2.

1 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

1. 2. 3.

The living component of a cell is called protoplasm. Protoplasm contain cytoplasm and nucleus. The nucleus content is known as the nucleoplasm. Cytoplasm contains tiny structures called organelle. Organelles are cellular component. Perform specific function. Enclosed by their own membrane.

1.

Plasma membrane Semi-permeable Separates the contents of a cell from its external environment. Regular the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Allows the exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and waste product between the cell and its environment.

Cytoplasm Consists of a jelly like medium in which the organelles are suspended. Contains organic and inorganic substances. Acts as a medium where biochemical reactions and most living processes occur within the cell. Provides the substances obtained from the external environment to the organelles.
1.

Cell wall Permeable Maintain the shape of plant cell. Provides mechanical strength and support to plant cells. Protect the cell from bursting due to the movement of excess water into the plant cells.
1.

1.

Vacuoles/vesicles Fluid-filled sacs (enclose by a semi-permeable membrane) called a tonoplast. The fluid is called cell sap. Stores chemical such as organic acid, sugars, amino acids, mineral salts, oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste materials, pigments and metabolic by-products. The vacuole contributes to plant elongation by absorbing water and causing cells to expand.

1.

Nucleus (plural, nuclei) The largest organelle in the cell. Consists of 3 main components: Nuclear envelope separates the content of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Chromatin- carries genetic material in the form of DNA. Nucleolus- darker and dense region. Controls all cellular activities. Contains DNA which determine the characteristic of a cell and its metabolic function.