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Logic- the study of the criteria of acceptable inference and demonstration – isn’t
interested in whether the reasons given in support of a claim are true

Argument- a set of claims, one of which, known as the principle claim or conclusion

Conclusion- is supposed to be supported by the rest, called the premises

Premises- the premises are supposed to provide reasons for accepting the conclusion
(The relationship between arguments and issues is probably obvious: arguments are
designed to settle issues)

Fallacy- any bad argument, one in which the reasons advanced for a claim fail to warrant
its acceptance

Pseudoreasons- the inducement that erroneously leads one to accept or reject a claim is in
fact irrelevant to the truth of the claim

Smokescreen- bringing in another topic- one that many people may think of when they
consider the nuclear power issue, but one that is in fact a wholly separate matter

Red herring- another name for an irrelevant consideration brought into a discussion

Subjective fallacy- to make such a remark is not to present a reason for rejecting the
claim

Appeal to belief- when we accept other people’s opinions without such reason