Structure of atom

ATOM

Atom is the smallest particle of an

element which may or may not have an
independent existence i.e. can take part in a
chemical reaction or can exist in independent
form.
For Example The atoms of inert gases like helium,
krypton etc. can exist in independent form.
Atom is made up of two parts
Atom

NUCLEUS EXTRA NUCLEUS

(PROTONS+NEUTRONS) (ELECTRONS)
Atom parts
NUCLEUS

The central heavy and positively charged

part of an atom is called nucleus.
Nucleus contains positively charged protons
and chargeless neutrons.
Total mass of nucleus is called Atomic mass
Atomic mass(A)=mass of protons(P)+ mass
of neutrons(N)
PROTONS
 It is the positively charged sub-atomic part
of an atom.
 The actual mass of a proton is 1.673x10-24
 The number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom is equivalent to the number of
electrons revolving in the extra nucleus
part.
 Atomic No. (Z)=No. of Protons(P)
NEUTRON

Neutron is very small neutral sub-particle of

an atom.
It has no charge
It is represented by n
James Chadwick was the first scientist to
discover it.
EXTRA NUCLEUS
The outer part of the nucleus combines
electrons.
These revolve around the nucleus in
different circular orbits called energy levels.
The no. of electrons(e)=No. of protons(p)
Electron
Electron is the smallest ,negatively
charged, sub-atomic particle of he atom
which has unit negative charge.
Actual mass of an electron is 9.1x10-28
kg.
The mass of an electron is very small,
hence its mass is considered as negligible.
Energy levels of electrons
 Electrons with lowest energy are placed to the nucleus in
lower energy level.
 Electrons with highest energy are placed in higher energy
level.
 Energy level names starting from nucleus are : K,L,M,N ect.
Or 1,2,3,4
 Maximum no. of electrons in energy level are :2N2 ,where
N=no. of energy level.
 For example if energy level=2 then no. of electrons in 2
level are: 2 x (2)2=8
 If electrons in energy level are more than 8 then electrons
start filling from inner most shell.
Energy levels of electrons
Prepared by

 Baltej Singh
 Arvinder Singh

Class 9th A
Govt. H.S.N Sr. Sec. School Jaitu.(Distt. FDK)
Computer Faculty:- Amita Chawla
Parminder kaur
BIBILOGRAPHY
 Science book of class IX of PSEB

 Guided by Ashok Kumar Science

teacher.