........................................................................................................

{0}
{1, 2}
{2, 4, 6}
{}
{ , 0}
{{1}, 9}
{{1, 2, 3},2}
{ , 0, 1, 2,
3}
{a, b, x, y, }
{a, b, c}

{1, 2, 3}
{-1, 2}
{2, 4, 6, 8}
{-1, 0, 1, 2}
{0, 1}
{ , {1}, 9}
{{1}, 2}
{}

AB
{}
{2}
{2, 4, 6 }
{}

AB
{0, 1, 2, 3}
{-1, 1, 2}
{2, 4, 6, 8}
{-1, 0, 1, 2}

A n(A)
B n(B)
1
3
2
2
3
4

{ , a, z}
{{a}, b, c, d}

n(A B) =

n(A
B)
0
1
3

n(A
B)
4
3
4

n(A) + n(B) n(A

B)
1+3-0 = 4
2+2-1 = 3
3+4-3 = 4

........................................................................................................

( )
1. n(A) = 7 , n(B) = 3 n(A B) = 2 n(A B)
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2. n(A) = 16 , n(B) = 20 n(A B) = 30 n(A B)
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3. A 15 B 12 A B 7
A B
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4. A B U U = {1, 2, 3, , 10} n(A) = 3 , n(B) = 4
n(A B) = 5 n(A B)
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7x-

2x

+5

9 xy

2 xy -

4x

xy

+23

5
3

10 x

9x

7x

2x-

+2

-4

-x

+5

21

-17

................

+9
6a
+7