1

Semi-infinite opaque atmosphere

∞
H= ∫ ∫ Iν cos(ϑ ) d ω dν EDDINGTON FLUX
0 4π

dB (τ ) / dτ = 3H /(4π ) RADIATIVE EQUILIBRIUM

B (τ ) = 3H τ /(4π ) + B0 SOURCE FUNCTION
H = π  I + (τ ) − I − (τ )  SCHWARZSCHILD-MILNE EQ.

AT THE TOP I − (τ ) = 0 , τ = 0 AND AT THE BOTTOM τ = ∞ :

∞ 3
− τ′
∞ 3
τ′
H 3 3H 3 − H
= ∫ τ ′ e 2 dτ ′ + ∫ B0 e 2 dτ ′ = + B0
π 2 4π 2 2π
0 0
FROM THIS:

H
B0 = CLASSIC SOLUTION, NO
2π

DEPENDENCE ON THE BOUNDARY CONDITION - GOOD FOR STARS..

τA = 3τ A / 2 FLUX OPTICAL DEPTH

t E4 = H / σ = OLR / σ EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE
t A4 = π B (τA ) / σ STEFAN-BOLTZMAN LAW

S A = OLR (1 + τA ) / 2, t A4 = t E4 (1 + τA ) / 2 SURFACE AIR

SG = OLR (2 + τA ) / 2, tG4 = t E4 (2 + τA ) / 2 GROUND