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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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i)

State the function of each part of the leaf with respect to photosynthesis and identify the part of chloroplast Explain leaf adaptation to optimise photosynthesis Explain how plants from different habitats are adapted to carry photosynthesis
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i)

i)

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Cuticle

Upper epider mis LEA F Lower epider mis

Palisad e mesop hyll Spongy mesop hyll

Guar d cell

Stom ata

Vascula r bundle Xyle 4/22/12 m Phloe m

FUNCTION AND ADAPTATON

1)Cuticle
-

Waterproof=prevent excessive water loss Transparent=light pass through

2)Upper epidermis
-

Thin n transparent=light reach chloroplast

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3) Palisade mesophyll - arrangement=receive maximum amount of light

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Active cell= choloroplast move within the cell

4) Spongy mesophyll
-

Irregular shape= increase internal surface for gaseous exchange

area

Large air 4/22/12 spaces= water and CO2

5) Vascular bundle Xylem=transport mineral and water to the leaf Phloem= transport product of photosynthesis away from leaf 6) Lower epidermis 6.1) Guard cells=opening and closing of stomata 6.2) Stomata=allow exchange of 4/22/12 gases

Adaptation of plant from different habitat

Habitat

type of plant Mesophytes Hydrophytes Xerophytes hydrophytes

Land Water Desert In

the water

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Adaptation of plant from different habitat

1)Land plants
1.1)

Tropical area

-stomata at lower epidermis -chloroplast in palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll maximum absorption of sunlight
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1.2)Floating

plants

-stomata

found in upper epidermis covered with thick waxy cuticle to repel water and keep stomata open on upper epidermis for maximum absorption of 4/22/12 sunlight

-chloroplast

2) Desert plants
Stomata -few stomata to prevent excessive loss of water -stomata along stem -some cacti open their stomata at night which is cooler - Some shrubs embedded stomata 4/22/12 to reduce water loss

Chloroplast

-stem perform photosynthesis since cacti have reduced leaves and most leaves modified become thorn -hence chloroplast found all over the plant, thorn and stems green in colour
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3) Aquatic plants
Submerged aquatic plants -stomata not found on leaves -chloroplast found all over the surface for maximize the absorption f sunlight -important 4/22/12 because the low

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