Kontinuitas kehidupan Didasarkan atas reproduksi sel atau pembelahan sel

Semua organisme kompleks berasal dari a single fertilized egg

Melalui pembelahan sel, jumlah sel meningkat Sel kemudian terspesialisasi dan berubah menjadi fungsinya masing2

Pembelahan Sel (Reproduksi Sel)

Amitosis : - Pembelahan sel secara langsung - terjadi pada sel prokaryot (bakteri, alga biru) - sel anak sama dengan sel induk Mitosis : - Pembelahan sel melalui beberapa tahap (prophase, metaphase, anaphase dan telophase), - terjadi pada sel tubuh/Somatik - sel anak sama dengan sel induk Meiosis : - pembelahan sel melalui beberapa tahap (prophase, metaphase, anaphase dan telophase) - terjadi pada sel gamet (spermatogenesis, oogenesis)
- sel anak bersifat haploid (setengah dari kromosom Induk)

SIKLUS SEL

Siklus sel terdiri dari Mitotic phase Interphase

INTERPHASE

G1

S (DNA synthesis)

Interphase G1 phase S phase G2 phase

G2

Figure 12.5

The mitotic phase

mitosis cytokinesis

Interphase G1 phase Primary cell growth phase S phase DNA replication G2 phase Microtubule synthesis Mitosis Nuclear division Cytokinesis Cytoplasmic division

The Cell Cycle Control System

The sequential events of the cell cycle

G1 checkpoint

Are directed by a distinct cell cycle control system, which is similar to a clock

Control system G1 G2

M checkpoint Figure 12.14 G2 checkpoint

The clock has specific checkpoints

Where the cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is received

G0
G1 checkpoint

G1
(a) If a cell receives a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, the cell continues on in the cell cycle.

G1
(b) If a cell does not receive a go-ahead signal at the G1checkpoint, the cell exits the cell cycle and goes into G0, a nondividing state.

Figure 12.15 A, B