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Sheet 4 CIV 340
Sheet 4 CIV 340
Dr T M Michelitsch – Sheet 4
a) Consider the case bn (t) = 0 and write (1) in matrix form when N = 4
¨ = −A · ~u
~u
and give the 4 × 4 matrix for this case.
b) Consider the case N = 4: Show that the eigenvectors of A must be (up to a con-
stant pre-factor) of the form
1
µ
~v =
(2)
µ2
µ3
fulfilling the condition µ4 − 1 = 0.
d) Show that A is semi-positive definite (i.e. all eigenvalues λi ≥ 0 and explain the
physical meaning of the positive eigenvalues.
g) Show that for two eigenvectors ~vj , ~vk (j 6= k) the relation (where (..)∗ denotes the
complex conjugate)
h) Normalize the eigenvectors, i.e. write them in such a way that Const = 1.
Aij = A|i−j|
has the same eigenvectors as in f ) ff. and give the eigenvalues for the 4 × 4 matrix
3 −1 −1 −1
−1 3 −1 −1
A=
−1 −1 3 −1
−1 −1 −1 3
j) Write matrix A of (1) for N = 3 and determine the deflection un (t) for an external
force and determine eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
l) Put now b(t) = 0 in (1) and solve the initial value problem (Cauchy problem) for
the initial conditions
2 0
d
~u(t = 0) = −1 ~u(t = 0) = −1
dt
−1 1