PERANGKAAN SOSIAL TERPILIH SELECTED SOCIAL STATISTCS

SIRI 12/ 2010 SERIES 12/2010

KATA PENGANTAR

Perangkaan Sosial Terpilih merupakan laporan analisis yang membentangkan maklumat bidang sosial terpilih di Malaysia. Laporan ini mula dikeluarkan pada 2003 memaparkan pelbagai isu berkaitan bidang sosial seperti pendidikan, kesihatan, keselamatan awam termasuk isu jenayah, pengangkutan,

telekomunikasi, guna tenaga dan lainlain.

Perangkaan Sosial Terpilih Siri 12/ 2010 ini mengetengahkan analisis berkenaan statistik Penagih Dadah di Malaysia.

PREFACE

The Selected Social Statistics is a report represents the analysis, discussing the information on selected social concerns in Malaysia. This report was first issued in 2003, exhibiting various issues related to social area such as education, health, public safety including crime, transportation, telecommunication, employment and others.

This Selected Social Statistics Series 12/ 2010 represents the statistics on the analysis on Drug Addicts in Malaysia.
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Kandungan Muka surat 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Kata Penghantar Kandungan Pengenalan Bilangan penagih dadah dikesan, Malaysia, 2000-2008 Taburan penagih dadah mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2006-2008 Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 20002008 Taburan penagih dadah mengikut etnik, Malaysia, 20002008 Taburan peratus penagih dadah mengikut etnik, Malaysia, 20002008 9. Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2000, 2007-2008 10. Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut jenis pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2000-2008 11. Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut sebab menggunakan dadah, Malaysia, 20002008 12. Ringkasan 13. Jadual A dan Jadual B 17 19 8 7 6 i ii 1 2 3 4 5 5

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Contents Page 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Preface Contents Introduction Number of drug addicts detected, Malaysia, 20002008 The distribution of drug addicts by state, Malaysia, 20062008 Number of drug addicts by sex, Malaysia, 20002008 The distribution of drug addicts by race, Malaysia, 20002008 Percentage distribution of drug addicts by race, Malaysia, 20002008 9. Number of drug addicts by age group, Malaysia, 2000, 2007-2008 14 15 i iii 9 10 11 12 13 13

10. Number of drug addicts by type of occupation, Malaysia, 20002008 11. Number of drug addicts by reason using drugs, Malaysia, 20002008 12. Summary 13. Table A and Table B

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18 19

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PENGENALAN

Penyalahgunaan dadah merupakan masalah sosial paling rumit yang sedang dihadapi oleh negara. Penglibatan masyarakat dengan dadah tidak mengenal usia dan ia melibatkan semua golongan sama ada miskin, kaya, profesional, buruh, kakitangan awam atau pelajar.

Laporan pada kali ini memaparkan profil penagih dadah di Malaysia sepanjang tempoh 2000 hingga 2008. Carta dan jadual yang dipaparkan berdasarkan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan (AADK). Maklumat ini digunakan sebagai input untuk menganalisis trend penagih dadah daripada aspek umur, jantina dan jenis pekerjaan sepanjang tempoh tersebut.

Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia ingin merakamkan setinggitinggi penghargaan kepada AADK kerana membekalkan data yang diperlukan dalam penyediaan laporan ini.

Carta 1: Bilangan penagih dadah dikesan, Malaysia, 20002008

45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000
14,850 15,743 15,831 15,725 17,080 16,802 18,862 15,389 10,381 6,679 22,811 20,194 19,810 17,419 14,489 12,430 7,810 12,352 6,413 5,939 30,593 31,556 31,893 36,996 38,672 32,808

10,000
5,000 0

14,813

Berulang

Baru

Jumlah

Berdasarkan statistik dari Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan (AADK), didapati sejumlah 126,153 penagih baru ditemui sepanjang tempoh 20002008, secara purata melibatkan 14,017 penagih baru setiap tahun. Bagi tempoh 20012004, bilangan penagih dadah baru dikesan melebihi bilangan penagih berulang, namun pada tahun berikutnya sehingga 2008 bilangan penagih berulang menyumbang lebih daripada 50 peratus jumlah penagih dadah di Malaysia. Penurunan penagih dadah baru tertinggi dicatat pada 2006 begitu juga dengan penagih berulang dengan peratusan masingmasing sebanyak 32.5 dan 28.6 peratus. Pada 2008, seramai 12,352 penagih dadah telah dikesan, penurunan sebanyak 14.7 berbanding tahun sebelumnya (14,489 penagih). Daripada jumlah ini didapati 5,939 adalah penagih baru manakala 6,413 adalah penagih berulang.

Carta 2: Taburan penagih dadah mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 20062008

6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000

2006

2007

2008

2,000
1,000 0

Carta 2 menunjukkan taburan penagih dadah yang dikesan mengikut negeri di Malaysia. Kebanyakan semua negeri menunjukkan penurunan berterusan bilangan penagih dadah sepanjang tempoh 2006 dan 2008 kecuali Kedah, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Perlis, Terengganu dan W.P. Kuala Lumpur. Bagi tempoh 20072008, didapati enam negeri menunjukkan peningkatan bilangan penagih iaitu Perak (404), Terengganu (363), Kedah (145), W.P. Kuala Lumpur (72), Melaka (54) dan Perlis (54). Sebaliknya Pulau Pinang mencatat penurunan secara drastik iaitu sebanyak 1,811 penagih (52.8 peratus). Pada 2008, negeri yang mencatatkan bilangan penagih melebihi 1,000 ialah W.P. Kuala Lumpur (1,828), Kedah (1,749), Pulau Pinang (1,622), Perak (1,598), Johor (1,512) dan Selangor ( 1,176).
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Carta 3: Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 20002008

36,996

38,672 32,808 32,141 22,811 22,348 14,489 12,352

40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2000

30,593

31,556

31,893 37,980 36,417

30,084

31,024

31,492

14,141
12,076 509 532 401 579 692 667 463 348 276

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 Perempuan Jumlah

Lelaki

Didapati sepanjang tempoh 2000 hingga 2008, jumlah penagih dadah lelaki adalah melebihi 97 peratus daripada jumlah penagih dadah di Malaysia. Dianggarkan purata nisbah penagih dadah perempuan kepada penagih dadah lelaki ialah 1:55. Penurunan drastik penagih dadah lelaki sejak 2005 secara tidak langsung telah menyumbang kepada penurunan drastik jumlah penagih dadah di Malaysia. Trend yang sama juga berlaku kepada penagih dadah wanita di mana bilangan penagih mula menurun pada 2005 sebanyak 15.2 peratus berbanding tahun sebelumnya. Daripada 12,352 penagih yang dikesan pada 2008, seramai 12,076 adalah penagih dadah lelaki iaitu 0.13 peratus daripada jumlah penduduk lelaki dalam kumpulan umur 1564 tahun (8,961,754 orang). Bilangan penagih perempuan pula mencatat sebanyak 276 penagih pada tahun yang sama, penurunan sebanyak 20.7 peratus berbanding tahun sebelumnya (348 penagih).
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Carta 4: Taburan penagih dadah mengikut etnik, Malaysia, 20002008

Etnik lain termasuk warga asing Pribumi Sarawak Pribumi Sabah India Cina Melayu

40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000

5,000
0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Berdasarkan pecahan mengikut etnik, Melayu mencatatkan bilangan penagih dadah paling ramai diikuti Cina dan India dengan purata masingmasing sebanyak 69.3, 14.9 dan 10.1 peratus sepanjang tempoh 20002008.

Jadual 1: Taburan peratus penagih dadah mengikut etnik, Malaysia, 20002008

Etnik Melayu Cina India Bumiputera Sabah Bumiputera Sarawak Bangsa lain termasuk warga asing

2000 65.9 17.9 10.9 3.9 0.4 1.1

2001 67.7 16.0 10.1 4.4 0.2 1.5

2002 69.5 14.9 10.2 4.2 0.3 1.0

2003 68.6 14.8 10.1 4.3 0.4 1.8

2004 64.6 13.6 9.1 9.0 0.4 3.2

2005 68.1 15.6 9.8 3.7 0.4 2.3

2006 69.5 15.9 10.6 2.4 0.4 1.2

2007 72.6 13.6 11.4 1.6 0.2 0.6

2008 77.4 11.6 8.8 1.2 0.1 0.8

 Walaupun bilangan penagih dadah bagi semua etnik menunjukkan penurunan mulai 2005, namun taburan peratus penagih Melayu masih menunjukkan peningkatan sehingga 2008 manakala Cina dan india masingmasing meningkat sehingga 2006 dan 2007. Peningkatan ini ekoran dari penurunan signifikan penagih daripada kalangan Peribumi Sabah dan Sarawak pada tempoh tersebut. Carta 5: Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2000, 20072008
2008 Tiada Maklumat > 60 55-60 2007 2000

45-54
35-44 25-34 18-24 13-17 < 13 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

Sepanjang tempoh 20002008, bilangan penagih dadah paling tinggi dikesan berada dalam kumpulan umur 2534, diikuti 3544 dan 1824 tahun. Jika pada tahun 2000, bilangan penagih dadah di bawah kumpulan umur 13 tahun ialah seramai 13 orang, namun mulai 2004, tiada penagih dadah yang dikesan berada dalam kumpulan umur ini. Pengesanan di kalangan penagih dadah berumur 55 tahun dan ke atas meningkat sepanjang tempoh 20002005 namun mulai menurun pada 2006.

Jadual 2: Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut jenis pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2000-2008

Pekerjaan Bekerja Buruh Am Jualan Perkhidmatan Binaan Pertanian & Perikanan Pengangkutan Teknikal Pengeluaran & Kilang Pengurusan Perkeranian Hiburan Tidak Bekerja Penganggur Penuntut Tiada maklumat JUMLAH

2000 4,678 2,801 2,700 1,765 1,729 1,585 1,045 1,409 205 91 48 2,754 282 9,501 30,593

2001 5,225 3,303 2,218 2,268 1,506 1,703 1,439 1,506 184 144 92 3,546 418 8,004 31,556

2002 9,567 2,994 2,011 1,652 1,442 1,376 1,337 1,299 190 111 36 3,593 467 5,818 31,893

2003 11,388 3,739 2,448 2,115 1,283 1,608 1,508 1,208 217 115 62 4,105 467 6,733 36,996

2004 10,907 3,402 2,870 1,757 1,373 1,886 1,638 1,149 160 111 48 3,368 374 9,629 38,672

2005 6,312 3,539 3,538 3,288 1,851 1,956 1,878 1,368 346 95 119 2,451 269 5,798 32,808

2006 3,578 2,308 2,369 3,034 1,536 1,286 1,277 934 200 55 41 1,534 172 4,487 22,811

2007 2,509 1,808 1,940 1,367 1,331 934 883 606 99 27 44 874 126 1,941 14,489

2008 2,070 1,808 1,423 1,283 1,231 775 676 375 98 49 25 932 103 1,504 12,352

Majoriti penagih dadah yang dikesan mempunyai pekerjaan. Bilangan penagih dadah dari sektor buruh am merupakan golongan terbesar dikesan sepanjang tempoh 2000 hingga 2008. Selain sektor buruh, empat sektor lain yang mencatat bilangan penagih dadah melebihi 1,000 sehingga 2008 ialah jualan, perkhidmatan, binaan dan pertanian/ perikanan. Mulai 2005, didapati bilangan penagih dadah dari semua sektor dikesan menurun kecuali perkeranian di mana peningkatan berlaku pada 2008 sebanyak 81.5 peratus. Selain itu, penagih daripada kalangan penganggur juga meningkat sebanyak 6.6 peratus pada 2008.

 Walaupun golongan pelajar hanya menyumbang sedikit kepada jumlah penagih dadah, namun mereka merupakan golongan utama yang akan menentukan penurunan atau peningkatan bilangan penagih di semua sektor pekerjaan di masa hadapan. Jadual 3 : Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut sebab menggunakan dadah, Malaysia, 20002008
Sebab Pengaruh kawan Untuk keseronokan Perasaan ingin tahu Tekanan jiwa Rangsangan Tahan sakit Secara tidak sengaja Lainlain Tiada maklumat Jumlah 2000 8,762 4,092 4,334 724 29 124 13 71 12,444 30,593 2001 9,937 3,860 5,614 720 34 199 14 205 10,973 31,556 2002 10,694 3,976 5,491 1,160 69 134 20 38 10,311 31,893 2003 12,314 4,315 6,303 1,118 111 246 15 21 12,553 36,996 2004 13,545 3,678 6,514 1,066 82 140 6 21 13,620 38,672 2005 13,776 3,021 7,239 934 164 220 49 9 7,396 32,808 2006 10,418 1,575 4,477 731 122 73 16 15 5,384 22,811 2007 7,094 2,069 2,374 708 180 93 74 156 1,741 14,489 2008 6,448 2,464 1,721 703 125 76 40 147 628 12,352

Berdasarkan penemuan daripada AADK, faktor utama menjurus kepada penggunaan dadah adalah disebabkan pengaruh kawan, untuk keseronokan dan perasaan ingin tahu. Daripada jumlah tertinggi bilangan penagih dadah iaitu pada 2004, seramai 13,545 penagih (35 peratus) menggunakan dadah kerana pengaruh kawan, 6,514 (16.8 peratus) kerana perasaan ingin tahu, 3,678 (9.5 peratus) untuk keseronokan dan 1,066 (2.8 peratus) kerana tekanan jiwa. Pada 2008, 19.9 peratus penagih dadah menggunakan dadah untuk keseronokan berbanding 14.3 peratus tahun sebelumnya, peningkatan sebanyak 5.6 peratus. Walaupun penggunaan dadah disebabkan pengaruh kawan menurun pada 2008 namun taburan peratusannya meningkat sebanyak 3.2 peratus.
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SELECTED SOCIAL STATISTCS

SERIES 12/2010

INTRODUCTION

Drug abuse has been the most complex social problem faced by the country. The community involvement with drugs was not bounded by age and involved all groups either poor, rich, professionals, labourers, public servants or students.

This report presents the drug addicts profile over the period of 2000 to 2008 in Malaysia. The charts and tables shown were based on the secondary data obtained from The National Anti Drug Agency (NADA). This information was used as inputs in analysing the trend of drug addicts with respect to age, sex and types of occupation over the mentioned period of time.

The Department of Statistics wishes to express gratitude to NADA for supplying the required data for the preparation of this report.

Chart 1: Number of drug addicts detected, Malaysia, 20002008

45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000
30,593 31,556 31,893 36,996 38,672 32,808

25,000
20,000 15,000
14,850 15,725 15,743 15,831 17,080

22,811 20,194 19,810 17,419 18,862 14,813 16,802 15,389 10,381 6,679 14,489 12,430 7,810 12,352 6,413

10,000 5,000 0

5,939

Repeat

New

Total

Based on statistics reported by the National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA), the total of 126,153 new addicts were traced throughout the period of 20002008, on average involved 14,017 addicts each year. For the period of 20012004, the number of new drug addicts detected exceeded the number of repeat offenders, however in subsequent years until 2008 it had contributed to more than 50 per cent of drug addicts in Malaysia. A drastic drop was recorded for new drug addicts in 2006, similarly with repeat offenders with respective percentages of 32.5 and 28.6 per cent. In 2008, about 12,352 of drug addicts were detected, 14.7 per cent decrease compared to the preceding year (14,489 addicts). Of this number, it was found that 5,939 were new addicts while 6,413 were repeat offenders.

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Chart 2: The distribution of drug addicts by state, Malaysia, 20062008

6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000

2006

2007

2008

2,000
1,000 0

Chart 2 shows the distribution of drug addicts detected by state in Malaysia. Most of the states show continuous decreases in the number of drug addicts throughout the period of 2006 and 2008 except in Kedah, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Perlis, Terengganu and W.P. Kuala Lumpur. For the period of 20072008, six states showed an increase in the number of addicts namely Perak (404), Terengganu (363), Kedah (145), W.P. Kuala Lumpur (72), Melaka (54) and Perlis (54). In contrast, Pulau Pinang responded a drastic decrease to 1,811 addicts (52.8 per cent). In 2008, the states that recorded the number of addicts more than 1,000 were W.P. Kuala Lumpur (1,828), Kedah (1,749), Pulau Pinang (1,622), Perak (1,598), Johor (1,512) and Selangor (1,176).

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Chart 3: Number of drug addicts by sex, Malaysia, 20002008

36,996

38,672 32,808 32,141 22,811 22,348 14,489 12,352 14,141 12,076

40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2000

30,593

31,556

31,893 37,980 36,417

31,492 30,084 31,024

509

532

401

579

692

667

463

348

276

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007 Male

2008 Female Total

Of the total of drug addicts in Malaysia between 2000 to 2008, it was found that the number of male drug addicts exceeded 97 per cent, with an estimated average ratio of 1:55 of female drug addicts to male. Since 2005, a significant drop in the number of male drug addicts eventually contributed to the drastic decrease of total drug addict in Malaysia. The similar trend as well observed in female drug addicts, which set off to fell in 2005 with 15.2 per cent decrease as against the preceding years. Out of 12,352 addicts detected in 2008, 12,076 were males who represented 0.13 per cent of the male population in age group of 1564 years (8,961,754 people). Meanwhile females recorded 276 addicts over the same year, 20.7 per cent decrease compared to previous years (348 addicts).
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Chart 4: The distribution of drug addicts by race, Malaysia, 20002008

Other ethnic includes foreigner Natives of Sarawak Natives of Sabah Indians Chinese Malay

40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2006

2007

2008

Based on the breakdown by ethnics, Malays has recorded the highest number of drug addicts, followed by Chinese and Indians with the respective average proportion stood at 69.3, 14.9 and 10.1 per cent over the period of 20002008. Table 1: Percentage distribution of drug addicts by ethnic, Malaysia, 20002008
Ethnic Malays Chinese Indians Natives of Sabah Natives of Sarawak Other ethnic includes foreigner 2000 65.9 17.9 10.9 3.9 0.4 1.1 2001 67.7 16.0 10.1 4.4 0.2 1.5 2002 69.5 14.9 10.2 4.2 0.3 1.0 2003 68.6 14.8 10.1 4.3 0.4 1.8 2004 64.6 13.6 9.1 9.0 0.4 3.2 2005 68.1 15.6 9.8 3.7 0.4 2.3 2006 69.5 15.9 10.6 2.4 0.4 1.2 2007 72.6 13.6 11.4 1.6 0.2 0.6 2008 77.4 11.6 8.8 1.2 0.1 0.8

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 Even though the number of drug addicts for all ethnic has declined as of 2005, the percentage distribution of Malay drug addicts however kept increasing until 2008, while Chinese and Indians remained increasing until 2006 and 2007 respectively. This was due to the significant decline of drug addicts among the natives of Sabah and Sarawak over that period. Chart 5: Number of drug addicts by age group, Malaysia, 2000, 20072008
2008 2007 2000

No information > 60 55-60 45-54

35-44
25-34 18-24 13-17 < 13
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000

The highest number of drug addicts detected over the period of 20002008 stood within the age group of 2534, followed by 3544, and 1824 years. If in 2000, the number of drug addicts in the age group of 13 years and below was 13, however at the beginning of 2004, there were no drug addicts detected among this age group. The number of addicts with age 55 and above increased over 20002005 but however decreased in 2006.

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Table 2: Number of drug addicts by type of occupation, Malaysia, 20002008

Types of Occupation Employed General Labourers Sales Services Construction Agriculture/Fishery Transportation Technical Production/ Manufacturing Management Clerical Entertainment Not working: Unemployed Students No information TOTAL

2000 4,678 2,801 2,700 1,765 1,729 1,585 1,045 1,409 205 91 48

2001 5,225 3,303 2,218 2,268 1,506 1,703 1,439 1,506 184 144 92

2002

2003

2004

2005 6,312 3,539 3,538 3,288 1,851 1,956 1,878 1,368 346 95 119

2006 3,578 2,308 2,369 3,034 1,536 1,286 1,277 934 200 55 41

2007 2,509 1,808 1,940 1,367 1,331 934 883 606 99 27 44

2008 2,070 1,808 1,423 1,283 1,231 775 676 375 98 49 25

9,567 11,388 10,907 2,994 3,739 3,402 2,011 2,448 2,870 1,652 2,115 1,757 1,442 1,283 1,373 1,376 1,608 1,886 1,337 1,508 1,638 1,299 190 111 36 1,208 217 115 62 1,149 160 111 48

2,754 3,546 3,593 4,105 3,368 2,451 1,534 874 932 282 418 467 467 374 269 172 126 103 9,501 8,004 5,818 6,733 9,629 5,798 4,487 1,941 1,504 30,593 31,556 31,893 36,996 38,672 32,808 22,811 14,489 12,352

The majority of the drug addicts detected were employed. The substantial group of drug addicts was detected in public labour over 2000 to 2008. Besides public labour, there were four other sectors recorded more than 1,000 addicts until 2008 i.e. sales, services, construction and agriculture/ fishery. As of 2005, the number of drug addicts from all sectors has declined except for the clerical that increased in 2008 with 81.5 per cent. Besides, addicts among those who were unemployed as well increased about 6.6 per cent in 2008. Though students contributed little to the total number of drug addicts, nevertheless they were the main group of people who will determine the increase or decrease in the number of drug addicts in all employment sectors in the future.

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Table 3: Number of drug addicts by reason using drugs, Malaysia, 20002008

Reason Friends influence Having fun Curiosity Mental depression Stimulation Painkiller Accidently Others No information Total 2000 8,762 4,092 4,334 724 29 124 13 71 12,444 30,593 2001 9,937 3,860 5,614 720 34 199 14 205 10,973 31,556 2002 10,694 3,976 5,491 1,160 69 134 20 38 10,311 31,893 2003 12,314 4,315 6,303 1,118 111 246 15 21 12,553 36,996 2004 13,545 3,678 6,514 1,066 82 140 6 21 13,620 38,672 2005 13,776 3,021 7,239 934 164 220 49 9 7,396 32,808 2006 10,418 1,575 4,477 731 122 73 16 15 5,384 22,811 2007 7,094 2,069 2,374 708 180 93 74 156 1,741 14,489 2008 6,448 2,464 1,721 703 125 76 40 147 628 12,352

Based on the findings from AADK, the main factors that led to drug addiction were friends influence, having fun and curiosity. Out of the highest number of drug addicts which is in 2004, 13,545 of addicts (35 per cent) used drugs because of friends influence, 6,514 (16.8 per cent) curiosity, 3,678 (9.5 per cent) for having fun and 1,066 (2.8 per cent) mental depression. In 2008, 19.9 per cent of drug addicts used drug for fun compared to the previous year at 14.3 per cent, an increase of about 5.6 per cent. Despite a decline in drug uses due to influence of friends in 2008 the percentage distribution however increased by about 3.2 per cent.

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RINGKASAN SUMMARY

Analisis yang dipaparkan di atas menunjukkan:

Bilangan penagih dadah secara keseluruhannya telah menunjukkan perubahan yang baik sejak 2004. Penemuan penagih baru sehingga akhir 2008 didapati telah menurun kepada 5.9 ribu berbanding 14.9 ribu penduduk pada 2000. Negeri yang pesat membangun seperti W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Johor, Selangor dan Pulau Pinang secara keseluruhanya menunjukkan bilangan penagih lebih tinggi berbanding negeri lain. Cabaran hidup di bandar dari faktor ekonomi dan sosial dilihat menjadi penyumbang utama kepada penyalahgunaan dadah selain kemudahan mendapat bekalan dadah dengan mudah. Walaupun bilangan penagih dadah bagi kesemua etnik semakin menurun sejak 2004, namun taburan peratusan penagih dadah berbangsa Melayu didapati semakin meningkat hampir kepada 78 peratus pada 2008, manakala Cina dan India masing-masing hanya 12 dan 9 peratus. Golongan belia (15-40 tahun) merupakan golongan yang paling tinggi menjadi penagih dadah. Sepanjang tempoh 2000-2008 didapati purata taburan peratus penagih dadah adalah sebanyak 85 peratus. Keadaan ini sangat membimbangkan kerana ia akan memberi kesan yang besar kepada pembangunan negara jika ia berterusan pada paras tersebut. Ini kerana kebanyakan penagih yang dikesan mempunyai pekerjaan dan peratusan penganggur yang menjadi penagih hanya kecil (2008:7.5 peratus). Pengaruh kawan dan keseronokan merupakan faktor utama berlakunya penagihan dadah. Di sini tanggungjawab ibu bapa amat penting bagi menyekat pergaulan bebas anak-anak terutama bagi golongan yang masih bersekolah.

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The analysis presented above shows that:

The number of drug addicts generally has shown an improvement since 2004 where the number of new addicts by end of 2008 discovered had declined to 5.9 thousand compared with 14.9 thousand people in 2000. The developed states such as W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Johor, Selangor dan Pulau Pinang showed a higher number of drug addicts as compared with other states. Besides the availability of getting drugs easily, the challenges of living in urban areas from social and economic aspects were the key factors contributing to drug misuse. Despite the number of drug addicts among all ethnic declined since 2004, the percentage distribution of Malay drug addicts however increased approaching 78 per cent in 2008 whilst the Chinese and Indians with 12 and 9 per cent respectively. The majority of drug addicts were youth (15-40 years) with an average percentage distribution of 85 per cent over the period of 2000-2008. This situation was nerve-racking as it had a major impact on the countrys development. This was because most of the addicts did have work and the percentage of unemployed who became addicts was only small (2008:7.5 per cent). Friends influence and having fun are the main reasons of drug misuse. At this point, the responsibility of parents is vital to monitor the childrens promiscuity especially those who are still schooling.

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Jadual A : Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut etnik, Malaysia, 20002008 Table A : Number of drug addicts by ethnic, Malaysia, 20002008
Melayu Malays Cina Chinese India Indians Pribumi Sabah Native of Sabah 1,198 1,402 1,330 1,581 3,496 1,222 539 236 150 Pribumi Sarawak Native of Sarawak 123 67 103 149 147 122 99 29 17 Bangsa lain termasuk warga asing Other race includes foreigner 332 482 305 654 1,249 761 265 83 95

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

20,147 21,373 22,160 25,393 24,988 22,344 15,849 10,522 9,562

5,462 5,055 4,737 5,469 5,255 5,131 3,632 1,966 1,438

3,331 3,177 3,258 3,750 3,537 3,228 2,427 1,653 1,090

Jadual B : Bilangan penagih dadah mengikut kumpulun umur, Malaysia, 20002008 Table B : Number of drug addicts by age group, Malaysia, 20002008
Kumpulan umur/ Age Group < 13 1317 1824 2534 3544 4554 5560 > 60 Tiada maklumat No information 2000 13 617 7,256 12,040 7,627 2,052 142 39 807 2001 4 692 7,550 2002 1 689 7,385 2003 1 694 8,177 13,841 9,170 3,423 296 69 1,325 2004 0 660 8,145 15,087 9,435 3,798 312 84 1,151 2005 0 401 6,054 12,540 8,509 3,947 460 81 816 2006 0 313 4,394 8,532 5,894 2,710 351 82 535 2007 0 167 2,815 5,420 3,711 1,914 277 66 119 2008 0 115 2,205 4,730 3,242 1,659 285 64 52

12,338 12,353 7,648 2,296 169 33 826 7,584 2,499 197 61 1,124

Punca: Agensi Anti Dadah Kebangsaan Source: National Anti-Drug Agency

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