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CHNG 1: TONG QUAN VE 3D STUDIO MAX Bai 1 : Tong quan ve 3D Studio Max I. Gii thieu: II. Khi ong chng trnh Bai 2. Gii thieu giao dien cua 3D StudioMax I. II. Tile Bar: Menu bar:

Thanh cha lenh cua chng trnh, Lien quan en tap tin Files, hieu chnh Edit, hien th Views, nhom Ground, ket xuat Rendering Ngoai cac lenh thong thng nh cac chng trnh khac 3DM con co cac lenh ac biet lien quan en tap tin, nh sau: File -> Reset : khi tao man hnh chuan 3D File ->Merge : Nhap oi tng t mot File *.max(cung version) vao mot file max hien hanh. File -> Import : Nhap oi tng t cac phan mem khac nh AutoCAD(*.dwg, *.dwf); Adobe Iilustrator (*.al), t cac chng trnh 3d xuat oi tng ra *.3ds File -> Export : Xuat oi tng ra cac nguon khac nh *.dwg File -> Xrefs Object (Tham chieu ngoai) Cho phep ban tham chieu mot or nhieu oi tng t 1 or nhieu files khac vao 1 khung canh hien hanh. File -> Xrefs Scenes : Cho phep ban tham chieu en toan bo khung canh c chon. Ban cung co the rang buoc (Bind) khung canh c tham chieu vi mot so oi tng nao o trong khung canh, e oi tng nay tr thanh cha cua khung canh, va khi oi tng nay di chuyen th cha cua khung canh cung di chuyen theo. File -> View Images File : Cho phep xem cac file anh (.) hoac cac file video().

III.

Tab Panel:

Bang tap hp cac cong cu c ban khac nhau: Main tool bar : Thanh cong cu chnh cua 3Dmax, cha cac lenh chnh cua chng trnh, chon lenh bang cach use chuot. Geometry : cha cac lenh dung tao cac oi tng dang khoi 3D.( Hop :Box ; Cau : Sphere ) Shape : Cha cac lenh dung tao cac oi tng dang net 2D ( ng thang, Ch nhat,) Compounds: Cha cac lenh nh Boolean, Loft, Morph, Conform, Scatter dung tao ra cac hnh phc tap t cac khoi or Shape co san. Light and Camera : Cha cac lenh tao anh sang va Camera trong 3D Max. Particles : Cha cac lenh dung tao he thong hat, nh dien ta ma, tuyet, bm bay. Helpers : Cha cac lenh tr giup, nh tao li rieng, tao cac Gizmo dien ta la chay . Space Warps: Cha cac lenh dung tao mot so hieu ng ac biet nh: bom no , lc hut trai at, gio. Modifiers : Cha cac lenh dung hieu chnh oi tng nh uon cong_Bend, lam nhieu Noise, Xoan Twist,.

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http://tuananh.somee.com 3DM co sau bang lenh (Create_ tao mi;Modify_hieu chnh; Hierarchy_Pha he; Motion_chuyen ong; Display_Hien th; va Utilites_Tien ch). Moi bang co mot bang lenh va chc nang rieng. Ban co the chuyen oi cac bang lenh bang cach lick vao Tab thch hp e a cac bang lenh o len pha trc. Viec chuyen oi cac bang lenh se huy cac lenh hien hanh. Bang lenh Create co bay nut. Bay nut nay phan loai cac oi tng khac nhau ma ban co the tao ra: Geometry : Khoi hnh hoc ; Shape: Hnh phang ; Lights : Anh sang ; Camera ; Helpers : vat tr giup ; Space Warps ; Sytem : he thong. Khi ban chon Geometry chan hang, mot danh sach hien ra di nut o, liet ke nhieu loai khoi hnh hoc khac ma cac ban co the tao ra. V du Standard Privimitives (Khoi hnh hoc nguyen sinh) , mot bo nut lenh gom 10 nut cho phep tao ra oi tng nguyen sinh nh: Khoi hop_Box, khoi cau_Sphere, Khoi tru_Cyclinder, Khoi chop_Cone, Am tra Teapot. Khi chon lenh Box, tc th cac thanh cong cu di hop Parameters xuat hien cho phep nhap cac thuoc tnh e tao thanh mot khoi hop. Tng t cac lenh tao cac khoi hnh hoc khac. V cac thong so cho mot oi tng hnh hoc co the rat nhieu nen co the dai hn sc cha man hnh, v the ban nen dung chuot e drag len or xuong e nhn thay cac thong so ieu khien kch thc hnh hoc cua no.

IV.

Command Panel :

V.

Viewports:

VI.

Cac khung nhn cho phep ban quan sat khung canh t nhieu goc o khac nhau. Neu khong co khung nhn ban khong the chon vat the, ap vat lieu, hay thc thi bat k thao tac nao cho khung canh. 3DM co 4 khung nhn c thiet lap mac nh. - Top : Goc nhn t tren xuong. - Front : Goc nhn t mat trc. - Left : Goc nhn t mat trai. - Perspective : Goc nhn phoi canh.

Lock Selection.

VII. Coordinate Readout.

Nut lenh dung bat tat che o khoa chon la oi vi cac oi tng hien hanh.

ay la ni cho phep quan sat toa o hien hanh cua con tro tren khung hnh hoac khi thao tac dch chuyen , xoay, scale oi tng th ta co the oc, thay oi toa o ay. VIII. Animated times Slider. Thanh trt thi gian, giup cho viec dien hoat cac oi tng trong khung canh.

IX. X. XI.

Nut lenh giup bat tat che o ghi lai s dien hoat cua oi tng hien hanh.

Animation Button.

Animation Playback Control.

Bo nut lenh dung ieu khien s dien hoat cua khung canh hien hanh.

Snap lock.

Cha cac lenh truy chup, bat buoc con tro nhay theo mot khoang cachkhi ta chon 1 iem, v du 1 goc cua khoi hnh hop.

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http://tuananh.somee.com Ta co the thiet lap Snap cho nhieu v tr khac nhau, ke ca thanh phan cua oi tng nh la : Vertex_nh, Edge_Canh, Pivot Point_iem chot. Hoac cac thanh phan cua giao dien nh : Home gird_Li nha, Construction Gird_Li mat cau truc. Lenh Snap dung thong qua hop thoai Grid and Snap Setting hoac lick chuot phai vao mot trong cac nut lenh cua Snap. XII. Viewport controls : Cha cac ieu khien khung nhn, tuy thuoc vao khung nhn nao la hien hanh, cac the hien ay se thay oi. Vi chung ta co the phong to thu nho, dch chuyen va xoay vung nhn.

Bai 3. Mot so khai niem c ban.

I.
Dng mo hnh ba chieu ong ngha vi viec s dung 3 truc x,y,z. Ba truc nay chi phoi hnh dang , ty le , v tr cua oi tng c tao dng nen. Khi quan sat hnh chieu nh : nhn t tren xuong, truc x cha t trai sang phai ngang qua man hnh truc y chay t tren xuong di doc theo man hnh, truc z chay t xa en gan ngi dung.

Ba chieu :

II.

Dng mo hnh :

1. Mat phang dng hnh : Moi hoat ong tao ra oi tng 3 chieu eu dien ra tren mat phang li 2 chieu. Co the xem mot hnh chieu la mot mat phang. Nguyen tac kien tao va thao tac trong chng trnh nay la phai nhan dien c mat phang li ma ban ang lam viec thao tac tren no. 2. Cau truc mo hnh : oi tng phc tap trong 3D SM cau thanh t nhieu hnh thai cau truc, mot v tr trong khong gian hai chieu or ba chieu la hnh thai cau truc n gian nhat cua cau truc mo hnh. Mat (face) la mat phang be mat, xac nh bi 3 nh, dung e phu len oi tng. Phc tap hn na la phan t(Element) gom nhieu mat lien ket vi nhau thanh nen 1 phan cua oi tng. Neu 2 mat co chung canh va cung nam tren mat phang, canh chung thng khong hien th, con be mat trong nh co hnh ch nhat. Cuoi cung la oi tng (Object) la tap hp gom nhieu phan t tao nen hnh dang phc tap. Ban co the tao cac oi tng t dang c bannh hnh hop, hnh cau hoac nh ro tn iem e tao nen hnh dang xoan. 3. Hnh dang : Hnh dang (Shape)la a giac ng vien 2 chieu khep kn la c s e tao oi tng 3D phc tap hn. Khi h chung ong vai tro la ng dan (path) giup tao oi tng 3D va hoat canh. 4. oi tng ghep : Nhng oi tng tao trong 3D SM c phu bang nhieu mat goi la oi tng ghep. Mot khi a tao oi tng, co the thao tac bat ky phan nao cua oi tng t nh mat cho ti phan t.

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http://tuananh.somee.com Co nhieu cach hien th mo hnh, e dang thao tac vi chung. 1. Khung nhn : Khung nhn Viewport dung hien th mot hay nhieu hnh chieu View cua oi tng hoac khung canh tren man hnh. Ta co the tao ra khung nhn rieng goi la khung nhn User hoac bo tr Camera e tao khung nhn camera. 2. Khung day : Khung day hien th nhng canh b che khuat : khung day wire frame la che o hien th ng net, hien th tat ca cac canh cua oi tng, cho thay chung tac ong ra sao en nhng oi tng xung quanh. Khung day khong hien th nhng canh b che khuat :che o wireframe vi ac tnh backface cull hoat ong ch hien th nhng canh khong b che khuat cua oi tng, nh o ma oi tng trong co ve 3 chieu hn, giup ngi s dung nhan dien oi tng de dang hn. Ch co nhng mat sau cua oi tng la an i van nhn thay cac oi tng nam pha sau cac oi tng khac. 3. Hop gii han : Hop gii han Bounding box con goi la khung bao, bao quanh tng oi tng phc tap. Muc ch nham tang toc o hien thi khung canh phc tap. 4. Hnh chieu c dien hoa : Cung co the hien th hnh chieu c dien hoa Rendered viewcuar khung canh vi hieu ng nh :Facets goc canh va Smooth trn nhan. Giup xac nh moi tng quan v tr gia cac oi tng, nhc iem la lam cham tien trnh kien tao do tang them thi gian tnh toan cua may tnh.

III.

Hien th mo hnh.

IV.

Dien hoa Render la ky thuat ap mau, chat lieu anh sang toi cho be mat hoac mat cat cua mo hnh ba chieu. Co the hien th anh dien hoa ket qua tren man hnh hoac lu vao a vi u loai dang tap tin. 1. Mau : Cach dien hoa n gian la ap mau khac nhau len cac be mat hay oi tng, sao cho de dang phan biet c tng be mat hay oi tng. RGB. La cac mau chnh trong 3D SM la o , xanh luc va xanh dng. ieu chnh cng o cua tng mau se cho nhieu mau khac nhau. HLS. La 3 xac lap khac gom sac o, o sang va o bao hoa. Hue chon ra bang mau. Luminace an nh o sang toi, tc cng o mau. Saturation quyet nh mc o thuan nhat tinh khiet cua mau. HBW. La pha tron mau Hue, sac en blackness, sac trang whiteness. Hue chon ra mau thuan, them mau en e lam am hn, them mau trang e lam nhat hn. Gamma. Xac lap gamma giup xac nh hnh thai hien th mau. Gamma quyet nh hnh thai tong thap va tong gia cua man hnh hien th ca cua anh bitmap. Sau khi ieu chnh

Dien hoa :

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http://tuananh.somee.com gamma anh se toi hn hay sang hn. Xac lap gamma khong lien quan en xac lap Contrast o tng phan, Brightness o sang toi cua man hnh may tnh. 2. Chat lieu: e mo hnh tang them phan hien thc can phai gan chat lieu Material vao cac be mat va oi tng hp thanh khung canh. Chat lieu co nhieu ac iem nh: mau, hanh vi, anh sang, phan xa. mau be mat: mau be math thay oi theo cach thc anh sang cham en oi tng . Mau be mat cua oi tng ch co 1 mau , nhng mau se oi sac cua no theo quan he vi anh sang. Vung c chieu anh sang co mau be mat phan quang choi nhat, vung toi co mau be mat moi trng xung quanh, vung tranh toi tranh sang co mau be mat khuech tan. Tnh chat be mat: Mot be mat co nhieu tnh chat sang choi hay toi tam , trong suot hoac uc m. Tham ch be mat con toa quang sang. o chnh la tnh chat cua be mat, khi tao hay ap dung chat lieu can phai quy nh tnh chat cho cot lieu buoc chat lieu pah hien th dang ung nh d kien. Ap anh Bittmap: la viec ap anh vao be mat, cho phep tao nen be mat phc tap va trong rat thc ma khong can vat va dng mo hnh ba chieu lam g. 3. Anh sang. Hieu ng chieu anh sang la 1 trong nhng phng phap hieu qua giup tang tnh hien thc cho mo hnh. Co nhieu dang chieu nh sau: Anh sang moi trng xung quanh: Ambien light chi phoi toan bo o sang toi khung canh, ong thi tac ong en o tng phan. Gia tr ambient light thap se lam tang o tng phan va ngc lai. Anh sang toa tron : omni light tng tn anh sang hat ra t anh en tron hay ngon nen. Anh sang t nguon sang toa ra moi hng, thng th cng o anh sang toa tron se suy giam t le thuan vi khoang cach t nguon sang va chieu ra xa cang yeu, do o ma nhng oi tng sang nhat luon nam gan nguon sang. Anh sang chum: Spot light - Nguon sang co nh hng, chieu chum tia sang hnh non vao oi tng, giong anh sang en pha hay en pin, dung tao bong o hay mo phong may chieu. 4. Cap o dien hoa chat lieu: Chat lieu cho phep dien hoa nhieu chi tiet khac nhau nh: Constant, Phong, Metal. Cap o cang cao , chat lieu c dien hoa cang chi tiet bu lai thi gian dien hoa keo dai hn. Constant Faceted - goc canh : la cap o dien hoa c ban cua mau be mat. Co the nhn thay tng mat ghep thanh oi tng va ap anh bitmap Phong Trn lang: se lam cac be mat tr nen trn lang hn ch khong goc canh nh Constant. Hai mat tiep xuc nhau se chuyen em vao nhau, xoa nhoa ng noi va cac vung sang hien th trong giong nh that. Metal kim loai: Cho ket qua be mat giong nh Constant nhng co kha nang mo phong chnh xac hieu ng kim loai.

V.

Khi trnh chieu 1 loat anh lien tiep nhau, moi anh co canh ch khac nhau 1 chut th se cho cam giac hnh anh ang chuyen ong. o la ky thuat hoat hnh. 1. Phim hoat hnh :

Hoat hnh.

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http://tuananh.somee.com La 1 chuoi hnh anh, hnh sau khac hnh trc. Khi trnh chieu nhanh cac hnh anh lien tuc nhau th dng nh co s chuyen ong ang dien ra. Ma du thc te ch xem 1 loat cac hnh anh noi tiep nhau. 2. anh ong trong phim Video. Chi chuyen ong len phim video da vao tien tnh tng t nh lam phim hoat hnh. Mot chuoi khung hnh c chup len phim hay bang video. e bieu dien chuyen ong phim hoac bang c chieu lai that nhanh, chay tng khung thanh 1 chuoi hanh ong lien lai. 3. Khung hnh cua 3 D Studio Max. 3D SM ap dung tien trnh mo ta e mo phong chuyen ong . Co the tuy y lu tr tng khung hnh di dang tap tin bmp hoac jpg, hoac toan hoat canh theo nh dang tap tin AVI hoac FLC. 4. Phat lai tap tin hoat hnh. Co the xem lai anh tnh hay ong tren may tnh bang 3Dstudio Max hoac use Window Media Player ma khong phai m 3D Studio Max. 5. Toc do phat lai. Toc o hien th khung hnh hoac hnh anh de quyet nh cach ma ngi xem cam nhan hoat hnh va toc o hnh anh thay oi chi phoi tnh hien thc cua chuyen ong. Toc o 10khung/giay a co the tao ao giac chuuyen ong, toc o cang nhanh chuyen ong cang uuyen chuyen mn, ngc lai toc o cang cham th chuyen ong cang b git. - Phim hoat hnh 12-24 khung/ giay. - Phim man anh rong : 24khung/ giay. - Tivi NTSC 30 khung/giay.

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CHNG 2: CAC THIET LAP CHNG TRNH. Bai 1. Toa o truc va vung nhn. I. Toa o:
Trong khong gian 3D pham vi nho nhat co the chiem cho la iem.Moi iem c xac nh 1 bo duy nhat gom 3 thong so goi la toa o. Moi toa o ai dien cho 1 truc trong khong gian may tnh.

II. Truc:

III. Vung nhn:

Trong 3D Studio Max co 3 truc X,Y &Z: ta co the xem X la chieu rong, Y chieu dai, Z chieu sau.

Co 2 cach xac nh vung nhn. Cach 1: Click chuot phai vao ten vung nhn nam goc toa o va chon cach thiet lap t menu hien ra. Cach 2: Vao Menu Customize chon Viewport Configuration, tren hop thoai hien ra, chon cach thiet lap thch hp. Trong chng trnh 3D Studio Max co 4 vung nhn c xac lap mac nh la: Top Left Right Perpective (Phoi canh).

Bai 2. nh n v ve va ca so lam viec.

I. Thiet lap n v ve.
Vao Customize Unit setup, hop thoai Unit setup xuat hien. Chon o Metric, chon n v phu hp. e ieu chnh n v o he thong lick vao Sytem Unit setup, vao hop thoai va thiet lap cho phu hp. Vao menu Customize Load Custom UI Scheme, hop thoai Load Custom UI Sheme hien ra chon 1 trong cac tap tin co phan m rong la (*.cui) Sau o lick vao Ok e co ca so lam viec mi.

II. Thiet lap dang ca so lam viec.

B ai 3. ng kieu hien th cho khung nhn.

Thao tac: lick chuot phai vao ten cua khung nhn, Ex: khung nhn Top. Sau o chon cac thiet lap hien th sau: Smooth HighLight: To oi tng theo dang mn va bong. Wireframe: Hien th oi tng di dang khung nhn n. Smooth: Hien th oi tng di dang mn. Facets Highlight: Hien th oi tng di dang phang va bong. Edged Faces: Hien th oi tng di dang khung nhn Edges Bounding box: Hien th oi tng di dang khung nhn box. Hoac lick chuot phai vao ngay ten khung nhn Chon Configure khi o hop thoai Viewport Configuration xuat hien, thiet lap che o hien th phu hp. Page : 7/74

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Bai 4. Phm tat thong dung va 1 so lu y

I. Mot so phm tat thong dung. Ctr + N : New Ctr + O : Open Ctr + S : Save Ctr + A: Select All Ctr + D: Select None Ctr + I: Select Invert Ctr + V: Clone Ctr + X: Expect Mode Ctr + C: Create Camera form View. Ctr + Z : Undo Ctr + Y : Redo Ctr + H : Place Highlight

Atl + A : Align Atl + N : Normal Align Atl + B : Viewport Background

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http://tuananh.somee.com Atl + O : Lock UI Layout Atl + Q : Isolate Selection Atl + W : Min/Max Toggle F9 : Render F10 : Render Scene F11 : MaxScript Listener F12 : Tranform Type-In Shift + I : Spacing Tool M : material Editor 0 : Render to Texture 8 : Eviroment 1. Nhap tap tin 3D Studio Max chuan cho phep nhap cac tap tin co nh dang sau: 3D Studio Mesh *.3DS hoac *.PRJ 3D Studio Shape *.SHP Adobe Iilustrator *.AI AutoCAD *.DWG hoac *.DXF Stero Litho *.STL VRML *.WRL hoac WRZ IGES *.IGE hoac *.IGES e nhap tap tin vao chng trnh ta vao Menu File Import. 2. Xuat tap tin 3D Studio Max chuan cho phep xuat tap tin co dang nh sau: 3D Studio Mesh *.3DS Adobe Iilustrator *.AI AutoCAD *.DWG hoac *.DXF ASC file *.ASC ASCII Scene *.ASE Stero Litho *.STL VRML *.WRL e xuat chng trnh ta dung Menu File Export

II. Mot so lu y.

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CHNG 3 . CAC THAO TAC CHNG TRNH BAI 1. CHON OI TNG

I. Select Object : dung chon oi tng co 2 trang thai la chon : + Window crossing : vi la chon nay khi ve mot vung chon ch can 1 phan cua oi tng nam trong vung chon mi ve th oi tng o se c chon. + Window crossing : Neu khong c chon trang thai nay th cac oi tng muon c chon phai nam hoan toan trong vung chon

II. Select by name :

Dung chon cac oi tng theo ten. Khi lick chuot vao nut select by name se xuat hien hop thoai select by name, trong o : - Lick chuot e chon cac oi tng can chon. - Nhan CTRL e chon nhieu oi tng. - Lick nut all e chon tat ca. - Nut Invert : ao ngc cac oi tng c chon. - Nut None huy bo viec chon.

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III.
-

Dung chon va di chuyen oi tng theo truc x,y,z.

Select and move :

Thao tac : - Chon oi tng can di chuyen, khi o tren oi tng se xuat hien he truc toa o, di chuyen con tro vao truc ma mnh can di chuyen, sau o la keo chuot e di chuyen. - Hoac lick chuot phai ngay nut select and move, Khi o hop thoai Move Transfrom Type-in xuat hhien, nhap gia tr xac nh di chuyen theo truc x,y hoac z.

IV. Select and rotate :

-

Dung chon va xoay oi tng. Thao tac : nen lick chuot phai vao nut select and rotate sau o nhap cac gia tr can xoay vao.

V. Select and Uniform Scale :

-

Dung chon va hieu chnh cac kch thc eu tren be mat oi tng. Ngoai ra con co tuy chon Select and Non-Uniform Scale : dung e chon va hieu chnh kch thc khong eu tren be mat oi tng. Thao tac : Chon oi tng can ieu chnh ->Lick chon cong cu -> Keo chuot e hieu chnh kch thc theo tng truc hoac ca 3 truc. Lu y : Khi at con tro vao gan truc x,y,z th bieu tng se khac vi trang thai con tro chuot nam vao ben trong oi tng. Khi nam vao ben trong oi tng se cho phep hieu chnh ca 3 truc x,y &z

BAI 2. THAO TAC CHON OI TNG TAI VUNG NHN.

Chon 1 oi tng : lick chuot trai vao oi tng can chon. Chon nhieu oi tng : Chon 1 oi tng sau o nhan gi phm CTRL va lan lt chon cac oi tng khac. Hoac re quanh vung cha cac oi tng can chon. Chon theo ten : Nhan phm H e m hop thoai Select by name sau o licks chon ten oi tng co trong danh sach. Bo chon tat ca : lick chuot ra vung nhn. Page : 11/74

http://tuananh.somee.com Bo chon mot vai oi tng trong tap hp a chon : Nhan gi ALT sau o licks cac oi tng can bo chon. Huy bo oi tng : Chon oi tng va nhan delete e huy bo. Ngoai ra cung co the s dung cac lenh chon trong menu Edit. Khoa vung chon : Ta co the khoa vung chon bang cach lick vao nut Lock Selection Set nam cuoi man hnh. Thc hien thao tac nay co li khi muon oi tng hay mot nhom cac oi tng van tiep tuc c chon khi ta thi hanh cac chc nang bat ky khac. Bo loc chon oi tng : co tac dung khi co qua nhieu cac oi tng khac nhau tren man hnh se rat kho khan khi chon. Thao tac : ch can lick so danh sach Selection Filter xuong e chon ra oi tng can thiet.

BAI 3. CAC THAO TAC TREN CA SO.

Cac cong cu thao tac tren ca so man hnh lam viec 3D SM nam goc phai ben di man hnh. 1. Zoom : Cong cu giup phong to thu nho oi tng co trong ca so. 2. Zoom Extend All : Cong cu giup phong to thu nho toan bo cac oi tng tren cac khung nhn. 3. Pan View la cong cu giup dch chuyen man hnh lam viec (#Move) 4. Arc Rotate : Cong cu giup xoay khung nhn phoi canh Perpective. Neu chon cac not nho hnh vuong e lat theo chieu doc (Vertical) hoac chieu ngang (Horizontal). 5. Min/max Toggle :La cong cu giup phong to mot khung nhn ang chon len ay man hnh.

BAI 4. KET HP CAC OI TNG.

Se co nhng luc khi thiet ke mo hnh, ta can phai ket hp nhieu oi tng e x ly chung nh 1 oi tng. Co 2 phng phap thc hien : ghep noi va ghep nhom.

I.

Groupping cho phep ghep t 2 oi tng tr len thanh 1 nhom. Nhom nay c goi la oi tng nhom va c at ten rieng. c x ly nh oi tng thong thng. Neu muon hieu chnh tng oi tng rieng biet th ra nhom ra. + Tao nhom : vao menu Gruop Chon lenh Gruop va hop thoai Group hien ra. Go ten nhom vao o gruop name. + M nhom : Khi muon hieu chnh tng oi tng trong nhom ta co the m nhom. Chon nhom oi tng can m nhom ->vao menu Group chon Open : Mot oi tng gia mau hong xuat hien cho phep ta truy cap oi tng trong nhom. Khi xong viec ta vao menu Group chon Close e tai lap nhom. + Ra nhom : Chon nhom oi tng can ra nhom. Vao menu group chon Ungruop e ra 1 cap trong nhom long nhau hoac Chon Explore e ra tat ca nhom long nhau.

Group (ghep nhom)

II.

Cong viec nay can phai s dung bang lenh Modify. Thao tac : M bang lenh Modify chon oi tng cha. Ap dung 1 Edit Mesh cho oi tng cha. Lick tat nut Sub-Object, Lick nut Attach tren hop cuon Edit Object, Sau o lick oi tng Page : 12/74

Ghep noi oi tng.

http://tuananh.somee.com can ghep noi vi oi tng cha. Ca hai oi tng chuyen sang mau trang vi oi tng th 2 ghep vao oi tng th nhat.. Khi ghep noi 1 oi tng vao oi tng khac th no se tr thanh bo phan khong the chia ra cua oi tng au tien. Co the tach tng phan cua oi tng nhng tach han 1 oi tng nguyen ven la viec chang de dang. V vay can het sc lu y khi ghep noi cac oi tng. Tot nhat la s dung nhom.

BAI 5. BIEN ANH VA NHAN BAN.

Bien anh (Transform) la ieu chnh v tr, phng hng kch c cua oi tng, con Clonning la nhan ban cac oi tng. Co the cho nhan ban luc ang bien anh oi tng. Co 3 nut bien anh : Move, Rotate and Scale. Moi nut eu co chc nang chon oi tng trc roi bien anh sau. 1. Move : phep bien anh Move di chuyen oi tng trong the gii ba chieu. Sau khi a chon oi tng, di chuyen oi tng vao v tr mi. Co vai yeu to han che chuyen ong nh : truc khung nhn, he toa o bien anh.... 2. Rotate : phep bien anh Rotate xoay oi tng trong khong gian 3 chieu. Mat phang xoay la do khung nhn hoat ong quyet nh. Goc toa o cuc bo pivot-point dung trong phep xoay c an nh la tam xoay. Muon nh gia tr Angle Snap e khong che goc xoay, ta phai licks chuot vao nut angle snap tren dong trang thai nam cuoi giao dien chng trnh. Lu y : phai kch hoat nut angle-snap trc. 3. Scale : Phep bien anh Scale giup ieu chnh kch thc oi tng theo ty le phan tram. e chi phoi ty le chnh kch thc, can lick chuot phai vao nut percentsnap tren thanh trang thai. Co 3 nut Scale tren menu cong cu Scale : + Uniform Scale : ieu chnh kch thc oi tng theo cung ty le ca 3 truc + None Uniform Scale : ieu chnh kch thc vi ty le khac nhau doc theo 3 truc, se do cac khong che truc quyet nh. He toa o bien anh (Transform Coordinate) Chi phoi hng co dan cong cong cu Transform Center an nh tam co gian. 4. Squash : ieu chnh kch thc theo 1 truc, hng ngc lai vi hng truc kia. Cong cu Axis Constrains chi phoi truc chnh kch thc 5. Transform and Type-in : Vao menu Tool -> Transform Type-in cho phep go cac gia tr e thc hien ca 3 phep bien anh. Trong hop thoai can lu y vung Absolute hien th v tr, tam xoay va tam co gian hien hanh cua oi tng ang c chon. Ta co the hieu chnh cac gia tr nay hoac go gia tr Offset la khoang lech 3D SM cong gia tr Offset vao gia tr Absolute hien hanh cho ra gia tr Absolute mi.

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6. Truc trong vung nhn : Trong khung nhn c chon e thc hien cac phep bien anh co he truc rieng gom 2 truc, co the gay anh hng en 3 phep bien anh.

7. He truc toa o bien anh : He truc toa o bien anh la View c thiet lap mac nh, vi cac truc trung khp vi he truc trong khung nhn. Co the co nhng he truc bien anh sau : + View : Mot s ket hp gia he truc toa o World & Sreen. Neu kch hoat khung nhn trc giao, he truc toa o Sreen c s dung, Kch hoat khung nhn User, Perpective, Camera th he truc World c s dung. + Sreen : S dung man hnh cua khung nhn hoat ong lam he truc toa o, X : truc hoanh ; Y :truc tung ; Z :bieu dien chieu sau, vi chieu ng la chieu hng ve ngi s dung.

+ World : S dung he truc toa o World vi cac truc khong bao gi oi hng. Khi xem mo hnh t tren cao xuong se thay truc X chay ngang, truc Y doc va Z sau vi chieu dng hng ve ngi s dung. + Parent : S dung he truc toa o cua cha oi tng neu co. + Local : S dung he truc toa o cuc bo cua oi tng c chon. + Grid : S dung he truc toa o cua li hoat ong, co the la Home Grid hay Helper Grid. + Pick : S dung he truc toa o cua oi tng khac trong khung canh. 8. Khong che truc bien anh Cac cong cu Axis constraint dung gii han phep bien anh truc chnh xac. Nut cong cu ch ra hnh thc khong che. Co the khong che truc X-X, Y-Y, Z-Z hoac khong che 1 truc bang cong cu Single-Axis - V du : Nhap cong cu Y-Z va kch hoat nut Move, con tro se di chuyen theo truc Y va Z. Neu Page : 14/74

http://tuananh.somee.com sau o lick chuot vao truc Y th chuyen ong ch gii han truc Y. 9. Tam bien anh : Vi phep bien anh Scale va Rotate se co 1 pivot dung e bien anh goi la tam bien anh Transform-center. Co the at tam bien anh nhieu v tr khac nhau thong qua cac cong cu sau : + Pivot Point : Hoat ong bien anh xay ra gan tam oi tng + Selection center :hoat ong bien anh xay ra gan tam hop gii han bao quanh vung chon hien hanh. + Transform Coordinate Center : hoat ong bien anh xay ra gan tam cua he truc toa o bien anh ang hieu lc. 10. Nhan ban khi bien anh : Nhan gi phm Shift trong luc th hien phep bien anh, se nhan ban oi tng, gi nguyen ban trang thai ban au. + Nhan ban mang Array Cloning : la tao ban sao chnh xac xep theo ng thang hoac tron. Thao tac chon mang : - Chon oi tng can tao mang. - Chon he truc toa o va tam bien anh - Kch hoat cong cu Array - Thiet lap cac thong so mang trong hop thoai Array. + Mang xep theo ng thang Linear-Array : Lick chon nut Reset All Parameters trong hop thoai Array e tra cac thong so ve gia tr mac nh. Sau o go gia tr ch muc 1 truc dng hoac am. Gia tr nay bieu th khoang cach dch chuyen gia cac oi tng. Tam cua mang la do tam bien anh quyet nh. + Mang xep thanh hnh vong tron Circular-Array :Lick nut Reset all trong hop thoai Array, go gia tr cho truc dung lam truc xoay. Gia tr nay the hien goc gia cac oi tng xung quanh tam bien anh + Mang xep theo ng xoan oc : thiet lap cac gia tr can thiet e tao mang xoay + Tao ban sao phan chieu : trc tien phai chon oi tng roi chon cong cu Mirror-Asix trong hop thoai Mirror, nh 1 trong 6 truc cho phep nhan ban phan chieu. Gia tr Offset dch chuyen ban sao phan chieu theo truc phan chieu + Nhan ban chup nhanh : La phep nhan ban 1 oi tng doc theo ng dan hoat hnh. Co the tao 1 ban sao tai khung Frame bat ky hoac tao nhieu ban sao cach ieu nhau qua so khung xac nh.

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BAI 6. CAC TUY CHON CANH CHNH.

I. GII THIEU
Nhom tuy chon canh chnh Align cho phep ta so khp v tr va hng cua cac oi tng vi nhau. Can phai co 2 oi tng : oi tng nguon (Soure) Va oi tng ch (Targer). - oi tng nguon la oi tng can dch chuyen c chon e bat au qua trnh canh chnh. oi tng ch dung lam tam e giong hnh c chon sau cung. Co 3 tuy chon canh chnh : Align, Align-Normals va Place Highlights. + Align : Canh chnh oi tng nay theo oi tng khac, ong thi cho phep canh chnh theo 1 hay nhieu truc cua oi tng ch. + Align Normals : Canh chnh mat chuan (Face Normals gia cac oi tng. + Place highlights : Canh chnh nguon sang Camera hoac oi tng khac vi iem xac nh tren 1 oi tng + Camera : Canh chnh Camera theo 1 mat chuan + View : Canh chnh he truc toa o cuc bo cua oi tng vi mat phang khung nhn hien hanh. Lick chon oi tng nguon, la oi tng se b dch chuyen Lick chon cong cu Align, khi o con tro canh chnh xuat hien co kem theo dau thap. Lick chon oi tng ch hop thoai Align Selection xuat hien, tren hop thoai ta co the thiet lap iem canh tren oi tng hien hanh Current Object va oi tng ch Target Object. Chon truc can s dung X, Y, Z. Can quan sat chuyen ong trong cac khung nhn trc khi Apply e ap dung thay oi.

II. THAO TAC CANH CHNH

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BAI 7. BIEN OI
III. GII THIEU

Mot oi tng sau khi tao thanh cho phep bien oi theo nhieu kieu khac nhau t viec ieu chnh thong so en ap dung cac phep bien oi e uon cong hoac van xoan oi tng. Vi bang lenh Modify cho phep nhieu cach chnh sa oi tng.

Bang lenh modify gom nhieu vung khac nhau cho phep thi hanh nhieu phep bien oi khac nhau tren oi tng c chon . Cac tuy chon hien th tuy theo loai oi tng c chon, theo phep bien oi can c thc hien. Va ay la nhng vung thiet lap trong hop thoai + Name and Color: la thiet lap au tien tren bang lenh e xac nh ten va mau cua oi tng c chon . Neu chon nhieu oi tng cung 1 luc th vung ten se b m i khong the chnh sa c. Page : 17/74

IV. BANG LENH MODIFY

http://tuananh.somee.com + Object Modifiers: Co toi a 16 nut khac nhau kha dung vung nay. Click nut bat ky trong so o, no se c a vao danh sach Modifier Stack, la danh sach liet ke cac phep bien oi c ap dung cho oi tng. Do o ta co the ap dung nhieu phep bien oi khac nhau cho cung 1 oi tng. Thc ra khong ch 3D SM ch co 16 nut bien oi oi tng ma con nhieu phep bien oi khac, truy cap qua nut lenh More. Nut set cho phep chon tap hp phep bien oi tuy y t danh sach o xuong . Ta chnh sa tap hp nut bien oi ban cong cu Custom Set ben canh nut Sets. @ Cac tuy chon cua danh sach Modify Stack: Khi ap dung 1 phep bien oi oi tng, phep bien oi o c a vao danh sach Modifier Stack. Muc cuoi cung tren danh sach chnh la cac thong so kien tao chuan cua oi tng, c xac nh can c vao loai oi tng. Ben canh danh sach Modifier Stack la nut Pin Stack. Tac dung cua Pin Stack la khoa danh dach Stack lai. Cac nut vung nay bao gom : + active/inactive : vo hieu hoa phep bien oi hien hanh nhng khong xoa + Show end Result : Cho phep hien th hieu ng cua tat ca cac phep bien oi co ten trong danh sach tren cua oi tng c chon. + Make Unique : Lam cho 1 phep bien oi tr thanh phep bien oi ch co oi tng c chon + Remove Modify : xoa phep bien oi hien hanh ra khoi danh sach. + Edit Stack : thay oi trat t cac phep bien oi trong danh sach. + Selection Level : Pha di nut Modify Stack la vung Selection level, la ni cho phep hieu chnh cac oi tng con. Mot oi tng c cau thanh t cac mat nh canh va o chnh la cac oi tng con (Sub Object) Muon hieu chnh oi tng con can phai chon chung t danh sach Sub-Object vung selection level sau khi a quet sang thong so Edit Mesh t danh sach Modify Stack hoac nhan nut Edit Mesh. Chon xong loai oi tng con, can chon tiep loai oi tng thc s tren chnh oi tng o. V du chon oi tng con la Face th nhan tiep mat cu the can chnh sa tren cac oi tng.Lu y la nut Sub-Object phai hoat ong th mi thay oi c oi tng cap oi tng con. + Hop cuon Object Parameter Vung cuoi cung tren ban lenh Modifier la hop cuon Parameter, oi luc co ten la Edit tuy theo phep bien oi hien hanh cu the. ay ta thay oi cac thong socan c vao muc hien hanh tren danh sach Modifier Stack

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CHNG 4. CAC LENH VE HIEU CHNH 2D VA CAC LENH NGUYEN SINH 3D BAI 1. GII THIEU VE SHAPES
Co 11 nut lenh tao Shape, t nut lenh tao ng thang (line) ti lenh tao vong xoan oc Cach tao cac Shape nay gan giong nh cac phan mem 2D nh Corel Draw... Khi bo chon Start New Shape va tao cac shape th tat ca cac Shape nay ch la 1 oi tng tc la Spline at ten va chon mau cho Shape tai thanh cuon name va Color

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http://tuananh.somee.com Mac nh cac Shape trong 3D Max c tao ra se khong nhn thay khi Render(ket xuat). Neu can hien th Shape cho viec ket xuat cua mnh, tai Modify lick m thanh cuon General, chon Renderable (co the ket xuat c). Vi o day net la bao nhieu th nhap gia tr vao hop thoai Thickness ong thi muon cho Shape trn tru hn th tang gia tr cua Step ac biet trong cac cong cu tao shape la kha nang o lai net vien cua 1 khoi 3D nao o bang lenh Section, tuy theo ban re ve Section tai vung nhn nao th net ve o lai oi tng 3D se c tao tao ra tai vung nhn o.

Bai 2. cac lenh ve 2D

Dung ve oan thang, Chon lenh t ca so Command Panel->Chon Shape->Chon Line + The Creation Method Conner : ve goc Smooth : ve thanh cac ng cong mn bo tron Bezier : Ve theo ng cong Brezier(Giong trong Corel Draw) Sau o lick chuot e ve tng iem. Lu y: Neu iem au va cuoi cua oan Line trung nhau th se xuat hien hop thoai Close Spline (Xac nh viec khep kn cac ng line lai vi nhau) Dung ve hnh tron + The Greation Method Edge: ve t cung tron bien theo ng knh Center: Ve hnh tron t tam ra. + The Parameter Radius : Xac nh gia tr ban knh hnh tron Dung ve cung tron + The Greation Method End End Midle: ve xung t 2 iem cuoi trc roi sau o mi ve iem gia (Thao tac: Chon 1 iem bat ky -> Gi chuot keo e chon iem cuoi -> Tha chuot ra ->Hieu chnh ve iem gia) Center End End: Ve iem gia roi mi ve 2 iem cuoi (Thao tac: chon iem gia sau o chon diem 2 iem End sau) + The Parameter: Radius: giup xac nh ban knh cua cung tron From: xac nh iem bat au To : Xac nh iem ket thuc Pie: Chuyen hnh dang t Arc sang dang hnh banh(Pie) Reverse: Chuyen oi iem cua cung tron, tc la chuyen iem au thanh iem cuoi, iem cuoi thanh iem au. Page : 20/74

Lenh Line

Lenh Circle

Lenh Arc

http://tuananh.somee.com Dung ve hnh a giac. + The Creation Method Edge : ve a giac theo ng canh Center: ve a giac theo ng tam ra + The Parameter Radius: giup xac nh ban knh hnh tron Insrisbed : ve a giac noi tiep Sides: xac nh so canh cua a giac Conner Radius: Xac nh ban knh goc bo tren canh a giac

Lenh NGon

Dung nhap Text + The Parameter Kerning : thiet lap khoang cach gia cac ky t Leading: thiet lap khoang cac gia cac dong van ban Khung nhap Text: nhap noi dung van ban. (Thao tac: Lick chuot chon mot iem xuat text ra mo hnh)

Lenh Text

Lenh Section
Dung ve ng vien co dang ng net da tren 1 mat phang cat tng tng at tren oi tng. Dung ve hnh ch nhat, nhan gi Ctrl trong khi o ve c hnh vuong. + The Creation Method Edge: ve t hnh ch nhat theo ng canh Center: ve hnh ch nhat t tam ra + The Parameter Leghth: Nhap chieu dai canh theo truc y Width: Nhap chieu dai canh theo truc x Conner Radius: Xac nh ban knh goc bo tren canh hnh ch nhat

Lenh Rectangle

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Dung ve hnh Ellipse + The Creation Method Edge: ve t hnh elip theo ng canh Center: ve elip t tam ra + The Parameter Leghth: Nhap chieu rong cua hnh Elip theo truc y(truc ng) Width: Nhap chieu dai cua hnh Elip theo truc x(truc nam ngang) Dung ve hnh vanh khan + The Creation Methdod Edge : Ve hnh vanh khan theo ng cung Center: Ve hnh vanh khan t tam ra + The Parameter Radius 1: Nhap gia tr ban knh ngoai Radius 2: Nhap gia tr ban knh trong Dung e ve hnh ngoi sao + The Parameter Radius 1: Nhap gia tr ban knh ngoai Radius 2: Nhap gia tr ban knh trong Point : Xac nh so iem(so canh) cua hnh sao Distortion: xoan Fillet Radius 1: Bo tron goc ban knh ngoai Fillet Radius 2: Bo tron goc ban knh trong

Lenh Ellipse

Lenh Donut

Lenh Star

Lenh Helix
Dung ve hnh xoan oc + The Creation Method Edge: Ve t hnh xoan oc theo ng cong Center: Ve hnh xoan oc t tam ra + The Parameter Radius 1: Nhap gia tr ban knh ng xoan oc nam di cung

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http://tuananh.somee.com Radius 2: Nhap gia tr ban knh ng xoan oc nam tren cung Heigh: Xac nh chieu cao cua vong xoan Turn: Xac nh so lng vong xoan Bias: Xac nh o nghien cua vong xoan CW: xoan theo chieu kim ong ho CWW: xoan theo chieu ngc chieu kim ong ho (Thao tac: Licks chuot chon iem th nhat, keo chuot chon iem th hai)

BAI 3. HIEU CHNH SHAPE

I. Gii thieu
Bang cach tao nut Shape co san qua 11 nut lenh tren, ta co the tao ra vo so cac hnh dang shape khac na. 3D M coi cac Spline nh la hnh shape. Mot hoac nhieu Spline ket hp tao ra hnh shape phc tap hn, nut lenh start new shape nam phan tren cua bang cuon Object Type , neu khong c chon th tat ca cac spline ieu la 1 shape , ngc lai khi start new shape c chon th moi thao tac tao Spline ieu cho ra 1 shape mi. Bat ky hnh Shape nao c tao ra t lenh Line cung c r ong phat sinh nh mot Spline co the chnh sa Editable Spline Loai Spline co the hieu chnh cap o th cap. Tuy nhien cac ng Spline khac nh vong tron, text, vong cungphai c chuyen oi e tr thanh 1 Spline co the chnh sa. Bang cach lick chuot phai vao 1 spline chon lenh Convert to Editable Spline Sau khi chuyen sang Spline co the chnh sa, ban co the truy cap bat ky thanh phan th cap cua Spline: vertex-nh, segment-oan, Splines-ban than. Hieu chnh Spline cap o th cap cho phep chung ta thc hien cac chc nang ac biet + Attach: Cho phep gan 1 hoac nhieu spline vao trong 1 Shape hien hanh. Trong bang cuon General cua bang lenh Editable Spline, co the ieu chnh cac tuy chon noi suy cua 1 Spline trong Shape hien hanh. Cung co the xac lap cac tuy chon Render cho Spline bang cach gan cho Spline 1 o day (Thickness) khi chung Render Hau het cac lenh e hieu chnh Spline co the c truy cap nhanh neu ban lick chuot phai vao ng Spline c chon ngoai cac truy cap tai bang Modify.

II. Hieu chnh Spline cap o nh

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http://tuananh.somee.com ay la cap au tien va quan trong e ieu chnh Spline. Truy cap vao cap o nay bang cach bat nut lenh Sub-Object trong bang lenh Modify va chon Vertex trong hop danh sach so xuong. Khi cap o th cap nh c kch hoat, cac oi tng ma ban co the chon trong khung ccanh ch la cac nh vertex cua ng Spline ang chon ma thoi. ieu nay co ngha neu muon chon oi tng khac ngoai Spline hien hanh th phai tat nut Sub-Object. Khi nut nay c bat th cac inh c chon se oi sang mau o va 1 ky hieu kieng 3 truc xuat hien. Phu thuoc vao loai tiep tuyen ma nh nay ang s dung, ban cung co the cc cac tay nam tiep tuyen mau xanh la cay bang cach lick chuot phai vao 1 nh ang c chon, ta cung co the oi loai tiep tuyen ang c s dung bi nh o. Co 4 loai tiep tuyen cho 1 nh la : Corner(nhon), Smooth, Bezier, va Bezier Corner. Cac lenh e chnh sa Spline gom co: + Cross insert: Trong trng hp ban co 2 ng Spline namg trong 1 hnh Shape cat nhau. Vi lenh Cross insert ban co the chen 1 nh tai giao iem cua chung. Nut cuon nam ke ben cho phep nh khoang cach toi a cho cac Spline nay e co the chen them nh cho chung. + Fillet: Cho phep chon 1 nh nao o va tao ra 1 ng ln cong. Nut cuon ke ben se nh kch c cho oan cong o. Chon nh va keo nut cuon e tao ra 1 oan ln cong. + Chamfer : Giong nh Fillet nhng tao ra 1 vat thang ngay tai nh goc o. + Bind/Unbind: trong vai trng hp ban muon noi iem cuoi cua spline nay en iem gia cua spline khac trong cung 1 shape. Khi ban Blind- rang buoc 1 nh, no se oi sng mau en e biet trang thai ang b rang buoc cua no. Lenh Unblind e g rang buoc cho nh a b Blind. + Refine: Them nh, Chon lenh Lick chuot vao iem tren Spline ma ban muon them nh vao.

+ Insert: cung la lenh them nh nh Refine, nhng khong dt lenh ngay khi ba lick tren Spline, ban co the them nhieu nh cho en khi ban lick phai. + Weld: Cho phep han gan 2 nh lai thanh 1 nh chung. Chon 2 nh can muon han lai sau o chon lenh Weld. + Conect: cho phep noi 2 nh cua Spline h thanh 1 spline ong kn bang cach tao ra 1 ng thang noi 2 nh o. Chon lenh sau o lick vao 1 trong 2 nh a chuot sang nh con lai con tro se chuyen sang ky hieu cho phep ket noi. Page : 24/74

http://tuananh.somee.com + Make first: xac nh iem au tien cho 1 spline. + Break: Tach nh.

III.

Tai hop thoai danh sach so xuong ben canh Sub-Object, chon Segment cho phep ban ieu chnh spline cap o oan. Cac lenh hieu chnh cap o nay bao gom: + Devide: chia oan, chon oan can chia roi go gia tr can chia vao hop ben canh lenh Devide, sau cung lick chon lenh Devide + Detach: Cho phep tach oan ang c chon ra nhieu che o khac nhau. Cac che o: Same shape(tach ra nhng van la thanh vien cua spline hien hanh); Copy(Tach ra bang cach sao chep oan ang chon thanh 1 shape mi. + Hide: Dau oan ang chon + Delete: Xoa bo oan ang chon.

Hieu chnh Spline cap o oan Segment.

IV. Hieu chnh Spline cap o chu tuyen Spline

Chon che o Spline tai Sub-Object cho phep hieu chnh Spline che o nay. Nhn chung hau het cac hieu chnh eu dien ra cap o nh hoac cap o spline. Viec hieu chnh nh c s dung e ieu chnh hnh dang cua ng Spline. Trong khi viec hieu chnh cap o Spline c s dung e ket hp hoac nhieu spline lai vi nhau tao thanh 1 spline mi. Bao gom cac lenh sau: +Mirror: lat oi xng cac spline hien hanh, chon spline muon lat xac nhan cong viec copy, neu muon spline oi xng c sao ra t spline goc va truc muon lat roi lick chon lenh mirror. + Out line: tao ra 1 ban sao song song vi spline hien hanh. Khoang cach gia spline goc va ban sao song song c nh bang nut cuon ke ben hoac bang cach keo chuot + Trim va Extend: S dung cat 1 phan spline t 1 spline khac, cung nh viec duoi thang extend. + Boolen: cac spline giao nhau se c cong, tr hoac ch s dung phan giao nhau khi s dung lenh nay. Chon Spline muon Page : 25/74

http://tuananh.somee.com boolean, lick chon che o boolean gom co: Union(Cong); Subtraction(tr); Intersec (giao)Sau o lick chon Boolean va lick vao spline con lai ben ngoai ang giao vi spline goc. + Detach and Attach: tach hoac ket hp 1 chu tuyen ra khoi hoac them vao shape hien hanh

BAI 4. CAC LENH VE 3D NGUYEN SINH PRIMITIVE

I. Cac oi tng 3D t Primitive
T bang Command Panel ta co the tao ra cac oi tng 3D nguyen sinh. Click chon Create Chon Geometric Tao cac oi tng 3D nguyen sinh t : Standard Primitives va Extended Primitives. Sau khi tao xong ta co the thay oi cac thong so trong bang Modify Parameters. Box khoi hop: La hnh thai n gian nhat cua oi tng 3 chieu. Ban chon phng phap tao la Box hay Cube eu c, vi BO th an nh ca 3 chieu oc lap nhau. Con Cube th tao nen 1 hnh dang 3 chieu ong nhat, cho phep an nh kch thc toan the. Muon tao hnh hop co ay vuong nhng chieu cao khong ong nhat th nhan gi Ctrl khi keo tao ay hop. Chieu dai bang chieu rong nhng ban co the an nh chieu cao tuy y.

Sphere hnh cau.

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http://tuananh.somee.com Hnh cau thc ra co nhieu dang phu thuoc vao tham so. Dang mac nh la hnh cau, tuy chon Hemisphere cho phep xac nh gia tr gia 0 va 1. 0 tao khoi cau tron tra. Khi gia tr tang len 1 hnh cau se b cat xen bt 1 phan lp . Chop la tuy chon mac nh, no lam giam bt so nh va mat khi hnh cau b xen bt. Tuy chon Squash giup duy truy so nh va mat khi mat cau b xen bt. Giam so mat ben co the tao ra mat tinh the.

Cyclinder - Khoi tru: Thong qua cac thong so cua hnh tru ta co the an nh so phan oan cho chieu cao va 2 mat tron 2 au. Gia tr thong so Number of side quyet nh mc o tron tra cua hnh tru. V du: Neu giam gia tr Number oi side va tat Smooth th ket qua se la hnh lang tru

Torus vong xuyen Lenh nay tao ra mot vong tron giong nh cai banh cam. Co 2 ban knh tnh t tam. Mt vi ty chn ch dnh ring cho hnh xuyn. Smooth, Rotation, Twist Rotation: So o goc xoay cac mat xung quanh hnh tron tiet dien Twist : so o goc xoan cac mat xung quanh hnh tron, vi tiet dien c quay theo ung goc o Twist. Phai nh gia so Increment la 360 o e tranh tnh trang thu hep phan oan au tien cua vong xuyen khep kn. Teapot : Ve am tra Lenh nay ve hnh am tra co ien. Page : 27/74

http://tuananh.somee.com Cone hnh non Cac bc tao hnh non - Lick chuot vao cong cu Cone - Keo tha chuot e xac nh ban knh cho mat ay. - Di chuyen chuot e c tnh chieu cao sau o lick chuot tai iem thch hp - nh ban knh cua iem con lai bang 0 e tao hnh non nhon hoac nh gia tr thch hp e tao non cut.Lick chuot e an nh kch thc. - Cung nh hnh tru va hnh ong, giam bt so mat ben Number of Side va tat Smooth se bien hnh non thanh hnh chop. Geosphere : Khoi cau. Tube : Khoi ong Pyramid: khoi thap Plan: Tru 3 mat. II. CAC OI TNG 3 D T EXTENDED PRIMITIVES Hedra: mot trong cac oi tng c ban m rong. Lenh hedra tao khoi a dien 3 chieu, ac co cac mat la hnh a giac (tam giac, t giac) . Co 5 loai tat ca: T giac Tetra, khoi vuong/bat giac Cube/Octa, 12 canh Dodec, 20 canh Ico, Star1 va Star2. Chamfer Box: Tao hnh hop canh xien goc hoac tron. Re chuot e nh dang cac goc cheo, nhan Ctrl e lam cho mat ay tr thanh mot hnh vuong. Tha chuot, di chuyen chuot theo chieu doc e xac nh o cao cua hop, lick chuot e nh dang o cao. Di chuyen chuot theo ng cheo e xac nh chieu rong cua ng vien hoac cua mat cat ( hng ben trai pha tren th thang chieu rong, hng ben phai pha di th giam chieu rong). Click chuot e hoan thanh.

1.

2. -

3. OilTank: tao ra khoi tru vi nhng nh loi. 4. Rengon: ve a giac ieu va loi vi nhng le cua mat phang c vien 1 cach tuy y. Tao ra cac Side spinners e xac nh so lng cac mat chen trong Rengon Re chuot e tao ban knh cho Rengon Tha chuot di chuyen chuot theo chieu doc e xac nh chieu cao cua Rengon. Click chuot e thiet lap chieu cao. Di chuyen chuot theo ng cheo e ch ra kch thc mat cat doc theo cac goc cua mat phang(hng ben trai-tang kch thc; hng ben phai giam kch thc) Click chuot e hoan thanh Rengon. Trong Parameters rolluot, tang Fillet Seg Spinner e lam tron cac goc mat cat thanh ng vien. 5. Spindle: Tao ra mot khoi tru vi nhng chp non Page : 28/74

http://tuananh.somee.com 6. Re chuot e xac nh ban knh ay cua Spindle Tha chuot, di chuyen chuot theo chieu doc e xac nh o cao cua Spindle. Click chuot e xac nh chieu cao. Di chuyen chuot theo ng cheo e xac nh chieu cao cua Spindle (Hng tren ben trai tang chieu cao, hng di ben phai giam chieu cao) Click chuot e hoan thanh. RingWave: e tao mot vong tron hnh thai tuy y, vi tuy chon hnh canh ben trong va hnh canh ben ngoai ta co nhieu hnh thai khac nhau sinh ong. Ban co the lam song ong s phat trien cua Ringwave object, ban co the s dung keyframing e lam song ong cac numberics settings. S dugnj Ringwave cho cac hieu ng song ong khac nhau, e ve mot lan song ap suat t mot vu no ngoi sao hoac ve tinh: Click chuot e tao Ringwave Object. Keo timeSlider e thay s song ong c ban. ieu nay c quyet nh bi Inner Edge breakup Group -> Crawl Time Setting. e lam song ong s phat trien cua vong tron, Chon Ringwave Timming Group -> Grow and Stay hoac Cyclic Grow.

7. Hose: la mot vat the linh ong va ban co the ket noi gia hai vat the va roi no tac ong lai s di chuyen cua chung. Tng t nh Spring nhng no khong co cac ac tnh ong. BAn co the xac nh ng knh tong the va chieu dai cua hose, so vong quay, ng knh va hnh thai wire cua no. - Re chuot e xac nh ban knh cua hose - Tha chuot, di chuyen chuot e xac nh chieu dai cua hose. - Click chuot e hoan thanh

8. Torus Knot : S sung tao ra cac ng xoan tron phc tap va co mau bang cach ve cac ng tron 2D trong nhng mat phang bnh thng xung quanh ng tron 3D. - Nhng ng tron 3D (ng tron c ban) co the la 1 ng tron hoac la iem trung tam ng xoan tron. - Ban co the thay oi v tr trung tam bang cach di chuyen chuot : Radius di chuyen oi tng t trong ra ngoai ; Parameter Rollout > Base Curve Group : cung cap thong so tac ong en ng tron c s. - Knot/Circle Knot : ng vien tron tron lan vi no, da tren nhieu thong so khac nhau. Vi Cirle ng tron c s la 1 ng tron, dan en 1 ng tron trung bnh vi cac thong so nh la warp va Accentricity ben trai mac nh cua chung. - Radius thanh lap ban knh ng tron - Segments tao nen cac mui xung quanh chu vi cua ng vien tron.

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http://tuananh.somee.com 9. ChamferCly: Tao ra khoi tru vi cac goc bo tron - Re chuot xac nh ban knh c s - Tha chuot di chuyen chuot theo chieu doc e xac nh chieu cao, click chuot e xac nh chieu cao. - Di chuyen chuot theo ng cheo e xac nh chieu rong cua ng vien, hoac mat cat (hng ben trai pha tren th tang chieu rong, hng ben phai pha di th giam chieu rong) - Click chuot e hoan thanh khoi tru. 10. Capsule : Tao khoi tru vi nh hnh ban cau

11. C-Ext: Tao vat the co dang C - Re chuot e xac nh mat ay (Nhan Ctrl e nen mat ay thanh hnh vuong). - Tha va di chuyen chuot theo chieu doc e xac nh chieu cao cua C-extrusion. - Click va di chuyen chuot theo chieu doc e xac nh be day va be rong cua thanh Cextrusion. - Lick chuot e hoan thanh. Back/Side/Front length ch ra chieu dai cua moi 3 mat Back/Side/Front width ch ra chieu rong cua moi 3 mat Height ch ra chieu cao tong the cua vat the Back/Side/Front Segs ch ra so lng mui cho mot mat cu the cua vat the.

12. L-ext : Tao ra vat the dang L - Re chuot e xac nh mat ay (Nhan Ctrl e nen mat ay thanh hnh vuong) - Tha chuot va di chuyen theo chieu doc e xac nh chieu cao - Click chuot va di chuyen theo chieu doc e xac nh be day va be rong cua thanh - Lick chuot e hoan thanh Page : 30/74

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CHNG 5. DNG MO HNH C BAN VA NANG CAO

BAI 1. THAO TAC CHUYEN OI TNG 3D THANH 2D - Chon oi tng 3D chuyen thanh cac oi tng 2D - Click chuot phai chon Converto, co 3 tuy chon sau + Convert to Editable Patch: chuyen oi thanh dang tam + Convert to Editable Poly : Chuyen oi thanh nhng be mat Polygon + Convert to Editable Mesh : Chuyen oi thanh dang ng li Sau o chuyen cac dang hieu chnh t Parameter tren menu Modify gom co: + Vertex : hieu chnh dang iem + Edge : hieu chnh dang ng line + polygon : hieu chnh dang be mat Neu chon muc vertex , th se thc hien cac lenh hieu chnh trong phan Edit Vertices. Tng t neu chon muc Edge hoac Polygon th se thc hien cac lenh hieu chnh trong phan Edit Edge hoac Edit Poly

Trong hop thoai Edit Poly co cac lenh hieu chnh sau: + Extrude: tao khoi cho be mat Lick vao nut setting ke ben e m hop thoai Extrude Polygon -> khi o co the nhap chnh xac gia tr Extrusion Height vao + Bevel: vat canh cua mat. Click vao nut setting ke ben e m hop thoai Bevel Polygons khi o co the nhap chnh xac gia tr Height va Outline Amout vao. + Inset: sao chep them mot mat khac. Click vao nut setting ke ben e m hop thoai Inset Polygons khi o co the nhap chnh xac gia tr Inset Amout vao. Page : 31/74

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+ Outline: tao ng vien ben ngoai oi tng. Click vao nut setting ke ben e m hop thoai Outline Polygons khi o co the nhap chnh xac gia tr Outline Amout vao. + Higle from Edge Click vao nut setting ke ben e m hop thoai Higle Polygons from Edge khi o co the nhap chnh xac gia tr Higle and Segments vao. + Extrude Along Spline Click vao nut setting ke ben e m hop thoai Extrude Polygons Along Spline khi o co the nhap chnh xac gia tr Segments, Taper Amout, Taper Curve va Twist vao. BAI 2. LENH EXTRUDE Dung hieu chnh oi tng 2D thanh khoi 3D Chon oi tng can Extrude Vao Modify tren ca so Command Penel chon Modify list chon lenh Extrude

+ The Parameters - Amout: hieu chnh chieu cao cua khoi. - Segments : so phan oan theo chieu cao cua khoi (thng bang 1) + Capping - Cap Start: ong nap au - Cap End : ong nap cuoi + Output - Patch : xuat dang tam - Mesh : xuat dang li Page : 32/74

http://tuananh.somee.com BAI 3 . LENH MIRROR Dung e lat oi xng oi tng Thao tac: - Chon oi tng can lat - Lick vao cong cu miror tren thanh cong cu - Chon truc lat oi xng : x,y,z - Offset : thiet lap khoang cach - Noclone: khong sao chep ra oi tng mi khi miror - Clone/Copy : sao chep ra mot oi tng mi khi copy

BAI 3. LENH ALIGH Dung canh chnh gia cac oi tng + Thao tac: - Chon oi tng can canh chnh - Chon lenh Align - Chon oi tng lam chuan Target Abject Xuat hien hop thoai Align - Align Position: Chon truc can canh chnh - Current Object : min canh trai; center canh gia; Pivot Canh theo tam xoay; max canh ben phai.

BAI 5. LENH ARRAY Dung sao chep oi tng theo day, theo tam xoay + Thao tac: - Chon oi tng can sao chep theo day - Vao menu tools chon lenh Array - Hop thoai Array xuat hien trong o co: - Increment : Chon truc can sao chep Page : 33/74

http://tuananh.somee.com - Move: khoang cach gia cac oi tng can sao chep - Rotate : Xac nh goc quay cua oi tng can sao chep - Scale : hieu chnh t le oi tng can sao chep - Count : so lng oi tng can array Lu y: Neu can oi tam xoay th phai s dung lenh Heirarchy

BAI 6. LENH HIERARCHY Dung di chuyen tam xoay cua oi tng - Chon the lenh hierarchy tren command Pennel - Chon oi tng can di chuyen tam xoay - Chon vao muc Effect Pivot Only - Dung lenh Move e di chuyen tam xoay ra v tr khac - Object Only: Di chuyen oi tng i tam xoay van con o.

BAI 7. LENH LOFT Dung oi tng lam ng Pacth, mot mat cat tiet dien hoac tao ra oi tng 3D gia mat cat tiet dien chay theo ng Patch - Chon vao muc Commpout Object - Chon lenh Loft + The Creation Method - Get Patch: chon oi tng ng Patch at vao oi tng Shape e tao oi tng 3D - GetShape : Chon oi tng Shape nam tren ng Patch Thao tac: - Chon oi tng Patch hoac oi tng Shape - Chon kieu tao: Get Patch hoac Get Shape - Sao o xuat hien bieu tng co dau + - Lick chon oi tng can at oi tng can at theo Patch hoac theo Shape Thuoc tnh: - Move : di chuyen oi tng at theo theo ng Patch. Neu chon Get Shape th oi tng Shape se khong the hieu chnh c - Copy : sao chep oi tng tren ng Patch. Neu chon Patch Shape th oi tng Shape se khong hieu chnh c - Instance: Sao chep oi tng e tao. Co the hieu chnh oi tng goc e tac ong en oi tng 3D va tao bang lenh Loft. Page : 34/74

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Hieu chnh oi tng Loft: - Chon the lenh Modiffy - Chon lenh deformation - Scale : hieu chnh t le ca so Scale hien ra, trong o +Move Control Point: hieu chnh cac tiep tuyen co tren Insert Bizer point + nsert Bizer Point : chen 1 iem tren ng thang mau o, tao hieu ng Scale. ng nam tren ca so giup hieu chnh e tac ong en oi tng Loft + Reset: Tra ve gia tr mac nh ban au. - Twist : xoan - Twistler : xoan bop meo - Bevel: vat canh - Fit: tao hong biet Lu y: Bieu tng bong en dung e tat m cac hieu ng.

Dng mo hnh trt vong. La 1 trong cac phng phap dung chuyen oi tng Spline thanh oi tng 3D. Loft rat giong vi Extrude ngoai tr 3 iem khac biet sau ay: + Khi hnh Shape c Loft theo ng dan, th co the lam bien dang no qua 5 cong cu bien dang co trong max + Trong khi Etrude lam nho cao, ay khoi theo ng thang va co chieu cao khogn oi, Th Loht se lam trt hnh Shape doc mot ng dan bat ky. + Ta cung co the Loft mot hnh Shape doc theo mot ng dan roi sao o cung co the lam thay oi hnh dang tiet dien cua no doc theo ng dan o. Va cung chnh v s khac biet nay ma Loft tr thanh cong cu rat manh. Lenh Loft nhieu oi tng Shape + Chon ng dan Pacth + Chon Compout Object + Chon lenh Loft + Chon Get Shape Lick chon oi tng Shape 1. + The Parameter Patch nhap vao t le % tren ng Pacth e at Shape th 2 vao Page : 35/74

http://tuananh.somee.com + Chon lai muc Get Shape Tren oi tng Loft co dang 2 hnh Shape.

Kh o xoan tren hnh Loft: Vao Modify trong khung Stack, lick vao dau cong pha trc Loft Khi chon vao oi tng Shape th oi tng chuyen sang mau o Chon Rotate e xoay Shape Attach e cong cac oi tng lai.

BAI 8. LENH LATHE Can phai hieu chnh ng li trc khi dung lenh Lathe Click chuot phai chon Snap Toggle : thiet lap gia tr la 10 Click chuot khi ve, muon xoa th nhan phm BackSpace tren ban phm e ket thuc ve click chuot trai The Parameters - Degree xac nh goc xoay - vWeld Core: khi tao se han dnh cac oi tng lai vi nhau - Flip Normal: tao mat ben trong cua oi tng e gan chat lieu - Cap ping Cap Start: han kn tam nap au Cap End: Han kn tam nap cuoi

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- Align : Chon tam xoay + Min tam xoay nam ben trai oi tng + Center : gia + Max: tam xoay nam ben phai oi tng - Output : xuat ra + Pacth : xuat dang tam + Mesh: xuat dang li BAI 9. LENH BOOLEAN Dung han cat oi tng khoi 3D + Thao tac - Chon Compout Object - Chon oi tng can thc hien lenh - Chon lenh Boolean Pick dung chon oi tng cat - The parameters Unions : cong oi tng Subtraction (A-B): cat oi tng A vao oi tng B Subtraction (B-A): cat oi tng B vao oi tng A Cut : cat Interset : lay phan giao BAI 10. LENH TAPER + Thao tac: - Chon Modify - Chon lenh Taper + The Parameters - Amount : hieu chnh mat Top - Curver: hieu chnh oan cong theo chieu cao cua oi tng + Tape Axis : Chon truc thiet lap hieu ng cho oi tng BAI 11. LENH BEVEL PROFILE Dung tao khoi t 2 oi tng 2D, nh mot ng tron va mot ng thang + Thao tac: Page : 37/74

http://tuananh.somee.com - Chon 1 oi tng 2D - Vao Modify list - Chon Bevel Profile - Chon Pick Bevel Profile tren the Parameter - Lick chon oi tng 2 D th 2 e tao khoi 3D Lu y: oi tng 2D th 2 khi tao van con c gia nguyen oi tng Source va cho phep hieu chnh e bien dang thanh hnh dang khac bang cach chnh trc tiep t oi tng Source t 2D th 2. Neu oi tng 2D b xoa th khoi se b xoa theo

BAI 12. LENH SHELL Dung e hieu chnh o day cho oi tng 3D c tao nen t lenh Lathe + Thao tac - Chon oi tng 3D can thc hien lenh Lathe - Vao Modify list chon lenh Shell + The parameter - Inner Amount : tao o day t ng bien cua oi tng vao trong - Outer Amount : Tao o day t ng bien cua oi tng ra ngoai

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BAI 13. LENH DI CHUYEN TAM XOAY Dung e di chuyen tam xoay cua oi tng nay vao tam xoay cua oi tng khac. + Thao tac: - Chon oi tng can di chuyen tam xoay vao trong mot oi tng khac - Chon Use Tranform Coordinate Center tren thanh cong cu - T o View so xuong chon cong cu Pick - Click chuot chon oi tng can at lam tam xoay. Khi o tai o View se xuat hien oi tng at tam xoay Co the dung lenh Array e xoay th theo truc z, goc xoay 30 o vi Count la 12 oi tng. BAI 14. LENH SPACING TOOL Dung e chia 1 oi tng tren ng Pacth + Thao tac: - Chon oi tng Shape - Vao Menu tool chon Spacing tool khi o hop thoai Spacing tool xuat hien Pick pacth : dung lick chon ng pacth at oi tng Spacing : thiet lap khoang cach gia cac oi tng c tao tren ng Pacth - Start Offset: thiet lap khoang cach t au ng Pacth - End Offset : thiet lap khoang cach t cuoi ng Pacth - Coutext: chon kieu phan bo oi tng - Edge: khoang cach o c tnh t ng outline cua oi tng nay en outline cua oi tng khac. - Center: che o t do t tam

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BAI 15. LENH PATH DEFORM Dung e at oi tng 3D tren ng Path + Thao tac: - Chon oi tng can thc hien lenh path deform - Vao Modify list chon lenh Path deform + The Parameter: - Pick path: lick chuot chon oi tng lam ng path - Percent: t le % cua oi tng at tren ng Path - Rotate: Xoay oi tng 3D theo chieu cau tao oi tng - Twist: xoan oi tng 3D co tren ng Path - Path Deform Axis : Chon hng truc cho oi tng - Flip : lat oi tng theo truc x.y.z

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CHNG 6. CAC PHEP BIEN OI

BAI 1. CAC PHEP BIEN OI MIRROR, ALIGN, ARRAY I. Lenh Miror Dung lat oi xng oi tng, neu chon Copy th se tao ra 1 oi tng khac oi xng vi oi tng hien hanh, tai truc ma no c chon. He truc c s dung la he truc toa o the gii. + Mirror Axis: Chon truc e lat + Offset: xac nh khoang cach tnh tien khi lat oi tng + Clone Selection: La chon hnh thc nhan ban + Mirror IK Limits: Lat oi xng cac gii han IK hay khong

Lenh Array Cho phep tao nhieu ban sao cua oi tng theo kieu tron hay o li. Ban co the tao day theo 1 chieu, 2 chieu, hay 3 chieu kch thc. Va cung co the xac lap cac oi tng tao ra theo day o la Copy, Instance hoac References. Cho phep ieu chnh khoang cach cac thanh phan trong day va c tnh chnh xac chi tiet khoang cach cua tng oi tng (Incremental) hoac tnh theo tong khoang cach (Total) Bang cach click vao mui ten nam gia incremental va total ban co the chuyen oi gia 2 cach tnh. Tuy chon nay co the ap dung cho cac lenh Move, Rotate hoac Scale trong viec tao day. Type of Object: Cho phep la chon cach thc nhan ban la Copy, Instance hoac References.

II.

III. + ng dung: Page : 41/74

Lenh Align

http://tuananh.somee.com Lenh Align dung e giong 1 oi tng nay theo oi tng khac, co the la giong theo v tr, goc xoay hoac theo kch thc. + Thao tac: Chon oi tng can giong Lick chon lenh Align Click vao oi tng muon giong vi. Khi o hop thoai Align Selection se hien ra. Tuy theo vung nhn nao ang hien hanh ma cac v tr giong tai ay se hoat ong tng ng theo cac truc cua vung o.

V du: Giong chiec am tra vao gia va at len ban - Chon am tra - Chon lenh Align - Click chon mat ban tai vung Perpective - Tai hop thoai Align Selection click chon X & Y position chieu ngang va chieu sau, va chon center cho oi tng ang chon (Current Object la am tra) va oi tng ch (Target Object la mat ban). Tam cua am tra c giong vi tam cua mat ban theo 2 truc X va Y - Click chon nut Apply - Chon vao Z position (chieu cao), muc ch la a am tra len tren mat ban, tai vung Curent Object chon Minimum (ben di cua am tra), tai vung Target Object chon Maximum(ben tren cua mat ban). Sau o lick chon nut OK. BAI 2. CAC PHEP BIEN OI HNH DANG Cac phep bien oi hnh dang (Shape Modifier) dung thay oi cac hnh dang ng vien (Spline Shape). Co 3 phep bien oi c ban: Edit Spline, Extrude, Lathe trong o Extrude va Lathe bien dang hnh 2D thanh 3D.Phep bien oi Edit Mesh giup tao hieu ng at biet tren ng vien. A. Edit Spline Dung e chon thay oi toan bo ng vien, oan nhtrong hnh dang. Sau khi a chon hnh dang can bien oi, can an nh cap oi tng con (SubObject) nh: - ng vien : Spline - oan: Segment - nh : Vertex Vi tng cap oi tng con cu the th cac phep bien oi trc thuoc tng ng se hien th nh sau di ay. Page : 42/74

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1. Spline: + Close: them 1 oan vao ng vien h e tao hnh dang khep kn. + Outline: tao ng vien bien xung quanh ng vien a chon + Boolean: cho phep hp, tr, giao hai ng vien e tao thanh hnh dang ng vien vien th 3. + Mirror: Tao chuyen ong hay ban sao phan chieu cua hnh dang ng vien + Detach: tach ng vien e tao hnh dang oc lap + Delete: Xoa ng vien c chon

2. Segment + Break: ngat 1 oan tai iem nhap chuot, sau o co the di di tng au cua oan 1 cach oc lap. + Refine: Chen them 1 nh tao iem nhap chuot, nhng khong thay oi hnh dang cua oan + Detach: tach ri oan c chon

3. Vertex + Connect: Noi 2 au cua 1 ng vien h bang cach nhap 1 nh va keo en nh con lai + Break: tach ng vien tai 1 nh + Refine: them nh tai v tr nhap chuot Page : 43/74

http://tuananh.somee.com + Insert: chen them nh tai v tr nhap chuot va cho phep keo chuot e an nh v tr va hng uon cong. + Make first: nh ro nh au tien first vertex + Weld: han dnh 2 nh thanh 1 + Delete: Xoa 1 nh va 2 oan phoi hp

B. Extrude Phep nay bien hnh c chon thanh 3 chieu da vao gia tr o day Amount. Co 2 pp ket xuat: pacth va Mesh. Chon Mesh cho be mat chuan, Patch neu muon hieu chnh be mat.

1. Lathe Tao oi tng 3 chieu t hnh dang c chon bang cach quay oi tng xung quanh truc xac nh . ieu chnh truc quay da vao nhom tuy chon Align hoac t ieu chnh truc quay bang 1 lenh bien anh nh Move

2. Mesh Select Hieu chnh li, hien hnh dang ng vien khep kn thanh oi tng li 2 chieu, cho phep dien hoa. 3. Thao tac - Chon oi tng 2D - Chon Modify tren ca so Command Penel -> Sau o trong truc Modify list chon lenh Extrude. + Amount: hieu chnh chieu cao cua khoi. + Segment: Hieu chnh so phan oan theo chieu cao cua khoi.(Mac nh thng la 1) + Capping co 2 dau chon: + Cap Start: ong nap au + Cap End: ong nap ay Page : 44/74

http://tuananh.somee.com + Output: Ket xuat + Pacth: Xuat ra dang tam + Mesh: Xuat ra dang ng li

BAI 3. CAC PHEP BIEN OI HNH HOC I. Bend Tao hieu ng uon cong ong dang, co the ieu chnh goc uon cong, hng uon cong, truc uon cong va cac gii han. Gii han gom co khoang cach tren va di tam iem cua vung uon cong.

II. Taper: Tao hieu ng khuon hnh bup mang bang cach thu hep mot au cua oi tng hnh hoc. Sau o nh mc o thu hep va ap dung ng cong.

III. Twist Ap dung hieu ng van xoan trong nh cai m nut chai cho oi tng. oi tng b xoan xung quanh truc a chon va theo goc xoan xac nh.

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IV. Skew Keo nghien oi tng lenh tam trong khi van gi cho cac mat phang song song nhau.

V. Wave Ap dung hieu ng gn song cho oi tng, oi vi nhng oi tng rong phang gom nhieu oan se co nhieu ket qua hn.

VI. Ripple Ap dung hieu ng vong song tren be mat oi tng. Cung nh vi Wave, Ripple cho ket qua rat tot vi nhng oi tng phang, rong, nhieu oan. Cac xac lap giong nh phep bien oi Wave

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http://tuananh.somee.com VII. Noise Bien v tr cac nh cua oi tng doc theo 3 truc.

CHNG 7. GAN VAT LIEU VAT LIEU

BAI 1. CA SO BIEN TAP CHAT LIEU Tren vat the co cac vung chnh sau: - Ambient: vung toi - Diffuse: vung khuyet tan - Specular: vung sang choi. Tai Material Editor, trt bang len, click chuot m thanh cuon maps, khi o co 1 danh sach cac thanh phan chat lieu xuat hien. Click chuot vao cac thanh xam tng ng vi tng thanh phan trong hop thoai cho phep bien tap cac kieu o hoa khac nhau cho thanh phan o.

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BAI 2. CAC KIEU VAT LIEU N GIAN I. Vat lieu co mau hoen o hay sang choi. Diffuse: mau vat lieu Specular: Mau hoen o Khai bao o hoen o rong hep thong qua Specular Highlight II. Vat lieu mau chuyen tiep Diffuse = Gradient Color 1: mau am Color 2: mau va Color 3: mau nhat Color 2 Position = 0.5 (t le mau chuyen tiep). Gradient Type kieu chuyen tiep: + Linear: thang + Radial: tron Noise: tao nhng thay oi ngau nhien c gan cho vat lieu nh hat, mau Page : 48/74

http://tuananh.somee.com + Amount: 0.5 + Size: 0.1 III. Vat lieu co nhng gai loi lom Maps Bump = Noise Tai bang Noise parameters ta thiet lap cac thong so cho: + Regular + Practal + Turbulence IV. Vat lieu co nhng g khac sau Tao tap tin bump t 3D Studio Max Tao 1 oi tng 3D co dang chat lieu can gan, ta nh mau trang cho phan loi len va mau en cho phan chm xuong. Render va lu lai tap tin o vi phan m rong la Tif hoac Tga. An nh mau cho oi tng: Maps Bump la tap tin va tao xong Show map in viewport tai bieu tng tren man hnh. V. Vat lieu co dang o c

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BAI 3. THAO TAC VI CAC ANH MAP Co 2 loai anh map va metarial editor co the x ly o la anh Bitmap va anh thu tuc. 1. Anh Bitmap c lu vi nhieu nh dang nh: Jpeg, gif,tiff, png, rla, tga va nh dang avi nh dang phim hoat hnh. Anh bitmap co the ap dung cho nhieu thuoc tnh cua chat lieu. Tat ca cac mau cua anh bitmap eu c s dung nhng mot vai trng hp khac th ch co 2 mau en hoac trang hoac cac tr bao hoa cua canh bitmap mi c s dung. Moi thuoc tnh khi ap anh bitmap co the liet ke mo ta nh sau: + Ambient : rat t khi c s dung nhng khi c s dung anh bitmap th anh o se xuat hien khi oi tng o nam trong bong toi. Thng th 2 kenh Embient va Deffuse khoa lai vi nhau v vay ap anh bitmap vao Deffuse cung la ap cho Ambient.

Deiffuse: Sac mau chung cua chat lieu, dung 1 anh bitmap cho thanh phan nay se lam cho chat lieu trong giong nh anh bitmap o. Specular: Tao cam giac be mat phan chieu nhe khi no c ap 1 anh bitmap. Gloniness: ieu chnh o bong cua chat lieu thong qua 1 anh bitmap cung la ieu co the lam. Seft Ilumination: ieu chnh cho chat lieu t phat sang, mau en se lam cho chat lieu bnh thng, nhng mau trang se lam cho chat lieu phat sang, cac mau trung gian khac se noi suy tng ng.

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http://tuananh.somee.com Opacity: ieu chnh phan nao cua chat lieu se trong suot phan nao khong. Cac vung mau en th trong suot con mau trang th ngc lai.

Filter color: c dung ket hp vi Opacity ban co the tao ra 1 chat lieu giong nh nha trong nhng co hoa van cho chat lieu. Bump: Cac mau en cua anh bitmap se c khac xuong tren chat lieu, con mau trang th khong, do o se tao nen loi lom xu x cho chat lieu. Reflection: mot anh bitmap c ap se mo phong s phan chieu cua moi trng xung quanh. Refraction: Anh bbitmap se c khuc xa tuy theo hnh dang cua khoi hnh hoc.

Ta co the ieu chnh cng o cho cac thanh phan chat lieu nh hop Amout va pham vi cng o cua Bump se len en 1000 trong khi cac thanh phan khac ch 100. Anh bitmap cung co the c xen trong qua trnh c ap vao cho chat lieu thong qua viec ieu chnh Crop/Placement. Sau khi lay 1 anh bitmap vao lick chon view image, keo cac pham vi gii han tren anh can xen roi ong lai. Tuy theo chon la Crop hay Place c chon ma anh c cat xen hay thu phong. 2. Thao tac Lick vao thanh cuon maps e m thanh cuon nay. Click vao nut none mau xam dai ngay thuoc tnh Deffuse lay vao 1 anh bitmap co san trong th vien, sau o double click vao o chat lieu ta se co 1 ca so vi o chat lieu. O khoa ben hong phai ang khoa deffuse vi embient, chng to anh lay vao c ap len cho ca 2 thuoc tnh nay. Click vao khoa e bo s rang buoc va quan sat s thay oi tren o cau mau. Moi th toi i khi bao s rang buoc nay Click vao o khoa lan na e tra lai nh mac nh. Click va gi chuot t thanh map cua Deffuse tha xuong thanh none/map cua Specular color, lick lenh Swap e hoan oi 2 thanh nay cho nhau, quan sat s thay oi. Page : 51/74

http://tuananh.somee.com Tng t lan lt Swap xuong tng thanh phan con lai va nhan nh s khac biet va coi lai phan mo ta ngan gon.

BAI 4. IEU CHNH CAC ANH MAP VI UVW MAP MODIFIER I. Gii thieu: Cac chat lieu hoa o map phai s dung toa o o hoa e nh v chnh xac anh bitmap tren 1 v tr nao o tren oi tng. Toa o nay goi la UVW Map, dung toa o UVW thay cho toa o XYZ. Noi chung, hai toa o nay cung giong nhau ch co ten goi la khac nhau e phan biet toa o cho map la UVW trong khi cac toa o cho oi tng la XYZ. Tai 1 anh bitmap phang: + U: la chieu ngang tng ng vi X + V: la chieu doc tng ng vi truc Y + W: ch s dung cho cac chat lieu thu tuc. Co 2 cach e tao ra cac toa o nay cho 1 oi tng: Mot la kiem tra tuy chon General Mapping Coordinates khi tao oi tng o.

Hai la ap phep hieu chnh UVW Map Phng phap th nhat c phat sinh theo thu tuc procedure, da tren loai khoi hnh hoc nao ang c tao ra. Phng phap th 2 cho ban nhieu chon la va chu ong hn, ta co the thu phong xoay lat va cac th khac na ma phng phap th nhat cng nhac khong cho phep thc hien. Page : 52/74

http://tuananh.somee.com Thng th phep hieu chnh UVW c ap cho oi tng sau khi a hoan thanh tat ca moi oi tng cua phan thiet ke. Mot bieu tng Gizmo xuat hien khi ep phep hieu chnh nay.

II. Cac loai Mapping Toa o Map. 1. Planar: at anh thao hnh 2D, phang len be mat oi tng. Tuy theo truc nao c kiem nhan tai vung Aligment ma anh se map theo hng tng ng. Loai mapping nay thng dung cho oi tng ch co 1 be mat can c the hien chat lieu ma thoi. 2. Spherical: Gizmo se c thay oi theo dang khoi cau bao lay oi tng va anh se c map nh vay. Mapping nay tot cho cac oi tng co hnh dang tron nh qua bong, hon a no co nhc iem la se e lo ra phan lng pha sau ng rap noi cua 2 mep cua hoa o.

3. Cyclindrical: Bao boc lay oi tng la 1 Gizmo dang khoi tru, va anh th c map theo nh vay. Rat tot trong viec the hien cac nhan hieu len cac chai lo, lon, Noi chung cac oi tng co dang gan vi khoi tru th nen mapping theo kieu nay. Kiem nhan Cap th hoa o se c cat xen va tron vi 2 mat ay tren di cua khoi tru. 4. Box: Thch hp cho cac dang oi tng co hnh dang khoi hop nh hop thuoc, ghe salon, bc tng, tat ca cac mat oi tng se c map cung loai chat lieu. 5. Shrink Wrap: La loai at biet c thiet ke cho cac dang oi tng co hnh dang hu c, khi ma Cyliinrical va Spherical khong ng dung c. No giong nh la viec lay anh map cang ra bao boc lay oi tng va tum lai pha ben tren. Loai Mapping nay tot cho cac hnh ngi, thu vat hoac cac dang phc tap tng t. 6. Face: Page : 53/74

http://tuananh.somee.com Ap tng ban sai o hoa len tng mat mot cua oi tng hien hanh + XYZ to UWV : chuyen oi hai truc toa o nay vi nhau, ch ap dung chung cho cac anh map thu tuc. + Fit: Canh cho anh map va kht vi kch thc khoi hnh hoc hien hanh. + Center: Canh vao trung tam khoi hnh hoc hien hanh. + Bitmap Fit: Khi dung lenh nay chng trnh se yeu cau ban chon lai anh ang map cho khoi hnh hoc hien hanh va canh theo t le phg cua anh goc tren oi tng. + Normal Align: giong vi giap tuyen, neu mapping la loai Planar th trong 1 luc ch the hien hnh 1 truc Z,Y,Z nao o thoi. Khi bat Sub Object vi lenh Normal Align va di chuyen Gizmo khi Gizmo song song vi phap tuyen truc nao th anh c map theo truc o. + View Align: giong vi khung nhn + Region Fit: Khi re chon 1 khu vc nao o tren oi tng th anh se map theo ung trong khu vc re chon o. + Acquire: lay 1 gizmo anh map t 1 oi tng khac a co san toa o hoa o. No lam cho cac t le chat lieu khp vi nhau gia cac oi tng. + Reset: tra lai tnh trang ban au.

BAI 5. CAC HOA O THU TUC Cac hoa o thu tuc phat sinh theo cong thc toan hoc, No co nhieu u iem hn hoa o bitmap. Trc het no s dung t bo nh hn nhieu, trong 1 vai trng hp no lam tang toc o Render. Co the s dung anh thu tuc tai bat ky thuoc tnh nao cua chat lieu, tham ch con cho phep pha tron phoi hp vi cac loai hoa o khac tao nen 1 hieu qua tuyet vi. Cac hoa o thu tuc c liet ke va dien giai s lc nh sau: + Standard: loai chat lieu thng dung nhat + Blend: hoa tron hai chat lieu vi nhau, tuy theo t le % c xac lap + Coposite: hon hp, gan giong vi Blend nhng cho nhieu hn 2 chat lieu tron nhau. + Double Sided: 2 pha, c dung khi tuy chon two sided c bat. Luc nay ca 2 pha cua 1 mat eu c Render.

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BAI 6. LU GI MOT CHAT LIEU MI

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http://tuananh.somee.com CHNG 8. ANH SANG LIGHT VA CAMERA BAI 1. KHAI NIEM CHUNG CHO NGUON SANG VA CAMERA

Mac du danh sach tren ay co ve dai, nhng cac camera va nguon sang van co nhieu tuy chon c ban hn cac oi tng. Thong tin mi ay la ban co the thao tac vi moi tham so khac tren truc thi gian Page : 57/74

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BAI 2.CAC LOAI NGUON SANG

+ Hai la loai t do khong co ch Free Spot. Tuy nhien gia 2 loai nay th hieu qua co c la tng t nhau.

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BAI 3. CAC IEU CHNH VA HIEU NG SANG

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BAI 4. HIEU NG MOI TRNG, SNG MU,MAY, KHOI, LUONG SANG, LA

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Fog

t nh nui la), th thay oi gia tr Phase lai can cao hn Drift.

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BAI 5. CACH AT CAMERA THEO NG DAN.

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BAI 6. CHUYEN ONG THC CUA CAMERA

thay toc o ma ho chuyen ong cang cao.

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con ngi.

II. Quay camera va ong tac quay au (Camera Pans and Head Turn)

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tac quay au.

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BAI 7. HIEU CHNH CAMERA TRONG HOAT CANH.

hien th y nh ban can, nhng s chuyen tiep gia chung lai tr nen tho thien hay qua cng nhac.

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nut Play va kiem nghiem canh trong che o Wireframe.

BAI 8. HOAT HOA IEU CHNH ANH SANG Page : 69/74

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Khi cac nguon sang dch chuyen goc ti cua no en cac be mat cung thay oi. Dch chuyen nguon sang 3D Studio en gan hn se lam cho be mat nhat i va o chieu sang tr nen khong ong eu(gia s nguon sang khong co tnh chat suy)

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ng dung nhan tien nh chieu phim.

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BAI 9. DI CHUYEN NGUON SANG KET NOI

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CHNG 10. KET XUAT TAP TIN BAI 1. XUAT TAP TIN RA MO HNH

BAI 2. XEM TRC KHI XUAT TAP TIN

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