CN SX Ruou Bia Va NC Giai Khat 1 7305

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK
MC LC
Chmkng 1 CNG NGH SN XUT RlU ETYLIC ................. 1
1.1 NGUYN LIU V YU CU K
THUT...................................................1
1.1.1 Ng
(bp) .........................................................................................................1
1.1.2
Sn................................................................................................................
1.1.3....2
Khoai.........................................................................................................
.......2
1.1.4 Cc nguyn liu
khc .......................................................................................3
1.1.5 Mt r
mng.....................................................................................................3
1.2 CC PHljNG PHP CNG NGH SN XUT CN
ETYLIC.................4
1.2.1 Sk tng
qut ................................................................................................4
1.2.2 Cc phmkng php sn xut in
hnh...............................................................5
1.2.2.1 Quy trnh sn xut etanol t nguyn liu cha nhiu tinh
bt......................5
1.2.2.2 Chmng ct v tinh ch cn
etylic.................................................................13
1.2.2.3 Tn tht trong sn xut v hiu sut
rmu...................................................24
Chmkng 2 CNG NGH SN XUT RlU VANG NHO ............
28
2.1 TNG QUAN, PHN LOI SN
PHM...........................................................28
2.1.1 Nhm vang khng c gas....................................................................................29
2.1.1 Nhm vang c
gas...............................................................................................29
2.2 CNG NGH SN XUT VANG NHO TRNG, CHAMPAGNE V
RlU
NGUYN LIU CHO
COGNAC ...............................................................................29
2.2.1 c tnh chung ca nhm rmu...........................................................................29
2.2.2 Gii thiu quy trnh cng ngh ..........................................................................29
2.2.3 Nhng qu trnh ln men vang nho trng khng bnh thmng, nguyn nhn gy
ra v phmkng php khc phc ......................................................................................37
2.3 CNG NGH SN XUT VANG NHO
......................................................39
Chmkng 3 K THUT SN XUT BIA ...................................... 48

122
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I. NGUYN LIU DNG SN XUT

BIA .................................................49
4.1 Malt ..............................................................................................................
.....48
4.1.1 i
mch .......................................................................................................49
4.1.2 Lm sch v phn
loi....................................................................................52
4.1.3 Ra v st
trng ............................................................................................52
4.1.4 Ngm
ht .......................................................................................................53
4.1.5 lkm
mm .....................................................................................................58
4.1.6 Sy
malt .........................................................................................................65
4.1.7 Cc tc nghip cng ngh sau khi
sy ...........................................................70
4.1.8 Cc ch tiu cht lmng ca malt
bia..............................................................71
4.1.9 Sn xut mt s loi malt c
bit .................................................................72
4.2 Hoa
houblon.....................................................................................................74
4.2.1 Vai tr ca hoa houblon i vi cng ngh
bia .............................................74
4.2.2 Cc cht c gi tr ca hoa houblon i vi cng ngh
bia ..........................74
4.2.3 Bo qun hoa
houblon....................................................................................77
4.2.4 Cc dng ch phm hoa
houblon ..................................................................77
4.3
Nmc................................................................................................................
4.3.1
..78S nh hmng ca nmc n tin trnh cng
ngh .........................................78
4.3.2 S nh hmng ca nmc n cht lmng ca
bia ...........................................79
4.3.3 Nhng yu cu ck bn ca nmc dng nu
bia .........................................79
4.4 Nguyn liu thay
th .........................................................................................80
4.4.1 Nguyn liu giu tinh
bt...............................................................................80
4.4.2 Cc nguyn liu giu
mng .........................................................................80
II. K THUT SN XUT
BIA...........................................................................81
4.1 Quy trnh cng
ngh .........................................................................................81
4.2 Lm sch nguyn
liu .......................................................................................81
4.3 Nghin nguyn
liu ...........................................................................................81
123
4.3.1 Mc ch ca qu trnh
nghin.......................................................................81
4.3.2 Yu cu ca vic nghin nguyn
liu ............................................................82
4.3.3 Cch tin
hnh................................................................................................82
4.4 Nu nguyn
liu ...............................................................................................83
4.4.1 Mc
ch .......................................................................................................83
4.4.2 Cc yu t nh hmng n qu trnh
nu ......................................................83
4.4.3 Cc qu trnh xy ra khi nu
bia ...................................................................84
4.4.4 Cc phmkng php nu
bia ..............................................................................85
4.5. Lc dch
mng ...............................................................................................86
4.5.1 Mc
ch ........................................................................................................86
4.5.2 Cch tin
hnh ...............................................................................................86
4.6 Houblon
ha......................................................................................................87
4.6.1 Mc
ch .......................................................................................................87
4.6.2 Cc qu trnh xy
ra ......................................................................................87
4.6.3 Cch tin hnh houblon
ha ..........................................................................88
4.7 Lng trong v lm lnh dch ln
men...............................................................90
4.7.1 Mc
ch .......................................................................................................90
4.7.2 Cc qu trnh xy
ra ......................................................................................90
4.7.3 Phmkng php thc
hin .................................................................................91
4.8 Ln men dch
mng ........................................................................................91
4.8.1 Mc ch ca qu
trnh..................................................................................91
4.8.2 Cc qu trnh xy
ra ......................................................................................92
4.8.3 Cc yu t nh hmng n qu trnh ln
men ..............................................93
4.8.4 Phmkng php thc
hin .................................................................................86
4.9 Lm trong bia (lng, lc, ly
tm) ................................................................100
4.10 n nh
bia....................................................................................................102
4.11 Chit
bia ........................................................................................................103
124
4.12 Cc phmkng php nng cao bn cho

bia .................................................104
4.12.1 Khi nim v
bn ................................................................................104
4.12.2 Cc phmkng php x l
bia .......................................................................104
4.13 Cc ch tiu cht lmng ca
bia....................................................................106
4.13.1 Thnh phn ha hc ca
bia......................................................................106
4.13.2 Cc ch s cm quan ca
bia ....................................................................107
Chmkng 4 KTHUT SN XUT NlC GII KHT ........... 109

1 hp chm
chm...........................................................................................110
1.1 Qui trnh cng
ngh.........................................................................................110
1.2 Thuyt minh quy
trnh ...................................................................................110
2. K thut ch bin cam,
2.1qut
Quy.............................................................................117
trnh cng
.......................................................................................117
2.2ngh
Thuyt
minh quy
trnh.....................................................................................103
Mc lc, ti liu tham
kho...................................................................................109
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Bi i - Cng ngh ln men ng dng trong cng ngh thc phm,
NXB h Quc gia TP HCM.
2. T Triu Hi ,CaoTch Vnh k thut ch bin tri cy ,Nh xut
bnk 2001.
thng
3. Nguyn Vn Tip K thut sn xut hp rau qu . NXB Thanh nin
2000.
4. Nguyn Vn Tip , Cng ngh sau thu hoch v ch bin rau qu, NXB
KH&KT ,1996.
5. PGS. Trn Minh Tm , Bo qun v ch bin nng sn sau thu
hoch,
NXB Nng nghip TP HCM.1997.
125
Chmkng 1
CNG NGH SN XUT RlU ETYLIC

Nguyn tc ck bn
C th s dng tt c nguyn liu cha mng ln men mc hoc nguyn
liu cha gluxit c th chuyn ho thnh thnh mng ln men mc sn xut
rmu etylic.
Da trn nguyn tc , ngmi ta chia ra ba nhm nguyn liu sau:
- Nguyn liu cha nhiu tinh bt: go, ng, khoai, sn, la m, i mch
- Nguyn liu cha mng: r mng, nmc ma, tri cy chn
- Nguyn liu cha nhiu cellulose: rm r, g vn, mn cma
1.1 Nguyn liu v yu cu k thut
Trn thc t, ch c hai nhm nguyn liu u mc s dng trong sn
xut, nhm th ba do hiu qu kinh t km nn khng mc s dng.
nmc ta, go l cy lmng thc chnh, v vy khng ch trmng dng
go nu rmu m khuyn khch dng ng, sn, khoai thay th.
1.1.1 Ng (bp)
mc trng nhiu vng nhit i v nhit i nhm Trung M, Chu
, Ht ng c cha nhiu tinh bt, mt t mng, dng sn xut rmu etylic
rt tt.
Cu to ca ht ng gm phi v ni nh. Phi chim t 12 15% trng
lmng ht cn li l ni nh. Tinh bt ng ch yu nm trong ni nh, trong
gm 1015% amylose v 8590% l amylopectin. Ngoi ra trong ni nh cn
0.506% acid bo. Cc hp cht cha Nit trong ht ng hu ht protein, phn
ln thuc nhm zein, ngoi ra cn c prolamin, glutelin; albumin hu nhm
khng c; globulin chim khong 0.4% trng lmng ht. Zein l dng protein
khng y v thiu cc acid amin khng thay th nhm: triptophan, lysin. c
bit, hm lmng cht bo ng nhiu hn nhng loi ng cc khc v tp trung
ch yu phi (chim 3040 trng lmng phi), cht bo ny a s l acid chma
1 http://www.ebook.edu.vn
no, mu vng nht, chim 72% tng lmng cht bo, thmng ta tch phi ra
lm b nhn to hay du n, ht ng tch phi dng nu rmu.
Gluxit trong ng gm c:
- Tinh bt: 43.47 61.8%;
- mng: 1.76 4.62%;
- Destrin v pectin: 1.09 14.67%.
Bng 1.1 cho bit thnh phn % mt s ht ng cc.
Bng 1.1
Loi
Ng
Thc
i mch
La m
Cht
Thnh
bophn
Gluxit
nmcCelluloProtid
Tro
14.0
10.0
12.0
6.7
14.0
10.5
1.6
14.0
12.0
4.6
1.9
2.1
1.7
67.9
63.8
66.4
68.2
2.2
10.4
4.5
2.0
1.3
5.2
2.5
1.1.2 Sn (khoai m)
Thmng mc trng nhiu vng t i, khng cn nhiu n chm bn,
nng sut trung bnh 8 10tn/ha, thi gian sinh trmng t 10-12 thng. C
nhiu loi sn khc nhau nhm sn ng, sn ngt hoc da vo mu sc chia ra
sn vng v sn trng. Thnh phn ho hc ca sn tmi v kh nhm bng 1.2
Bng 1.2
Loi
Sn tmi
Sn kh
Cht
Thnh
bophn
Gluxit
nmcCelluloProtid
Tro
70.25 1.2
1.69
13.12 0.205
0.41
0.41
26.58
74.74
1.11
1.11
0.54
c bit ch l trong sn c acid HCN rt c, vi hm lmng 0.007 0.24%

trng lmng, HCN thmng tp trung v v x. Sn cng ng th cng cha
nhiu HCN. tch HCN ta c th ngm trong nmc sch hoc nmc vi.
1.1.3 Khoai
Trn th gii khoai mc dng nhm mt nguyn liu chnh sn xut cn
etylic. Loi khoai mc dng ph bin nht l khoai lang, ngoi ra thnh thong
cng c dng khoai ty. Thnh phn ho hc khoai lang, khoai ty (% khi
lmng) theo bng 1.3.
Trong tinh bt khoai lang c cha t 13-25% l amylose v 77-87% l
amylopectin. Khoai lang tmi rt kh bo qun, thmng ta phi ct lt phi kh
hoc sy.
Bng 1.3
Loi
Cellulo
Thnh phn
Tro nmc
Khoai ty tmi
74.9
Khoai lang tmi
68.1
Khoai lang kh4
12.9
Protid
1.99
1.6
6.1
Cht bo
0.15
0.50
0.50
Gluxit
20.8
0.98
27.9
0.90
76.7
1.4
1.09
1.00
2.
1.1.4 Cc loi ng cc khc

nmc ta thmng dng mt s ng cc nhm: ng, khoai, sn, tm, cm
go
Thnh phn (%) mt s ht ng cc ph bin nhm bng 1.4
Bng 1.4
Loi
Go gi
Go xay
Tm
Cm
Cellulo
Thnh phn
Tro nmc
12.6
11.6
11.8
44
12.5
Protid
9.00
9.10
8.90
13.17
Cht bo
0.5
2.45
1.00
10.12
Gluxit
77.0
74.79
77.0
38.72
0.40
0.65
0.60
14.05
0.50
1.41
0.70
11.
1.1.5 Mt r mng
L ph liu cha nhiu mng khng kt tinh trong sn xut mng ma
hoc c ci mng. Thng thmng t l r mng trong sn xut mng ma
khong 3-3.5% trng lmng ma. Tu thuc vo ging ma, iu kin trng trt,
cng ngh sn xut thnh phn r mng dao ng nhm sau: nmc 15-20%,
cht kh 80-85%. Trong 60% l mng (40% sacarose, 20% fructose v
glucose), 40% cht phi mng).
Thnh phn phi mng c khong 30-32% cht hu c v 6-10% cht v
c. Trong nhng hp cht hu c gm cc cht cha nit dng acid amin:
acid aspactic, glutamic, leuxin, izoleuxin. Ngoi ra cn mt s vitamin.
Mt khc, trong r mng lun c mt vi sinh vt vi mt rt ln.

Thmng gp nht l cc vi sinh vt gy mng v gy chua, dn ti lm gim cht
lmng r mng. V vy, trong sn xut ta hay dng flosillicate natri 2% oo so vi
trng lmng r mng bo qun.
lu im ca vic s dng r mng sn xut cn etylic so vi nhng
nguyn liu khc l:
- Gi r.
- Khi lmng ln, di do.
- S dng tin li.
- Ngun cung cp n nh.
- Khng vi phm chnh sch lmng thc.
1.2 CC PHljNG PHP CNG NGH SN XUT CN ETYLIC
1.2.1 Sk tng qut
Hnh
1.1
Tu thuc vo iu kin ban u, cc iu kin khch quan, ch quan

mi ni s p dng nhng phmng php c trmng ring. mi phmng php
u c th p dng theo 3 chiu hmng: gin on, bn lin tc, lin tc.
1.2.2 Cc phmkng php sn xut in hnh
1.2.2.1 Quy trnh sn xut etanol t nguyn liu cha nhiu tinh bt
Da trn c s s dng nm mc chia ra 2 phmng php.
A. Phng php Amylo:
y l phmng php c in. Nm mc dng mng ho tinh bt mc
nui cy ban u trong phng th nghim iu kin mi trmng c, nhmng khi
ma vo s dng th nm mc pht trin v mng ho trong mi trmng tmng
i long (nm mc nui v pht trin theo phmng thc chm su). Hin nay
phmng php ny vn cn dng ph bin mt s nmc trn th gii, trong
c Vit Nam.
Phmng php Amylo c nhng c im sau:
- Nh mng ho kh trit nn hiu sut rmu so vi nguyn liu cao.
- Tuy nhin, do chu k mt m rmu ko di nn nng sut hn ch.
- Nhmc im ln ca phmng php ny l kn chn nguyn liu: ch
thch hp vi go, bp (do nht thp khi h ho). Mt khc do thit b dng
mng ho (nm mc) v ln men (nm men) nn ch kim sot vi sinh vt
rt cht ch.
S quy trnh cng ngh
Hnh
1.2
Thc hin: Bt v nmc mc phi trn theo mt t l thch hp ( 1.5:3)

0
thng ngm (15-30pht), ng thi dng H SO
33
2
4 Be (4-6lit/tn bt) hoc HCl
200Be (8-9lt/tn bt), sau chuyn qua ni nu c cnh khuy, p lc nu
trong ni t t 3.5-4.2at, thi gian nu t 60-90pht tu loi bt. Sau khi nu
thnh cho chn, cho mc chuyn qua thng (thng mng ho v ln men).
0
Dng nmc di ngui thng h nhit khi cho t 100 C xung
cn
0
khong 39 C, kim tra chn ca cho (bng tc lc cho, Bal t 1218%). M van nn kh, ma bnh cu 1lit mc ging vo thng , tin hnh
mng ho t 35-40h, ng thi lin tc m kh nn. Kim tra khi mng t
50-60g/l th tip th tip tc ma mt bnh cu ng 1lit nm men vo, m mnh
van nn kh h p nhit xung cn khong 32 C,0 nn kh lin tc trong
24h pht trin sinh khi nm men, ng thi tip tc qu trnh mng ho.
Kim tra thy mng t 90-100g/l th dng kh nn, thc hin qu trnh ln
men k kh sinh etanol. Sau 72-96h tin hnh kim tra rmu, mng st,
acid, nhit v tnh trng nm men quyt nh thi im kt thc thi
im ln men.
1- Phiu ngm nguyn liu; 2- Ca np nguyn liu vo ni nu; 3- Ni nu;

4- H thYng truyn ng; 5- Van an ton; 6- Bnh du chYng tt Yng dn ra p k; 7p k; 8- Xng x hi tha; 9- Xng hi chnh; 10- Xng hi ph thuc vo ni; 11- Xng
ly mu; 12- Xng dn khYi nu sang thng ; 13- Bnh cha acid; 14- Xng nc
1- trc khuy; 2- cnh khuy my cho; 2- cnh khy mW neo; 3,3- vng x
nc lm ngui; 4- Yng dn cho vo; 5- Yng cy nm mYc, nm men; 6- Yng o nhit
; 7- bnh lc kh; 8- knh quan st; 9- bnh lc CO ; 210- Yng sang hm t thng ny
sang thng khc khi h hWng; 10- Yng rp vi Yng sang hm; 11- Yng ra t y c
th rp vi Yng dn hm ra 2 Yng dn hi kh nn; 12,12- Yng thm d.
B. Phng php Mycomalt

Mycomalt l ch phm ca nm mc, mc nui cy trn b mt ca mi
trmng c gm cm bi hoc bt ng v tru. Lmng ch phm th dng mng
ho kh ln, thmng t 10-12% so vi trng lmng nguyn liu tinh bt, lmng
nm men dng ln men chim khong 10% so vi th tch dch mng ln
men.
So vi phmng php Amylo, phmng php Mycomalt c mt s mu im
sau:
- t b chua, khng i hi ch v trng nghim ngt.
- Rt ngn chu k sn xut, tng nng sut dy chuyn.
- Thch hp cho quy m sn xut cng nghip quy m nh, va.
Nhmc im:
- Tn nhiu din tch nui cy nm mc (1m2 ch nui mc 10-16 kg).
- Tn nhiu bt ng, tru, cm nui cy nm mc.
- Thao tc nui cy nm mc phc tp, vt v hn.
- Tn nhiu thit b ln men, mng ho.
- Cn c my lnh lm ngui nhanh dch mng ho t 60 0C xung 300C.
Phmng php ny thmng s dng ging mc Asp.Ussami ( Asp.Niger).
c im ca ging mc ny l mng ho tt, song dch ho km nn trong sn
xut rmu ang c xu hmng kt hp vi Asp. Oryzae hoc Asp.Awamory.
sn xut etanol theo phmng php Mycomalt, trmc ht phi sn xut ra
mycomalt theo cc bmc sau:
a. Sn xut giYng trong phong th nghim:
- Lm mi trmng.
+ ng nghim: Nmc nm vng mng ho + nmc malt + agar.
+ Bnh tam gic: 100g bt ng + 30g tru gi nh + 120g nmc ct, hp trong
2h, ly ra 25-26g cho vo bnh tam gic loi 500ml, v trng p sut 1,5at
trong 30pht.
Sau khi phn lp hp petri vo t m 2-3 ngy, khi khun lc mc
thnh bo t ly hp petri ra, chn khun lc no c t mu vng, pha dmi
c t c mu vng nhn nheo, bo t c mu nu bc em cy vo 3-4ng
nghim thch. c ging mc n nh ngmi ta tin hnh cy truyn v bo

qun lnh (khng qu 4 ngy).
b. Sn xut mYc trung gian:
Phi ch nguyn liu: Bt ng nh100% + Tru nh 35% + nmc 75%
(theo trng lmng bt ng v tru); hoc Bt ng to 100%, bt ng nh 20%,
tru nh 20%, nmc 80% (theo trng lmng bt ng v tru).
Sau khi trn u xong, cho qua my nh ti ri ma i hp p sut
thmng trng 3h i vi bt ng nh, 2h i vi bt ng to.
Lm ngui v trn ging: Sau khi hp xong, nguyn liu mc ly ra cho
qua my nh ti v dng qut lm ngui. Khi nhit gim xung 36-38 0C,
trn ging mc vo theo t l 0.3% so vi trng lmng nguyn liu. Ch , trn
ging ging cho tht u. Khi nhit gim xung 30-310 C, cho nguyn liu
trn ging vo khay v ma vo phng mc. Lc u ta mc trong ng
nguyn liu ln nhm gi nhit, m cho ging pht trin, c 3 gi o trn mt
0
ln, nhit phng l 29-30 C,
m gi 95-100%. Sau 6h ng ln ta
chia thnh ng nh trn khay, dy 1.5-2cm, nhit phng khong trn
0
300C, gi n nh m, nhit trong ging khong 33 C,
sau 9-10h ng
nh ging s kt bnh. Khi ging kt bnh ta tin hnh b bnh nh, nhit
0
phng duy tr 29-31 0C, nhit ging khong 33-35 C.
Sau 5-10h th tin hnh
y vi sch, mt. Thi gian y vi mt ph thuc vo mi trmng kh hay m,
nhit trong phng cao hay thp. Thmng sau khi y vi mt th t pht trin
nhanh t mu trng thnh mu vng. n giai on ging pht trin mnh th
khng nn y vi v nhit ging s tng nhanh, nm di pht trin. Sau 3240h, bo t bt u chn en.
0
Sau 40-50h tip tc tng nhit phng ln 36 C
nhit ca ging
khng thay i qu nhanh. Khi ging chn n bo t en ht th sy ging
nhit 38-40 0C v m cui cng ca ging 14-15%.
Bo qun: Ging ly ra chma dng ht phi mc bo qun tt bng cch

sy ging kh v ng vo bao giy kh v sch.
c. Sn xut mycomalt (giYng sn xut)
Qu trnh ny cng gn ging nhm sn xut mc trung gian, vi cc cng

thc phi trn nhm sau: Bt ng nh100% + Tru nh 35-40% + nmc 50-55%
(theo trng lmng bt ng v tru); hoc Cm 100%, bt ng nh 25-30%, tru
nh 30%, nmc 48-50% (theo trng lmng bt ng v tru). Cch tin hnh
ging nhm sn xut mc trung gian.
Quy trnh sn xut etanol t nguyn liu bt theo phng php
mycomalt
Hnh
1.5
Nu s b: t l nmc nng/bt; 1.8-2.5L/kg, lmng acid tmng t nhm

phmng php Amylo, nu nhit 60-900C trong khong thi gian 30-75pht.
0
Nu chn: p sut nu 3.5 5at, nhit 110-120 C
trong 40-90pht. Sau
gim p sut xung cn 0.2-0.5at v nhit gim xung khong 102-105 0C
trong 40-50pht.
ng ho: b sung mycomalt 10-12% trng lmng nguyn liu, kim tra
hm lmng mng v pH nhm phmng php Amylo.
Ln men: B sung men ging 1lit ging phn lp trong bnh tam gic cho
mt tn nguyn liu ban u. Sau 72-96h tin hnh kim tra rmu, mng st,
pH tin hnh dng qu trnh ln men.
http://www.ebook.edu.vn 10
Quy trnh sn xut etanol t r ng bng phng php mycomalt
Hnh
1.6
khu pha long s b thc hin acid ho v x l tp cht trong mt

r cn tun th:
- Nng mt r khng ch t 50-600Bx;
- Lmng acid cho vo t 0.35 - 0.4% trng lmng mt r;
- Lmng clorua vi 0.01 - 0.05%;
- Lmng KmnO4 khng qu 5ml/1000l mt r 50%;
- Thi gian acid ho: 4-6h (2-3h cho kh nn, 2-3h cho lng).
Vi phmng php ln men mt nng , v l phmng php n gin d p dng
nn mc s dng ph bin. Song, y l phmng php c nhiu nhmc im:
- Cng mt nng dch m phi thc hin hai nhim v l gy ging v ln
men nn nng rmu trong dm chn thp.
- Khng ch ng kim sot mc cht lmng men ging trmc khi ln men k
kh to etanol. Do vy, hiu sut ln men thmng thp, cht lmng rmu khng
cao.
khc phc nhng nhmc im nu trn y, ngmi ta chuyn sang
phmng php ln men vi hai nng khc nhau:
- Nng long: dng nui v gy men ging.
- Nng c: dng ln men sinh rmu.
iu kin k thut cn tun th khi pha long ln men c nng long:
- Nng mt r mc pha v 10-120 Bx, trong mng chim 6-8%.
- Lmng (NH4 )2 SO4cho vo t l 0.35-0.4% so vi trng lmng mt r.
- Super phosphat cho vo vi t l 1% so vi trng lmng mt r.
- chua 0.8-1 0.
- Nhit 27-30 0C.
iu kin k thut cn tun th khi pha dch ln men c nng c:
- Nng mt r mc pha v 30-320 Bx, trong mng chim 18-23%.
- Lmng (NH4 )2 SO4cho vo t l 0.18-0.2% so vi trng lmng mt r.
- Super phosphat cho vo vi t l 0.4-0.5% so vi trng lmng mt r.
- chua 0.6-0.8 0.
- Nhit 27-30 0C.
Bng phmng php ln men hai nng , kt hp vi iu kin ln men
gin on, bn lin tc hay lin tc s nng cao mc hiu sut tng thu hi,
ng thi cht lmng cn thu hi s tt.
Mt s s c thmng xy ra trong qu trnh ln men v bin php x l:
a. Ln men chm
Nguyn nhn:
- Nhit dch ln men qu thp, men ging sinh sn chm.
- Thiu cht dinh dmng.
- S lmng t bo nm men sng khng .
Bin php x l:
- Theo di n nh nhit .
- B sung cht dinh dmng: cm, (NH4)2SO 4, Ca (PO
)4
3
2
- Tng cmng thong kh cho trong giai on ln men.

b. acid tng nhanh
Nguyn nhn thmng do vi khun gy acid xm nhp.
Bin php x l:
- B sung nm men kho vo.
- Nng hm lmng H2 SO4hoc cho thuc st trng thch hp.
Bin php phng:
- Tng cmng cng tc qun l, gy men tt, lm v sinh thit b.
- Tng cmng st trng, thay ging men mi.
c Sinh mng (thng gp khi ln men r ng)
.Nguyn nhn: Vi khun sinh mng xm nhp.
Khc phc: nng cao acid khi ln men; gim bt (NH 4) SO
,4 Ca (PO
) 4.
2
3
d. Ln men qu nhanh (tng nhit )
Nguyn nhn:
- mng st tng.
- Nhit ln men cao.
- Khi ln men c vi khun xm nhp. Nm men cht nhiu.
X l:
- Tng cmng kim tra nhit ln men, di ngui kp thi.
- X l, kim sot vi khun
Khi qu trnh ln men rmu chm dt, ton b dch mng chuyn
thnh dm chn, cht lmng ca dm chn mc nh gi qua nhng ch tiu k
thut nhm: ln men, hm lmng cht mng ln men, acid, hm lmng
etanol
1.2.2.2 Chng ct v tinh ch cn etylic
Chmng ct l qu trnh phn tch nhng thnh phn ring bit trong hn
hp cht lng c nhit si khc nhau. Hi ca nhng cht lng nhit
khc nhau c p sut ring phn khc nhau, hi cht lng no c p sut ring
phn ln th cht lng si nhit thp hn v d bay hi hn. Nu p
sut thmng, nhit si ca rmu nguyn cht l 780C v nmc l 1000C, do
rmu d bc hi hn nmc.
Dm chn bao gm cc cht d bay hi nhm rmu etylic, ester, aldehyt, v

cc rmu bc cao. Cc cht ho tan khng bay hi nhm: destrin, protein, cc cht
v c cng vi mt t mng maltose chma ln men v cc cht khng ho tan
nhm: v tru, xc nm men. Do , dm chn l mt hn hp nhiu cu t. Hin
nay, l thuyt v chmng ct ch mi nghin cu h hai cu t, mt khc, thnh
phn ch yu ca dm chn l nmc v rmu etylic. V vy, ta xem dm chn nhm
l mt hn hp 2 cu t.
a. Tin hnh chng ct v tinh ch ru etylic
Dch mng sau khi ln men rmu xong em i chmng ct gi l dm chn.
Dm chn l mt hn hp rt phc tp, gm nhiu thnh phn, trong c cht
rn khng ho tan, nmc, etanol v cc tp cht bay hi. Thnh phn ca dm
chn ph thuc nhiu v nguyn liu ban u. Khi sn xut etanol t nguyn liu
ng cc, trong dm chn c nhiu v tru, do , s chuyn ng trong cc mm
v ng chy truyn ca cc thit b rt kh khn. Hm lmng rmu trong dm
chn dao ng ph thuc vo loi nguyn liu v phmng php cng ngh, thng
thmng t mt r c th t 7-10% (th tch), tinh bt khong 6-10% (th tch).
Dm chn t thng ln men nh bm ma ln thng tm cha, ri t y
s ma vo thp chmng ct. Rmu etylic v ton b cc tp cht bay hi ca dm
chn bc thnh hi v ngmng t thnh cn th, phn cn li cha cc cht rn v
huyn ph gi chung l b rmu. Trong b rmu c cha cc cht kh ph thuc
vo nguyn liu, nhm hm lmng cht th trong b rmu nu t khoai ty l
4.5%, t bp l 6.8%, v t r mng l 5.5%.
Bng 1.8 thnh phn b ru

ThnhNmc
phn b
theo %
Hm lmng nmc
Tinh bt v dextrin
Cellulose
Protid
Cht bo
Tro
Cht phi m ho
9 tan
sy kh
5.7
4.7
25.7
12.1
3.3
6.6
34.1
45.8
10.2
8.7
3.0
5.3
15.7
19.1
10.2
37.4
0
14.6
10.3
5.6
21.9
8.5
34.7
0.2
29.5
9.5
8.7
18.
Thnh phn ho hc ca cn th cng ph thuc vo tng nguyn liu: v

nng rmu yu cu khng mc thp hn 88% (theo th tch); v cm quan
th cn th l dung dch khng mu, c mi v c bit t r mng hay ng cc.
Hm lmng tp cht trong cn th yu cu phi t theo bng 1.9
Bng 1.9
Trong cn th
Tp cht
Aldehyt (tnh theo cn khan) % (th tch) khng hn

Ester (tnh theo acetat etyl) mg/l (trong cn khan) khng ln hn
Rmu metylic (tnh theo cn khan), % (th tch) khng
ln hn
T ng cc
0.03
500
0.13
T r mng
0.05
700
b. Cc loi thp chng ct:

chmng ct dm chn, trong cng ngh sn xut etanol ngmi ta thmng
dng thit b chmng ct mt thp hoc 2 thp.
- Thit b chng ct loi 1 thp (hnh 1.7).
Hnh
1.7
Thp ct gm 2 phn: phn dmi (B) l thp dm chn, phn trn (A) l
thp rmu.
Thp dm chn c nhim v tch rmu etylic khi dm chn theo nguyn
tc chmng ct n gin. Trong thp t t 15-22 a (loi chp nu dm chn t
r mng, loi lmi nu dm chn t nguyn liu bt). Phn dmi cng ca thp
dm chn l b phn bc hi lm nhim v tch rmu khi dm chn; hi i vo
thit b cn b tho ra khi thit b. Thp rmu A c nhim v c c hn hp
rmu nmc th hi bc ln t dm chn. Thp rmu gm t 15-18 a loi
lmi hoc chp.
S lm vic ca h thng thit b chmng ct loi 1 thp
Hnh
1.8
1- bm dm chn; 2- bu hi; 3- bnh ngng t (hm dm); 4- bnh lm lnh; 5- bu quan st ru;
6- b phn iu chnh b ru; 7- thng cha b; 8- bm b ru; 9- bnh ngng t ru st; 10bu quan st ru; 11- p k; 12- Yng dn nc; 13- b phn iu chnh hi nng; 14- b phn chn
khng; 15- cha sn phm.
Qu trnh lm vic thit b H 1.8

Dm chn t bm 1 qua thit b ngmng t 3 v mc nhit ngmng t ca
hi rmu nmc hm nng n 75 0C, theo mng ng i vo a trn cng ca
thp dm chn B. Cht lng ngmng t t a trn ca thp rmu A cng t t
chy xung. Dm chn chy t a trn cng ca thp B xung ti b phn bc
hi. Hi rmu - nmc t thp dm chn bc hi c c gn 30% v qua thp rmu
tip tc mc c c. Phn trn cng ca thp rmu c nng chng 88-90%v.
Hi rmu qua thit b ngmng t phn ln ngmng t thnh th lng v chy hon
lmu v a trn cng ca thp rmu A. Rmu c nng cng cao th lmng hi
lmu vo thit b cng nhiu. T s gia lmng rmu hi lmu v lmng rmu ct ra
gi l h s hi lmu. Khi nng rmu 88%v theo th tch th h s hi lmu l
2.5. Phn hi rmu sau khi qua bnh ngmng t 3 m chma mc ngmng t s tip
tc qua bnh lm lnh 4 tip tc ngmng t thnh sn phm lng. Sn phm ct
mc ban u gi l cn th s qua bu quan st 5 kim tra rmu ri chy
qua b phn ong rmu bn cha sn phm 15.
pha dmi ca thp dm chn B hi nng mc vo thp qua b phn

iu chnh hi 13, b rmu t b phn bc hi ca thp qua b phn tho b t
ng 6 tho vo thng cha b 7 ri nh bm 8 bm i. Hi ca b t b phn
tho b t ng 6 bc ra mc ngmng t v lm lnh nh b phn ngmng t kim
tra 9, qua bu quan st 10 kim tra rmu st trong b. Lmng rmu cn st
li trong b tho ra thmng l 0.015-0.018%v
- Thit b chng ct loi 2 thp
Hnh
1.9
A- on c c ru; B- thp dm chn; C- on ct ru st; D- thit b ngng t; E- thit b lm

lnh; T- thit b tch bt; 1 dm chn; 2- b ru; 3- hi nng; 4- cn th; 5- nc thi.
lu im ca thit b ny so vi thit b mt thp nng cht kh ca b

rmu rt cao v chiu cao ca thit b khng cao lm. H thng gm 2 thp; thp
1 l thp dm chn B; thp 2 chia lm 2 on, on c c A v on ct rmu
st C.
Dm chn mc hm nng bnh ngmng t D ri chy xung ngn trn
cng ca thp dm chn B, chy qua cc ngn t trn xung dmi v mc hi
nng 3 un nng phn dmi cng ca thp. B rmu mc ng dn b 2 tho
ra, cn hi rmu t thp dm chn bc ln qua b phn tch hi T vo on ct
rmu C v c c on c c rmu A. Hi rmu c c qua thit b ngmng

t tip tc qua thit b lm lnh E thnh sn phm cn th.
Hi nng 3 ma vo phn dmi thp lm bc hi rmu, cn nmc ngmng 5
mc tho ra ngoi.
Hi nng dng chmng ct cn th thmng hao tn t 16-20kg hi cho
100kg dm chn.
Nng sut thp chmng ct ph thuc vo tc hi, mng knh ca thp
v t s hi lmu.
- Thit b chng ct ly du fuzel
Hnh 1.10
A- thp dm chn; B- thp ru; D- bnh ngng t; E- bnh lm lnh cn th; F- bu quan st du
fuzel; E1- thit b lm lnh ru; O1- b phn gn du fuzel; O2- b phn ly du fuzel.
Nng rmu cn th khi ly du fuzel l 94-95%v . c mc nng

ca cn th ln th thp ct phi lm vic vi t s hi lmu ln, mc d s a
ca thp rmu ln. tng t s hi lmu, ngmi ta thmng tng cmng lm lnh
bnh ngmng t, nhm vy nng sut ca thp ct s gim v s hao tn hi s tng.
Rmu fuzel (hn hp rmu nmc) mc ly ra t bn a cui cng ca
thp rmu. Khi thp ct lm vic mc 10-12h, nng du fuzel s chy vo b
lm lnh E 1ri qua bu quan st F. V du fuzel mc ly ring theo tng a ,

do b lm lnh c 4 ng rut g lm lnh v trong bu quan st c 4 ng hnh
tr kim tra mu. Nhm vy, c th cn c vo xc nh xem nng
du fuzel a no l cc i. Cho nmc vo bu quan st F lm du fuzel
nh tmng (du c, trng), sau qua b phn gn, lng O1 du nh ni ln
trn, dung dch rmu nmc nng lng xung dmi, du ni ln trn mc ra
sch bng nmc, sau mc ma vo b phn ly du O2 phn ly ln cui
cng gia du vi nmc rmu. Hn hp rmu nmc cho chy vo nmc dm
chn. Lmng du fuzel thu mc thmng khong 35lt/dal (quy v cn khan)
trong cn th.
c. Tinh luyn cn th:
T dm chn, sau khi qua chmng ct ta thu mc cn th. Trong cn th c
cha nhiu tp cht c hi, ng thi nng rmu chma t yu cu. V vy,
mun thu mc cn etylic thc phm (cn tinh luyn), ta cn phi tinh luyn cn
th. Cn th thmng mc tinh ch trong cc thit b loi 1 thp lm vic gin
on hoc hai thp lm vic lin tc.
- Thit b tinh ch loi 1 thp lm vic gin on (h 1.13)
Ni ct l mt thng hnh tr lm bng thp y phng, np hnh chp c

ng hi gia. Trong ni ct c hai ng rut g lin tc un nng v o
trn. Trn np c ca quan st, ng dn cn th v dn nmc. Pha dmi ni ct
c van tho nmc thi, ngoi ra ni ct cn lp ng thu, nhit k v van chn
khng hay van thng ra khng kh. m bo sp sut hi mc n nh, trn
mng ng dn hi vo thp c lp b phn iu chnh hi. Thp tinh ch gm
nhiu on bng ng hay bng gang lp vi nhau bi vnh ai, mi on c
nhiu a loi chp hay loi lmi. Khong cch gia hai a thmng t 140230mm, s a trong thp khong 42-52a.
Sau qu trnh tinh luyn, ta s thu mc mt s sn phm sau:
+ Phn u l ester-aldehyt nhiu nht, ta gi l cn u.
+ Phn 2 l cn loi III, c c im cha tp cht u nhiu hn cn th ban
u.
+ Phn 3 l cn loi II, c cht lmng nhm cn th.
+ Phn 4 l cn loi I, cn gi l cn tinh, c nng 95.5%v.
+ Phn 5 l cn cui, cha nhiu tp cht cui.

+ Phn 6 l du fuzel, dng tch cht thm v lm dung mi hu c.
- Thit b tinh ch loi 2 thp lm vic lin tc (h 1.14)
Thit b gm 2 thp: thp aldehyt v thp tinh ch.
Nhim v ca thp aldehyt l tch cu t d bay hi hn etanol ra khi
cn th, ch yu l ester v aldehyt. Cn th tch ester aldehyt cn cha
du fuzel phn dmi ca thp aldehyt lin tc chy vo thp tinh ch; thp
tinh ch cn th mc tip tc tch du fuzel v tp cht u ra.
Thp aldehyt gm 2 phn: phn dmi B l phn bc hi cc tp cht u
c t 15-20 a. Tuy nhin, cng bc hi vi cc tp cht u cn c s bc hi
ca mt phn tp cht gia v cui cng. Phn trn A l phn c c cc tp
cht u c khong 15-20 a. Thp tinh ch cng gm 2 on: on dmi B l
phn chmng, on trn A l phn luyn. phn chmng hi, rmu etylic, cc tp
cht mc bay hi ln, cn du fuzel tp trung my a dmi. phn tinh
luyn, hi rmu nmc mc c c v rmu etylic mc tch khi tp cht u.
S lm vic ca thit b
Hnh 1.14
Cn th sau khi mc pha long vi nmc c nng khong 40-50%v

thng cha cao v, lin tc chy vo a trn cng ca phn bc hi thp
aldehyt 1. Hi nmc mc cho vo trc tip dmi y thp. Tp cht u tch
khi cn th mc c c cc a pha trn cng ca thp aldehyt. Hi tp
cht, sau khi mc c c cc a, s tip tc qua thit b ngmng t 3, hi
ngmng t thnh th lng mc hi lmu v thp, mt phn cn li ca hi i qua
bnh lm lnh 4, ngmng t thnh th lng v hon lmu mt phn v thp, phn
khc mc qua bnh lm lnh cn u 7 v vo bu quan st cn u 8. Thp
aldehyt lm vic vi t s hi lmu rt ln, cn u tch ester-aldehyt s mc
chuyn qua thp tinh ch 2 on B. thp tinh ch, mt s tp cht u cn
st li mc bc hi tip ln phn tinh luyn Aldehyt, cn du fuzel b gi li
dmi thp cc a c nng 40-55v. Cc tp cht trung gian d bay hi bc
hi cao hn so vi tp cht cui v thmng tp trung cc a c nng 70http://www.ebook.edu.vn 23
80%v. Rmu fuzel l tp cht trung gian mc ly ra phn trn ca on chmng

B qua thit b lm lnh 13, cn phn dmi ca on B hi du fuzel bc ln vo
thit b ngmng t lm lnh 11 ri qua b phn tch du 12, cn hn hp rmu
nmc b phn tch du ly chy vo phn chmng ca thp tinh ch.
Rmu sau khi tch tp cht trung gian v tp cht cui mc bc ln
phn tinh luyn ca thp tinh ch. i qua cc a, hi rmu dn dn mc c c,
qua bnh ngmng t 5 v hi lmu v thp. Phn hi chma ngmng t cn cha mt t
tp cht u s tip tc mc lm lnh v ngmng t v bnh 6 v hi lmu v
thp tinh ch. Mt phn nh khng t yu cu cht lmng s mc chuyn tip
v thp aldehyt hoc cha ring vo mt thng cha cn u.
Cn etylic tiu chun s mc ly ra a th tm n a th su tnh
t thp, qua bnh lm lnh 9 v bu quan st 10 vo bn cha cn tinh ch.
H thng thit b tinh ch cn etylic lm vic lin tc thmng thu mc
cn 97-98% cn tinh ch, 0.4% ester-aldehyt, 0.35% du fuzel v 0.8-1.2%
rmu fuzel so vi th tch cn th. lu im ln ca h thng ny l tng cao
mc nng sut, gim bt s hao tn hi v t hiu sut tinh ch cao. Thmng 1
dal cn tinh ch tn khong 25-32 kg hi v chng 10 dal nmc.
- Tinh ch cn tuyt i:
Cn etylic sau khi tinh ch thc cht vn l hn hp rmu-nmc ng ph
(Hn hp ng ph l hn hp gm 2 cht lWng tan ln khng th tch ring
c na t cc phng php chng ct thng thng ). V vy, vi phmng
php chmng ct tinh ch p sut thmng ta ch t n nng cao nht l
95.57% khi lmng. Nu chmng ct chn khng p sut 0.0525at th hn hp
ng ph khng hnh thnh v qua chmng ct ta c th thu cn tuyt i 100%
khi lmng. Tuy nhin, vn to chn khng trong thit b chmng ct rt kh
khn, nn vic chmng ct khng d dng thu mc cn tuyt i t mc ng
dng. Phmng php ng dng ph bin l dng cht th ba to thnh mt hn
hp ba cu t c im si chung chmng ct ly cn tuyt i. Hn hp ba cu
t thmng mc dng l rmu-nmc-benzen.
1.2.2.3 Tn tht trong sn xut v hiu sut ru
Hiu sut rmu thmng mc tnh theo n v trng lmng tinh bt hay
mng ln men mc cha trong nguyn liu. Trong sn xut, hiu sut rmu
thmng mc tnh theo dal trn mt tn tinh bt cha trong nguyn liu hoc
hm lmng mng ca r mng cng tnh theo tinh bt.
Hiu sut l thuyt l hiu sut ln nht mc tnh t phmng trnh hosinh hc ca s ln men rmu.
C6H 12
O6 = 2C H2 OH
5 +
2CO
180.1
92.1
88
y l cch vit n gin nht d tnh ton cho qu trnh ln men. T

phmng trnh trn, ta s tnh mc 100kg mng hexose (glucose hay fructose)
nhn mc 51.14kg cn etylic v 48.86kg CO 2. Bit rng trng lmng ring ca
cn tuyt i (cn khan) nhit tiu chun l 20 0C l d = 0.78927.
Nhm vy c 100k mng hexose qua ln men theo l thuyt c th nhn
mc 64.79lt cn khan (51.14/0.78927) hoc mt tn mng hexose nhn mc
64.79 dal cn khan.
Hiu sut rmu tnh theo mng i disaccarit (saccarose hay maltose) s
tng ln tmng ng vi s tng trng vi s tng trng lmng phn t khi thu
phn.
C12H 22
O 342.2
11
+ H2O =
O
2C 6H 12
360.2
Do , hiu sut rmu tng ln theo h s 1.0526 ln (360.2/342.2) v c 100kg

mng disaccarit nhn mc 68.21lt cn tuyt i (64.79 x 1.0526), hoc mt
tn mng disaccarit nhn mc 68.21 dal cn tuyt i.
i vi polysaccarit (tinh bt) h s tng hiu sut rmu tnh theo phn
ng thu phn:
(C6H 10
O)
162.1n
5 n
+ nH 2O =
O
nC H
6 12
180.1n
H s tng ca hiu sut rmu l 1.11104 (180.1/162.1) v c mt tn tinh bt s

nhn mc 71.98 dal cn tuyt i (64.79 x 1.11104). Khi sn xut cn etylic t
r mng sacarose trong r mng thmng tnh theo lmng tinh bt tmng mng.
Phmng trnh thu phn tinh bt thnh disaccarit nhm sau:
2(C6H 10
O324.2n
)
5 n
+ 3H2O =
O
nC 6H 12
342.2n
T phmng trnh trn, ta thy mt phn t gam (342.2g) cn hai phn t gam
tinh bt ( 324.2g), do h s chuyn mng saccarose sang tinh bt s l
0.9474 (324.2/342.2), khi tnh ton thmng ly trn l 0.95.
V d: mt tn r mng c cha 47.6% mng, chuyn sang tinh bt tmng
mng l: 0.476tn x 0.95 = 0.452tn.
Hiu sut rmu thc t nh hn so vi hiu sut rmu l thuyt, v c tn
tht cc cht mng ln men v tn tht mt s rmu to thnh khi ln men. Hiu
sut rmu thc t thmng dao ng khong t 81.5-93% so vi hiu sut l
thuyt.
Hiu sut ru thc t
1- Hiu sut ln men
2- Hiu sut chmng ct
3- Hiu sut thc t
Thmng hiu sut ln men khong 86%, hiu sut chmng ct khong 98%
v hiu sut thc t l 80-85%.

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Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Chmkng 3 K THUT SN XUT BIA ...................................... 48

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

I. NGUYN LIU DNG SN XUT

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

4.12 Cc phmkng php nng cao bn cho

Chmkng 4 KTHUT SN XUT NlC GII KHT ........... 109

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

CNG NGH SN XUT RlU ETYLIC

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

c bit ch l trong sn c acid HCN rt c, vi hm lmng 0.007 0.24%

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

1.1.4 Cc loi ng cc khc

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Mt khc, trong r mng lun c mt vi sinh vt vi mt rt ln.

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Tu thuc vo iu kin ban u, cc iu kin khch quan, ch quan

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Thc hin: Bt v nmc mc phi trn theo mt t l thch hp ( 1.5:3)

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

1- Phiu ngm nguyn liu; 2- Ca np nguyn liu vo ni nu; 3- Ni nu;

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

B. Phng php Mycomalt

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

nghim thch. c ging mc n nh ngmi ta tin hnh cy truyn v bo

Bo qun: Ging ly ra chma dng ht phi mc bo qun tt bng cch

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Qu trnh ny cng gn ging nhm sn xut mc trung gian, vi cc cng

Nu s b: t l nmc nng/bt; 1.8-2.5L/kg, lmng acid tmng t nhm

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Quy trnh sn xut etanol t r ng bng phng php mycomalt

khu pha long s b thc hin acid ho v x l tp cht trong mt

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

- Tng cmng thong kh cho trong giai on ln men.

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Dm chn bao gm cc cht d bay hi nhm rmu etylic, ester, aldehyt, v

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

Bng 1.8 thnh phn b ru

Thnh phn ho hc ca cn th cng ph thuc vo tng nguyn liu: v

Aldehyt (tnh theo cn khan) % (th tch) khng hn

b. Cc loi thp chng ct:

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

- Thit b chng ct loi 1 thp (hnh 1.7).

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

S lm vic ca h thng thit b chmng ct loi 1 thp

Qu trnh lm vic thit b H 1.8

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

pha dmi ca thp dm chn B hi nng mc vo thp qua b phn

A- on c c ru; B- thp dm chn; C- on ct ru st; D- thit b ngng t; E- thit b lm

lu im ca thit b ny so vi thit b mt thp nng cht kh ca b

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

rmu C v c c on c c rmu A. Hi rmu c c qua thit b ngmng

Nng rmu cn th khi ly du fuzel l 94-95%v . c mc nng

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK

lm lnh E 1ri qua bu quan st F. V du fuzel mc ly ring theo tng a ,

Cng ngh sn xut ru, bia v NGK