ALDEHYDES AND KETONES Test SCHIFFS TEST Specific Purpose of the Test Test for aldehydes Principle Involved

RedOx reaction; Leucosulfunic acid is unstable and loses sulfurous acid when treated with an aldehyde, resulting to a violet-purple quinoid dye Equations

(nasa baba, Shriner, ang sa taas, nakita ko lang sa mga files dito)

Visible Results Aldehydes => violet purple color (+) with characteristic blue cast Ketones => faint color (-) since no characteristic blue cast Species Responsible

QUINOID DYE Disposal Neutralize with Sodium Carbonate, dilute with 10-15mL H20 => sink Other details Reacts more with aldehydes Reagent should not be heated and solution should not be alkaline Regeneration of pink color of fuchsin Is not enough; needs to have blue cast bordering on a violet or purple Reagents and Special Treatments Schiffs Reagent (bis-N-sulfinic acid of p-rosaline hydrochloride) aka fuchsin-aldehyde reagent or Leucosulfonic acid To prepare: dissolve 0.05 g of certified basic fuchsin (4-rosaline hydrochloride) 50 mLDW + 2mL saturated sodium bisulfate solution Sit for 1 h + 1mL HCl, stand overnight => colorless reagent and sensitive Test IODOFORM TEST FOR METHYL KETONES Specific Purpose of the Test Presence of methyl ketones Principles Involved Iodination, Hydrolysis, Substitution reaction, cleavage Equations

Visible Results Formation of yellow foul-smelling precipitate Species Responsible CHI3 (iodoform)

Disposal Add drops of acetone to destroy unreacted I2-KI solution until the liquid remains yellow Remove Iodoform by suction filtration, => halogenated waste Filtrate => sink Other details 1. Removal of proton from alpha poition to give an enolate ion (stabilized by anion with considerable proportion of charge on O 2. Enol/enoloate combine with halogen (I) to give alpha haloketone 3. Formation of trihaloketone since other Hs are made more acidic by e- attaching effect of halogen 4. Easily attacked by base at the C-C bond Reagents and Special Treatments 10% NaOH, I2-KI Solution, heated to 60oC