TQM - Histogram

Basic Tools
• Check Sheet
• Charts / Histogram
• Pareto Diagram
• Cause and Effect Diagram
• Control Chart
• Scatter Diagram
• Brain Storming

Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

ABC ST EEL M ANUFACT URING M ILLS

Check Sheet
Product Date

Check Sheet
Manufacturing Stage Inspector
Total # Inspected name

Type Length
Dia

Type Length
Dia

A paper form on which items Type Length

Dia

Type Length

to be checked are already Type

Dia

Length
Dia

printed, resultant checked Type

Type
Length
Dia

Length

data is entered at relevant

Dia

Type Length
Dia

places. Type

Type
Length
Dia

Length
Dia

Signature _______________

Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

By Irfan Rashid Farooqui 1

TQM - Histogram

TABLE 1
Length Dia Length Dia Length Dia Length Dia Length Dia

32 4.80 44 5.00 44 4.80 42 4.30 57 4.90 MAKING TALLY SHEET

26 4.90 51 4.80 23 4.80 33 4.80 27 5.00

42 5.00 46 4.30 43 4.80 45 4.80 44 4.80

53 4.80 37 4.80 25 5.00 38 4.80 44 4.30

AND MAKING
36 4.30 40 4.80 36 4.80 48 4.90 55 5.20

47 4.80 40 4.80 58 4.30 45 5.00 38 5.30

32
41
4.80

4.50
39
37
4.90

5.00
43
31
4.80

4.50
31
39
4.80

4.30
45
33
4.60

5.10
HISTOGRAM
20 4.60 50 4.80 33 4.60 50 5.20 51 4.80

28 5.10 51 4.30 40 5.10 52 5.30 43 4.30

Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

TABLE 2 TABLE 2

32 44 44 42 57 32 44 44 42 57
26 51 23 33 27 26 51 23 33 27
42 46 43 45 44 42 46 43 45 44
53 37 25 38 44 53 37 25 38 44
36 40 36 48 55 36 40 36 48 55
47 40 58 45 38 47 40 58 45 38
32 39 43 31 45 32 39 43 31 45
41 37 31 39 33 41 37 31 39 33
20 50 33 50 51 20 50 33 50 51
28 51 40 52 43 28 51 40 52 43
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

By Irfan Rashid Farooqui 2

TQM - Histogram

TABLE 2
TABLE 3
32 44 44 42 57 Guidelines for determining the number of intervals
26 51 23 33 27
42 46 43 45 44 Number of reading Number of intervals
53 37 25 38 44
Fewer than 50 5 to 7
36 40 36 48 55
47 40 58 45 38 50 to 100 6 to 10
32 39 43 31 45
41 37 31 39 33 101 to 150 7 to 12
20 50 33 50 51
28 51 40 52 43 More than 150 10 to 12
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

TABLE 4
MID
Range 58 – 20 = 38 INTERVALS
POINT
BOUNDARIES TALLY FREQUENCY

Intervals 38 / 8 = 4.75 or 5

Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

By Irfan Rashid Farooqui 3

TQM - Histogram

TABLE 4 TABLE 4
MID MID
INTERVALS BOUNDARIES TALLY FREQUENCY INTERVALS BOUNDARIES TALLY FREQUENCY
POINT POINT
20-24 20-24 22
25-29 25-29 27
30-34 30-34 32
35-39 35-39 37
40-44 40-44 42
45-49 45-49 47
50-54 50-54 52
55-59 55-59 57
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

TABLE 4 TABLE 4
MID MID
INTERVALS BOUNDARIES TALLY FREQUENCY INTERVALS BOUNDARIES TALLY FREQUENCY
POINT POINT
20-24 22 19.5-24.5 20-24 22 19.5-24.5 II
25-29 27 24.5-29.5 25-29 27 24.5-29.5 IIII
30-34 32 29.5-34.5 30-34 32 29.5-34.5 IIII II
35-39 37 34.5-39.5 35-39 37 34.5-39.5 IIII III
40-44 42 39.5-44.5 40-44 42 39.5-44.5 IIII IIII III
45-49 47 44.5-49.5 45-49 47 44.5-49.5 IIII I
50-54 52 49.5-54.5 50-54 52 49.5-54.5 IIII II
55-59 57 54.5-59.5 55-59 57 54.5-59.5 III
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

By Irfan Rashid Farooqui 4

TQM - Histogram

TABLE 4 Normal Distribution

MID 14

INTERVALS BOUNDARIES TALLY FREQUENCY

POINT 12

20-24 22 19.5-24.5 II 2 10

25-29 27 24.5-29.5 IIII 4 8

f
30-34 32 29.5-34.5 IIII II 7 6

35-39 37 34.5-39.5 IIII III 8 4

40-44 42 39.5-44.5 IIII IIII III 13

2
45-49 47 44.5-49.5 IIII I 6
0
50-54 52 49.5-54.5 IIII II 7 1

55-59 57 54.5-59.5 III 3

Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

TABLE 5 Skewed to Left

MID POINT FREQUENCY
12
22 2
10
27 4
8
32 6
37 7 f 6
42 9 4
47 10 2
52 9 0
57 3 1
Mid points
Total 50
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

By Irfan Rashid Farooqui 5

TQM - Histogram

TABLE 6
MID POINT FREQUENCY Skewed to Right
22 2 12

27 4 10

32 10 8

37 9 f6

42 9 4

47 7 2

0
52 6 1

57 3 Mid Point
Total 50
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

TABLE 7 Truncated
MID POINT FREQUENCY 12

22 9
10
27 11
32 9 8

37 7 f 6

42 5 4
47 4
2
52 3
57 2 0
1
Total 50
Mid point
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

By Irfan Rashid Farooqui 6

TQM - Histogram

TABLE 8 14
Segregated
MID POINT FREQUENCY
12
22 2
27 9 10

32 12 8

37 0
6
42 12
47 10 4

52 3 2

57 2
0
Total 50
1

Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

TABLE 9 Two machines

MID POINT FREQUENCY 14
22 2 12
27 6 10
32 12
8
37 8 f
6
42 12
47 5 4
52 3 2
57 2 0
Total 50 1
Mid point
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

By Irfan Rashid Farooqui 7

TQM - Histogram

TABLE 10

32 44 44 42 57
26 51 23 33 27
42 46 43 45 44
Stem-and-Leaf 53 37 25 38 44
36 40 36 48 55
47 40 58 45 38
32 39 43 31 45
Diagram 41 37 31 39 33
20 50 33 50 51
28 51 40 52 43
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

Stem and Leaf Stem and Leaf Sorted

Stem Leaves Stem Leaves
2 6 0 8 3 5 7 2035678
3 2 6 2 7 9 761983 312236677899
4 2 7 1 4 6 004334453 400123334444567
5 3 1 0 1 8 02751 50011123578
Irfan Rashid Farooqui Irfan Rashid Farooqui

By Irfan Rashid Farooqui 8

TQM - Histogram

Stem and Leaf Shaded

Stem Leaves
2 0 3 5 6 7 8
3 1 2 2 3 6 677899
4 0 0 1 2 3 334444567
5 0 0 1 1 1 23578

Irfan Rashid Farooqui

By Irfan Rashid Farooqui 9