FCS)
Fibers Optic
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Filtering
Flat
Flexibility
Flooding
Flow Control
Fragmenting
Frequency Hopping
Gateway
188
Giant
Global Network
Groupware
Hierarchical Address
High-End Multiprotocol Routers
High-level Data Link Control (HDLC)
( )
-
Hub
Impedance
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
Infrared
Interface
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
Intermediate Systems
Internal
(ISO)
(ITU)
Internet Network
Internetwork
( )
Interrupt
Interrupt Request (IRQ)
Inter-Switch Link (ISL)
Invitation to Transmit (ITT)
Jabber
LAN Local Area Network
LANs Architecture
Latency
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
LightStream Cisco 1010 Family
Linear Bus
1010
189
Linear Bus Segments
Logical Address
Logical Link Control (LLC)
Matrix Switching
Media Access Control (MAC)
Microsegmantation
Modem
Multifunction Cable Tester
Multiport Bridge
Multiport Repeater
Multistation Access Unit (MAU)
Name Binding Protocol (NMP)
Narrow-Band High-Frequency Radio
Near end crosstalk (NEXT)
NetBIOS Extended User Interface Protocol
NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)
NetWare Link Services Protocol (NLSP)
Network Administrator
NetBIOS
NetWare
NetWare
Network Layer
Network Topology
Networks Operating System (NOS)
Nominal Velocity of Propagation (NVP)
Nonblocking
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
OSI
Packet Acknowledgment
Packets
190
Parallel Tasking
Peer-to-Peer Networks
Peripheral Components Interconnect (PCI)
Peripheral Devices
Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC)
Physical Layer
Platform
Plug and Play
Poly-Vinyl Chloride
Preamble
Preferred Uses
Presentation Layer
Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
Private Network-Network Interface (PNNI)
Processing Activity
Processor
Propagation Delay
Protocol BISYNC (Binary Synchronous
Communications)
Protocol Stack
Quality of Service (QOS)
Radio Frequency (RF) Range
Radio-Frequency Modem
Ram Buffer
Receivers
Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)
Reflective
Reliable
Repeater
Requests
Responses
Return Loss
191
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol
(RARP)
Ring Parameter Server (RPS)
Router
Routing
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Routing Table
Running Configuration
Runts
Scalability
Scatter Infrared Networks
Scheduling
Security
Serial Transmission
Server-Client Networks
Servers
Session Layer
ATM
Shared-Memory Switch
Signal Bounce
Signaling
Single-Frequency Radio
Spread-Spectrum Radio
Standardizes Interfaces
192
Standardizing
Star-Bus
Star-Ring
Startup Configuration
Static
Store-and-Forward
Store-and-Forward Switches
Susceptibility
Switch
Switched Virtual Circuit (SVC)
Symmetric Multi Processing
Synchronous
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
Syntax
TCP/ IP (Transmission Control Protocol /
Internet Protocol)
Terminator
Thick Coaxial Cable
Three-Way Handshake
Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)
Token Passing
Transactions
Transceiver
Transfer Syntax
Transmission Rate
Transmitters
Transport Layer
Twisted Pairs Wires
Two-Way Alternate( TWA)
Two-Way Simultaneous (TWS)
Unidirectional
Unshielded Twisted Pairs (UTP)
Usable Cable Length
/
( )
193
VLANs
Wireless
Wireless Concentrator
Wiring Hub
Workgroup
194
-1
-2
1
2
6
-1-2 /
-2-2 /
-3
-1-3
-1-1-3 LAN
12
13
13
13
- 2 - 1-3 MAN
15
-3 -1-3 WAN
15
2-3 (
-1-2-3
-2-2-3
-3-2-3
16
16
20
22
-4-2-3
24
-5-2-3
24
-3-3
-1-3-3
-2-3-3
-3-3-3
-4
OSI
: OSI
-1-4 :
-1-1-4 Cables
25
25
25
25
26
27
28
31
31
31
31
195
-1-1-1-4
-2-1-1-4
-2-1-4 :
-1-2-1-4
-2-2-1-4
-3-2-1-4
-4-2-1-4
-5-2-1-4
32
33
35
37
39
39
39
40
41
42
-3-1-4
44
-4-1-4
48
-1-4-1-4
-2-4-1-4
-3-4-1-4-
-2-4
-1-2-4
: :
- 2-2-4
-1-2-2-4 NIC
48
51
52
54
54
54
56
56
58
58
-1-1-2-2-4
58
-2-1-2-2-4
61
-3-1-2-2-4
-4-1-2-2-4
-5-1-2-2-4
22-2-4 Switch
LAN
-32-2-4 Bridge
64
66
66
67
69
70
196
76
-3-4
78
-1-3-4
78
Addressing
78
Fragmenting
80
:Routing
81
-2-3-4
83
12-3-4 Router
83
22-3-4 Gateway
87
-4-4
89
-5-4
91
-6-4
92
-7-4
93
-5
94
95
Ethernet -1-5
95
-1-1-5 10BaseT
-2 -1-5 10Base2
101
-3 -1-5 10Base5
103
-4-1-5 10BaseF
106
100Mbps IEEE Standard
-2-5
99
-6
108
110
113
118
118
122
124
125
-1-6
125
-2-6
126
197
-1-2-6
-2-2-6
-3-2-6
-3-6
126
126
126
127
-4-6
128
-5-6
129
-1-5-6
-1-1-5-6 ATM
-2-1-5-6 LAN
-3-1-5-6
-2-5-6
VLANs
-3-5-6
-6-6
-1-6-6 Cisco ATM
-3-6-6 CISCO
-7
) (
-1-7
-2-7
-3-7
129
129
132
133
133
134
136
137
137
138
141
142
143
143
143
144
-4-7
145
-5-7
146
-6-7
-7-7
-8-7
-1-8-7
147
147
148
148
-2-8-7
149
-3-8-7
151
198
-4-8-7
) (
152
166
167
-1-8
167
-2-8
167
175
184
194