em* trsKd ;om;a&;

ESihf
ordik ;f wGif trSm;awmfyrHk sm;

em*Edik if aH wmftvH
By:

W. Shapwon.

em* trsKd ;om;a&;

ESihf
ordik ;f wGif trSm;awmfyrHk sm;

By:
W. Shapwon.

Copyrights by W. Shapwon

All rights reserved.

Printed 2000 copies in Khima, Nagaland, March 2011.

ed'gef;
em*trdsK;om;rsm; 1960-ckESpfaemufrS arG;zGm;vmolrsm;onf,cktcg
touf (50) &Sad e+yDjzpfonf? xdo
k rl sm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh em*trsKd ;om;a&;udk
em;rvnf=uay? xd@k jyif 1970 ESifh 1980 aemufyikd ;f rS arG;zGm;vmcJ=h uaom vli,frsm;
onf em*trsKd ;om;a&;ta=umif;udk ydI
k yif em;rvnf=uyg? trsKd ;om;a&; ta=umif;
udk xdxrd rd d em;rvnf=uaomfvnf; xdv
k il ,frsm;onf rdred m*trsKd ;udk cspI
f wdik ;f jynf
wm0efxrf;aqmifvdkaom pdwf"gwfjyif;xef=uonfrSm *k%f,lp&myifjzpfonf?
od@k aomf em*trsKd ;om;a&;ESihf &efo.
l Edik if aH &; upm;yHu
k kd em;rvnf=uI xdv
k il ,frsm;
onf &efo.
l vufyg;ap acgi;f aqmifrsm;. vufxu
J sa&mufum touftv[\
qH;k &SK;H oGm; =uolrsm;vnf; &dcS yhJ gonf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh 1980 aemufyikd ;f wGif xdu
k o
hJ @kd
&efo.
l vufyg;ap acgi;f aqmifrsm;vufxJ usa&mufomG ;aom vli,fajrmufrsm;pGm
(&m*%ef;ESichf sI
D ) toufq;kH &S;Hk oGm;=u&Smonf? T[monfum; tifrwefrS &ifem
p&myifwnf;?
xdak =umifh wdik ;f jynftwGuf wm0efxrf;aqmifrnfqykd gu ,cktcgwiG f rdrd
vlrsKd ;ESiw
hf ikd ;f jynfuckd spaf om pdw"f gwf jyif;ys,jkH zifh rvkaH vmufawmhyg? rdrb
d 0udk
wdik ;f jynftwGuf tusKd ;&S&d dS ay;qyfrnfqykd gu/ em*trsKd ;om;a&; ordik ;f a=umif;udk
aumif;rGepf mG avhvm od&&dS efvykd gonf? trSm;trSeu
f kd aumif;rGepf mG a0cGo
J ;kH oyfEikd f
&ef ta&;}uD;onf? tb,fa=umifq
h akd omf 1980-ckEpS af emufyikd ;f rSpI taemufbuf
wGi&f adS om tcsKd @ynmwwfem*rsm;onf &efo.
l vufyg;apacgi;f aqmifrsm; jzpfvm
=u+yD; em*trsKd ;om;a&;udk ygwED ikd if aH &;toGio
f kd h aomfvnf;aumif;/ pD;yGm;a&;toGif
od@k aomfvnf;aumif; ajymif;um rdru
d ,
kd u
f sKd ;twGuf Edik if aH &;upm;vmcJ=h uonf?
rodem;rvnfaom jynfolvlxkrsm;ESifh vli,frsm;udk vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;um rdrd
aumif;pm;a&;twGuf Edik if aH &; upm;ae=uonf?
xdt
k &SKyftaxG;rsm;udk aumif;rGepf mG avhvmod&EdS ikd af &;twGuf Tpmtkyf
udk a&;om;jyKpkjcif;jzpfonf? txl;ojzifh ta&S@bufem*rsKd ;qufopfvil ,f ynmwwf
rsm;ESihf Armpmzwfwwfol jynfov
l x
l rk sm; tm;vH;k twGuf &nfp;l +yD; a&;ygonf?
TpmtkyfwGif rGef*dkrsdK;EG,fpkrsm; qif;oufvmyHk ordkif;tusOf;ESifh em*trsdK;om;
a&;ordik ;f udk tusO;f tm;jzifh az: jy+yD; vli,frsm;taejzifh trSm;trSeu
f kd aumif;rGepf mG

oabmayguef m;vnfEikd &f ef 1960-ckEpS af emufyikd ;f rSpI jzpfay:vmcJah om trSm;awmf

ykEH iS hf t&SKyftaxG; tjzpftysurf sm;udk tus,w
f 0ifh a&;om;xm;ygonf? xd@k a=umifh
Tpmtkyfudk aumif;rGefpGmavhvmygu trsdK;udkcspfaom em*vli,frsm;tm;vHk;
twGuf tusKd ;jzpfxeG ;f vdrrhf nf[k ar#mv
f ifyh gonf?

&ufpJG - 3 -1-2011
W. Shapwon
em*rsKd ;cspyf *k Kd~ vf

,d;k ',m;-jrefrm e,fpyfwpfae&mrS?

rmwdum
tcef; 1// rGe*f rkd sKd ;EG,pf k qif;oufvmyHk ordik ;f tusO;f ?
tcef; 2// em*trsKd ;om;a&;ordik ;f tusO;f ?
(1) em* Edik if aH &; pwifvmyHk
(2) 'kw,
d urBmppf aemufyikd ;f em*Edik if aH &;
(3) tdE,
Nd usL;ausmv
f mr_
(4) jidr;f csr;f a&; pmcsKyf
(5) &SaD vmifpmcsKyf
(6) &SaD vmifpmcsKyftm; ckw;kH vkyjf yD; qd&k ,
S v
f pftpd;k &zGJ ph nf;jcif;
(7) ta&S yh ikd ;f em*v_y&f mS ;r_
tcef; 3// trSm;awmfy?kH
(1) OD; zDZ.
kd &nf&,
G cf suf ratmifjrifap&ef t[ef@twm;vky&f yfrsm;?
(2) &SaD vmifpmcsKyfEiS hf 'kw,
d tcsed f atmifjrifrE_ iS hf vGcJ jhJ cif;
tcef; 4? 1976-1988 twGi;f ta&S@em*e,fajrwGif Edik if aH &;tjzpftysuf
(1) qd&k ,
S v
f pfru
l kd tajccHaom tpd;k &opfz@JG pnf;jcif;
(2) w&kwjf ynfo@kd jyefomG ;jcif;
(3) pnf;&H;k a&;ESihf &efo.
l xd;k ppf
(4) jynfawmfjyef ppfonfawmfrsm;tm; }udKqdjk cif;
(5) arG0g.ay:vpDukd tDqufu xkwaf z: &SKH @cs
(6) arG0g. qd&k ,
S v
f pfz@JG pnf;&ef pnf;&H;k a&;
(7) arG0g.rl0g' tay: tjiif;tcHk
(8) 'k[;D ta&;tcif;
(9) ppftm%modr;f jcif;
(10) em*zuf'&,ftpd;k & jyefvnfz@JG pnf;jcif;
(11) vlowfrE_ iS hf etqu zG@J pnf;jcif;

(12) c,rfnL;ief; em*tay: ppfqifjcif;

(13) arG0g ESihf tDqufw@kd tm; y,fcsjcif;
(14) etuezp rS arG0g tDquf cyfvefw@kd EiS hf em;vnfr&_ atmif
}udK;yrf;csuf
(15) ,d'k v
D ikd ;f aemif em*wd@k tm; etqu xd;k ppf
(16) &efo.
l aoG;cGaJ &; ay:vpD ysujf ym;r_
(17) etqu ESpzf @JG ucJG yhJ kH
tcef; 5? 1990-aemufyikd ;f taemufem*e,fajrwGif Edik if aH &; t&SKyftaxG;
(1) arG0g tDquf Edik if jH cm;c&D;pOfEiS hf a'ocH vlrsKd ;a&;udpP
(2) etqu (t-r) wd@k vlowfr}_ uD;rsm;
(3) etqu tzG@J EiS hf tdE,
Nd Edik if aH &;aqG;aEG;yGJ
(4) vdrv
f nfaomEdik if aH &;
(5) opPmazguv
f yk &f yfrsm;
(6) etu cGyJ pf&ef &efo.
l }udK;yrf;csuf
(7) trSm;udk trSex
f ifI trSeu
f kd trSm;xifco
hJ rl sm;*trsKd ;om;rsm;
jyefvnf raygi;f pnf;Edik &f efvyk &f yfrsm;
(9) jyefvnfaygi;f pnf;a&; twGuv
f KS yf&mS ;r_ (reconciliation)

tcef; 6? em* Edik if H tvH

tcef; 7// "gwyf rkH sm;
ed*;kH

trSmpm
usGefawmfonf 1971-ckESpf ausmif;rSxGufvm+yD; ArmpmayESifh
txdtawG@ r&Scd o
hJ nfrmS ESpaf ygi;f (40) &Scd +hJ yDjzpfonf? Tpmtkyaf &;jcif;onf
ESpaf ygi;f av;q,faemufrS Armpmjzifh yxrOD;qH;k pma&;jcif;jzpfonf? 0gusrsm;udk
acsmarmajyjypfpGm ra&;Edkifonfhtjyif owfykHudkvnf;rSefuefpGm ra&;Edkifyg?
ynmwwfol wpfpw
kH pfa,muf. tultnDr#&,lI a&;jcif;r[kwaf oma=umifh
trSm;t,Gif; ajrmufrsm;pGm&Sdrnfjzpfonf? odk@aomf 0gusESifh owfyHkrsm;udk
wwf E d k i f o avmuf ul n D = unf h a y;cJ h o nf h ytd k 0 f ; trsd K ;om;acgif ; aqmif /
OD;cGeo
f ed ;f wefEiS hf wnfjzwfpmpDjcif;udk ulnaD y;cJo
h l cGerf if;Edik f (ytd0k ;f vli,f
tpnf;t&H;k ) wdk t
h m; txl;yifaus;Zl;wifyga=umif; rSww
f rf;wiftyfygonf?
pmta&;tom;aumif;rGefpGm rodaomfvnf; em*trdsK;om;rsm;
Armpm zwfwwfolrsm;taejzifh em*trsdK;om;a&;udk aumif;rGefpGmod&Sd
em;vnfapcsiaf om qENjzifh a&;jcif;jzpfI 0gusEiS o
hf wfyrkH sm; rSeu
f efr_ r&Sad omf
vnf; onf;cH+yD; zwf=uapvdyk gonf?

av;pm;pGmjzifh
Wonti Shapwon.