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Forcible As s imilation of the J ews

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As s imilation: The Zionis t Pos ition

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113

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115

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128

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The J ewis h Sens e of Eternal Exile and Permanent Des ire for Return

" "

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129


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Exile and Return

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Dis pers ion; Dias pora; Exile

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134

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136

Ingathering of the Exiles

" " " " .

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"Forcing the End "Dahikat ha- Ketz

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" " " " .

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137


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" " " " " "

.
- - 2

138

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Second Dias pora

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" " .
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139

Is raeli Dias pora

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500 .
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Diffus ion of the J ewis h Communities

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- - 2

140

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Migrations of Memebers of J ewish Communities: Introduction

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141

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143

Settlement

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Migrations of Memebers of J ewis h Communities up to the Beginning of

Modern Times

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Migrations of Memebers of J ewis h Communities in Modern Times

1
: .
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146

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1720 . 1800
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1939 1924
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.

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"1299001905 " " 153748 - 1906 " " 149182 - 1907"
" 103387-1908 " " 57551 - 1909 " " 84260 - 1910 "
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1921 1922 1923 1924 .
:
" 1915 - 26.497 " " 15108 - 1916 " " - 173421917 "
" 1918 3762 " " 3055 - 1919 " " 14292 - 1920 "
" 1921 119036 " " 53524 - 1922 " " 49719 - 1923 "
" 1924 49989 "
. 352.324

.

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1881 .1935 .

1906 "
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152


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1.806 8.175 1923
13.892 .1924
1925 1933


.
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% 2
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153.748 .1906 :
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" 1928 - 11.639 " " 12.479 - 1929 " " 11.526- 1930 "

" 1931 - 119.692 " " 2.755 - 1932 " " 2.372- 1933"
.1930
%85 1881 1914 %25
1926 1930 .
1933 ""
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4000 1931 12.553 1932 37.337 .1933
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153

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540

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1914 - 1881 2.040.000 %85 - 1915

1948 650000 % 41
1914 - 1881 150000 %4 1948 - 1915
60000 % 4

1914 - 1881 113000 %5 1915 - 1948

115000 % 7
1914 - 1881 14000 %0.6 1948 - 1915
140000 % 9
1914 - 1881 43000 %2 1948 - 1915
25000 % 1.6
1914 - 1881 70000 % 3 1948 - 1915
485000 %30

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154

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157

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Diffus ion of Memebers of J ewis h Communities in the World and Their

Relation to Pales tine

" " " "

"" "" ""
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158

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1840 - 1942

!Error

- - 2

162

" "1 1840 1942 .

" "1 3.917.388 378.956

1840 1942 .
"376.227"
2.629 . 1931
270.601 125,944 .
191.551 "
1930 220 291 " .
150 1930 170 .
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- 1915 " 1948 " 2

" 1915 26497 1916 " " 0 15108 1917 " " 0
17342 1918" " 0 3672 1919 " " 0
3055" 19201806 142921921 " "8223
119036 "1922"8294 535241923 " "8685
49719 " 1924"8175 49989 1925 " "13892
10292 " 1926 "34386 102671927 " "13855
11483 1928" "3034 11639 1929 " " 5249
12479 1930 " " 5249 11526 1931 " " 4944
5692 1932 " " 4075 2755 " " 1933 12553
2372 1934 " " 37337 4134 " " 45267
1935 4837 1936 " " 66472 6252 " " 29595
1937 11352 1938 " " 10629 19736
1939 " " 14675 43450 1940 " " 31195 36945
- - 2

163

 1941 " " 10643 23737 " " 1942 4592

10608 1943 " " 4206 4705 1944 " " 10063
1945 " " 15552 " " 1946 15259 1947 " " 18760
" 22098
" 1948 " 17165
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2.650.000 %86
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1932 1939
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1935 1931 165.704"147.502
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.
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164

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1948
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.
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165


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Permanent Dias pora

" "
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.
.
.

" 1882 24000 " " %0.3 1900

50000 " " %0.5 1925 122000
" " %0.8 1940 467000 " " %2.8 1948
650000 " " %5.7 1951 1404000
" " %12.2 1965 2299000 " " %17.1
1975 2959000 % " " 20.9 1980
- - 2

166

3282700 " " %25 1985 3510000

% "27

" " .

Electronic Dias pora

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" " " "

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- - 2

167

 :
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Major J ewis h Communities

" " .
. " "
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" " " " .
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Sephardim and As hkenazim as Synonymous with Oriental and Wes tern
J ews

"" "" " "

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- - 2

168

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169

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170


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173

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174


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" " 1861 - 1802

Friedrich Stahl

. .
.
8191 .
.

.
.

1829

.

. "
" .
.

- - 2

265



.

.
.

.

" " 1864 - 1825

Ferdinand Las s alle

.
.
. 1843
1845 . 1845
.
1848
.
1863
.
. .


.
.
.
- - 2

266

 " " 1919 - 1867

Kurt Eis ner

.
.
. 1910 .
. 1918

.
.
.
.
1919 "
" .
.
.

" " 1935- 1886

Bela Kun

.
.
.
.
.1916
.

- - 2

267

 1918
.
1919. 21 1919
.
" "

.
.

"
" .
.
" "

.
. 1937

" " .

.

"
" .
.
.
.

" " 1971 - 1892

Matyas Rakos i
- - 2

268

 .
.
1915 .

1919
. . 1924
.
.
1940 . 1944
. 1945 1948
.
.
1952 .
1953
1955 1956
.
. . 1962

" " .
.

. "" .

Claiming J ewis hnes s

" " .
" " .

- - 2

269

 ""
.
"
" .

. .

" "
" "
" "
" " .
" " .
""
35
.

. .
" " .
"" "
" .
" "
. .
. .
.

Heberw- Speaking Gentiles

- - 2

270

" " ""

"
" " " .
. .

Members of J ewis h Communities and the Is s ue of National Identity

" " " " .

.
" "
.

"
"/"" .
" " . .
.

""

.


. " " "
" .

.

- - 2

271





.
.


.
.
.
"
" .
"" .

.
.

.
" "
1882
.
.
.
.
. .

" "
.
. .

- - 2

272

" :

" "

.
.

.
" " " " ""
.
" " .


.
. "
" .

.

.
" :

" " . .

.

- - 2

273

Zionis t Definitions of J ewis h Identities

.
: .
.
.

.

.
: .
. " "
.

" " " " .

" " " " .

.
" " .


.
.
.
" " .
1948 " " .

- - 2

274

 " " .
:
1 :

" "
" ". " " .

" " .

.
2 :

"
"
.
.
. .
3 :

.
.
.
" " .
" "
.
- - 2

275

 .
. .
.

. .
" " .

.
.
.

.

. "
"
.

J ewis h Identities and the Contradiction Between the Zionis t Outlook and
Is raeli Practice

""
.
1948 " " " :
" Ein Volk " " " " .
.
- - 2

276


.
.

.
" "1950 " " .
1952 .
.
.
"" " "
" ".

.

. ""
.
:

1 :

. " "

.
.
.
.
.
.

- - 2

277



.
.

!
.
.
2 :

1948
"" .


.

"" .
.
.

3 :

. .
.
.

" " . "
- - 2

278

" .
.

. .

4 :

.
.
:
.
.
.


.

.
.
.
.

.
"
- - 2

279

 .
" .
.

. .

.
. 1957 "
"
. "
" "" 1958 .
. "
" " " "!".
.
" "37 "
" .
1959
.

1960
.
.

" "
.

.
.
.
- - 2

280

 "" !!
1966
"
" .

.

.
.
. .

1968 "
"
" " .
1970 ""
.
"
" .
: . 1970
.
.

.
. .
"" "" .
.

" " " :" .
- - 2

281

 16 1985
.
" " .
.
.
.
1987
1985 .
.
"" ""

.
" " .
.

1988

.
.
.


.

.
. .
- - 2

282


.

.

"
" .
" " .
%80 .
. "
" .
"" .
.
%78
.

.

.
.

.
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.

.


- - 2

283

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.

.

.
.
80% " "
.
" " " "

" " .

.
.
.
.
. .
" " .
"
"
.

" " 1922

Brother Daniel

.
. 1958
- - 2

284

 .
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!
" " .


.

"" . " ".
.

" " .
" " " "
""
.

" " 1942 - 1891

Edith Stein

.
.
. " " .
1942 .
1990
" " .
.
" "

- - 2

285

 .
.

Res pons e of the Members of the J ewis h Communities to the Zionis t

Definitions of J ewis h Identities

" " " "

" " .
"" .
"
" .
.

" " " " .


.
. .
1
.
: .

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2 ""
.

- - 2

286

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.

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"
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3 :

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- - 2

287


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.

.

. "
" " "
. " "
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" " "" .
.
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.
.

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.

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400 .

. .
.
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.
.
" " " "
- - 2

288

 .

.

.
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.
" "
.
" "
!

.
" "1988
.
.

.
.

.
1967
.
.

" "
.
.

- - 2

289


.

.

:
. .

.
.
.

" "1987
.
. " 291 271"
" "
.
.

.
1.500.000



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.
"
" .
. .
%30 .
""
- - 2

290


. .
.

.

.
. " "
.

.

.

:
:

The J ews: The Problem of Definition

"" ""
"" " " .
.
.
" " "" " : Jewry ".
"" .
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""
. .
- - 2

291

 ""
.
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J ewry

" " " " "Jewry

.

.
.
Juiverie Guidecca .
.
" " " " .

The J ewis h People

" "
. " " " " .

The People

"" .
. " "
.

- - 2

292

 " " " " .

" " .
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: .
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J ewis h Communities

" " "" .

" "
.
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.
70 .
. "
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.

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.

. " "
- - 2

293

" " .
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294

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295

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370 .
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296

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.
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1543 .
. 1783 .

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Community; Taifa

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297

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Hebrew

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" "16 15/11 25 24/10 .
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" ."14/39 " 1/19".
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298

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.
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" 538." "70"
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299

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Is rael; Yis rael

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300

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Is rael; Yis rael

" " "" "

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- - 2

301

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302

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- - 2

303

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- - 2

304

 . ""
.
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"" . "" "" .
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.
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.

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. ""
.

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.
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.
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- - 2

305

 " :
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Zionis t

"" " " .

.
.

- - 2

306

Is raeli
"" . "" " "
.
. "" " "
. .

Worldwide Number and Dis tribution of the J ewis h Communities to the

Pres ent

1000. 1.800.000 450

.


.

733 701. 300 800
. 568. 150


. 60 70 .

.
8.000.000 2.350.000 2.500.000
70 3.200.000 "

- - 2

307

 1.000.000 " .
%40 .
:

.

.

.

.
" " " : pax "romana
.
.

.
.
.

.
" "%90 85 .
350 - 100 "
53" 450 300" 1300 " 53
.
.

- - 2

308

 :
" "
.
.

. " "1500 15 - 10
150 1500. 1648
.

" "
500 . " "1770
250 "1.75" 1.2
. 1800
.

"
" .
.
.
600 .1800
.
.
" "
.
1815 .
1800

- - 2

309

 .16.724.000 150 . 1820

1825 3.280.000 10.602.500 .1900
75 .
900 1840 800 1860 950
.1900
" 1815 "1914 190 400 .
7.240.000 1810 91.972.000 1910
" " .
% 85
.

.


.

.

.
.
.
.

.
15 18 14 .16
"
" .
. " " .
1712 .

- - 2

310

 1800 1914
.
1827
1845 .108
.

1820 1825
3.281.000 2.730.000 " 1.600.000 80
568 / 223 - 50 45
" .
.

1850 4.750.000 %72 " 2.350.000

" %14.5 %1.5 %12 .
" 1880 " 7.500.000 :
" "%56.2 " "%20
" "13.3% " "%3.3
.
"
" . %8

.

10.602.000 1900 13 .
. 5.500.000 : " 127
" %42.3 .
2.500.000 %.19.2 .
.
:

- - 2

311

 : 2.500.000 %19.2 . 1.700.000 :

%13.1 :
300.000 850 .
600.000 .
250.000 .
100.000 .
100.000 .
47.000 .
750.000 %. 5.8
85.000 %. 0.1

"" 1939 16.724.000

9.480.000. " " 512.849.000 2.825.000
" " 132.519.000 " 3.250.000
."32.183.000 %10.1
.
850 " " 18.053.000 254.560
: " ."5.106.000
357 1930 445 1930 504
.65.988.000
4.975.000
. 155.700
275 . .5.537.000
- - 2

312

 1.047.000 .475.000
90 : 26 50 50
24 10
. 627.500
162 110 90 70
59 51 . .23.600
5.537.000 :
.
.
" " .
.

.


.


. %03
.

%50
.
40 - 20
.

.

.
%52 42 50
35% %40 100 .
- - 2

313

 18% %13
. 1933
%5 . " "1927
% 84 18 " " .
%93 %92 %70
%65 .
" "
.

.
.
"
"
.

.
12 .

.
.

. %50
" "1915 %60 .1932
%86 1880 .1905
."1930" %70 .
.
.

- - 2

314

 .
.

.

.

.

" "
.
1926
24.8 .35.9
43.65 19.575 .

%5
. . 28.6
1900 12.3 .1925
11.6 .
38.16 " " "
" "" 19.3 1934 .%50
19.33 5.10 23.4
.%66
.
1900 32.6 1934
14.8 . 2 . 1932
.

- - 2

315

1832 / 35.5
1841 - 1866 / 34.7
1878 - 1882 / 30.7
1888- 1892 / 23.7
1898 - 1912 / 19.7
1913 / 15.0
1924 / 14.6
1926 / 12.0
1928 / 10.5
1929 / 9.1
1929 .

" 1905 "1930 18

8 150 " 1750 "1905
25!
" "1944
" " "
" . " "1908 " "
.
1931
1507 1469 1932 .
29.2 1931 2399 1932
3480 .1935 1916 494 2483
. 1939

- - 2

316

 90 1944
324 . %92.9
. 1936 673 2061 .
: "
"

.


. . 1941
%10 15 %.
1942 .
1941 250 . .
.

" "
.

" "
.
.

.

5000.000 1948 5.870.000 1967
11.373.000 1948 13.837.500 1967
. 9.583.000
6.925.000 2.436.000 115 5.500
75 .
- - 2

317


. "
" "" 1948
2.650.000 .1959 .
. " "1983
" "1930 1983
.1989
/ 1989 1930 /

15 / 12210700 /
/ 4228000 / 5515000

"" 1370000 / 2927000 /

4100 / 2845000 /
19000 / 900000 /
/ 564000 / 35000

58000 / 477000 /
/ 7900 354000 /

320000 / 300000 /
6300 / 250000 /
/ 220000 / 530000

218000 / 200000 /

- - 2

318

 // 161000/ 3717000

310000 / 126000 /
/ 11400072000 /

100000 / 30000 /
85000 / 22000 /

1983 1.630.000 .
1.370.000 1989
.
. 1930
.
750 %8 .
2.436.000 1967 .

"Worldwide Number of the J ewis h Communities "Some Problematics

.

1 " "1800 " 1900

" .
2 .

"
" .

- - 2

319


.
3 " "
.
! " "
.

4 "" :

" " .
.
"" : "" .
:

1 :

" " "1991 .

:

" : " core Jewish population

.
" :
"peripheral Jewish population :
" : extended Jewish

"population " "

.

- - 2

320

 " : enlarged Jewish

"population "
" .

.
%50
. " "
" " " : " Jewish in some way .
" 6.8 . 1.2
"
" . 2.3 6.8
2.5 .
8.400.000 . 2.70.000
" " " ."5.700.000 :


"
.
.
. .


.

2 :
"" :

- - 2

321

"
"" ""
. " "
.

"
.
" "
""

3 :
" 28.202 . 1983

"
. 11
04 .
" 500 .

" 3500
. 4000 .
" 55
100 . 1983
4 :

1981 .296.445 1986

. 245.855
- - 2

322

 97.655 343.510 " " .

" " .
5 :

1990 114
. 59 .
104.500 107.

" " 1992

Recent "1992" Worldwide Number and Dis tribution of the J ewis h
Communities and Some of Their Demographic Features

1987 13 " "12.934.600

12.936.300 " 1992 ."1994
1982 12.988.600 1984 "12.936.300
" . 1967
13.837.500 1967 182
.
:

" " 1.924.200 :

" ": 4.378.600
" " 106.700 :
" " 6.409.700 :
94.600 :
12.913.800 :
:

- - 2

323

 / /
% 43.5 / 5.620.000 /
/ 4.242.500 / 32.8%
% 4.1 / 530.000 /
% 3.2 / 415.500 /
% 2.8 / 356.000 /
/ 2.3%298.000 /
% 2.1 / 276.000 /
% 1.6 / 211.000 /
% 0.8 / 100.000 /

.
%46.24 %14.9
%5.3 % 69.8
" " .
.

. " "
.
%93.2
%76.3 " ".


.

%15 .
: "46.27% 5.976.000 " .
%32.85"4.242.500 " . "%0.8" 100.000
."%2.9" 382.000

- - 2

324

94.600"0.7%". .
%91 .
.
.

.
.
: 1992

:
-:

/ / /
12.8 / 356.000 / 27.755.000 /
/ 5.620.000 / 21.8 257.740.000 /
20.9 / 5.976.000 / 285.595.000 /
:

2.3 / 400 175000 /

/ 2563000 / 5000 / 2.0
0.4 / 1500 / 3626000 /
/ 2495000 / 300 / 0.1
1.1 / 300 / 268000 /
/ 100298000 / 800 / 0.1
/ --100 / 7621000 /
/ 107000 / 300 / 2.8

- - 2

325

 0.1 / 700 / 10907000 /

/ 3270000 / 2000 / 0.6
0.4 / 40000 / 89998000 /
/ 25330000 / 300 / --

0.3 / 51.700 / 156.389.000 /

-:

6.3 / 211000 / 33487000 /

/ 900 / 0.111310000 /
7.6 / 23800 3149000 /
/ 0.2900 / 4643000 /
0.6 / 100000 / 156578000 /
/ 0.1700 / 7705000 /

0.1 / 3000 / 22913000 /

/ 0.4200 / 446000 /

1.1 / 15000 / 13813000 /

/ 1.020000 / 20618000 /

0.2 / 6500 / 33985000 /

/ 1.2382000 / 308674000/

8.53 / 6409700 / 750631/

:

5.0 / 90000 /17843000 /

/ 3487000 / 4500 / 1.3
/ --100 / 6617000 /
/27947000 / 94600/ 3.4

- - 2

326

 :
/ 4242500 / 816.55195900 /
"" :

2.9 / 21000 / 7200000 /

/ 0.1300 / 3500000 /
2.1 / 45200 / 21600000 /
/ 0.51900 / 4000000 /

3.3 / 18000 / 5500000 /

0.9 / 5000 / 5700000
0.8 / 14500 / 17200000 /
0.8 / 3700 / 4600000 /
1.6 / 109600 / 69300000 /
:

0.3 / 16000 / 63180000 /

/ -- 200 / 56868000 /
0.1 / 300 / 2798000 /
/ 0.11200 / 13762000 /
/ --200 / 19918000 /
/ --100 / 66543000 /
/ --100 / 44508000 /
/ --4500 / 896567000 /

0.2 / 1000 / 5845000 /

/ --1000 / 124959000 /

0.1 / 1600 / 12977000 //

/ --300 / 1918506100 /
/ --26500 / 3226431100 /
- - 2

327

 /3300927000 / 4378600 / 1.3

:
/ 54628000 / 1500 / --

0.2 / 2000 / 8579000 /

/ 19590000 / 300 / --
2.5 / 100000 / 40774000 /
/ 41166000 / 400 / --
/ --300 / 8885000 /
/ 1000 / 0.110898000 /
/ -- 400 / 26090000 /
/ -- 200 / 56060000 /
/ --1000 / 427990000 /
/ 106700 / 1.666857000 /

:
:
/ 39153000 / 12000 / 0.3

0.6 / 50000 / 80606000 /

/ 3481000 / 1800 / 0.5
0.5 / 31000 / 57826000 /
/ 9870000 / 300 / --
3.2 / 31800 / 10010000 /
/ 5169000 / 6400 / 1.2

9.2 / 530000 / 57379000 /

/ 380000 / 600 / 1.6
- - 2

328

 5.1 / 298000 / 58039000/

/ 15270000 / 25600 / 1.7
/ 0.54800 / 10208000 /

2.9 / 992300 / 347391000 /

:

19.4 / 600 / 31000 /

/ 15000 / 1.78692000 /

2.8 / 19000 / 6862000 /

/ 0.31300 / 5020000 /

0.2 / 1000 / 4310000 /

/ 0.97000 / 7805000 /
0.1 / 100 / 771000 /
/ 1.344000 / 33491000
"" :
/ 1600000 / 3400 / 2.1

5.3 / 276000 / 51900000 /

/ 149000000 / 415000 / 2.8
/ 4.546000 / 10300000 /

5.2 / 13500 / 2600000 /

/ 1.765000 / 3800000 /
4.4 / 19400 / 4400000 /
/ 779800 / 3.5223600000 /
:
/ 0.21900 / 8926000 /

- - 2

329

 0.1 / 300 / 4000000 /

/ 0.13600 / 38518000 /
"0.3 / 19500 / 59577000 / "
0.4 / 3.800 / 10300000 /
/ 0.716000 / 23377000 /

0.7 / 3800 / 5300000 /

/ --100 / 2000000 /
0.3 / 1400 / 4400000 /
/ 5.356000 / 10493000 /

0.2 / 1700 / 9800000 /

/ 0.6108100 / 176691000 /
/ 2.51924200 / 781173000/

" " " ."%75

"" . ""
" " . 56
40 35 .
31.800 31.000 23.800 .16.000

.

4.500
4.800 3.600
400 100 .

. %2.18
257.840.000 .1992
"" % 1.07
- - 2

330

 .267.516.000 %1.28 .26.755.000

% 0.92
.57.379 %0.51 58.039.000
% 0.28 149.000.000 %0.53 . 51.900.000

.

" " .
.
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" 350" " 200"
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490.000 254.000 "" 248.000 208.000
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.

.
.
.
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.

. %98 .

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331

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.

. %75 .
.
1995

Current "1995" Worldwide Number and Dis tribution of J ewis h Communities

1995 " :
"
. 1992
:

/ / 1992 1995
/ 5800000 5620000 /

4420000 / 4242000 /
/ 600000530000 /
600000 / 415000 /
/ 446000276000 /

250000 / 211000 /
/ 114000100000 /
80000 / 56000 /
40000 / 19400 /
34000 / 46000 /
/ 3000023800 /
25000 / 16000 /
- - 2

332

 / 2500021000 /

. 07 " "%13.2 39 " "%18.48 24
" "%42.8 6 " "%60 " " 56%

"
" 1996 .
"
" 135 " "%32.5 124
" "%44.9 10.6 " "%54.6 14
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.

.
1996 1997 . 1995

Death of the J ewis h People

" " "" .

.
1.800.000 1.100.000 733 701.
. 150.
60 70 .

- - 2

333

 100. 100
.
.
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44 35 1.57 34 25
0.87 .

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335


. %16 65
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. 720
.
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.

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2000
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" 600 "
" . 3.3 900.000
1948 2.400.000 .
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.

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" " 6.5

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400 .
. :
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.
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337

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?J ews or J ewis h Functional Groups

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J ewis h Communities and Clas s Affiliation

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338


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.

Reas ons for the Trans formation of Some J ewis h Communities into
Functional Groups

.
.

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- - 2

340

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341

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Relations hip between J ewis h Communities and Agriculture

.
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342


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1882
.
. 1935
600.000 %3.6
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1935
" %4.3 %4.2 %2.2 %5.8
" . 1960
%2 .

J ewis h Functional Groups in the Wes tern World

" "
.


.
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.
- - 2

345

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.

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Relations hip between J ewis h Communities and Indus try

" " " "

" " .
" " " " " "
" "
.

- - 2

346

Capitalis m, Socialis m, and J ewis h Communities

" " " " "

"
.
:

Trans formation of J ewis h Communities into Functional Groups: His tory

.
. ""
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.
.
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.
1897 :
3.55% . 38.65% . 33.45% . 3.98% . 11.76% .6.61% - .

.
.

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. 1900 %59.6
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.

- - 2

349

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 1945 24%
.
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.
.

.

Main Traits of J ewis h Communities as Functional Groups

:
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.

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.
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351

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353


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354

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355


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.
.

J ewis h Functional Groups: Different Kinds

:
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- - 2

356

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"J ewis h Military Settler Functional Group "Mercenaries

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368

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371

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Radhanites

"" : .
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- - 2

377

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384

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.
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Middleman Group
- - 2

385

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J ewis h Trade

" : "

J weis h Us ury
": " " "

Taxes Paid by Members of J ewis h Communities

:
.
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386

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.

- - 2

389

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.
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.

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390


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Members of J ewis h Communities as Tax Collectors

.
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.
.
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.
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391

 .
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Army Contractors and Suppliers

" "


.

1276 .
" "1285 1276 .
1489 1492
.
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- - 2

392


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1537 .
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394

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395

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402

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Wine and Liquor Trade

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403



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Advertis ing

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 1898 " 1904 24"

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Biow .
.
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.
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- - 2

406

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Slave Trade

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409

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.
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.

" Servi Camerae Regis; Kammerknechtschaft; Serfs of the Royal Chamber

" " " "
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.
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410

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411

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Court J ews; Hofjuden

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 " " 1055 - 915

His dai Ibn Shaprut

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.
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958. . .

. .

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Yaqub Ibn Killis

. .
.

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421


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.
. 968

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977 " "996 975
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.
" " 1273 -
Solomon Ibn Zadok

""
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" "1280
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.

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- - 2

422

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" "1230 1194
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423

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424

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.

" " 1209 - 1131

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.
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.

.

.
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425

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.

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.
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426


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.

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.
.
1580 " : "
. 1585
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. .
.
.

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427

.
.
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.

.

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.
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428


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429

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430


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.
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431

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. 1627
.
1606 . "" .

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. .

. .
.

. 1831
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.

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- - 2

432

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"1855 1803

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.
.
1866
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" " . 1872
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.
.
.
1938 .

Speyer Family
.

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.
" "1846 1783 .
1818 1838
" 1876" 1810 .
1837 " "1871 1815

- - 2

433

" "1883 1825 . .

.
: " "1941 1861
" -1932" 1862 .

.

.

.

. 1929
. 1934 .1939
.

Financial Mamlukes

" "
.
" "

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.
.

- - 2

434

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.

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435

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.
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.
.

- - 2

436


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" fortress synagogue "/" " : "
.
.
.

.

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Different J ewis h Functional Groups

.
. :
.

.

Pleas ure Sector

" " " "

.
- - 2

437

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.
. "
" .
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.
.

. "
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.

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. " 19" 14/38 .
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" . " 1/2
" . " "27 3/16
- - 2

438

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.
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1880 1930

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.
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442

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.
:
1 .

2 .
.

3
" " .
.

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.
.
.
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.
- - 2

443

 "
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.
.
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Trans lation

.


. .

" " .
"
"
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.

- - 2

444

J ewis h Es pionage and J ewis h Spies

" "

" " .
" "
.

Spies from Members of J ewis h Communities

.
.


.
.

.
.
.

.
.

- - 2

445

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.

. .
.

.
. 1948
" - ..." .
.
.

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1915
.

. 1915
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.
.

- - 2

446

 1916 .
. 1917


.


.

Lavon Affair

" "
.1953

" "
.

. .
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"" 1937
" " .
.
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.
.1926 "
" .
.
- - 2

447

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13 " "

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.
.
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" " .
.
.
.
.
.
" " ""
.
" " .

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Pollard Affair

" "
.
- - 2

448

 1954
1979
. 1984 .

.

. .

. 18
.

.
. 1985
.
.
.


.
1987 .
.
.

.

"
" .


- - 2

449

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.

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.
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.

.
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.
.
.
.

- - 2

450

" " 1868 - 1816

Ibrahim Nathan

.
.
"- 1839
"1842
. " 1844
" .1844
.

.
.

"
" .
.

" " 1913 1832

Arminius Vambery

.
. .
- - 2

451

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.

.
.
" :
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1863
.
" "1864
.
. 1864
. 1905
.


.
.

1901
. .

. " "1883
". "1904

- - 2

452

 " " 1892 1840

Emin Pas ha

. .
1870 .
1874
. 1878 .

. 1881

. 1888
1890
.

. .

.

" " 1920 1874

Sidney Reilly

. "" .
.
.

.

- - 2

453

 " "1918
. 1920
.

" " 1918 1869

Yevno Azeff

. .
1892
.
.
. 1899

. " "1908 1893

.
1904
" ".
1902 1908

.
1915 .
1917 .
" "1953 - 1918 " "1953 - 1916

J ulius and Ethel Rozenberg

.
.
- - 2

454

 .

. 1943

1951
. " "
.

.

.
.

.

.

. 1953 .

Peripherality as Manifes tation of the Functionality of the J ewis h

Communities

- - 2

455

""
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.
.
.
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. .

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.
.
.

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- - 2

456


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- - 2

457

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.
- - 2

458


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.

.
.

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.

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.

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. 1950
.
.
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.
.
- - 2

459

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.

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- - 2

460

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. .

1870

.
" " .
.
.
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.

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. .
.
" " .
. .

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. 1928

.
- - 2

461

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.


.
.

: .
.
.

.
.
.

.
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:
.
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.

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- - 2

462

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.
.

. %97
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.

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- - 2

463

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.

- - 2

464

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. 1840


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.
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.
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.

- - 2

465


. .
.
.
.

.

.
.

.
.

.
" " .
.
.

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.
" " %30
.
.

Marginality of the J ews

- - 2

466

" "


.

.


.
.

.

.
.

.
" "

.
.
. ""
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.
.

.

Abnormality of the J ews

- - 2

467

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. "
" .
.

: .
:

.

" " .
.
.

.
.
.

.

.
" "

.

.

.
. 1942
- - 2

468

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" " .

.

/
.
.

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.
.

" "

. .

Paras itis m of the J ews

"" " parasitism "" " parasite ""

" " parasitos " "" .
. " "
. ""
"" .

.
- - 2

469


.
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.
.

.
.

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.
.

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.
.

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- - 2

470

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.

.
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. " " .
" "
.

.

. "
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.

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.


.

.
.

- - 2

471

"Schnorers" Beggars

"" " " schnorers

" " schnorer "" "" .
.
" "
.
.

.
.
. .
""

.
.

.
. "
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. %10 "
" .

.
- - 2

472

 .
.

" " .

.
" "
. " "1897
.

.


.
.
.

.

Secret Languages of Some of the Functional J ewis h Communities

" " .
.
. " "
.
.
1952 " "
. -
- - 2

473

/ .
.
"
"
!

.


" .

.
.
.
"" ""
" " " :
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. "" " "
" " I went to york hadash ""
"" "" .


.

.
.

- - 2

474



.
.

Financial Crimes of Some Members of J ewis h Communities

" " .
.

. " "

. .
.

.
.

. %50
%2 .
.
.

- - 2

475

 800 . "
" : " "
.

.
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.

.
.
.
.

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" . .
.
. .

" "
.
. .
7 24
.
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.
.
.
. %8
6.5% .
.
- - 2

476

 15 .
.

. 1929
1963 -
.
.

40 .

.
.
.
1976
.
50
.

1934 .

1901 1914
.1973
1974

1981 200 .
105
1973 .
48

- - 2

477

 . 1982
1980
.

.


" "
.


.
.1969
.
" "

.
1984
1986 50
.
100
.

" "
" "
.
.
1988 " "

- - 2

478


. 120

.
.
.
600
1991 .


" " . 1991
35%
.
2.2 . %05
1991
. .

1991 . 400

.
700 1.27
" " .
100
.
" "
. .


- - 2

479

 .
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. .1929

.

.
"
" " " .

" "
.


. 1974
. .
"
"


.

"
"
.

Smuggling and the J ewis h Communities in the U.S.A.

- - 2

480

 " "1885 1822

1869 .1877 1862
11
.
.
.

.
.
"
"
.

.

" " .
. "

". " :
" .
" ..
".

.


.

- - 2

481

Panama Canal Scandal

.
.
: "
" " " " " .

1888
.
.
.
.
.
" " .
.
. " "
.

" "1905 1849

.
1882
.
4.6 .

- - 2

482

 " " 1898 1845 600

.

.
.

.
1877
140 .

.
.

.

.

.1889
800 .

" " "
" .
" " .
" "
.
" "

- - 2

483

 .


.

1892
.
.1895
. 1905

.
.
.

. :

" " 1782-
Samuel Sunbal

.
.
. 1751
.
"" . 1780

.
.
. 1787 .
- - 2

484

 1794 . 1797
.
. 1804

. .
" " 1942 - 1878
Mos es Annenberg

.
1936 .
1939 " " 1908 .
.
.1942 6
" . ."
. 1969 . 1.6
.

.
.
1967 . 1969
.
.

" - " 1925

Les ter Crown

- - 2

485

 .
1921
.
.

%23 1.1 .
1974 . 1985
.
.

. 1986 "
" .
" - "1917
Ivan Boes ky

. .
1966

. .


.
.
1986

.

- - 2

486

 :
:

Anti- Semitis m

" " " " . " "

.

Anti- Semitis m: Terminology

" " " " . "

" "" . " 1904" 1818
1879 .
" "1871 1870
.
.


.

" "1892 1823
.

""
- - 2

487

 .
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.
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- - 2

488

 " " " "

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.

. .
.

. .
.

.
" "
Structural Anti- Semitis m

" "
.

.
.



.
.
.
.

- - 2

489

 " " " "

.
.


. .
.

.

"Anti- Semitis m "Caus es and the Proces s of Stereotyping

.
.
.
.
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. .
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.
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490


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491

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1
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492

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493

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1882 .
1905 .

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:
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494

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4
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. 1881 1935
.
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495

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: " "
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.
- - 2

497

Anti- Semitic Stereotypes, Clas s ics of Anti- Semitic Literature, and His tory
of Anti- Semitis m to the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century

.
.
" "
.
.
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.
.
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498



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.

.
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.
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499

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.
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503

 " .
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" " 1521 - 1469

J ohannes Pfefferkorn

.
.
1504. : " "
. .

.

1510
.
.
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.
.
.
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- - 2

504

 . .
1517 .


.
.

.
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Anton Margarita

. 1522 .
1537 .
1530
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.
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Anti- Semitic Stereotypes s ince the Eighteenth Century

.

.

- - 2

505

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506

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507

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508


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His tory of Anti- Semitis m s ince the Eighteenth Century

.

" "
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- - 2

512

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.

2 . "
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.
3 .

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5 .

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513

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514

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14 .

.
" 1873 "
.
1878
.
. . 1880
. 225

. 1882 .

1893
. 1871
.
1895 .
1897
. .
.
. 1892
. 1894
.
.
1881
" "1881 .1903 1905

- - 2

515


1911 .

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Clas s ics of Anti- Semitis m s ince the Eighteenth Century

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Prejudice Agains t the J ews

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.

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521

New Anti- Semitis m

" " " " ""

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Some Concrete Manifes tations of Anti- Semitis m

:
.
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Expuls ion of J ews

- - 2

522

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536

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.

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1900 1913
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1934 " .

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Grand or World J ewish Cons piracy

.

.
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- - 2

543

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. " "

.
1951

.

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545


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.

Demonization of the J ews

"
" . .
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.

.

" " . "
" .
. "" "
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.

.
.

" "

.

- - 2

546

Protocols of the Elders of Zion

"" "" 1897

.


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.
1905
1901 " "
.
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1919 .

.
.

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552

International J ew

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.

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J acob Brafman

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.

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553

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Wandering J ew

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Hep, Hep

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"hierosolyma est perdita " " .

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Kike and Sheeny

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- - 2

555


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Is rael Wes t

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" Little Egypt " .

. "" " " " "
" . "

.
" :
" "

- - 2

556

".

" " /

Anti- Semitis m "and Pro- Zionis m" as a Latent Pos s ibility\ Proble- matic
s ince the Middle Ages in the Wes t

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:

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Phlio- Semitis m

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558

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564


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.

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565

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570

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Edouard- Adolphe Drumont

.

. 1866



.

.
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.
.
.

.
.
1892
.

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.
" " 1915 - 1844
Karl Lueger
- - 2

571

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.
1875 .1885

.

. 1893
.
.
.
. 1895

.
.

" 72"
. .
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Augus t Strindenberg

.
.
- - 2

572


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1884 .

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.
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.
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1892 1892
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. 1882 "
".

- - 2

573

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1897
. 1898
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.
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1912 " 22 "1912

": - " .
" " 1982 - 1946
Reiner Fas s binder

" " .
" " 17 43 30

.

.
. " "1974
.
" " " "1980 .

" " . ""
" " "
- - 2

574

 " .
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" " " " .
.

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.

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575

J ewis h Anti- Semitis m

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.

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" " .
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.
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. .
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J ewis h Self- Hate

" "
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.

.

.

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576

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!
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.
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.
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Otto Weininger

.
.
.
. 1902
1903 .
.
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.

.

.
- - 2

578

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Arthur Trebits ch

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Theoder Les s ing

- - 2

579

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.
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580

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584

.

.

:
:

Nazi Extermination of Wes tern J ewry: The Problem of Terminology

"" .
" " " : " extermination of the Jews
"
" " " . " "
genocide "" " " "genus "" "" caedes
"" .

" " "

" .

"" " " "

"" """ . ""

.
.
.
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585

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.
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.

"" " "

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.

"" .
" " " " " :
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.
. " "
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. " :
"
.
.
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" " .
" " Holocaust mania " " .

- - 2

586

 .
.

.
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.

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" . " "
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.

" " " : " Kristallnacht

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587

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" " " "" .:
" "" . " "
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"Holocaus t "Extermination

"" " " ""

"" . ""
.

Shoah

"" "" "" .

.

Extermination and Decons truction of Man as a Potentiality in Modern

Wes tern Civilization

- - 2

588


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.

.

.
.
.

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" " .
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589

 " " " .

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.

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disposable transferable".

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elective affinity " .
" "
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" " " " ""

.
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- - 2

590


.

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" " " " "" .
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" " "
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. .
.
.
. 1996
.

.
" " " : " unviable assets
.

.

" " .

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- - 2

591

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592

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" "1900 1823 ""
.
. "1816
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.

.
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.
.
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.

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.

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593

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.

.

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" " .

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.

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.

- - 2

594


.
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.

.
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.
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.
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.
13
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.
.
.
14

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595

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.

.

.
"
" .

- - 2

596

 ""
.
" "
/
. "
"
/
/.
"" " :
"extermination"" " : " deconstruction


:

" 1 " decentering man " " "

" .
"2 " depersonalization " " .

" 3 " disenchantment of the world " "

.
" 4 " desanctification " " desacralization "
" " " .
" 5 " demystification " " "" .

" 6 " denuding " " "

" .
- - 2

597

" 7 " dehumanization " " .

" "
. " "


.
.
.
" "
.
.

.

Aryans
" : " .

His torical Realization of the Genocidal Potential

.


. " "
- - 2

598


.

.
. " " . " "

" " " " .
" " ""
: .
.
.

" " .

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.

" " . 132
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.
.

" " . "
" " "
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599

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.

.
.
Generalplan Ost 31 " " .

" "
.

.
.
" "
.
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"" "" "" "
" .

! "
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.
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6.5
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" ".

.
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.
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. .

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.

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.

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601

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" "
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.
.
" "
. "
" "
...
... ...
2000" .
.
1934
" " .

.
"

- - 2

602

 "
!
" " " " " :
"patsoralization " " .
" "
. 200 .

DEFS " disarmed
"enemy forces " " " " .

793.239 1945 167
"
"James Bacque 13.5
.

"
" " : " denazification 545
.
" "
. 169.282
. 22.296 17.353
. 1945 141
.

.
1945 11.600 32

.150.000 25 1945

- - 2

603

 .
.
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" 2 26 " .

.
. " " " "
280
. 70 130
.
70 .
.

"
" .
.

.
. 20 12
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50!
.



. ""
" " .
- - 2

604

 " " .

.

German Cultural Context of the Extermination

.
" "

. "
" " "
.
.
.
.
"" .
"" .

" "
.

.
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.
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.

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606

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.
.

Nazis m and Wes tern Civilization

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" National Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei" "NSDAP "
"
.
.
" " 1918
.
.
. .
.


. " "
.
1920 " " "
"

. .
" "
.

- - 2

607

 1930 1932
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.
1932 .
.
.
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. . 1934

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.

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608

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609

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611

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.

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613

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.

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.
.

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. .
1917

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.

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. "" .

- - 2

614


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615

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German Political and Social Context of the Extermination

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.
.

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.

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616



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J ewis h- German Political and Social Context of the Extermination

- - 2

619


.
.
:

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1921 1927 %44.5 .

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.
.
.

.

.

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620

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.
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.
.



:

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% / 22.03%19.3 /
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.
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621

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622


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623

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625

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.
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.
.


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.

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.
.
.
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" " "
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Nazi Extermination of Gyps ies

" " "" .

.

- - 2

626


.

.
.
. 1899
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1929 " " .
.
1933 .
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1936 " " . .
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.
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.

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627

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.

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. 8 1938
17 1939
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.

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31 . 1944
.
. .
. 24 1941
.
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.

.
- - 2

628

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" " 1976 1889

Martin Heidegger and Nazis m

:

.
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" " .
.
.
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"1976 "1889 .
.

. : " "1927 :
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629

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" .

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. " " .
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- - 2

630

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631

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632


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- - 2

633


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.

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1933
.
" " " " .
. 1933
". Victor

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Guido Schneeberger 1961 217 .
1934 .
.
1936
.
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.

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.
.
.
.

- - 2

634




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.

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.

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.

The Problematic of Value- free Science and Technology Divorced From

Human Teleology
- - 2

635

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.
:

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.

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- - 2

636


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637


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1942
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- - 2

638

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" " ". "" .
1948 """.

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.
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.
.
- - 2

639

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.
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640

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.
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641

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.
.
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.
- - 2

642


.
.

. . .
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" " % 80 .

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- - 2

643

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.
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.

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.
.

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644

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645







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.
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646


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" " .

" " .
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Ins trumentalization of the Holocaus t

.
.
.
.

.
.
" " 1986 " "
- - 2

647


.

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649

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.
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" " " "
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.

- - 2

650


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.
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Monopolizing the Holocaus t

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.

.

.
1986
" " .

.
.
" "
.
.
.

- - 2

651

 " " .
.

.
.
.
.
. .
" "1996
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" :
"





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" " . .

Denial of the Holocaus t and Wes tern Cultural Dis cours e

" "
" "
- - 2

652

 .
:
1 Paul Rassinier .
.
""
" " .

2 Arthur Butz
.
.

3 " R. Faurisson "

.
4 Henri Roques
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. .
5 Staglish .

. .
.
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6 David Irving
The New York Review of Books "
" "
" .
.
.

- - 2

653

 " " " "43 1990 "

" " " .
24 1881 " :
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6 8 ". 1945

:
.

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.

.
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654


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" .

- - 2

655

 " Scorsese
" Andre Serrano "
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656



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.

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.

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657

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3
.


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- - 2

658

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.
.

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.
" "
. .
2
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" " .

.
. " "

.

The Problematic of the Final Solution and the Wanns ee Conference

20 1942 " "

. .
. 31

- - 2

659

 1941 " " . .

.
" " " " " : " Endlosung
"
" .
". " .

" " " "

.

" " .
" " "
" . .
.


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- - 2

660

 2
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10 1941 600 .
. . 24 1938
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.
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.
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661

 150 " "1938 1933 .

.

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.
. "" ".

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.
6
.
.
" 25 "1942 200
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.
.

7 "" " " 26 1941

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. " " .

8
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- - 2

662

" "" " "

" " .
9 ""
.

" " "

" " ".
" "
Concentration and Extermination Camps

1933
"" .

.
.
1938 .
.
:
1 " " .
2 " " .
3 " " .
4 " " .
5 .

- - 2

663

6 - .

.
.
.

Zyclon B. .
"
" .
.
Leuchter Report
"
" .
.

.

.
.
" "
.

.
.
" "
" " reservation .
. ""
.
.
- - 2

664

 ""
"" . . 1967

.
.
" "
" " .
.

. ""
.
.
.

. .

.
.

Aus chwitz

" " .
.
. " "
.
.
1.6
- - 2

665

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.

" " .
" " .
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" . "
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.
.

" "
. " :
" " " " ".

" "
" " "
" . "" .
.
"" ""
. " ".

.

.
.
.

- - 2

666

Six Milion J ews: Number of European J ewis h Victims of Nazi

?Extermination

" " .
.
" "1985 "
" .
.
" " .
1939 15.6.
1950 16.6 1948 15.7
18.6 13 14 .
.

. G. Wellers
1.6
.

" " .

1 .

.

.
.
- - 2

667

2 .

. .

.
3
.
1978
.

4
.
" "
.


.
.

Dis appearance and Death of the J ewis h People after the Firs t World War

.
.
1967 1982
13.837.500 12.988.600 .
- - 2

668

 " " .
:
1 :

"
.
.

" .
.

.
.
. .
"
.

"

.

.

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1900 12.3 1925 11.6 .1925
33.91 10.5
23.4 . "" 5.2 1935 2
. 1932
- - 2

669

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19.7 1902 1898 9.1 .1929
."1949 "1929 1910 1906 32
15 17 .
1930 1926 21 12
9 " 8 ."1932 1949 1935
.
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.
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.
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- - 2

670

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.

.
" .
. " .

.
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" .

The Problematic of Hunting down Nazi War Criminals

.
. "
" .


.

.

- - 2

671

 .
.
1979
1964 .1976
1972 " " .
1980
.
1985
" " Deschnes Commission 2114 .
217 . .
. 1986
2114 .
187 .
.
. .
" ".

. 1972
.

. 1971
.

.

Eichmann Trial

- - 2

672

 " 1962" 1906

. .
1928 .1933 1932
1934
. 1938

. .
1939
.

1945
.1960



.
11 1961

.

.
.

- - 2

673

 " " .
:
1


.

2
" " .
.

3
.
" " .
4
. :


.

.

" "
.

- - 2

674

Klaus Barbie Trial

" " " " .

. 1942
.
842
.
.

1947 " "
.
1951 . 1952
1954 . 1971
. 1983
1987 .

.

.

Waldheim Affair

1986 " "

" " .

" " 1942

.
- - 2

675

 " " " "

. .


1942
.
.
. 1987

.


" . ." ".
." "" .
" "

.
.
1987 1990
.

" "1982 - 1971


.

Demanjuk Trial
- - 2

676

 .

.
. . .
" "
.1943
. 1986
1987
. " "
54 .
. 1988

" " .
""
. .
" "
.
.
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.
.
1993 .
.
" ? - " 1908
Simon Wies enthal

.
. 1940
- - 2

677

 .1945 - 1941 .
1946 .
1100 . " 19
"1971 " " .
217 " 187"
.

Some Developments of the Wes tern Dis cours e on the Nazi Extermination of
European J ewry

1
.
.

2 ""
. " "
.

. " "
.
" :/ Judeo-Nazi".
3

.
.
. " "
- - 2

678

Collaboration between Some Members of the J ewis h Communities and the

Nazis

"
" .
.
.
.

J ewis h Res is tance to Nazis m

.
1933
.
.
.
.

.
.
.

.
45 1943
.
- - 2

679


.

" " "
" .
" " .

.

.
.


. .

" " .
.
" "
.
" " .
.
.


.
.

- - 2

680


.
.
.

. " " .
.
" "
. 1981
.
.

Fas cis m and Zionis m

. "
" " " .
. 30 1930

. 35

.
1923
.
.
- - 2

681


"
" .
.

1926
.
1927
.
.

.

.
" :
" .
.
.
:

Nazis m and Zionis m "Common Intellectual Origins and Structural

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.

.

.
.
- - 2

682


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" .
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2 .
3 .
4 .

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683


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- - 2

684

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1926 .

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Nietzs cheanis m and Zionis m

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- - 2

685

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. .

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.
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688

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689

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.


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. .
.
.
:

Nazis m and Zionis m: Actual Relations

. .

- - 2

690

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" "
. "
"
.
" "
.

" " .

" " .

. " 1920 "

1918
.
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.

.

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. : .
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- - 2

691

 "
. " "
." : ".

" : " .
" "
.

21 1933 "
"Ausserung der Zionistischen Vereinigung fur

Deutschland zur Stellung der Juden im Neuen Deutschen Staat.

.
. /

.

"
" .

.

.
.

.

. " :

- - 2

692

 " .
:


" " .

" " .
/ 1933
. 1962
.
.

.
" "

.
.

" " .
" " . "
" .

.
.
. 1937
"
" . .
" " " ".

- - 2

693

 .

.

" 7 "1937
.
.
" "
" " . " :

" .

" " 18
1943
" " ." :
... " .
1937 " : " .


.
"
" .
.
"
"
.
.
.

- - 2

694


.


.
" " "
" .
. " 36420/81134 28
1935 .
. "
81135/17186 20 1935 " ".
" " "
11351/19106" "
".

. " 1135/17929"
" " .
" "
.

. " 19052/1135"
9 1935 .
" " .

" " " " .

"
" " " .
. . " S.S."

- - 2

695

 .
" " .

.
.

" " .
.
. .
" "
Haavrah "Trans fer" Treaty

"" "" "" . .

.

.
""

" " .
. "
"

"
". 1933

" "1933 1899
.
" " .
- - 2

696


. 1933
""
.
" "
.

.


.
.
" "
.

" "
.
.
" :
. " . "
" " " " :

".

" :
...

".

- - 2

697

 " : .
1933 .
" "1933 ".

. 17 1933
22 "" .

.
. 24

" :
" .
.

.


. .

25
.
27 " " "
" "" .
.
31
.
.

- - 2

698

 2 " :

".
.
.


.

"
" .

.

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.

8 .
.
" " "
" .
.
.
" "1935
.
.
.

. 19331941
" " 52.300 %25 .

- - 2

699

 6.529 6.700
.
1935
.

. 1939
.

J udenrat

" " " Judenrat".

. :
1 .

2
.
3 .
4 .

.
.

"
""" .

- - 2

700

 .
.
. ""
.
.
.


.

.
.
.

.
""
.



.
. " "1972
.


.

- - 2

701

J uedis cher Kulturbaund

" " " : " Juedischer Kulturbund

1933
. .
""
.

1941
. 17 19
125 "
" .
1938 168
180 " "
12 18 . .
8457 .
. .
.
.
.
""
1938


.
.
1941 .

.
.
- - 2

702

 " " .
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.

Theres eins tadt

" " Thereseinstadt " "" "

1941 .1945 150.000
.
.
" " "
" .
.
.

. "
" .
.

140.937 33.529
%25 88.196 . 17.247
.
:

- - 2

703

 1
.
.

2
.
3 .

4

.
5 .
""
1945 14.000

.

Wars aw Ghetto

.
"" .
1941

.

- - 2

704

 "
" .

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" .


.
/ " " " " .
/
" " .
.
.
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.
/
.
" "
. 1939 1942
.
12.600 . " "
88.568 %19
.

- - 2

705


.
/
" " .


" " . 1967
.

.
.

Stern and Nazis m

"
" . "
" .
.
.

.
. "
" . 1941

.

- - 2

706

 " "
.
.
" .
" .
.
.
"
" .

.
.
" 1942 " 1948
.

Brit Habiryonim

" " " " "" : "" "1898

"1962 .
. .
"
" .
. "
" .

66 73 " " "
" .
. "
- - 2

707

" !
" "1932
.

. " "
" " .
"
""" .

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" " 1943 - 1864

Alfred Nos s ig

" " " " "
" .
. 1887
"" .
.
.

.
.
" " . " ".

"" .
.

- - 2

708

 " "1897 .
"
" . "
"1902
. 1887
1903 " " .
" "
"" .
.
": " " " " " " "
" " . 1908
AIKO . .
.
.
" "
"
" .
22 . 1943
.

" " 1944 - 1877

Mordechai Rumkows ki

.
. .

. 1939
" 170 " .

- - 2

709

 120 .

. "
" .

.
. 1942 52
.
1944 .

.
.
" " 1932 - 1880
Adam Czerniakow

.
.

40%
. 1927 1934

.

.
.
.
.

- - 2

710

 .
.
: .



: . "

"

1942

" " 1942- 1880
Hayyim Kaplan

.
"" . 1902

.
.
.

.
" " " " .
.
1936
.

- - 2

711

 .
1933
.
.
. 1942

:
.
.

.

.
" " 1963 - 1884
Kurt Blumenfeld

.
.

1909 " "
.
1924
1933 .
. 1963
1944 .

- - 2

712

 " "

. " "
1912
" " .
"" "" "
" .

" " 1957 - 1906

Rudolph Kas tner
. Uj
"Kelet " "" " "

.
"
" .
150
800 " " .


. " "1941 318 1386
"" " " .

1946 .
" " .
1952
" . ".
- - 2

713

 . .
"
."1948
.
"
" "" . "
" .
.
" " " " .

. " :.
. . .". "
" " ".

Arabs , Mos lems, and the Nazi Extermination of European J ewry

. .
" " . " :
"" . . "32

.
:
1
.
.
" "
- - 2

714

 . "
"
.

2 . .
" " .

/ . " "
.

.
.

.
.
.

.

.

""
"" .
" " Muselmann ""
" Enyclopedia Judaica 12 "538 537 "" :
"" ""

- - 2

715

 .
" .

.
" " .

.
.
"" "" . ""
"" "
"" """ . ""
"" :
" "" " .

"" "" .

Mus elmann

. " " :

- - 2

716


: 2 ...............................................................
: 2 ...................................................................
2 .....................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................Jewish Essence
3 .........................................................................................
3 .................................................................... The Nature of the Jews
4 .................................................................................
4 ..................................................................Jewish Ethics or Morality
5 .......................................................................................
5 ..........................................................................Jewish Materialism
7 .........................................................................................
7 ......................................................................Judaization of Society
11 ....................................................................................
11 ................................................................................ Jewish Race
: 13 ..................................................
13 ...................................................................................
13 ................................................................................ Jewish Unity
16 ................................................................................
16 .................................................................... Jewish Independence
16 ....................................................................................
16 .................................................................. Jewish Consciousness
17 ..............................................................................
18 ..................................................................... Jewish Rootlessness
19 .............................................................................
19 .................................................................. Jewish Double Loyality
22 ....................................................................................
22 ............................................................................Jewish Interests
"32-" 23 ...............................................................................
23 ...................................................................................... Berenice
- - 2

717

 "24 .............................................................. "1854-1784

24 .............................................................................. David Pacifico
"25 .............................................................. "1881-1804
25 .......................................................................... Benjamin Disraeli
"28 ................................................................ "1880-1796
28 ............................................................................ Isaac Cremieux
"29 ................................................................... "1886-1810
29 ................................................................................. David Yulee
"30 ............................................................... "1899-1835
30 ................................................................................. Julius Vogel
"30 ................................................................ "1948-1855
30 .................................................................................Isaac Isaacs
"31 .............................................................. "1934-1862
31 .......................................................................Emmanuel Carasso
31 ............................................................................ :
"32 .............................................................. "1963-1870
32 ............................................................................ Herbert Samuel
"34 ....................................................................... "1872-1950
34 ................................................................................... Leon Blum
"35 ............................................................ "1982-1907
35 ................................................................... Pierre Mendes-France
"36 ................................................................. "1911-1990
36 ...............................................................................Bruno Kreisky
"37 ........................................................................ "1923
37 ............................................................................ Henry Kissinger
39 ......................................................................................
39 .............................................................................. Jewish Money
40 .......................................................................... :
" " 40 .....................................
40 ...................................................................Jewish Powerlessness
: 43 .........................................................
43 ...................................................................................
43 ....................................................................... The Jewish Genius

- - 2

718

 45 ...............................................................
45 ........................................... Geniuses from the Jewish Communities
47 ..............................................................................
47 .............................................. Jewish Eminence and Distinctiveness
53 ....................................................................................
53 ............................................................................... Jewish Crime
53 ..............................................................
53 .................................... Criminal Elements from Jewish Communities
58 .........................................
58 ............ Famous Criminals from Jewish Communities in Modern Times
61 .......................................................
61 ............................ Geniuses and Criminals from Jewish Communities
" " 61 ..................................................................
61 ....................................................................... Benjamin of Tudela
" " 62 ..........................................................
62 .......................................................................... Dahiya Al-Kahina
"62 ...................................................................... "1055-993
62 ................................................................................... Ibn Nagrila
"63 ............................................ Rodrigo Lopez"1594-1525
"65 ............................................................. "1703-1635
65 .................................................................... Joseph Oppenheimer
"66 .............................................................. "1780 1715
66 ............................................................................... Jacob Periere
"67 ................................................................ "1912-1839
67 ................................................................................. Yaqub Sanu
"73 ................................................................."1926-1874
73 ............................................................................... Harry Houdini
"74 ............................................................... "1955-1879
74 .............................................................................. Albert Einstein
"76 ..............................................................."1983 1902
76 ...............................................................................Meyer Lansky
"77 .................................................................."1982-1904
77 ........................................................................... Leopold Trepper
"78 ................................................................. "1983-1905
- - 2

719

79 ............................................................................. Arthur Koestler

"80 ........................................... Jacob Kreiser"1969-1905
"80 ..........................................................."1991 1923
80 ............................................................................ Robert Maxwell
: 83 .......................................................
83 .....................................................................................
83 ....................................................................... Jewish Isolationism
85 ...................................................................................
85 ............................................................. Quintessential or Pure Jew
85 ..................................................................................
85 ................................................................ Racial Purity of the Jews
" " 89 .......................................................
"89 ....................................Jewish Diseases "Jewish Medical Specificity

89 .......................................................................................... :
2 92 ...................... :
""93 ..........................................................................
93 .................................................. Cultural "Ethnic" Purity of the Jews
94 ................................................................................
94 .......................................................................... Jewish Specifcity
99 ..........................................................................................
99 ................................................................................. Assimilation
99 ...................................................................................
99 ................................................................... Structural Assimilation
100 .................... :
104 ..................................................................
104 .....................................Verbal Isolation and Structural Assimilation
: 105 .............................
Political and Economic, and Cultural Assimilation: Their Different Forms

105 ................................................................................................
1 105 .................................................................... : 1 106 ............................................................................ : : 109 ................................................................
- - 2

720

109 ..............................Assimilation of the Jewish Communities: History

"111 .......................................................... "1809-1768
111 ....................................................................... Berek Yoselewicz
112 .............................................................................
112 ................................................................................. Dissolution
113 ......................................................................................
113 ................................................... Forcible Assimilation of the Jews
: 113 ......................................................................
113 .................................................. Assimilation: The Zionist Position
115 ..................................................................................
115 ...................................................... Mixed Marriage; Intermarriage
116 .............. :
121 ...................................................................................
121 ......................................................................... Silent Holocaust
"" 121 ..................................................................Volk
122 ..................................................................................
122 ........................................................... Volk "Organic" Nationalism
124 ...........................................................................
124 ................................................................................ Pariah Volk
129 .......................................
129 .. The Jewish Sense of Eternal Exile and Permanent Desire for Return
130 ...................................................................................
130 ......................................................................... Exile and Return
134 ..........................................................................................
134 .......................................................................................Return
134 .........................................................................................
134 ...........................................................Dispersion; Diaspora; Exile
134 .......................................................................................
134 ....................................................................................Diaspora
" " 135 ...............................................................
135 .........................................................................................Galut
"" 136 ......................................................................
136 ......................................................................................Tefuzot
136 ........................................................................
- - 2

721

136 ...................................................................Dina de Malkuta dina

137 ....................................................................................
137 ...............................................................Ingathering of the Exiles
" " 137 ..............................................................
"137 ................................................. Forcing the End "Dahikat ha-Ketz
137 ....................................................................................
137 ............................................................. Beginning of Redemption
138 .............................................................
138 .................................................................... Samaritan Diaspora
138 .............................................................
138 ......................................................................... Khazar Diaspora
" " 138 ......................................................................
138 ........................................................................... Golden Medina
139 .................................................................................
139 ........................................................................ Second Diaspora
" " 139 ................................................................
"139 ...............................................Second Exodus "or Exodus of Zion
140 ............................................................................
140 .......................................................................... Israeli Diaspora
140 ........................................................................
140 ..............................................Diffusion of the Jewish Communities
: 141 ............................................
: 141 ........................................................
141 ........... Migrations of Memebers of Jewish Communities: Introduction
144 .......................................................................................
144 ................................................................................. Settlement
144 .......................................
Migrations of Memebers of Jewish Communities up to the Beginning of
144 ............................................................................ Modern Times

146 ..............................................
146 ..... Migrations of Memebers of Jewish Communities in Modern Times
148 ................:
" : 148 ....................... .
- - 2

722

" : 148 ....................................... .1880

" : 1881 149 ............................................ .1939
- - 1881
154 ...................................................................................... .1948
" : 1948 155 ............................................
158 ......................................
Diffusion of Memebers of Jewish Communities in the World and Their
158 ................................................................... Relation to Palestine
1915- " 1948 163 .. "2

166 ................................................................................
166 ................................................................... Permanent Diaspora
166 .............................................................
167 ............................................................................
167 ..................................................................... Electronic Diaspora
: 168 ...................................................................
: 168 ............................................................
168 ......................................................................
168 ........................................................... Major Jewish Communities
" " " " 168 ..............................
Sephardim and Ashkenazim as Synonymous with Oriental and Western
168 ......................................................................................... Jews

"" " "" ""

169 ........................................................................... :
170 .........................................................................................
170 ................................................................................. Sephardim
173 ............................... :
175 ........................................................................................
175 ............................................................................... Ashkenazim
178 ..................................................................................
178 ............................................................................ Western Jews
179 .................................................................................
179 ............................................................................. Oriental Jews
180 ..................................................................................
- - 2

723

180 ............................................................................ Arabized Jews

: 181 ................................................................ 1967
181 ......................................................... Sabra: Pre 1967 Generation
:
182 ................................................................................................
186 .................................................................................
186 ............................................. Canaanite Movement; Semitic Action
: 188 ....................................................
188 .............................................................
188 ...................................... Extinct and Marginal Jewish Communities
189 ..................................................................................
189 ...............................................................................Crypto-Jews
190 ..........................................................................................
190 ......................................................................................Anusim
190 .......................................................................................
190 .......................................................................... The Portuguese
: 190 ......................................................................
190 ............................................... The Marranos History and Doctrine
" " .
195 ..................................................................................:
199 ...................................................................................
199 ............................................................................. Jedid al-Islam
199 ........................................................................................
199 .................................................................................... Chuetas
200 ......................................................................................
200 ...................................................................................Romaniot
200 .......................................................................................
200 ................................................................................Indian Jews
201 ......................................................................................
201 ................................................................................ Bene Israel
203 ....................................................................................
203 .............................................................................. Cochin Jews
204 ........................................................................ :

- - 2

724

 205 ....................................................................................
205 ............................................................................. Mainpur Jews
205 ..................................................................................
205 ........................................................................... Baghdadi Jews
206 ....................................................................................
206 ........................................................... The Jews of the Caucasus
206 ...................................................................................
206 ........................................................................... Georgian Jews
Error! Bookmark not defined...............................................:
Error! Bookmark not defined................................................ :
209 ................................................ :
210 .....................................................................................
210 ............................................................................ Bukhara Jews
" " 211 .........................................................
"211 ................................... Mountain Jews "Tat Jews; Daghestan Jews
213 ......................................................................................
213 .............................................................................. Khazar Jews
" " 219 .......................................................
"219 ................. Krimchaki "History of the Jews of the Crimean Peninsula
220 ...................................................................................
220 ............................................................................. Kurdish Jews
" " 221 ......................................................................
"221 ...................................................... Chinese Jews "K'aifeng Jews
224 ...................................................................................
224 ................................................................................Negro Jews
224 .................................................................................
224 ............................................................................ Black Hebews
225 ........................................ :
226 ....................................................................................
226 ................................................................................ Black Jews
: 226 ...........................................................................
226 ....................................................... Falashas: History and Identity
232 ...................................................................................
- - 2

725

232 .............................................................. Transfer of the Falashas

234 ...................................................................................
234 ............................................................................. Falasha Mura
: 236 .................................................................
236 ................................................................................
?236 ............................................................................ Who is a Jew
236 .......................................................................
236 ......................................................... Jewish Character or Identity
239 .................................................
239 .................... Jewish Identities as a Cumulative Geological Construct
241 ........................................................
241 ...................................... History of Jewish Identities till the Present
249 ..................................................................
249 .......................................... Religious Definition of Jewish Identities
251 ..................................................
251 .............................. General Map of Jewish Identities at the Present
254 .................................................
254 ............................New Jewish Identity in Modern Western Societies
262 ............................................................
262 ..................................... Non-Jewish Jew and Jewish in Some Way
"265 ............................................................ "1861-1802
265 ............................................................................ Friedrich Stahl
"266 ............................................................. "1864-1825
266 ......................................................................Ferdinand Lassalle
"267 ..............................................................."1919-1867
267 .................................................................................Kurt Eisner
"267 ..................................................................... "1886-1935
267 ................................................................................... Bela Kun
"268 ............................................................ "1971-1892
268 ............................................................................Matyas Rakosi
269 ...................................................................................
269 ................................................................... Claiming Jewishness
270 ............................................................................
270 ........................................................... Heberw-Speaking Gentiles
- - 2

726

 271 ....................................................
271 .... Members of Jewish Communities and the Issue of National Identity
" 273 ............................................................................. :
" 273 ............................................................................. :
274 .............................................................
274 ............................................ Zionist Definitions of Jewish Identities
1 275 ............................................................................. :
2 275 ..................................................................... :
3 275 .............................................................................. :
276 ................................
Jewish Identities and the Contradiction Between the Zionist Outlook and
276 ............................................................................Israeli Practice
1 277 ...............................................................:

2 278 .............................................................. :
3 278 ......................................................... :
4 279 ............................................................................. :
"284 ..................................................................... " 1922
284 ............................................................................ Brother Daniel
"285 ................................................................ "1942-1891
285 ................................................................................. Edith Stein
286 ............................
Response of the Members of the Jewish Communities to the Zionist
286 ...................................................... Definitions of Jewish Identities

: 291 .............................................................
: 291 .........................................................................
291 ..............................................The Jews: The Problem of Definition
292 ....................................................................
292 ........................................................................................ Jewry
292 .................................................................................
292 ......................................................................The Jewish People
292 .........................................................................................
292 ................................................................................ The People
293 ...............................................................................
- - 2

727

293 ................................................................... Jewish Communities

297 ...........................................................................................
297 ........................................................................Community; Taifa
298 ...........................................................................................
298 ..................................................................................... Hebrew
300 .........................................................................................
300 ............................................................................. Israel; Yisrael
301 ......................................................................................
301 ................................................................................ Banu Israel
301 ...................................................................................
301 .................................................................. The People of Yisrael
301 ...................................................................................
301 ............................................................................. Israel; Yisrael
302 ......................................................................................
302 ................................................................................Am Haaretz
303 ........................................................................................
303 .......................................................................................Yishuv
304 ................................................................................. Jew
"" 306 ....................................... :
306 ............................................................................... Zionist
307 ............................................................................... Israeli
: 307 ......................................................................
307 .....................................
Worldwide Number and Distribution of the Jewish Communities to the
307 ..................................................................................... Present

: 319 ..............................................
"319 . Worldwide Number of the Jewish Communities "Some Problematics
320 ....... :
1 320 ................................................................... :
2 321 ............................................................................. :
3322 ....................................................................................... :
4322 ....................................................................................... :
5 323 ............................................................................... :
- - 2

728

 "323 .... "1992

Recent "1992" Worldwide Number and Distribution of the Jewish
323 ...................Communities and Some of Their Demographic Features
323 ..................................................................:

325 .... :1992

325 ..................................................................................... :
326 ............................................................................. :
327 ........................................................................................... :
328 ......................................................................................... :
328 ...........................................................................................:
329 ................................................................................... :
332 ........................................... 1995
Current "1995" Worldwide Number and Distribution of Jewish
332 .............................................................................. Communities
332 ............................................................... :

333 ...........................................................................
333 .......................................................... Death of the Jewish People
: 338 ...........................................................
: 338 .............................................................
338 .................................................................
?338 ............................................... Jews or Jewish Functional Groups
338 ...............................................................
338 ....................................... Jewish Communities and Class Affiliation
340 .........................................
Reasons for the Transformation of Some Jewish Communities into
340 .......................................................................Functional Groups

342 .................................................................
342 ............... Relationship between Jewish Communities and Agriculture
345 ........................................................
345 .............................. Jewish Functional Groups in the Western World
346 ................................................................
346 ...................Relationship between Jewish Communities and Industry
346 .........................................................
- - 2

729

347 .............................. Capitalism, Socialism, and Jewish Communities

: 347 ........................................
Transformation of Jewish Communities into Functional Groups: History

347 ................................................................................................
351 ..........................................
351 ................. Main Traits of Jewish Communities as Functional Groups
1 " "351 .................................................. :
2 352 ........................................................................ :
3 "" 353 .......................................
4 354 ............................................................................. :
5354 ..................................................................................... :
6 " " 354 .......................................
: 356 ......................................................
356 ...................................... Jewish Functional Groups: Different Kinds
: 356 ...................................
"" 357 .....................................................
"357 ..................... Jewish Military Settler Functional Group "Mercenaries
377 .........................................................................................
377 ................................................................................ Radhanites
" " 377 .......................................................
"377 ......... Jewish Financial Functional Group "Usury and Money Lending
385 ...................................................................................
385 ....................................................................... Middleman Group
386 .................................................................................
386 ............................................................................. Jewish Trade
386 ....................................................................................
386 ............................................................................. Jweish Usury
386 ....................................................
386 ............................. Taxes Paid by Members of Jewish Communities
391 .....................................................
391 ......................... Members of Jewish Communities as Tax Collectors
392 ............................................................................
392 .................................................... Army Contractors and Suppliers
- - 2

730

 " 395 ........................................................................ "1687-

395 ................................................................................. Jack Pavia
395 ......................................................................
395 ....................................................... Arenda and Settler Feudalism
" " 403 ............................................................
403 ................................................................ Wine and Liquor Trade
405 .........................................................................................
405 .................................................................................Advertising
407 .....................................................................................
407 ............................................................................... Slave Trade
: 410 ....................................................................
410 .....................................................................................
Servi Camerae Regis; Kammerknechtschaft; Serfs of the Royal Chamber
Error! Bookmark not defined............................................................

416 .....................................................................................
416 .................................................................. Court Jews; Hofjuden
"421 .......................................................... "1055-915
421 ...................................................................... Hisdai Ibn Shaprut
"421 ................................................................"991-930
421 .......................................................................... Yaqub Ibn Killis
" 422 .............................................................. "1273-
422 ..................................................................... Solomon Ibn Zadok
" " 423 .......................................................
423 ......................................................................................... Teka
" - " 424 ..........................................
424 .................................................................... Ibn Shoshan Family
" Attar Family - " 425 .........................
"425 ........................................................... "1209-1131
425 ................................................................... Sheshet Benveneste
"425 ............................................................... "1406-1454
426 .................................................................. Abraham Benveneste
"" "426 ...................................................... "1569-1510
"426 ............................................................ Donna Gracia "Mendesia
" ""427 .................................................... "1520-1603
- - 2

731

"427 .................................................. Solomon Abenaes "Aben-Ayesh

" 428 ................................................................... "1616-
428 ......................................................................... Samuel Palache
" " "429 .................................... "1634-1570
"429 ....................................Bassevi of Treuenberg "Jacob ben Samuel
"429 ............................................................"1703-1635
429 ..................................................................Samuel Oppenheimer
"431 ............................................................ "1724-1658
431 ....................................................................Samson Wertheimer
"431 ................................................................ "1730-1661
431 ......................................................................... Bernard Lehman
" - " 432 .......................................
432 ................................................................... Abraham Ben Waish
"432 ............................................................."1848-1780
432 .......................................................................... Joseph Hambro
432 ..................................................................................
432 .................................................................... Bleichroeder Family
433 .......................................................................................
433 ............................................................................ Speyer Family
434 .....................................................................................
434 .................................................................... Financial Mamlukes
: " ..." 437 .............................
437 ....................................................................
437 ............................................... Different Jewish Functional Groups
437 ......................................................................................
437 .......................................................................... Pleasure Sector
438 .......................................................................
438 ...................................................... Prostitution and White Slavery
443 ...........................................................................................
443 ....................................................................................Medicine
444 ..........................................................................................
444 .................................................................................Translation
444 ............................................................
445 ..............................................Jewish Espionage and Jewish Spies
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732

445 ..........................................................
445 .................................. Spies from Members of Jewish Communities
446 ............................................................................................
446 ............................................................................................ Nili
447 .....................................................................................
447 ............................................................................... Lavon Affair
448 ....................................................................................
448 .............................................................................. Pollard Affair
451 ................................................................"1868-1816"
451 ...........................................................................Ibrahim Nathan
451 ......................................................... "1913 1832"
451 .......................................................................Arminius Vambery
453 ................................................................."1892 1840"
453 ............................................................................... Emin Pasha
453 .............................................................. "1920 1874"
453 .............................................................................. Sidney Reilly
454 ................................................................"1918 1869"
454 ............................................................................... Yevno Azeff
454 ............................ " 1953 - 1916" " 1953 - 1918"
454 .......................................................... Julius and Ethel Rozenberg
455 ............................................................. :
455 ....................................................
Peripherality as Manifestation of the Functionality of the Jewish
455 .............................................................................. Communities

466 ...................................................................................
466 ................................................................ Marginality of the Jews
467 ....................................................................................
467 ............................................................... Abnormality of the Jews
469 ....................................................................................
469 ................................................................. Parasitism of the Jews
470 .......................................................................... " "
471 ................................................................................ Luftmensch
472 .......................................................................................
472 ................................................................... Schnorers" Beggars"
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 473 ..................................................
473 ..... Secret Languages of Some of the Functional Jewish Communities
475 .....................................................
475 ............. Financial Crimes of Some Members of Jewish Communities
480 .....................................
480 ...................... Smuggling and the Jewish Communities in the U.S.A.
482 .................................................................................
482 ............................................................... Panama Canal Scandal
" 484 ................................................................... "1782-
484 ........................................................................... Samuel Sunbal
"485 ............................................................... "1942-1878
485 .......................................................................Moses Annenberg
" - 1925" 485 ......................................................................
485 ............................................................................. Lester Crown
" - 1917"486 ....................................................................
486 ............................................................................... Ivan Boesky
: 487 ........................................................
: 487 ..................................................................
487 ...................................................................................
487 ............................................................................. Anti-Semitism
: 487 .........................................................................
487 .......................................................... Anti-Semitism: Terminology
" " 489 ......................................................
489 ...............................................................Structural Anti-Semitism
: 490 ....................................................
"490 .................. Anti-Semitism "Causes and the Process of Stereotyping
498 ............
Anti-Semitic Stereotypes, Classics of Anti-Semitic Literature, and History
498 ..............of Anti-Semitism to the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century

"504 ......................................................... "1521-1469

504 .................................................................. Johannes Pfefferkorn
" - 1490" 505 .................................................................
505 .......................................................................... Anton Margarita
505 .......................................
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505 ..................... Anti-Semitic Stereotypes since the Eighteenth Century

512 .........................................................
512 ...................... History of Anti-Semitism since the Eighteenth Century
512 :
516 .......................... :
518 ..................................................
518 .................... Classics of Anti-Semitism since the Eighteenth Century
521 ..............................................................................
521 ...........................................................Prejudice Against the Jews
522 ...........................................................................
522 ......................................................................New Anti-Semitism
522 ...............................................................
522 ..............................Some Concrete Manifestations of Anti-Semitism
522 ......................................................................................
522 ....................................................................... Expulsion of Jews
523 ............................................................. :
524 ................... :
524 .................................. :
527 .......... :
528 .......................................................................
528 ............................................................... Desecration of the Host
529 ........................................................................................
529 .................................................................................Blood Libel
532 ....................................................................................
532 ......................................................................... Damascus Affair
"532 ................................................................ "1934-1874
532 ............................................................................. Mendel Beilis
"" 533 .......................................................................
533 ................................................................... Pogrom or Massacre
535 ..............................................................................
535 ........................................................................... Fettmilch Riots
536 .......................................................................................
536 .................................................................................... Kishinev
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735

 "537 .................................................................. "1915-1884

537 .................................................................................. Leo Frank
540 ..................................................................................
540 ............................................................................. Dreyfus Affair
543 .................................................................
543 ................................................ Grand or World Jewish Conspiracy
546 .................................................................................
546 ............................................................ Demonization of the Jews
547 ....................................................................
547 ...................................................... Protocols of the Elders of Zion
" ..."
548 ..................................... :
553 ..................................................................................
553 ........................................................................ International Jew
"553 ........................................................... "1879-1825
553 ........................................................................... Jacob Brafman
554 ...................................................................................
554 .......................................................................... Wandering Jew
555 .......................................................................................
555 ................................................................................... Hep, Hep
555 ....................................................................................
555 ........................................................................ Kike and Sheeny
556 ..................................................................................
556 ................................................................................ Israel West
: 557 ..............................................................
" " / 557 .....
Anti-Semitism "and Pro-Zionism" as a Latent Possibility\ Proble-matic
557 ................................................. since the Middle Ages in the West

" " 558 .....................................................................

558 ........................................................................... Phlio-Semitism
559 ........................................... :
560 ..........................................................................................
561 ..................................................................................... Shylock
"565 ......................................................."1881-1821
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736

565 .................................................................. Foyodor Dostoyevsky

567 ............................................................... :

568 ..................................................................................:
/ "571 ......................................................"1917-1844
571 ........................................................... Edouard-Adolphe Drumont
"571 ................................................................"1915-1844
571 ................................................................................ Karl Lueger
"572 ........................................................ "1912-1849
572 ....................................................................August Strindenberg
"574 ............................................................... "1982-1946
574 .......................................................................Reiner Fassbinder
575 ............................................................
576 .................................................................. Jewish Anti-Semitism
576 ..............................................................................
576 .........................................................................Jewish Self-Hate
"578 ................................................................... "1880-1933
578 ........................................................................... Otto Weininger
"579 ................................................................ "1927-1880
579 .......................................................................... Arthur Trebitsch
"579 ............................................................. "1933 1872
579 ......................................................................... Theoder Lessing
580 ......................................... Arab Anti-Semitism
: 585 ........................................................
585 .... Nazi Extermination of Western Jewry: The Problem of Terminology
" 588 ....................................... Holocaust "Extermination
588 ...........................................................................................
588 ....................................................................................... Shoah
588 .................................
Extermination and Deconstruction of Man as a Potentiality in Modern
588 .....................................................................Western Civilization

597 ........................................................................................ :
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737

 598 .............................................................................. Aryans

598 ..........................................................
598 .............................. Historical Realization of the Genocidal Potential
" " ""
.
599 ....................................................... :
605 ...................................................................
605 ................................. German Cultural Context of the Extermination
607 ..........................................................................
607 ................................................... Nazism and Western Civilization

608 .................................................................... :
615 ............................ :
616 .......................................................
616 ................. German Political and Social Context of the Extermination
619 ...............................................
619 ....... Jewish-German Political and Social Context of the Extermination
626 ..............................................................................
626 ...................................................... Nazi Extermination of Gypsies
" " 1976 1889 629 ...................................................
629 ....................................................... Martin Heidegger and Nazism
: 635 .............................................
635 ...........................
The Problematic of Value-free Science and Technology Divorced From
635 ........................................................................Human Teleology
640 ... :

647 ...................................................................................
647 .............................................. Instrumentalization of the Holocaust
651 ...................................................................................
651 ..........................................................Monopolizing the Holocaust
652 ...........................................................
652 ................... Denial of the Holocaust and Western Cultural Discourse
657 ...................................... :
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 659 ...............................................................
659 .. The Problematic of the Final Solution and the Wannsee Conference
" " " "
Error! .... :
Bookmark not defined.

" "663 ............................................................

663 ........................................ Concentration and Extermination Camps
665 .......................................................................................
665 .................................................................................. Auschwitz
: 667 ........................................
Six Milion Jews: Number of European Jewish Victims of Nazi
?667 ........................................................................... Extermination

667 ................................................................... :
668 ...........................................
Disappearance and Death of the Jewish People after the First World War

668 ................................................................................................
1 669 ................... :
2 670 .................................................................... :
3 671 .................................................................. :
671 ............................................................
671 ...................... The Problematic of Hunting down Nazi War Criminals
672 ...................................................................................
672 ........................................................................... Eichmann Trial
674 ............................................................................
675 ....................................................................... Klaus Barbie Trial
675 ...................................................................................
675 .......................................................................... Waldheim Affair
676 .................................................................................
676 ........................................................................... Demanjuk Trial
"677 ....................................................................?- "1908
677 ....................................................................... Simon Wiesenthal
678 .................

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739

Some Developments of the Western Discourse on the Nazi Extermination

678 ...................................................................... of European Jewry

: 679 ................................
679 ..............................................
Collaboration between Some Members of the Jewish Communities and
679 ................................................................................... the Nazis

679 .................................................................
679 ....................................................... Jewish Resistance to Nazism
681 ...............................................................................
681 ...................................................................Fascism and Zionism
: 682 ......................................
Nazism and Zionism "Common Intellectual Origins and Structural
"682 ................................................................................Parallelism

685 .............................................................................
685 ........................................................ Nietzscheanism and Zionism
: 690 .................................................................
690 ........................................... Nazism and Zionism: Actual Relations
"" 696 ......................................................................
696 ............................................................ Haavrah "Transfer" Treaty
700 ..................................................................................
700 .................................................................................... Judenrat
701 .............................................................................
702 ............................................................... Juedischer Kulturbaund
703 .................................................................................
703 ........................................................................... Thereseinstadt
703 ............................................................:
704 .....................................................................................
704 .......................................................................... Warsaw Ghetto
706 .............................................................................
706 ....................................................................... Stern and Nazism
707 ...................................................................................
707 ...........................................................................Brit Habiryonim
"708 ................................................................. "1864-1943
708 ............................................................................. Alfred Nossig

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740

709 ......................................................"1944-1877"
709 .................................................................Mordechai Rumkowski
710 ............................................................ "1932-1880"
710 .......................................................................Adam Czerniakow
711 .............................................................. "1942-1880"
711 ........................................................................... Hayyim Kaplan
712 ............................................................ "1963-1884"
712 .......................................................................... Kurt Blumenfeld
713 ........................................................... "1957-1906"
713 ......................................................................... Rudolph Kastner
714 ......................................................
714 ....... Arabs, Moslems, and the Nazi Extermination of European Jewry
716 ......................................................................... Muselmann
717 ...............................................................................................

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