Volcanoes and earthquakes are seemingly very different geological events, yet they are actually closely related

both result from movements of Earth's crust. Earth's crust the lithosphere is composed of several major plates and many minor plates that change shape and position. Over time, these tectonic plates move, interact with each other, and are responsible for the formation of ocean basins, mountain ranges, islands, volcanoes, and earthquakes. Earthquakes are common along all types of boundaries and occur all over the world; volcanoes are generally associated with divergent and convergent boundaries.

Fold mountains occur near convergent or compressional plate boundaries. Examples of fold mountains include the Alps, Rockies, Andes and Himalayas

The formation of fold mountains 1. Where an area of sea separates two plates, sediments settle on the sea floor in depressions called geosynclines. These sediments gradually become compressed into sedimentary rock. 2. When the two plates move towards each other again, the layers of sedimentary rock on the sea floor become crumpled and folded. 3. Eventually the sedimentary rock appears above sea level as a range of fold mountains. Where the rocks are folded upwards, they are called anticlines. Where the rocks are folded downwards, they are called synclines. Severely folded and faulted rocks are called nappes

Fold mountains are formed from the collision of continental tectonic plates. Since neither plate subducts under the other, the colliding plates wrinkle and fold like a rug being pushed into a wall.