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Magnetic field
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Magnetism
Since ancient times, certain materials, called magnets, have been known to have the property of attracting tiny pieces of metal. This attractive property is called magnetism.
S N

Bar Magnet
S N Fig.1

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Field Lines Between Magnets

Unlike poles Attraction

Fig. 2

Leave N and enter S

N
Like poles

N Repulsion

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Magnetic Attraction Repulsion

S S N N N S S N N S

Magnetic Forces: Like Poles Repel 4/21/12

Fig.3

Unlike Poles Attract

Surrounding a magnet, there is a magnetic field. direction of the magnetic field at any point in space is the direction indicated by the

The

north pole of a small compass needle placed at that point.

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Magnetic Field Lines

We can describe magnetic field lines by imagining a tiny compass placed at nearby points.

Fig.4
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P When

a charge is placed in an electric field, it experiences an electric force. a charge is placed in a magnetic field, it also experiences a force

P When

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DEFINITION OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD

The magnitude B of the magnetic field at any point is defined as

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SI Unit of Magnetic Field:

1 tesla newton secondT ) ( coulomb meter
v

One tesla ( T ) is the strenght of the magnetic field at a speed of one meter per second, experiences a form of one newton.

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Magnetic Flux
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The

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magnetic flux that passes through a

Eq.1

DEFINITION OF MAGNETIC FLUX

P If

either the magnitude B of the magnetic field or the angle is not constant over the surface, an average value of the product B cos

must be used to compute the flux.

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Equation 1 shows that the unit of magnetic flux is the tesla meter2( Tm2 ) unit is called a weber (Wb):

This

1Wb = tesla meter2( Tm2 ) 4/21/12

Example| Magnetic Flux

A

rectangular coil of wire is situated in a constant magnetic field whose magnitude is 0.50T. The coil has an area of 2.0m2 . Determine the magnetic flux for the three orientations,= 0,
60.0, and 90.0

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Magnetic field lines

coil
Normal

60

90

= 0

= 60

= 90

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