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16-TCVN 3254 An Toan Chay
16-TCVN 3254 An Toan Chay
TCVN 3254:1989
Nhm 1
TCVN 3254:1989
Duy tr nhit ca mi trng nguy him chy thp hn nhit gii hn cho php c th chy
c.
Duy tr p sut ca mi trng nguy him chy thp hn p sut gii hn cho php c th chy
c.
Gim quy m hnh thnh mi trng d chy thp hn quy m ti a cho php theo tnh cht ny.
2.2. ngn nga s hnh thnh mi trng nguy him chy phi tun theo cc quy nh v:
Nng cho php ca cc cht d chy th hi, kh hoc cc cht th bi bay l lng.
Nng cn thit ca cht km hm chy trong cc cht d chy th hi, kh hoc lng.
Nng cho php xy (O2) hoc cc cht xy ha khc trong cht kh v hn hp cht d chy.
Nhng ch s d chy ca vt cht c gii thiu trong ph lc 2 ca tiu chun ny.
2.3. ngn nga s hnh thnh ngun gy chy trong mi trng d chy phi:
C quy nh v thit k ch to, s dng vn hnh, bo qun my mc, thit b, vt liu v cc
sn phm c th l ngun gy chy trong mi trng d chy.
S dng cc thit b in ph hp vi cp nguy him v chy n ca gian, phng, nhng thit b
t bn ngoi v ph hp vi nhm, loi hn hp nguy him chy n.
S dng qu trnh cng ngh v thit b tha mn cc yu cu an ton v tia la tnh in.
C bin php chng st, ni t cho nh, cng trnh v thit b.
Quy nh nhit ln nht cho php ca b mt thit b, sn phm v vt liu khi tip xc vi
mi trng d chy.
Quy nh nng lng ln nht cho php ca tia la in trong mi trng d chy. Quy nh
nhit ln nht cho php khi t nng cc cht, vt liu v kt cu d chy.
S dng dng c khng pht ra tia la in khi lm vic vi cc cht d chy.
Loi tr s tip xc vi cc cht dn la v cc vt b nung nng vt qu nhit quy nh trong
iu 2.3 vi khng kh.
Loi tr nhng kh nng c th dn n t chy do nhit, phn ng ha hc hoc cc sinh vt t
cc cht vt liu, sn phm v kt cu cng trnh.
Cm dng ngn la trn trong mi trng d chy.
3. Nhng yu cu i vi h thng chng chy
3.1. chng chy phi thc hin cc bin php sau:
S dng ti mc cao nht cc cht v vt liu khng chy v kh chy thay cho cc cht v vt
liu d chy.
Hn ch s lng cht d chy v xp t hp l cc cht .
Cch li mi trng d chy.
Ngn nga s lan truyn ca m chy.
S dng nhng kt cu cng trnh c gii hn chu la ph hp vi cp nguy him v chy, n
ca cng trnh.
C li thot nn.
S dng cc phng tin bo v tp th v c nhn.
S dng cc phng tin cha chy
S dng h thng thot khi
S dng thit b bo chy t ng v cc phng tin bo chy khc.
T chc lc lng bo chy c s.
3.2. hn ch s lng cc cht d chy phi tun theo cc quy nh sau y:
Xc nh s lng (khi lng, th tch) cc cht v cc vt liu d chy c php cha trong
gian, phng, kho cng mt lc.
C h thng x cht lng v cht kh d chy ra khi thit b khi c s c.
Thng xuyn lm v sinh cc gian, phng, ng ng v thit b ...
Quy nh ni lm vic c s dng cht nguy him chy.
C h thng ht thu dn cc cht thi trong sn xut
TCVN 3254:1989
TCVN 3254:1989
Th
t
1
m chy
An ton chy
Cha chy
Tnh d chy
8
9
Ngun gy chy
Mi trng d chy
10
Li thot nn
11
Gii hn chi la
TCVN 3254:1989
Thut ng
nh ngha
S chy khng kim sot c gy nn thit hi v
ngi v ti sn
Tnh trng hoc tnh cht ca cng trnh, cc thit
b sn xut...m bo ngn nga s hnh thnh
m chy v hn ch hu qu do m chy gy ra
nh cc bin php t chc, cc gii php k thut
v cng ngh
Tng hp tt c cc yu cu, cc bin php v
phng tin k thut loi tr kh nng xut hin
m chy
Tng hp yu cu, cc bin php v phng tin
ngn nga,hn ch s lan to ca m
chy,ngn chn cc yu t nguy him v c hi
i vi con ngi, hn ch n mc thp nht v
ngi v ti sn.
Hot ng ca cc lc lng v cc phng tin
ngn chn s lan to ca m chy v dp tt m
chy.
Kh nng ca vt cht trong nhng iu kin tn
ti c th ca chy.
Tng hp cc bin php t chc k thut a
khi cc nh v cng trnh khi b chy ra ngoi.
Ngun nng lng dn n s chy ca vt cht
Mi trng cha hn hp cht d chy v cht xy
ho
Li dn n ca thot nn ra ngoi (TCVN 39911985)
Thi gian( tnh bng gi hoc pht) t khi bt u
th chi la theo tiu chun cc mu cho ti lc
xut hin mt trong cc trng thi gii hn ca kt
cu v cu kin (TCVN 3991-1985)
Ph lc 2
Cc ch s c bn ca cht nguy him chy
Nhng k hiu quy c c dng trong cc bng tra ca tiu chun ny:
M: Phn t lng. i vi mi cht ring bit phn t lng c xc nh ph hp vi quy c
quc t nm 1971 v ha tinh khit v ha ng dng.
i vi cc sn phm k thut v hn hp nhiu thnh phn, phn t lng ca n c xc nh
t thnh phn ha hc, hay cng thc ha hc quy c.
A,B, C : L nhng hng s ca phng trnh Antyan (1) cho bit s ph thuc gia p sut hi
bo ha ca cc cht (hn hp) vi nhit (t).
Lg P = A
P : p sut ca hi (mmHg)
t : Nhit (0C)
tbc: Nhit bng chy trong cc kn (0C).
B
t + CA
(1)
TCVN 3254:1989
d0 , t = d (1,02 - 0,000799 . t)
(2)
d0 , t
K at
(3)
Dt
T
= D0
(4)
273
T : Nhit k
n : Ch s thc nghim, gi tr ca ch s ny c nu trong ct cui cng bng 1 v 2. ct 8
ca bng 1 v 2 c cc k hiu quy c sau:
CKC : Cht khng chy - Cht khng c kh nng chy trong khng kh c thnh phn bnh
thng ;
ckc : Cht kh chy - Cht c kh nng chy khi a ngun la vo, nhng khng duy tr c s
chy khi a ngun la ra ngoi.
CC : Cht chy - Cht c kh nng tip tc chy sau khi tch b ngun la.
CCL : Cht chy lng - Cht lng c kh nng t chy sau khi tch b ngun la v c nhit
bng chy cao hn 510C (trong cc kn) hay 560C (trong cc h).
CLDC : Cht lng d chy - Cht lng c kh nng t duy tr s chy sau khi tch b ngun
la v c nhit chy khng qu 610C (trong cc kn) hay khng qu 660C (trong cc h).
CCK : Cht chy kh - Cht kh c kh nng to ra mt hn hp chy v n vo khng kh nhit
khng qu 550C.
CNN : Cht nguy him n - Cht c kh nng n hay kch n khng cn c s tham gia ca oxy
khng kh.
TCVN 3254:1989
Cng
thc ho
hc
Khong
nhit
ca gi
tr hng
s
phng
trnh
Antyan
7
Tnh d
chy,
tbo 0C
tnh
bt
chy v
nguy
him
n
8
9
o%
Th tch
Kat
Do
cm2/n
10
11
12
13
C7H14O2
C5H12
C5H12O
NH3
C6H7N
C2H4O
C2H4O
C6H6
C4H6
C6H10
C4H8
C1H8
C6H12O12
C4H10O
H2
C16H3CL
C16H34
C6H14
C6H14O
C7H16
N2H4
C3N3O3
C10H22
C4H6O
C2H6O
C3H7NO
C4H8O2
C2F2CL2
C2H4CL2
C4H11N
C4H10O
C12H26
C4H10
TCVN 3254:1989
130,0,196
70,134
88,149
17,030
93,128
44,053
26,038
78,113
54,091
58,123
56,107
56,107
116,160
74,122
2,016
62,199
226,445
86,177
102,176
100,203
32,045
92,094
142,284
70,091
46,069
73,094
88,106
120,914
98,960
73,138
74,122
170,337
58,123
7,16870
6,78568
7,18246
6,92129
7,19160
6,48898
7,00611
9,59730
6,78749
6,87024
7,27800
6,95154
8,87325
9,05259
7,39530
6,98810
7,03446
1632,425
1460,179
1267,557
1098,945
2463,739
-
1579,510
1014,290
1287,625
1457,020
1093,537
902,275
1340,743
2664,684
1655,405
1166,274
1420,273
1295,405
226,447
3074,220
1890,975
1482,985
1632,425
1640,179
1267,557
1098,945
2463,739
-
221,365
229,783
161,330
176,195
233,413
178,099
199,757
279,638
136,869
223,661
165,469
219,819
266,316
214,712
227,700
228,589
204,342
250,725
259,715
236,329
232,372
253,884
-
25147
60100
7415
35184
8020
-0+6
0100
1126
105287
-5469
56157
-6098
84112
141263
17174
25153
12101
-2483
-3359
-6035
48214
-
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CCK
CCL
CCK
CNN*
CLDC
CCK
CCK
COL
CCH
CLDC
CLDC
CCK
CCK
CCL
CLDC
CCL
CLDC
CNN*
CCL
CLDC
CLDC
CCK
CLDC
CLDC
CCK
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CCL
CCK
25
<-18
49
-73
-38
-12
29
38
128
-23
63
-4
38
198
47
<-30
58
11
12
-26
-43
77
-
1,08
1,49
1,48
1,35
1,48
2
0,0520
0,0690
0,0661
1,87
1,84
1,87
1,70
1,32
4,12
2,5
1,43
2,02
-1,799
1,81
-1,85
1,43
1,81
4,09
4,0
0,473
1,242
1,23
1,074
4,7
3,09
0,760
2,0
3,49
2,35
2,14
khng c
4,60
1,77
1,9
0,634
1,81
1,38
1,37
1,26
2
1,37
1,29
1,24
1,39
1,31
2
2
1,24
1,36
1,56
1,24
1,37
1,24
2
2
1,24
1,66
2
1,3
1,72
1,32
1,30
1,3
1,36
1,21
0,198
0,0622
0,11
0,18
0,775
0,0806
0,0606
0,0801
0,0801
0,0574
0,0681
0,66
0,104
0,0347
0,0663
0,0988
0,0609
0,167
0,08
0,0502
0,0765
0,108
0,0898
0,0758
0,0806
0,0845
0,0756
0,0772
0,0399
0,0819
1,88
1,87
1,83
1,79
1,86
1,82
1,87
1,83
1,82
1,87
1,86
1,70
1,82
1,86
1,55
1,87
1,54
1,86
1,9
1,45
1,84
1,85
1,87
1,85
1,81
1,86
1,85
2,14
1,88
1,87
TCVN 3254:1989
Izbutylen
C4H8
56,11
Ru Izbutylen
Izpentam
Izprlabenzen
Ru Izproopyl
m. Xilol
O-Xilol
n-Xilol
Mtan
C4H10O
C5H12
C9H12
C3H8O
C8H10
C8H10
C8H10
CH4
74,122
72,150
120,194
60,096
106,167
106,167
106,167
16,0426
8,70512
6,79306
6,93773
8,38562
7,00849
6,99891
6,99184
-
2058,392
1022,551
1460,668
1733,000
1461,925
1474,679
1454,328
-
452,642
233,493
207,652
232,380
215,073
213,686
215,411
-
Ru Metyl
Mtylpripuixet
Mtyletyl-xtn
Napatlen
N.Nonan
Oxt Ccbon
Oxt Etylen
H-Octan
H-Pantadecan
H-Pentan
R-Pioolin
Piridin
Propen
Piropilen
H-ru Piropilen
Sufua Hydr
Sufua Ccbon
Xtirela
Trihyr
C4H4O
C5H10O
C4H8O
C10H8
C9H20
CO
C2H4O
C8H18
C15H32
C5H12
C6H7N
C5H5N
C3H8
C3H6
32,042
86,133
72,107
128,173
128,257
28,010
44,0530
144,230
212,418
72,150
93,128
79,101
44,096
42,080
-8,22777
7,8642
1,02453
10,55455
7,05283
6,96903
6,94237
6,84715
7,30064
6,78610
-
1660,454
1870,4
1292,791
3123,337
1510,695
1379,556
1739,084
1062,555
1632,315
1217,730
-
245,818
273,2
232,340
243,569
211,502
211,896
157,545
231,805
224,787
196,342
-
C3H8O
H2
CS2
C8H8
C4H8O
C14H30
C7H8
C13H28
60,096
34,076
76,191
104,151
72,107
198,391
92,140
184,364
8,31708
7,00048
7,94049
5,99964
7,27514
6,95508
7,96895
1751,981
1202,471
2113,057
753,805
1950,497
1345,087
2468,910
225,125
245,616
272,986
175,793
190,513
219,516
250,310
2,4 Trimetylpentan
-9116
-8328
3153
-26148
-20220
-20220
13220
-1090
-17103
-4880
080
2150
-14126
92270
-5096
70-145
-19116
097
-1580
-7146
2566
76254
-30200
59236
CCK
1,78
1,31
0,0801
1,82
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CCK
28
-52
36
13
25
32
25
-
1,81
1,36
0,93
2,23
1,00
1,00
1,00
5,28
2
1,32
2
1,76
2
2
2
1,26
0,0756
0,0700
0,0615
0,0831
0,0671
0,0671
0,0671
0,196
1,87
1,86
1,87
1,92
1,87
1,88
1,87
1,76
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CC
CLDC
CCK
CNN*
CLDC
CCL
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CCK
CCK
CLDC
8
6
-6
81
31
14
115
-44
39
20
-
6,7
1,49
1,90
0,906
0,843
12,5
3,66
0,945
0,505
1,471
1,43
1,85
2,310
2,300
1,40
1,52
1,46
1,27
1,24
1,9
1,78
1,24
1,50
1,24
1,25
1,55
1,24
1,32
0,129
0,0664
0,0760
0,0622
0,0499
0,149
0,110
0,0503
0,0358
0,0729
0,0754
0,0828
0,0977
0,0962
2,08
1,86
1,86
1,89
1,57
1,72
1,83
1,77
1,90
1,83
1,88
1,87
1,80
1,82
25
-43
31
-16
103
4
90
2,43
4,0
1,33
1,06
1,78
0,542
1,25
0,585
1,58
1,45
1,56
1,32
1,94
1,45
1,4
1,40
0,085
0,141
0,0890
0,0674
0,0583
0,0370
0,0753
0,0384
1,88
1,82
1,69
1,88
1,84
1,89
1,65
1,89
CCK
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
CCL
CLDC
CCL
TCVN 3254:1989
Axitactic (cht kh
l tng)
C8H18
C2H4O2
114,230
60,052
6,8117
-
1259,150
-
221,085
-
Axt axtic
H-Undecan
Focmandehit
Phydrittalit
Flotriclometan
C3,7H7,4O3,7
C11H24
CH2O
C8H4O3
CC:3F
111,097
156,311
30,026
148,118
138,368
7,79846
7,68008
6,28480
7,99959
-
1787,752
2102,959
607,399
2879,067
-
245,908
242,574
197,626
277,501
-
Diobenzen
Cloetan
Xiclohexan
Etan
Etylaxetan
Etylbenzen
Etylen
Etylenlicol
Ru Etyl
Etylenlozen
C6H6CL
C2H5CL
C6H12
C2H6
C4H8O2
C8H10
C2H4
C2H6O2
C2H6O
C4H10O2
112,558
64,514
84,161
30,069
88,106
106,167
88,054
62,068
46,069
90,122
7,26112
6,82723
6,64788
6,99240
6,95904
9,01261
8,68665
8,74133
1607,316
954,119
1095,531
1200,297
1425,464
2753,183
1918,508
2392,56
235,351
299,554
210,064
214,262
213,345
252,009
252,125
272,15
CLDC
-
-10
-
1,0
5,5
1,31
2,0
0,0427
-
1,86
-
CLDC
CCL
CCK
-1960
CC
134285
CKC
-
38
62
153
-
3,33
0,692
7,0
1,32
Khng c
1,32
1,32
1,3
1,31
-
0,107
0,0417
0,146
0,0616
0,0603
1,90
1,88
1,81
1,87
1,83
CLDC
CCK
CLDC
CCK
CLDC
CLDC
CNN*
CCL
CLDC
CLC
28
-18
-3
24
112
13
43
1,4
3,92
1,31
3,07
2,28
1,03
3,11
4,29
3,61
2,00
1,53
1,38
1,75
1,27
1,44
1,58
1,2
2
2
2
0,0628
0,0981
0,0648
0,121
0,0733
0,0671
0,109
0,099
0,110
0,0721
2,09
1,82
1,89
1,78
1,89
1,87
1,80
1,87
1,51
1,86
-15131
0118
31197
-35132
-9012
-4581
-4377
-20220
53198
-3178
20135
TCVN 3254:1989
1
Xng A-72
Xng A- 93
Nhin liu Hzen
OCT 305-73
Xng hng khng
B70 OCT 1012-72
Nhin liu diezen
OCT 305-73
Du la thp sng
K 022 OCT 4735-68
Xilola (hn hp cht ng
phn)
Ru Unt OCT 3134-52
Du my bin th
Cng thc
tng qut
Cc hng s ca phng
trnh Antyan
A
B
MA
Tnh d tboC
chy,
tnh bt
chy v
nguy
him n
do% Kat D0
cm2/n
th
8
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
9
-96
-36
>35
10
1,08
1,06
0,61
11
2
2
2
12
0,0605
0,0615
0,0470
13
2
2
2
2
C6,391H13,108
C7,024H13,706
C12,343H23,889
3
97,2
98,2
172,3
5
682,876
664,976
1255,73
Khong
nhit
ca gi
tr hng
s
phng
trnh
Antyan
6
7
222,066 -6085
221,695 -6095
199,523 +40110
C7,627H14,796
384,195 -40110
CLDC
-34
0,92
0,0573
C14,511H29,120
192,473
CLDC
>40
0,52
0,0481
C10,914H21,832
204,260
CLDC
>40
0,64
0,0426
C7,991H9,98
220,535
CLDC
24
1,00
0,0672
C10,5H9,98
C21,74H42,28S0,04
273,15
174,010 2080
CLDC
CCL
>33 0,70 2
>150 0,291 2
0,0497
0,0312
2
2
4
5,07020
4,99831
5,95338
60240
40190
050
tch
Dung mi ho tan
315TY 6-10-1013-70
(Buylexetat) 18: Xilla-25
Toluen 25
Ru Butylen
Etyleloxol
Dung mi P-4
Dung mi P-4
(Xilola-15)
Toluen-70)
(Axeton -15)
Dung mi P-5
(H. Butylaxetat-30)
Xilon-40Axeton-30)
Dung mooi P-12
(R-Butylaxetat-30
Xilola-10 Toluen -60)
TCVN 3254:1989
164343
C22,25H33,48
S0,34H0,07
C19,04H24,58
S0,196H0,04
170376
CCL
>170 0,35
0,0335
171396
CCL
>170 0,43
0,0397
CLDC
CLDC
CLDC
6
10
4
2,79
2,85
1,72
2
2
2
0,0916
0,0970
0,0776
2
2
2
C5,962H9,799O0,845 95,0
C5,452H7,798O0,223 81,7
CLDC
CLDC
16
-9
1,25
1,60
2
2
0,0704
0,0774
2
2
C6,231H7,798O0,223 86,3
CLDC
-9
1,57
0,0725
C5,309H8,655O0,897 86,8
CLDC
-9
1,57
0,0725
C6,839H9,217O0,515 99,6
CLDC
10
1,26
0,0637
C2,761H7,147
H1,187
H5,810O1,038
C4,791H8,318
59,4
55,2
81,5
164,09
TCVN 3254:1989
TCVN 3254:1989
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