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CI001001R100 Ver 1 Indoor Dist Substation Design STD
CI001001R100 Ver 1 Indoor Dist Substation Design STD
VERSION 1
CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Page 1 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Page 2 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
2.1.
Reticulation Costs
Extra costs may apply if the substation is located away from the property boundary due to the extra lengths of cable required to be installed by Ergon. The cost of consumers mains and sub-mains should also be considered. The customers main switchboard should be located adjacent to the substation to keep costs down.
2.2.
Personnel Access
Ergon personnel require unhindered access to the substation and associated mains at all times. Substations must be provided with direct street access or be accessible using permanent all weather routes. Access points must be located where they will not be obstructed by vehicles, equipment, site usage or any other impediments.
2.3.
Equipment Access
The transformer is the largest and heaviest item in the substation. It requires double door access directly at ground level from the street so that it can be placed outside the substation by crane, slid and winched into final position inside the substation. Pulling eyes are required for the winch. A transformer handling area must be allowed for adjacent to the substation. The grade of the handling area should not exceed 1:20. A 6.2m turning circle is required for the mobile crane to navigate around corners. A carriageway easement of 5500mm (h) X 3500mm (w) is required for the installation or removal of the transformer from the street to the substation location. The width should be increased on bends. The easement must have a maximum slope of 1:12. Note the foregoing requirements must be assessed for each installation and changes may be required based on substation location and other issues. The combined weight of the transformer and crane is 31 tonnes.
Page 3 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
2.4.
An easement clear of all constructions may be required for the installation and the future maintenance of Ergons mains cables associated with the substation. The width is required to be 2 m for cables and the required width for construction of cable pits.
2.5.
The substation must be constructed on a stable foundation which bears on soil or another part of the building. Where the foundation bears on soil, the soil must be clear of any obstruction or rubble which could interfere with the installation of the earthing electrode system through the substation floor. Earthing system electrodes may extend ten metres or more into the ground below the substation. If the substation is constructed on a suspended floor slab, the earthing system is to be installed at the lowest level of building excavation directly below the substation footprint.
2.6.
Services such as drains, sewers, piping or wiring are not permitted to pass through the substation, the ground below it, access passageways, ventilation ducts or the substation walls, floors or ceilings. The substation enclosure must be free of encroachments into the floor and trench areas. Columns, beams and walls may occupy certain areas provided they do not conflict with locations for any equipment and their associated clearance requirements. Extra space may be required for the substation in order to cater for the encroachment.
2.7.
Area Drainage
The area in which the substation is to be located shall be free of the risk of flooding and storm water damage and any drains provided must be kept in working order by the owner. Level actuated sump pumps may be required to be fitted by the owner if drainage is not adequate.
Page 4 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Ergons substation equipment and access route must not be within an area which is classified as a Hazardous Area as specified in the S.A.A. Wiring Rules.
2.9.
The Electricity Supply Association of Australia Limited (ESAA) recommends that its members act prudently in relation to EMFs when they design and operate their systems. In practical terms, prudent avoidance means designing the substation using standard equipment to minimise their capacity to produce EMFs and avoid siting them adjacent to areas which contain people or electronic equipment. Ergons standard substation design focuses the sources of Electromagnetic Fields towards the middle of the substation. Size and shape are critical factors in limiting EMFs. The owner can assist to observe the principles of prudent avoidance by providing a substation enclosure of sufficient size and appropriate shape to allow construction to Ergons standard indoor substation. The owner can also assist by allocating a space within the building that is clear from electronic equipment for a distance of ten metres in any direction from the substation. The owner should also ensure that consumers mains cabling and other associated plant are not sited adjacent to people or electronic equipment. If EMF shielding is required the owner shall obtain a report from an approved EMF consultant to determine the extent of the shielding or if any is required. Installation of the shielding shall be subject to Ergons acceptance.
2.10.
Noise
The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), local councils and other authorities have the power to ensure that noise originating from any premises is not the cause for complaint. Transformers emit a constant low-pitched hum. Special precautions in siting the substation may be necessary, particularly in locating ventilation panels and fans, to limit noise emission if existing or prospective residential development is within the vicinity.
2.11.
Ventilation
Substations require ventilation in order to dissipate heat losses from the electrical equipment. Natural airflow directly to the outside of the building is preferred. This generally incorporates louvered, weather and vermin proof ventilators in the walls and doors. Position of ventilators shall be such as to provide cross ventilation across the transformer. Allow for 1 sq m of Inlet Area and 1 sq m of Outlet Area per 1000 kVA. Some substations may require forced air cooling controlled by a thermostat. The cooling system is such that cool air is drawn through the circulation fan and blown over the transformer. Exhaust air must be ducted independently and directly to outside air. The fans shall be started when the temperature in the room reaches 35 degrees Celsius and may be stopped when the temperature falls below 30 degrees Celsius. This cooling system is the responsibility of the owner. Mechanical ventilation drawings must be submitted to Ergon for approval.
Page 5 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
The doors for the substation must be protected from damage by vehicles. The protection may be in the form of bollards, which can be removable. Alternatively, equivalent protection such as a 230mm high kerb with 1500mm clearance to the substation will also be considered.
2.13.
Substation locations which restrict future development of the site should be avoided. Relocation of the substation would be extremely costly to the owner. Future development of the site must not encroach onto the agreed access way to the substation.
Page 6 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
3.2.
Floors
The substation floor, including trenches, conduits, etc. is to be formed in accordance with the positions and details shown on Ergons drawings and specifications. The floor is to be designed by a practicing structural engineer and be capable of carrying the loads of the substation equipment. The floor must carry a transformer load of 7300 kg on 4 points anywhere in its area. The floor must have a level steel trowelled finish. If the substation floor is laid on natural or filled ground an appropriate waterproofing membrane is to be placed between the underside of the substation floor and the ground. Provision is to be incorporated in the floor slab for any floor hauling eyes/anchors. A transformer landing area is to be provided in all cases. The transformer loading area is to be constructed of reinforced concrete and must have the same load bearing characteristics as the substation floor. The minimum size of the landing area must be 2400 mm wide by 2450 mm length and will be located immediately in front of the transformer access door/s. The landing area must have a slight slope such that water flows away from the doors and it must be at the same relative level as the substation floor to allow equipment to be rolled into the substation directly from the landing area.
3.3.
Waterproofing
The substation shall be constructed using reliable waterproof materials, waterproof construction methods and site drainage to protect the substation equipment against exposure to dampness and water throughout its life. The site shall be effectively drained to keep the area outside the substation freely drained and dry. Stormwater drainage systems shall be designed and provided to industry best-practice standards. Site drainage shall be kept in working order by the owner. The siting of the substation with its floor level below the level of the building storm water system shall not be permissible.
Page 7 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
3.4.
Ventilation
Substations require special attention to ventilation in order to dissipate heat losses from electrical equipment. Wherever possible, natural air flow to the outside of the building will be used. Forced ventilation should be used where natural ventilation is not practicable. Forced ventilation by means of fan(s) must be designed, supplied and installed by the owner to Ergons requirements. The ventilation must be sufficient to maintain a maximum room temperature of 35 degrees Celsius when all transformers are operating at nameplate rating. Air inlets and outlets must be arranged to achieve an even distribution of air flow over the transformers. Substantial vertical separation is required between inlet and outlet openings. Inlet and outlet openings should preferably be clear of pedestrian areas and must be located to prevent entry of noxious gases such as vehicle exhausts, pollutants such as smoke, soot, dust, ash etc. Air being removed from an internal substation must be directly and independently ducted to outside air.
Page 8 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
3.5.
Fire
Ergon substations are designed to contain any products of a fire within the enclosure. Self containment has the added advantage of also being self smothering and this ensures that there is no spread of fire to other parts of the building. All construction materials used in the substation room including walls, ceilings and floors, doors and vents must be constructed from noncombustible materials. Any wall, ceiling or floor shared with or adjoining another part of the building must be treated as a fire wall as defined in the Building Code of Australia and must have a minimum fire rating of two hours, effectively segregating the substation from the rest of the building. It is essential that these ratings be maintained for any penetration of the wall for cables or other services. The sealing of the penetration must be done strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Ergon does not have a requirement to fit fire detection or alarm systems within the substation. The owner is advised that where the installation of fire detection or alarm systems is required, consideration must be given to the need for continued access for inspection and maintenance of the system. Depending on the location of the fire detection / alarm system it may be necessary to have a shutdown of the substation for maintenance or inspection. Such needs shall incur an ongoing charge for providing access to the substation and any shutdown required.
3.6.
Oil Containment
Provision must be made within the substation to contain any oil spillage (in the unlikely event of a transformer tank failure) and slope to a common point. Spillage from transformers needs to be contained within the substation and be 110% of oil volume as per the AS1940 and EPA Bunding Guidelines. This is usually achieved by draining any oil spillage into the trench. In order to prevent any flow out through the conduits and into the surrounding stormwater system the lower edge of the conduits shall be a minimum of 100 mm above the trench floor. This is the minimum requirement. In some regions, due to local regulations, precautions such as an oil trap may be required.
3.7.
Hauling Eyes
Where required, anchors and/or pulling eyes (provided by the owner) are to be installed in the floor, walls or ceiling in the position shown on the layout drawings and in a manner to achieve the working load specified. Normally for a single cable- trench, single transformer substation two pulling eyes will be required - one for the cables and one for the transformer. However further pulling eyes may be required for more complex substations with multiple cable trenches or multiple transformers, or where access to install cables or transformers is restricted. All anchors and pulling eyes shall be clearly and permanently stamped to indicate its safe working load. Pulling eyes located in floors
Page 9 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
3.8.
Earths
A buried earthing electrode system is necessary for the substation. The earthing system shall consist of earth electrodes. The system to be used, location and number of conduits will be detailed on the approved Ergon drawings. Additional electrodes may need to be installed outside the substation area and additional easements may be required if appropriate earth resistance readings cannot be achieved. Ergon will install the earthing grid prior to the floor slab being poured. Appropriate notice shall be given to indicate when this work can be carried out. The developer shall ensure that the earthing leads are brought through the floor into substation. All unbonded exposed metal work within the substation will be electrically bonded to the earthing system. This includes metal doors and reinforcing in the floor. If a part cannot be adequately bonded, it will be constructed from a suitable insulating material instead of metal. The developer shall provide a connection point to the floor reinforcing at a convenient location as advised by Ergons representative.
3.9.
Trenches
Trench walls must be able to support transformer loads applied to the substation floor within 300 mm of the cable trench. Trenches must be watertight and must not be connected to the outside drainage system. Provision is to be incorporated in the trench walls for any hauling eyes/anchors. Grid type covers manufactured of galvanized steel or other approved material must be provided and installed on all trenches. These covers must be suitably constructed to support pedestrian traffic. Trench covers must be divided into sections of maximum 1 metre lengths, each weighing not more than 20 kg. The trench cover when laid across the trench shall be flush with the surrounding floor level. The minimum rebate width required to support the trench cover shall be in accordance with the manufacturers recommendation. The cover shall fit snugly into the rebate so that there is negligible sideways movement.
Page 10 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
3.10.
Doors
All doors and frames shall be 2 hour fire rated (except where vents are installed) and waterproof. The owner will attach the appropriate locks and handles to suit the direction of opening as indicated on Ergons drawing. The cylinders will be changed to fit Ergons key when the substation is handed over. The locks shall be such that a key only entry is provided from the outside and a hand only from the inside. With double doors, the door to be opened first will be nominated on the layout drawings. The second leaf shall have pad bolts installed.
Page 11 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
2400
2400
3.11.
The owner will supply and install the light and power distribution board and the necessary light fittings and power outlets in the substation including all wiring. Ergon will connect the distribution board to the supply point on the low voltage board. Where required, equipment such as exhaust fans and pumps will be provided and installed by the owner in accordance with the specification and drawings supplied. The wiring to these units will be undertaken by the owner.
3.12.
Conduits
The owner shall install conduits from the substation enclosure to the property boundary. All conduits shall be orange heavy duty rigid PVC conduit conforming to Australian Standard 2053. Quantities and sizes shall be specified on the installation drawing. Any bends on route to the substation shall have a minimum 1830 mm bending radius. Conduits to extend 150 mm beyond the property boundary and be direct buried in accordance with Ergons Underground Construction Standards. The owner may be required to supply and install a 1300 X 1000 mm minimum cable drainage pit along the conduit route directly outside the substations trench wall.
Page 12 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
NETWORK LINES STANDARDS INDOOR DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION DESIGN 4. ELECTRICAL DESIGN STANDARD
4.1. Transformers
The transformers will come from Ergon Energys stores and will typically follow the present contract and technical specifications. The substation is designed to cater for bushings on opposite sides of the transformer. The bushings on the transformers should be covered, preferably by using cable entry transformers. If not, then suitable earthed metal cable covers shall be installed on the transformer to remove all bare live connections. The transformer ratings are 500 kVA, 750 kVA, 1000 kVA and 1500 kVA. Up to three transformers can be installed in the one substation. The transformers must not be permanently paralleled on the low voltage side.
4.2.
Three types of high voltage switchgear are available which will cover all applications. I. Ring Main Unit comprising two feeder cable switches and one fused switch/circuit breaker for one transformer,
Switch
Fuse
Switch
II. Ring Main Unit comprising two feeder cable switches and two fused switches/circuit breakers for two transformers,
Switch
Fuse
Fuse
Switch
III. Interfeeder Tie Unit comprising three feeder cable switches and one fused switch for one transformer.
Switch
Switch
Fuse
Switch
A three transformer substation will contain a combination of type II and I or type II and III. Fuses will protect the 500, 750 and 1000 kVA transformers; circuit breakers will protect 1500 kVA transformers.
Page 13 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
The low voltage switchboard will have a load break switch for each transformer. The customers supply is to be protected with either fuses up to 1200 Amp (two striple fuses in parallel) or circuit breakers above 1200 amps. The street circuits should be fused up to 400 amps using Ergons standard striple fuse. In multi-transformer substations there shall be a facility for paralleling the low voltage sides of the transformers inside the substation. Provision of low voltage parallels in the consumers installation could be installed if the customer requests it, but must contain suitable locking facilities only operable by Ergon Energy. Under no circumstances should the transformers be permanently paralleled. They should only be temporarily paralleled during switching procedures. The low voltage board also provides the facility for supplying the substations light and power and ventilation and sump pump equipment if installed and also contains maximum demand indicators.
4.4.
Customers Connection
The customers supply should not come direct from the transformer bushings. The location of the point-of-supply needs to be formalised in a written agreement. The location is typically described as a point on the low voltage board.
4.5.
Cables
The cables installed between the transformer and the high voltage switchgear, the transformer and the low voltage board and the low voltage board to the street should be chosen from the standard range of cables currently used by Ergon Energy. 1. High voltage switchgear to transformer: 35 sq mm 2. Transformer to low voltage board: a) 500 kVA: two 185 sq mm copper per phase and neutral, b) 750 kVA: three 185 sq mm copper per phase and neutral, c) 1000 kVA: four 185 sq mm copper per phase and neutral, d) 1500 kVA: six 185 sq mm copper per phase and neutral. 3. Low voltage board to street: 240 sq mm
4.6.
Earthing
4.6.1. CMEN
The preferred earthing arrangement for Indoor substations is the CMEN system which utilises common HV and LV earthing systems. This system requires a value of the combined earth resistance to be one ohm or less. This is generally achieved by connection to an extensive interconnected LV neutral system. Guidelines for the application of a CMEN system are contained in the document Guidelines for adoption of CMEN earthing systems available on the Line Standards intranet site.
Page 14 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
4.7.
Labels
Labels are vital in the substation on the low voltage board, high voltage switchgear and transformers. The description on each label should be determined by the designer or the local operator. They should be ordered/manufactured and applied prior to substation commissioning.
Page 15 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Fault Levels
Minimum 415 volt switchboard fault rating 11 kV nominal fault level 22 kV nominal fault level = = = 50 kA 13 kA 13 kA
4.9.
Substation equipment shall be located with due regard to safety of personnel working in the substation. A clear passageway at least 1000 mm wide shall be allowed from each item of switchgear to the personnel access doors to the substation. A clearance of at least 1500 mm out from the front of the high voltage and low voltage switchgear shall be allowed for safe operations. Equipment shall be located such that any item of equipment may be removed from the substation with the remaining equipment in service and under load. A passageway of at least 2500 mm wide shall be allowed for transformers and 1500 mm wide for the high voltage and low voltage boards. The transformers shall be sited with a clearance of 500 mm away from walls, other transformers and switchgear in order to allow free air flow.
Page 16 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
The LV and HV switchgear should be near the door. A clear passageway at least 1000 mm wide shall be allowed from each item of switchgear to the access door.
Page 17 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Page 18 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Page 19 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Page 20 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Page 21 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Page 22 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Page 23 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802
Page 24 of 24 CI001001R100 Ver 1 Reference Owner: Ian McLeod Group General Manager Operations Distribution
Ergon Energy Corporation Limited ABN 50 087 646 062 Ergon Energy Queensland Pty Ltd ABN 11 121 177 802