Bi tp ha 10 nng cao

Trng THPT Trn Quang Diu

I. Ton v cc loi ht
1. Hn hp hai ng v c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 40,08. hai ng v ny c s n hn km nhau l 2. ng v c s khi nh hn chim 96%, cn li l % cc nguyn t c s khi ln hn. Xc nh s khi ca mi ng v? 2. Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 95, trong s ht khng mang in bng 0,5833 s ht mang in. Tm s ht p, n, e v s khi ca R? 3. C 3 ng v ca nguyn t X, m tng s ht trong 3 nguyn t ng v l 75. Trong ng v 1, s p bng s n, ng v 2 c s n km thua ng v 3 l 1. a. Xc nh s khi ca mi ng v? b. Trong X, s nguyn t ca cc ng v th nht, 2, 3 ln lt theo t l 115:3:2. Tm khi lng mol trung bnh ca X? 4. Nguyn t X c s ht khng mang in bng 53,125 s ht mang in v tng ht l 49. Nguyn t Y c s ht mang in ln hn s ht khng mang in l 8 v s ht khng mang in bng 52,63% s khi. Tm s p,n, nguyn t khi v xc nh X, Y? 5. Hp cht c dng AB3, tng s ht p trong phn t l 40, trong thnh phn ht nhn A cng nh B u c s ht p bng s ht n. A thuc chu k 3 ca bng HTTH. Xc nh tn gi ca A, B? 6. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 34. Trong o, hat mang ien nhieu hn hat khong mang ien la 10. a. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng HTTH? b. Vit p iu ch trc tip X? 7. Cho hp cht XY2 tha mn: - Tng s ht p ca hp cht bng 32. - Hiu s ca X v Y bng 8 ht. - X v Y u c s p = s n trong nguyn t. Xc nh nguyn t X, Y v suy ra hp cht XY2? 8. Mt nguyn t kim loi M chim 52,94% v khi lng trong oxit cao nht ca n. a. Xc nh M? b. Cho 20,4g oxit ca M tan hon ton trong 246,6 gam dung dch 17,86% ca hp cht vi hidro v phi kim X thuc nhm VIIA, to thnh dung dch A. Gi tn X? Tnh C% ca dd A?

II. Ton tm tn cc cht da vo bng HTTH:

1. Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C, D c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 3, 11, 12, 13. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH v sp xp chng theo chiu tnh kim loi tng dn? 2. Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C, D c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 6, 9, 14, 17. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH v sp xp chng theo chiu tnh phi kim loi tng dn? 3. Cho bit R c Z = 35. a. Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng HTTH, CT oxit cao nht, hidroxit cao nht, hp cht vi H v tnh cht ca cc hp cht ny? b. So snh tnh cht ca hp cht ca R vi cc hp cht ca 2 nguyn t trn v di R trong cng nhm. 4. Cho X (Z = 15); Y (Z = 20); M (Z = 25) Xc nh cu hnh e, v tr cc nguyn t => Tnh kim loi, phi kim, cng thc oxit cao nht v hidroxit tng ng; cng thc hp cht vi Hidro? 5. Mt nguyn t R c tng s cc ht l 48. a. Cho bit tn v xc nh v tr ca Rtrong bng HTTH? b. Vit CTHH ca oxit v hidro ng vi ha tri cao nht ca R, cho bit tnh cht ca cc cht ny? 6. Oxit ca 1 nguyn t nhm IIB cha 19,75% v khi lng. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t ? 7. Oxit ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc l R2O5. Hp cht ca nguyn t vi H c 8,82% H v khi lng. Xc nh R? 8. M thuc nhm IIIA. Trong oxit bc cao nht ca M, oxi chim 47,05% khi lng. x thuc nhm VIA, trong oxit bc cao nht, X chim 40% v khi lng. Xc nh tn ca nguyn t M v X. Vit CTPT ca cc oxit trn?
GV: L Th Kim Cc Trang 1

Bi tp ha 10 nng cao

Trng THPT Trn Quang Diu

9. Trong oxit bc cao nht ca R (thuc nhm A) Oxi chim 56,338% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca oxit trn? 10. Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc R2O5. Hp cht ca n vi hidro l 1 cht c thnh phn khi lng l 82,35%R v 17,65% H. Tm nguyn t ? 11. Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RO3. Trong hp cht ca n vi hidro c 5,88% H v khi lng. Tm nguyn t ? 12. Hp cht kh vi H ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 53,3%O. Gi tn nguyn t ? 13. Hp cht kh vi H ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH3. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 25,93%R. Gi tn nguyn t ?

III. Cu hnh electron:

1. Hp cht ion c to bi cc ion M2+ v X2-. Bit rng trong phn t MX tng s ht l 84. S n v s p trong ht nhn nguyn t M v X bng nhau. S khi ca X2- ln hn s khi ca M2+ l 8. a. Vit cu hnh e ca M2+; X2-; ? b. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH? 2. Nguyn t nguyn t X c s e mc nng lng cao nht l 4p5, t s gia s ht khng mang in v s ht mang in l 0,6429. a. Tm s in tch ht nhn, s khi ca X? b. Nguyn t nguyn t R c s notron bng 57,143% s p ca X. Khi cho R tc dng vi X th thu c hp cht RX2 c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng R phn ng. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca R v phn ng gia R vi X? 3. Nguyn t nguyn t X c s khi nh hn 36 v tng s ht c bn l 52. Tm s p, n v suy ra X? 4. Mt s nguyn t c cu hnh e nh sau: a. 1s22s22p1 b. 1s22s22p6 c. 1s22s22p63s23p5 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 d. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s e. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1 Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH. Nguyn t no l kim loi? phi kim? Kh him? 5. Vit cu hnh e cc nguyn t c s th t: 19, 35, 52, 24, 83 v cho bit v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH? Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca mi nguyn t? 6. Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l 28. a. Tnh khi lng nguyn t? b. Vit cu hnh e?

IV. Ton v cc cht ha hc:

1. Ha tan 28,4 gam 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt kh ktc v dd A. a. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dd A? b. Xc nh hai kim loi, bit chng hai chu k lin tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm II? c. Tnh % theo khi lng mi mui trong hh u? 2. em m gam hh hai kim loi kim tc dng vi HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh thot ra ktc. C cn sn phm thu c 11,7 gam mui khan. a. Tnh m? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v khi lng tng kim loi, bit chng cch nhau 1 chu k trong bng HTTH? 3. Cho 7,2 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy thot ra kh B. Cho kh B hp th ht vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 15,76g kt ta. Xc nh 2 mui cacbonat v tnh thnh phn % ca chng? 4. Cho 3,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi nc, ta thu c 1,12 lt kh ktc. Xc nh 2 kim loi v % theo khi lng ca chng trong hh? 5. Ha tan 2,84gam hh hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dd A thu c 3,17g mui khan. a. Tnh th tch kh B ktc? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi?
GV: L Th Kim Cc Trang 2

Bi tp ha 10 nng cao

Trng THPT Trn Quang Diu

6. Khi cho 3,33 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc th c 0,48g hiro thot ra. Hy cho bit tn kim loi kim ? 7. Khi cho 0,6 gam mt kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi nc th c 0,336 lt kh hidro thot ra ktc. Gi tn kim loi ? 8. Cho 2 nguyn t kim loi hai chu k lin tip v u thuc phn nhm chnh nhm IIA ca bng HTTH. Bit rng 4,4gam hh hai kim loi ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi ? 9. Ha tan hon ton 17 gam hh hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip nhau vo nc c 6,72 lt kh ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hh? 10. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hh hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dd HCl d thu c 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hh? 11. Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B lin tip nhau trong nhm IIA bng lng va dd H2SO4. Sau p thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai mui v % v k.l ca mi mui trong hh? 12. Cho 2 gam hh hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng ht vi dd H2SO4 10% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hh 2 mui khan. a. Xc nh 2 kim loi? b. Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 dng? 13. A v B l nguyn t hai chu k lin tip v thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh, B di A. Cho 8gam B tan hon ton trong 242,4g Nc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc v dd M. a. Xc nh A, B v vit cu hnh e ca hai nguyn t? b. Tnh C% ca dd M? 14. Y l hidroxit ca nguyn t M thuc nhm IA hoc IIA hoc IIIA. Cho 80g dd 50% ca Y p ht vi dd HCl ri c cn thu c 5,85 gam mui khan. Xc nh Y? 15. Mt hh X gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH c tng khi lng l 41,9 gam. Xc nh A, B v s mol ca cacbonat trong hh X bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 d v cho kh CO2 to ra p ht vi nc vi trong d ta thu c 3,5g kt ta. 16. Ha tan 7,83gam mt hh X gm 2 hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng HTTH c 1 lt dd C v 2,8 lt kh H2 thot ra ktc. Xc nh A, B v s mol A, B trong C? 17. Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k ca bng HTTH c tng s in tch ht nhn l 25. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH? 18. A v B l 2 nguyn t lin tip nhau trong cng mt chu k. Tng s p trong hai ht nhn l 49. Vit cu hnh e v xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH? 19. X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 nhm v hai chu k lin tip nhau trong bng HTTH. Tng s ht p trong 2 ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t X v Y l 30. Vit cu hnh e ca X, Y? 20. Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr II v mt phi kim ha tr I. Tng s ht trong phn t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110. Hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi l 70. T l s ht mang din ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2/7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kim trn? 21. Cho 0,345 gam mt kim loi c ha tr khng i tc dng vi nc thu c 168ml kh H2 ktc. Tm tn kim loi v v tr ca n trong bng HTTH? 22. Ha tan mt oxit kim loi ha tr II bng mt lng va dd H2SO4 10% thu c dd mui c nng 15,17%. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi ?

GV: L Th Kim Cc Trang 3