MRI in Practice Second edition CATHERINE WESTBROOK Ms&, DCR, CTC Training and Education Manager for HealthSouth (UK) ple AND CAROLYN KAUT RT\R)(MR) Director, Technologist Continuing Education Programme Hospital University of Pennsylvania Blackwell Science© 1993, 1998 by Blackwell Science Ltd Exitorial Offices: Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 OEL 25 John Street, London WCIN 2BL 23 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh EH3 6A 350 Main Street, Malden MA 02148 5018, USA 54 University Street, Carlton Victoria 3053, Australia 10, rue Casimir Delavigne 75006 Paris, France Other Editorial Offices: Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH Kurfirstendamm 57 10707 Berlin, Germany Blackwell Science KK MG Kodenmacho Building 7-10 Kodenmacho Nihombashi_ Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan ‘The right of the Author to be identified as the Author ofthis Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form. or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 1993 Reprinted 1994 (four times). 1995, Second edition published 1998 Reprinted 1999 (twice), 2000 Set in 10/12pt Souvenir by DP Photosetting, Aylesbury, Bucks Printed and bound in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge The Blackwell Science logo is a trade mark of Blackwell Science Ltd, registered at the United Kingdom Trade Marks Registry DISTRIBUTORS. Marston Book Services Ltd PO Box 269 Abingdon Oxon OX14 4YN (Orders: Tel: 01235 465500 Fax: 01235 465555) usa Blackwell Science, Ine. Commerce Place 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148 5018 (Orders: Tel: 800 759 6102 781 388 8250 Fax: 781 388 8255) Canada Login Brothers Book Company 324 Saulteaux Crescent Winnipeg, Manitoba R3J 372 (Orders: Tel: 202 837 2987 Fax: 202 837 3116) Australia Blackwell Science Pty Ltd 54 University Street Carlton, Victoria 3053 (Orders: Tel: 03 9347 0300 Fax: 03 9347 5001) ‘A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 0-632-04205-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Westbrook, Catherine, MRI in practice/Catherine Westbrook and Carolyn Kaut —2nd ed. Dom. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-632-04205-2 (pbk) 1 Magnetic resonance imaging. I. Kaut, Carolyn. I. Title (DNLM: 1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging—methods. 2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging — instrumentation. WN 185 W523m_ 1998] RC78.7.N83W48 1998 616.07°548—de21 DNLM/DLC. for Library of Congress. 97-45782 cP For further information on Blackwell Science, visit our website: ‘www. blackwell-science.comContents Foreword Preface Acknowledgements 1 2 10 11 12 Basic Principles Image Weighting and Contrast Encoding and Image Formation Parameters and Trade-offs Pulse Sequences Flow Phenomena Artefacts and Their Compensation Vascular and Cardiac Imaging Instrumentation and Equipment MRI Safety Contrast Agents in MRI Advanced Imaging Techniques Glossary UK versus US Spelling Further Reading Answers to Questions Index vil 17 47 81 104 141 158 183 ral) 233 ys 276 301 307 308 315 319