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Glycogen Glycogen synthesase and branching Enzyme UDP-glucose Presence of excess Glucose ++ the E. FED state, glucose is IN, IN-sulin works, Glycolysis, Glycogenesis, TG synthesis

G-1-P Starting point Glucose Gluocokinase Hexokinase G-6-P Mutase G-6-P dehydrogenase 6 phosphoGluconate Riboluse 5 P

Isomerase F-6-P AMP (ATP) ++ while ATP & citrate -PFK-1 F 1, 6 bP Aldolase Glyceraldhyde 3P DHAP Isomerase G3P Dehydrogenase (use NADH) Glycerol 3P Glycerol Kinase (in liver only) Glycerol NADPH Palmitic acid (16) Fatty acid synthesase Malonyl Co-A Acetyl Co-A carboxylase Malate dehydrogenase (malic enzyme) Acety Co-A Malate OAA Citrate lyaze Citrate Citrate shuttle TG

Transketolase (Thiamin dependent)

Only B1 dep. Enz in RBCS

Ribose 5 P

G3P Dehydrogenase (use NAD) 1.3 bPG PG kinase 3 PG Mutase 2 PG Enolase PEP Pyruvate kinase Pyruvate Lactate Lactate dehydrogenase Pyruvate

Pyruvate dehydrogenase Acetyl Co-A OAA Malate Citrate synthesase Citrate IsoCitrate IsoCitrate dehydrogenase Fumarate -ketoglutrate Presence of ATP & NADH inhibits, so citrate accumulate, while ATP & NADH++ Glycolysis Citrate

Succinate

Succinyle Co-A

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Part 1 AHz-----------Glycogen Fasting state hypoglycemia Glycogen phosphorylase and debranching Enzyme

G-1-P Mutase G6Pase Glucose G-6-P Isomerase F-6-P F1,6 bPase F 1, 6 bP Aldolase Isomerase G3P Dehydrogenase Glycerol 3P Outer mitochondrial membrane Gluconeogensis consumes ATP, So ATP++ Pase while AMP (ATP) --

Glucagon

Insulin

++ HSL in adipose tissue

TG DHAP

Glyceraldhyde 3P G3P Dehydrogenase 1.3 bPG PG kinase 3 PG Mutase 2 PG Enolase PEP

lipolysis

Long chain Fatty acids

Fatty Acyl CoA Synthesase Fatty Acyl Co-A Alanine amine transferase (ALT) (B6) Alanine Carnitine Acyl Transferase (CAT-1) Fatty Acyl Carnitine Lactate

Pyruvate kinase PEP CK (need GTP) OAA Malate Inner mitochondrial membrane Malate shuttle Pyruvate carboxylase (ABC) Pyruvate Pyruvate dehydrogenase ATP used in gluconeogensis Inhibits P DH preventing glycolysis Stimulating P carboxylase initiating gluconeogensis Carnitine shuttle Fatty Acyl Carnitine CAT-2 Pyruvate Lactate dehydrogenase NAD

OAA

Fatty Acyl Co-A Acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Malate Acetyl Co-A Fumarate

Enters TCA Citrate Succinate Succinyle Co-A Production of ketone bodies in liver (but cant be used by liver)

Acetyl Co-A

Proprionyl Co-A

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