Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 8

,

&La ,-
GL 3 2_t;& ciC,+ j+&>% &idIP- L\, dl+S+k>
A
,

> i , ~ 6jI-p &I$ & I L Ld L l L 6 &$-2 ~ L A L L~ b+


~ dl &IJ .L+/ .jL b l , L L a
2;--&Ip,> & Y > L ili % d+ w &l&S+4>
.+$d(">;i;i d l ~ + ;5L$+ -
,'I- % .-I

&I>LLp
\I I
p y "-1 L_t;& +,;J1&i C L 6,- &.2->jL. j ys j
; .
, -i;.gp
3%
I ( T \ n n ~
UUG

, . -
I ,EL DM U~L
d+j2&.(('IDAE)+~~ J2 _~- \ ~ - ~ -

- .

-,,
:, J . a;
,i
\I
Y ,- ; 5 ~ , i /_- >; 6p,i;
1 -
.-I ODE b DAE ;"IL- . L J L ;<i
b b I j d L ;hi+ 3, L&;I JdV. + _&L; J'L .sLdl'&j,i ,+ ~b-1, Q-JL
-1 -lL 1 9, ;2 ' ' 0 f ji .&&& ... J jGj bbs:;
-i V

ODE ,DAE :&


.. -I', :&+ J~o;~,
[TILL&
~ 0 9 -LJ
~ 2 3-191-F . . ,
,
.
;I*-~L';L k;? jl u k -3

djLjL jl >b 2 y G, b+> -v


>GI

.>+ i;& ; & +;>+


'. ;i.L L L , 45 zl.>!;L grlJ, ;j;ZL A- 2 ' - -A

;$& jy .- J d J j \+&I J2 bL-+ ~1~ 3s Lb?bl+ - q


+-

j,+2L-G
. >e,
--uI% j r b &+J -\ \ +,yLjL+ L&-pu-y
l -
, , .
- . -
s j L /d+s .L
-, :-d
...
L L & L .
4
L
S
,
.
&
-J -!;',A;

c!;
- &
.-I'
i .-r
<; +
J i!+,$
" + d
L J :I ,
.. , 9 -!
.d
I-1 j!,?,
il; d
-..
.a' 41 [ A ];:3
42) &+
.iId\2 F
L-',
3
..
L A ; - 4. d
,2 .A!&;A
,. .- ,. J
'&!-I
_ ..
&I [ 5 ]L,- 4A;L+ c+ - '
u ,u j2:;s
'

,
.J 4) dy I)+ 31 Q .i ;'. ,
JJ2 :,, A -A7 2,:I- /,- -%s& 41.(J+L+a 9 - V -:,a L

-!- < : a .; a
V J . 4 , .
& ;-- 45 ?,I cl-JJ
.: t b . 4df
.. , e :s;,&- -x j e L, -i
, ,
1
, *
,&I @J2
3
;
$ A

*I3-
,-
- ,& > I 4.L b
2 . 3- Jw
-- lab\>
,!-Ib ~1~ sh-kJL d'& --
. 4 ; ,2 J

q '
s:~J,
G : ' ~
~ ! (Y2s;
2 3 ;:a ~ i -,L
i i ~ , + ~ --ui ,a
, 2 2>>l &-LI ;i ~ ~ t~.'e
- 2

a>J L-LA ;J > J~-/ /;A ODE e D X -..u' ;i . Ju :&L, A JL


3- -91 I d ;~.LL
,
.-i 0- ,,
3 2, ~ L- j- -Lo\,+A
,
+b ~ S y / ~ ~
:L,~
L i 2i 2 2 . a ; ) - ! ; GTG) , , d
O j ' ~J h -G
- C- !-C".I;
.. . : ;ddi F > >
,& ,>*',J, -.-;,u > i;L > I;-
JpY ,5
> !
: . ,y.
(a) . ;" 2
.d "
-
2

T,' P,,' = nl(P,,' . a') , T,'. a' = m.(w,,


, , , a')

j J );( >ic - Pmech

.
'..'y>; ,+.'J A,+ =I'-;
v

j'& L;- GTG G,- & Jh

xLC' = fLCL! xiC' . ) - C' . pel (9-' )

:+ . i J
, d 2
,L5- :
& * (F- \, )
2
A;Sji4 +

:
AxLC' = . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~bl.Au):,,' +
. . i -C:.1PC1
x ~ ~ h' = [ O 0 1.~,!f' (v-\ j

-
D'
-

.LI '
- 1
M'
i,l
1
'
.ALL1= 0 -
-I i (A - \ j
T,li T,'
-
-I
0 -ri
- /
T,' '-<I J
.,
'A iL-
kv- 1, ) A&'; , ' A ->bL -,A 2~~ ,
..L)-G
.
4-- > L T u
i
Kt,TVJ d

:n-'J13 *i; -IS'j j :JCXO '

"I;
'
;-,-
I .

j /:- l;1+3,i &-,rU?


xLC = j yLCi ... K~~~~~ j . PC;= [ PC .. P,m j 1
. ~ ) = ~[ ...
O ~J ~ i ~ ~ujrel'"
! (lo-\)
+ . L + P;& 2,- 3; PL j / i j ,;
L; yk e OL>;IJ ~ 4 jl;;FL
y ItC
dP
u Li ,+-> ( \ Y - \ ) +Ii &,I-+ + (-=O)>2\~
,7 V
,s>\21,
; -i , s j JjUj - 1 J -- LL;
.. PP , '

.- .-
4 . -
.'- 6
-1 &.+,>,-/ l-;", - ,c"JL"y ( \ ? -)I2,-
, .
d > L iiS;Lg la;~ l j* i jj J
.-I ODE L
: I;

AiFG f P G j = JGG . AdC. + JGL . AdL (\V-\)

A(FL - PL) = J L G . AdG + J L L . AdL


,,,-11
aP,(d,V!
ss
i,j =G,L 141
,,,I.= CLvP ) ~ +
I
(F;.- Pi/)
.
. <?'4
,/2 ( 7 ,- \
J
;:
s,..
- .J.:
- : i
ii 3

(Y\-\,)

..-;y ,?a
:i~\-
% &(,\v-\ j A!;
I;: & (7 0 -\ ) djY.L:

P,;= K p . /SO+ D p . P, - I;, (YY-': )

D, = -J . J , .1 . Kp = JiJC JGL . C\V . Fe = FG + Dp . Fr_ :&(YY-\ )

,- * cw ;s+!,;
;,!; ;
;, <, ! A , d.l;:
'* 2 , -
~ ,s ,>!jKp ;mid;!;;s2;<, :,'L,Ib
1 .

>\ ;2;Fc
> J

-. ;i
u u
'
A d;du,! ;+
J J
,
; .Aiu
J
-\ -<I
2 .J
I 1
>!- Dp 2 ,d 3 ! + ~ G j5 3
2 2
% A ,<!+, ' .
! A ., -2isd3
+
:-;I2
, .
(77- \ ) dmiJ ' +
,; ..,
-e--rl

P,3= K? . C ! J ~ ; . D~ p . PL - F, (YY-\)
- .
,J,J2 ;i,i o ~ ! J;># ~ ( i\ Y- \ ) s,- 42'- sk % ~ 2 J~,I-; ~ 3 d~'-
p,,' = A- JP,' dr
K ' Jdl
+1 dr . dl = r - 1j l - -
" la' ctt
T,l T"' T T,'

:,yL12 (YY- \ ) &I, 2 (V- \ ) &I, ;2 a' jPlIlL


a
+, 22 LI-4, jl a 2 L ! ;

-Dl ., - -T,'
a - = - l-1
- b,
TS1 %I1 ML . Pill' +
Kr'
-
hS
731 - -
r
-T4' hi
)-v)--
EG1 r1 a'
T,'
P,,,'
.
? =
-1
-
Tu'
.
P,,' + 2 a'
Tu'
K'

.
:,-;&/
.,
;du'Jd;
.I.
J+J<,' J<d
.
-, \ L,J ~ ' J L , A ~ x ~ ' =P[n~l 'l a ] S""jhJ-+,y-'i
I
.. .
iT

X, = A,' x,' - c,' EG1 c,' = [ lihli O -li(~l.~,'']~ (r,$-


\ )

-
-- 1,
l

-+-
41' r .bl >1 '
-1
- K,'
(ry-\ )
0
T"! T,'
, +- K' T,, -
T 7 1

--- +--
t
p l . T , , r1.k1'.Tg' ht1.T,' rl.31' 7'51
:LL 2 2 2 -J1 J> im ,ji;
d '1 J
J,>U ~+i; $1 LL
x, = .A%. xs - chi . EG , XU = diag( A,-' , ... , Asn1 ) , cy = diag( c h i , ... , cNL") (Yv- \ )
T,
- . -
----
r , . ~ -

i
-

> 3.

; K, . ~
\ .\, .'\.\, ., .\'

T,. , '\ .;T> .;'\


- --
-4 ;-+ .&+I
d +
,I-; ,,,(&LYA+&) c a A 4 L-+ dla;~L2&'f :u.J*i&L
jd< .[\I
,--A4

,\ r v v ;+; .bLid$ GAf 3,-c L l j J ';LI+ - >a JXi


6 - C LL
.,
2!.+.ij; d +. L ,G -, j!L ~ : Jad+~ <~ a
I
L+>;
v
. I

L-\j: 3 ,yL- .&G'L ,


:
L .[TI
. \ yvl\ JIJd$ \ !\'- \ Gdf
? .&dd$ &Ad L A > & Ll>> j l dJl>j8 H L<j
+
L"(&2dK)++ d l a ; b L - .[TI
,
.Gdt ddS>Li-- -:J
. / > ~ > . i ~CIJ /;3 t1LJ

&I
, I yvv 2 L j ',rL+ 9 12

[3]. Z. Bicki, "Moving into pole position", Power Engineering International, pp.
34-36, lMay 1998.
[S]. C. Dieter, "Europe beginsthe slow creep towards dereguiation", Power
Engineering International, pp. 22-24, May 1998.
- . . - -
.
-
. , .
"> 4 , ;
'
- ,-'T r;d+ - 4 ~ 2 wb
,
&\A;-" .y L J&- ~ r)A<
g;Jib->-\~ .[?I
\ YVV d L 2 ~2.)~- JI;)~a G l J

[ 7 ] . -, "Africa deregulation", Power reports, Power Engineering International,


Mar.-May 1999.
[8]. X.S.Liu, "Structural modeling and hierarchical control of Lrge scale electric
power systems", Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Mech. Eng., M.I.T, May 1994.
.r+L !&, 51.3'- j'k+ .[q]

-
, c r :
\ ?4,\ >:+ L 3 J ./,J>J a 12 L &, ;o

., --
,, - I _;
a - 5-q j
/ + d
-
-
. .
J:>\ ,?S
i
d:j; L ~ ~ ~ ~ , , . ; J b3&k
>+-A2 &..- &&i+ .[\ 01
- .I '.<
'-'iV .VVy-VVV p .G,
' I
J"!:~
'I
L,I-, ;+.';-

,J *:" ._-i;
j> &j j l ,--;z/L & i-.s-u i3&Lj -j~ + I>&+ .[\ \ ]
-
.XkIPOkV2-i ,ciy-: jYr~ +lp-SC-.
n
\ rvv ..r~;4
;J> % !;ddS:l+k

You might also like