‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ – ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺝ ﮔﻼﺑﺘﻮﻧﭽﻲ ‪ -‬ﺳﻬﻴﻼ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻲ‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤـﺪﻩﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸـﻜﻼﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺷـﺒﻜﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴـﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴـﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬـﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ" ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻗـﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤـﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ" ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗـﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻋﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻨـﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ"‬
‫ﺭﻳـﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣـﺎ ﺗـﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻭ ﮔـﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ"ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻣﺼـﺎﻟﺢ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬـﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴـﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻏـﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ - ١‬ﻭ ‪ – ٢‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻬﺎﺏ ﻗﺪﺱ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻴـﺎﻥ ﺑـﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﮊﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﭘـﻲ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽـﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺧـﻮﺭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎ ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﻴـﻦ ﻋﻤـﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻃـﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺷـﻤﺎﻝ ﺷـﺮﻕ ﺍﻫـﻮﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ )ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻫـﻮﺍﺯ(‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﺪﺷـﺖ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠـﺎﻥ ﻏـﺮﺑﻲ)ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎﻥ ﭘﻠﺪﺷﺖ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻛﻮ(‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﻳﻨﻪﺭﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ )ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺪﻭﺁﺏ( ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﻩ ﺻﻮﻓﻲ ﭼﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻕﭼﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗــﻊﺩﺭﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻥ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠــﺎﻥ ﺷــﺮﻗﻲ)ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺘﺎﻥ ﻣــﺮﺍﻏﻪ(ﺍﺯﺳــﺎﻝ‪ ٧٢‬ﺗــﺎ ‪ ٧٧‬ﺑــﻪ ﺩﻧــﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻣﺸــﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗـﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻠﻞﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻣـﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻴﻬﺎ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺁﻣـﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻣﺴـﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺩﺭﺩﻓـﺘﺮﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ‪ :‬ﻣـﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ)ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺑــﺘﻦ ﻭﻣﺼــﺎﻟﺢ ﺯﻳﺮﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﺑﺘــﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻧــﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸــﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠــﺎﻡﻳﺎﻓــﺘﻪ ﺑــﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺼــﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺘﻦﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲﻭﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻱﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﻪﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮﻳﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﭘﺬﻳـﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻧـﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﺻـﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺴـﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﺍﻩﺣـﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸـﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻧـﺒﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺑﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻫﻴـﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣـﻨﻈﻮﺭﻩ ﺻﻮﻓﻲ ﭼﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﻕ ﭼﺎﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺳـﻴﻌﺘﺮﻱ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﺍﺭ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻔﺼـﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺸـﺘﺮﻱ ﺷـﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻏﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻧﻘﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺦﺑﺎﺑﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﻏﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ LMC .‬ﻭ ‪ RMC‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺍﺣﻞ ﭼﭗ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﻏﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴـﺰ ‪ ٧٦‬ﻭ ﺑﻬـﺎﺭ ‪ ،٧٧‬ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔـﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺳـﻴﺮ ﺻـﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸـﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗـﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔـﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ LMC‬ﻭ ‪ RMC‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ١‬ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻜـﺘﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻛـﻠﻲ ﺁﻣـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ *٢.‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺁﻣـﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﻪ ﻋﻤـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺗـﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽـﻨﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴـﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﺘﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺧﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻣـﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤـﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳـﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳـﺰﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﻱ‪ +‬ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺩﺭﻃـﺮﺡ ﭘﻠﺪﺷـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﺭﻳـﻨﻪﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺮ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣـﻲﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺯﺭﻳـﻨﻪﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳـﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽـﻨﻴﻦ ﻋـﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﭘﻠﺪﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -١‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ LMC‬ﻭ ‪ RMC‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ ﭼﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﻱ‪ +‬ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪٧٤‬‬ ‫‪٩/٤‬‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٤/٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣٤/٦‬‬ ‫‪١٦٥‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٤٧٦‬‬ ‫‪ ١+٥٣٧‬ﺗﺎ ‪٠+٠٠٠‬‬ ‫‪RMC‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪٧٥‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫‪١/٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٢/٩‬‬ ‫‪٥٣‬‬ ‫‪١٥/٤‬‬ ‫‪٢٨٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٦/٩‬‬ ‫‪٤٩٥‬‬ ‫‪٤٦/٩‬‬ ‫‪٨٦٤‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪١٨٣٧‬‬ ‫‪ ٧+٤٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪١+٥٣٧‬‬ ‫*‪RMC‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪٧٥‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪٧٤‬ﻭﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪٧٥‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٦/٨‬‬ ‫‪٦٣‬‬ ‫‪١١/٦‬‬ ‫‪١٠٦‬‬ ‫‪٤/٨‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٢١٣‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٩١٦‬‬ ‫‪ ٠+٧٥٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪٧+٤٠٠‬‬ ‫‪RMC‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪٧٦‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪١٧/٩‬‬ ‫‪١١٧‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪١٧/٩‬‬ ‫‪١١٧‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٦٥١‬‬ ‫‪ ١٨+١٢٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪١٢+٥١١‬‬ ‫**‪RMC‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﻭﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪٧٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠/٧‬‬ ‫‪١١٤‬‬ ‫‪١٢/٨‬‬ ‫‪١٣٦‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠٦٥‬‬ ‫‪ ٣+٦٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪٠+٠٠٠‬‬ ‫‪LMC‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻬﺎﺭ ‪٧٥‬‬ ‫‪PartI‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪٧٤‬‬ ‫½‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫‪٥/٢‬‬ ‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫‪٦/٤‬‬ ‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫‪١٢/٢‬‬ ‫‪١١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٣٤‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٩٠٠‬‬ ‫‪ ٣+٤٤٦‬ﺗﺎ ‪٠+٠٠٠‬‬ ‫‪LMC‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪٧٥‬‬ ‫‪Part II‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪٧٣‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪١٦/٣‬‬ ‫‪٢١٦‬‬ ‫‪٤/٦‬‬ ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫‪٩/٢‬‬ ‫‪١٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٣٠/٢‬‬ ‫‪٤٠٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪١٣٢٥‬‬ ‫‪ ٨+٧٣١‬ﺗﺎ ‪٣+٤٤٦‬‬ ‫‪LMC‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪٧٤‬‬ ‫‪Part III‬‬
‫* ﺁﻣﺎﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‪ ٧١١‬ﻣﺘﺮﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﻣﺮﺍﻏﻪ ﺭﺍﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ** .‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻮﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬

‫ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻣﺴـﺄﻟﻪ ﺗـﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺁﻣـﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻜﺴـﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ )ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻣﺘﺮﻱ(‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴـﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺮﺑﺮﮒ‪ ،‬ﻋﺼﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﮔﭻ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫)ﺩﺭﺑﻘﻴـﻪ ﻃـﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸـﻬﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﻛﻤـﺎﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ(‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ RMC‬ﻭ ‪ LMC‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ ٢‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٥‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -٢‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪RMC‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪Na‬‬ ‫‪TDS‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫‪TDSx100‬‬
‫‪Meq/lit‬‬ ‫‪meq/lit‬‬ ‫‪meq/lit‬‬ ‫‪meq/lit‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٧٠/٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٩٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٦٣‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٨‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ‪٨٣٧‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٧٦/٧‬‬ ‫‪٢/٥٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٩٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠١‬‬ ‫‪١/٩٨‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ‪١٠٨٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪١٢/١‬‬ ‫‪٢/٣٣‬‬ ‫‪١/٢٥٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٧٨٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠١٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻧﻬﺮﺳﺮﺝﺳﻤﺖﭼﭗ ‪٤+٢٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬
‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٤٦/٥‬‬ ‫‪١/٦١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٨٥‬‬ ‫‪٧/٧*١٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/٧٥‬‬ ‫‪ ١٦+٣٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪١٦+٨٠٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٧٦/٧‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٢/٦*١٠-٢‬‬ ‫‪١/٣٢‬‬ ‫‪ ٥+٨٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪٦+٦٠٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٥٣/٥‬‬ ‫‪١/٥٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٤٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/ ٣‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٠/٨٤‬‬ ‫‪ ١٦+٨٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪١٧+١٨٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪١/ ٦‬‬ ‫‪٧٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٩٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣١‬‬ ‫‪٢/٣*١٠‬‬ ‫‪١/ ٢‬‬ ‫‪ ٥+٨٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪٦+٦٠٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -٣‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ‪LMC‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫‪Na‬‬ ‫‪TDS‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫‪100*TDS‬‬
‫‪meq/lit‬‬ ‫‪meq/lit‬‬ ‫‪meq/lit‬‬ ‫‪meq/lit‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٤٦/٣‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٤٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٠٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٥‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ‪٢+٨٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪١٨/٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٣٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٣٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٦٣‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ‪٢+٨٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫‪٨٨/٤‬‬ ‫‪٧/٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٤٧٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠٩‬‬ ‫‪٦/٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ‪٣+٤٨٩‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٣٨/٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٥٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٥٨‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٧٥‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢١‬‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ‪٤+٥٧٩‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٣٧/٩‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٠٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٤١‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٩‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ‪٥+٥٣٩‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٠/ ٥‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٨٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٦٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠١‬‬ ‫‪٠/٢٥‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ‪ ١١‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٨٣/٦‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٤٦‬‬ ‫‪٠/١٤٢‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠١‬‬ ‫‪١/٤٨‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ‪ ٥٠‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻧـﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺻـﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣـﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸـﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸـﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭﻣﺴـﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺩﻓـﺘﺮﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻘﻴـﻢ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺗـﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -٤‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪RMC‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪PL‬‬ ‫‪LL‬‬ ‫‪PI‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫‪dγ‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﺍﺯ‪٤/٧‬‬ ‫‪٤/٧‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٧٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠٢‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪٤/٥‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٤‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ‪ -٧٣٨‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪MH‬‬ ‫‪٣/٩‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٦/٧‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٩‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ‪ -١٠٨٩‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪SM‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٥٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫‪٥٤‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫‪٩/٣‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ‪ -١٠٩٠‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪SM‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥٦‬‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٥/٢‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺮﺳﺮﺝ‪ ٤+٢١٠‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪ML-MH‬‬ ‫‪٣/١‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٤‬‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺮﺳﺮﺝ‪ ٤+٢٢٢‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪MH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٦٣‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٨/٧‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ‪ ١٥٢٢‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪MH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٤٢/٢‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ‪ ٥+٦٣٩‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪٤/٥‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ‪ ٦+٦٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٥+٨٠٠‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪٤/٩‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٦٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ ٦+٦٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪٥+٨٠٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪MH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪٤٤/٣‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ‪ ٦+٥٠٠‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫‪٥٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫‪٤٤/٦‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ‪ ٦+٥٥٠‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬
‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫‪٦٩‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ‪ ٦+٦٠٠‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪TP2‬‬
‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٦٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ‪ ٦+٦٠٠‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪TP2‬‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪SC‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ‪ ٦+٢٠٠‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪TP1‬‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪SM‬‬ ‫‪٠/٩‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٧٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٦/٤‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ‪١٥٤٩‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪SM‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/٦‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﭘﺎﺩﮔﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ‪١٠+٦٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ML‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٥٤‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪٣٣/٧‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪٨+٣٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ML‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪١٧/٨‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ‬ ‫‪ML-MH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٨/٤‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ‪٣٤٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪ML‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٨/١‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ‪١٠+٠٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬ ‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ ١٧+١٩٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪١٦+٨٠٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪MH‬‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫‪٦٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ ١٦+٩٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪١٦+٣٠٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻑ ‪) golab :‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺵ(‬ ‫ﻙ ‪maghaleh :‬‬

 ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -٥‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪LMC‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪PL‬‬ ‫‪LL‬‬ ‫‪PI‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫‪dγ‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﺍﺯ‪٤/٧‬‬ ‫‪٤/ ٧‬‬ ‫‪%٠٧٤‬‬ ‫‪٠/٠٠٢‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪SC‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٣/٦‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٥‬‬ ‫‪٠-٣٧٥‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪SM‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٦٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪١٧/٨‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٥‬‬ ‫‪٠-٣٧٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺸﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪٤/ ٧‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٦٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٤١/٧‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢-٨٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫“‬ ‫‪CH‬‬ ‫‪٣/ ٩‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫‪٤٠/٨‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢-٨٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪MH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫‪٦٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٩/٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣-٤٨٩‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪MH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٦٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٩/٥‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣-٤٨٩‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪SC‬‬ ‫‪١/ ٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫¼‬ ‫‪١/٧٥‬‬ ‫‪٤-٥٧٩‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪SC‬‬ ‫‪٠/ ٩‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٦٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪٤/ ٧‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٥‬‬ ‫‪٤-٥٧٩‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪SC‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٨/ ٨‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٤-٥٧٩‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪SM‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٠/٦‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٤-٥٧٩‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻒ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪SC‬‬ ‫‪٢/ ٨‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٧٢‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪١٦/٦‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٥‬‬ ‫‪٥-٥٣٩‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪SC‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪٦٤‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪١٢/٤‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٥-٥٣٩‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫‪SC‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٧٤‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٢٧‬‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪١٣/٣‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٥‬‬ ‫‪٨+٥٠٠‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ‬ ‫‪SC‬‬ ‫‪٠/ ٦‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٩/٠‬‬ ‫‪١/٥٥‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ‪٠+٠٣٧ ١١‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪MH‬‬ ‫‪٢/ ٣‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬ ‫‪٦٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٤٤/٣‬‬ ‫‪١/٧٤‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ‪٠+١٥٠ ٥٠‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻻﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﭗ‬ ‫‪MH‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪٣٠/٧‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﻞ ‪١٩‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬

‫ﻑ ‪golabj:‬‬ ‫ﻙ ‪maghaleh :‬‬

 ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺗـﻮﺭﻡ ﺯﺍﻳـﻲ ﻣﺼـﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬

‫ﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺱ ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍ ﺑﺎ ‪ PI‬ﺑﺎﻻ )‪CH‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬

‫ﺑـﺎ ‪ PI‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ (٣٨‬ﺑـﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﺧﺎﻙ )ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺁﺏ( ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺯﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺧــﺎﻙ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﺑﺘــﻨﻲ )ﺁﻣــﺎﺱ ﭘﻮﺷــﺶ ﺑﺘــﻨﻲ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺷﻜﺴــﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺷــﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﻫﺎﻧــﻪ‬

‫ﻼ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻋﻜﺲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ .(١‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬

‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑـﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺷـﺒﺎﻉ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﺳـﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻧـﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺗـﻮﺭﻡ ﺭﺱ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻛﻒ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ٦‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺴــﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺣـﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﭘـﻲ ﺍﻋـﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺴـﺖ ﻭ ﺗـﻮﺭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻧـﺎﻝ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺻـﻮ ﹰ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻒ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺻـﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﻛﻨـﺘﺮﻝ ﺗـﺮﻙ ﻭ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺷـﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴـﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺛـﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﺎﺯﻛﻲ )ﻛﻤﻲ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ( ﻭﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻝ ﻣﻘـﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘـﺎﺑﻞ ﺣـﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﭘـﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺘﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻲ )ﺗﻮﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻐـﺰﺵ( ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﭘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻋﻜﺲ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺼـﺮﻑ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻱ )ﮔﭻ‬
‫ﺑـﺎ ﻛـﻨﺎﺭ ﺯﺩﻥ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻤـﻚ( ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﺟﺰﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﺒﻞ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺦ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮﺩﺳـﻴﺮﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻠﺖ ﺑـﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗـﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺷـﺒﺎﻉ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﺦ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭﺯﻳﺮﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺑـﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗـﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻋﻤـﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻣﺴـﻴﺮﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺑـﻠﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻳـﺦ ﺑﺨﻮﺑـﻲ ﺩﺭﺯﻳـﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶﻫـﺎ ﺑﻮﻳـﮋﻩ ﺩﺭﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻻ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻳﺦ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ‪ ٩‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻳﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽـﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭ ﻳﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑـﺎﻋﺚ ﺣﺎﺩﺗﺮﺷـﺪﻥ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﻳﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑـﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻛـﺜﺮ ‪ ٨‬ﺗـﺎ ‪ ١٠‬ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪٤٠‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ ٩٥‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺮﻭﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳـﺰﻫﺎ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٨٠‬ﺗـﺎ ‪ ٨٥‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪﺛﺒﺖ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳـﻦﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ…( ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑــﺎﻋﺚ ﺧــﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺁﻥ ﮔــﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒــﺘﻪ ﺧــﺰﺵ ﺑــﺘﻦ ﺑﺼــﻮﺭﺕ ﻋــﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﻫــﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛــﺎﻫﺶ ﺷــﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺗـﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴـﺮ ﻣﺜﺒـﺘﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺗـﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺴـﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗـﺒﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺑـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺁﺭﻣـﺎﺗﻮﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺗﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -٦‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ‪RMC‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻛﻒ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ )ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫)ﻣﺘﺮ(‬ ‫)ﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪٦٩/٨١‬‬ ‫‪٧٢/٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٠+١٨٠‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ٠+٠٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪٠+٥٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٦٩/٧٢‬‬ ‫‪٧١/٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٠+٢٧٥‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٧١/٦٤‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٦٩/٦٤‬‬ ‫‪٧١/٥٠‬‬ ‫‪٠+٣٥٠‬‬
‫‪٦٩/٥٦‬‬ ‫‪٧١/٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٠+٤٢٥‬‬
‫‪٦٩/٤٩‬‬ ‫‪٧١/٢٤‬‬ ‫‪٠+٥٢٠‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﺍﺯﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗـﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﺍﺛـﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﭽﺸـﻲ ﻭﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﺧﻤﺸـﻲ ﻭﻛﺸﺸـﻲﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ )ﺍﻋـﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻫﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜـﻲ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ( ﻣﺰﻳﺪﻋﻠﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺑﺮﺷﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺟﻤﻊﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺛﺮﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ )‪(Shrinkage‬‬

‫ﺗـﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻊﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺛﺮﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ )‪، (Shrinkage‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺯﺑـﺮﻱ ﺑﻴـﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣـﺪ ﻭ ﻛـﺮﻣﻮ ﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻭﻳـﺒﺮﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ( ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٤٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ )ﻣـﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻦ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻦ ‪ ٩٠‬ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﻣﺼـﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭﺟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٧‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ RMC‬ﻭ ‪ LMC‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ -٧‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ RMC‬ﻭ ‪ LMC‬ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻊﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺍﺣﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫‪١،٣،٤‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﺗﻮﺃﻡ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪٧٤‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫‪ ١+٥٣٧‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪RMC‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫‪٠+٠٠٠‬‬
‫‪٧٥‬‬
‫‪٢،٤،٥‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﮔﻢﺗﺎﻣﺘﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪ ٧+٤٠٠‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪RMC‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪٧٤‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪١+٥٣٧‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫‪١،٢،٣،٤‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪٧٤‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﺭﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪١٠+٧٥٠‬‬ ‫‪RMC‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪٧+٤٠٠‬‬
‫ﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫‪١،٢،٤‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺗﻮﺃﻡ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪١٨+١٢٠‬‬ ‫‪RMC‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪٧٦‬‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪+٥١١‬‬
‫‪١٢‬‬
‫‪١،٣،٤‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫‪ ٣+٦٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪LMC‬‬
‫‪Part I‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪ ٠+٠٠٠‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫‪ ٧٤‬ﻭ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫‪٧٥‬‬
‫‪٢،٤،٥‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪٧٤‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪ ٣+٤٤٦‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪LMC‬‬
‫‪Part II‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪٠+٠٠٠‬‬
‫‪٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻢﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ‬
‫‪١،٣،٤‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪ ٧٣‬ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫‪ ٨+٧٣١‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪LMC‬‬
‫‪Part III‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪ ٧٤‬ﺗﻮﺃﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻛﺒﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻛﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍ‬ ‫‪٣+٤٤٦‬‬
 ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻋﻼﺝﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻧـﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎ ‪ ٥‬ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻋـﻼﺝﺑﺨﺸـﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٧‬ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻫـﺮ ﻗﺴـﻤﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬـﺎﻱ ‪ RMC‬ﻭ ‪ LMC‬ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪١‬‬
‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻛﻢ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻣـﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤـﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺑﮕﻴـﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺗـﺮﻙﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺪﻧـﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﺑﮕﻴـﺮﻱ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴـﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ٤‬ﻳﺎ ‪ ٥‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺟﺎﺑـﻪﺟـﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺸـﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷـﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﺪﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻴﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪٢‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺯﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺯﺑﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺤـﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻧـﺎﻝ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳـﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺒﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻭ ﭼﻜﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑـﻪﺟـﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻭﻃـﺮﻑ ﺗـﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔـﻲ ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻢ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺤـﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺴـﺖ ﻋـﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺗـﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻇﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻳـﻚ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﻣﮕـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ٥‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﺮﻙﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣـﺎﻟﺖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺯﺑﺮﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﺩﺭﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲﻛﻪﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﭘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻣﺤـﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺗـﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﺳﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩﻛﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﺗـﺮﻙﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺻـﻼﺡ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻧﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗـﻞ ‪ ٣٠-٥٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩﻭﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﭘﺮ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺠـﺪﺩ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳـﺰ ﻭ ﻣﻘﻄـﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹰﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑــﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬــﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻧــﻠﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗــﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻴﻬــﺎﻱ ﺣــﺎﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺏ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺭﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻒ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻗـﻞ ‪ ٣٠-٥٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻛﻒ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻻﻳﻪﻻﻳﻪ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻠﻲ )ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ١٥‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ¾‪.‬‬

‫¾‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٥٠‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺯﻳﺮﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ ٠/٥‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺯﺧﺎﻙ ﻛﻒ ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫‪ ٥‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ -٦‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃـﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﺪﺷﺖ ﻭﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪ ٤‬ﻭﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤـﻠﻬﺎ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺑﻄـﻮﺭ ﻛـﻠﻲ ﺗـﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻣـﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﺗـﺮﻙ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻊﺷﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻃـﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺴـﺖ ﭘـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳـﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔـﻲ ﺁﺭﻣـﺎﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻳـﺦﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﺗﺶ ﺳﻮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﭘﻲ ﻭ …‪.‬ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺳـﺎﺯﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﻧـﺎﺯﻙ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴـﺎﻟﻪ ﺗـﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﻠﺖ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻛﻢ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻋـﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﺪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻭ ﺣـﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺟـﺪﻱ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬـﻢﺗـﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﺩﺭﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲﺍﺯ“ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ“ ﻭ“ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻲ“ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ“‬
‫ﻳـﺦﺯﺩﮔـﻲ“ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗـﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳـﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺸـﻜﻞ ﺑـﻪﻋـﻠﺖ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﺧﺎﻙ ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺼـﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺼـﺮﻓﻲ ﺣـﺎﺩﺙ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺎﭼـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺑـﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺗـﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳـﻲ ﺧﺎﻛﻬـﺎﻱ ﺭﺳـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘـﺎﻃﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳـﺰﻱ ﻭﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻋﻤـﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻫﻚ ﺗﻮﺭﻡﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺴـﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﺎﻙ ﺭﻳـﺰ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳـﺰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﮔـﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻠﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺨﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫)ﮔﭻ ﻭﻧﻤﻚ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ )ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ(‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳـﺦ ﺯﺩﮔـﻲ‪ :‬ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺸـﺖ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻳـﺦﺯﺩﮔـﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﻳـﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺳﺮﺩﺳـﻴﺮ ﭼﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠـﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﻭﻳـﺎ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴـﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺿـﺎﻓﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﻃـﺮﺍﺣﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺩﺭﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻡ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻤﭽـﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﺎﻻﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺁﺏ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻤـﻊ ﺷـﺪﮔﻲ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺛﺮﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ )‪ : (Shrinkage‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﭘﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﺟﺮﺍﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻼﺝﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻞ‬
‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺁﺑﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺻـﻮ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﻓﻴﻠـﺘﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺣﺪﺍﻗـﻞ ‪ ٣٠-٥٠‬ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻃـﺮﺣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﺑـﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﻬـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻃـﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴـﻖﺗـﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷـﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻧﺎﻇﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷـﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽـﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼـﺎﺕ ﻓـﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣـﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺸـﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻧﭽـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺫﻛﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻗﻄﻌـﹰﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﻜـﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﻭﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﻣـﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ‬

‫ﻧﮕـﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺳﭙﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺜﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﺩﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻋﺰﺕ ﺍ… ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳـﺮ ﻓﻘﻴـﺪ ﺍﻣـﻮﺭ ﺳـﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺷـﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﻣﺸـﺎﻭﺭﻣﻬﺎﺏ ﻗﺪﺱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻤﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔـﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺷــﻨﺎﺱ ﺁﻗــﺎﻱ ﻣﻬــﻨﺪﺱ ﺭﺿــﺎ ﻗﺎﺿـﻲ ﻧﻈــﺎﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜــﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺳــﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻈــﺎﺭﺕ ﻃــﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺷﻚ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧـﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﻱ ﻏﻴـﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺎﺱ ﺑﻴﻜﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻮﻕ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
“ ‫( “ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﺑﺘـﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺻﻮﻓﻲﭼﺎﻱ‬٧٧ ‫ ﮔﻼﺑﺘﻮﻧﭽﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺝ )ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ‬-
.‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻬﺎﺏ ﻗﺪﺱ‬

-Bowles, Joseph E ,“ Foundation analysis and design ,” 3 rd ed ., McGraw- Hill London, 1982.

- ICOLD/CIGB, Contracte Dams- Control and Treatment of Cracks/ Barrages En Beton- Control Et
Traitement Des Fissures, Bulletin 107, Paris,1997.

- Neville, Adam M, “Properties of Control” , 3 rd ed ., Pitman Books Limited, 1983.

- Sherard, J,L, et al,“ some engineering problems with dispersive clays ” STM, special Technical Publication
,1983.