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Study Group Review Sensory Neuron Cell Body (Dorsal Root) Motor Neuron Cell Body (Ventral Root) Glial Cells: the connective tissue: of the nervous system o Astrocytes o Microglial: does clean up work o Ependymal: lines the ventricles o Schwann cell: in PNS o Oligodendrocytes: in CNS o Satellite cell What is a cluster of cell bodies outside CNS o Ganglions What is an aggreation of myelinated process? o White matter Cluster of cell bodies inside CNS o Nuclei Contains neuron cell bodies, dendrites o Gray matter Extensive neuromal network o Plexus Which type of nerves perform the actual information o Interneurons How a local anestic works o It works w/the NA K pumps; blocks the channels (cause you can release all the neurotransmitter you want but it will still release) If a receptor is cholernergic o ACh What is the one for norephineprhine o adrengenic Neurotransmitters in relieve pain o Endorphins, ekhaplins What substance p works in o The more you have the more pain you have You just stabbed me, what happens o Pain receptor goes to brain through the sensory pathway which then goes to the spinal cord and then to the brain which then sends out motor sensory (NO MATTER WHAT SYSTEM) Sensory, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effect Simple Pathway: hand on burner, take off hand (withdrawal reflex) Complex Pathway: step on a tack bring foot up (withdrawal), the other leg locks (extensor withdrawal reflex); there is also intersegmental, multipolar, contralateral Sitting down and hit your foot on a tack: ipsilateral Body is divided into dermatomes

Stretch reflex: when you push someone and they are still stable or falling a sleep or with the tapping the knee at the doctor Where do the nerves from the lower limbs arise from? o Cauda equine Sciatic nerve o Largest nerve in body; comes from sacral plexus Spinal Cord (CNS) o Basic Gross Anatomy: from C1 to L2 o Filum Terminale: extension of pia mater If you inject someone in the sciatic nerve o Their foot would drop; major pain Where are the somas located in the spinal cord o Gray matter is where the ventral soma is o Dorsal Root Ganglion is where the dorsal soma is Whats the function of the cerebellum o Coordination Function of the cerebrum o Problem solving; higher levels of functions; morals/ethics Function of the limbic system o Emotions and learning Function of the RAS o Deals with alertness and conciousness Autonomic Reflex o Glands, Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle Somatic Reflex o Involves skin and skeletal muscles Enteric Reflex o Digestion Where is the 2 lateral ventricles located o Superior to the third ventricle The foramina of Monroe o A hole by the 4th ventricle that allows CSF to flow out The accessory nerve XI

Autonomic Nervous System Dilate pupils and bronchioles: sympathetic What happens to blood flow in skin during an emergency: decrease o Blood to gut: decreases o Goes to: muscles, heart o Salivary Glands: both (parasympathetic) o Blood pressure: goes up because heart rate goes up o Blood vessels are dilating (to muscles)- constrict o Constriction going to skin and gut- dilate o In SNS causing vasodilatation is decreasing frequency

Is there a PSNS innervation of nerve vessels? o No because your body doesnt send these out in to the extremities o When some people get stressed they get a cold sweat There is no PSNS innervation to the nerve vessels so the SNS is going to constrict causing the skin to feel cold; but there is PSNS to a sweat gland but a very little bit Why do you break out in a sweat under SNS o Increase your grip What is an adrengic neuron o Norepinephrine In a cholergenic o ACh Muscurinic effectors effect o Smooth muscles and glands Nicornic o Post ganglionic cells How come sometimes when people are scared they have an accident o Over sympathetic of PSNS o Before parasympathetic is orgasm o After orgasm is sympathetic What are free nerve endings o Pain; it is the dendrite Specialized senses: hearing, vision, smell, taste, equilibrium Photoreceptor: detects light rod and a cone Thermo: detects heat Mechano receptor: touch, tickle Vitreous Body (humor): posterior; or vitreous chamber Iris: color of your eye

Vertigo: feeling of light headiness when you are at a height Nystagmus: due to a beating of an eye; vibrating of an eye when you (for example) shoot water into the eye