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  • Minerals Are: Naturally Occurring Inorganic Crystalline Solid Chemical Elements or Chemical Compounds

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    Sonny Moua
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    Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic crystalline solids made of chemical elements or compounds. They have orderly internal arrangements of atoms in a 3-D distribution that gives them distinct external shapes and properties. Key properties like color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, and density provide clues to a mineral's internal structure and means of identification. Hardness is measured on Mohs scale and indicates a mineral's resistance to scratching, with stronger atomic bonds resulting in a higher hardness. These properties are important for understanding minerals and their various industrial, commercial, and decorative uses.

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    Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic crystalline solids made of chemical elements or compounds. They have orderly internal arrangements of atoms in a 3-D distribution that gives them distinct external shapes and properties. Key properties like color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, and density provide clues to a mineral's internal structure and means of identification. Hardness is measured on Mohs scale and indicates a mineral's resistance to scratching, with stronger atomic bonds resulting in a higher hardness. These properties are important for understanding minerals and their various industrial, commercial, and decorative uses.

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    Minerals Are: Naturally Occurring Inorganic Crystalline Solid Chemical Elements or Chemical Compounds

    Uploaded by

    Sonny Moua
    Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic crystalline solids made of chemical elements or compounds. They have orderly internal arrangements of atoms in a 3-D distribution that gives them distinct external shapes and properties. Key properties like color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, and density provide clues to a mineral's internal structure and means of identification. Hardness is measured on Mohs scale and indicates a mineral's resistance to scratching, with stronger atomic bonds resulting in a higher hardness. These properties are important for understanding minerals and their various industrial, commercial, and decorative uses.

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    of 18

    MINERALS are

    Naturally occurring inorganic crystalline solid chemical elements or

    chemical compounds.

    Crystalline solids
    Have orderly internal

    arrangements of atoms. 3-D distribution of atoms, spacing. Outer shape depends on environment.

    Mineral Properties
    Keys to I.D. Clues to internal structure.

    Color
    Unreliable

    - variable. Controlled by trace element impurities (Fe, Ti, Mn etc. ).

    Quartz - mineral of many colors

    Streak
    Streak

    = color of powdered mineral.

    Luster
    Measure of light transmitted

    through a substance Metallic Non-metallic

    Hardness
    Resistance of a mineral to being abraded (scratched). Stronger the atomic bonds, the harder the mineral. Mohs Hardness Scale.

    Mohs Relative Hardness Scale


    1 Talc 2 Gypsum 3 Calcite 4 Fluorite 5 Apatite 6 Feldspar 7 Quartz 8 Topaz 9 Corundum

    Practical Fingernail 2.5 Copper 3.1 Steel Nail 5.4 Window Glass 5.5 Streak Plate 6

    Breaking of a Mineral
    Fracture

    = irregular breaks =

    Atomic bonds equally strong in all directions.

    Breaking of a Mineral
    Cleavage = breaks along regular

    planes, means planes of weak

    atomic bonds in structure.

    Density
    Density = mass divided by volume. Depends on:

    Particular atoms in mineral Packing.

    Composition of Earths Crust

    See class notes or text p. 44

    Uses of Minerals

    Ores and Tenor

    See class notes

    GEMS
    Beauty

    Color Pattern Brilliance Light play

    GEMS
    Beauty Durability

    Hardness Cleavage, fracture

    GEMS
    Beauty Durability Size Scarcity

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