VC BookExample

Visual
C++
C++ Never Die

A Language for High Performance Computing
Programming
:
with Visual C++

Microsoft Visual C++
C++

TIMER
C P U
C/C++

SDI MDI

TIMER
Thread

ISBN
VC 6
VS 2003
VS 2005

Visual C++
.
Visual C++

?

C
C
?
C + + C
C++

Visio C
C++ 2
C++
C ++
C++ C++

CVSSP
(
) Face Verification Competition on the
XM2VTS Database 2003
http://www.face -rec.org/
2005
Who is Who in the World Who is Who in Science and Engineering (
) 30

II
Visual C++
(Hungarian Notation)
int
nID
char
ch
chMessage
float
fl
flCurrency
double
dSalary
unsigned
uCode
long
lMoney
BOOL
bIsDraw
WORD
wSize
DWORD
dw
dwError
(Pointer)
pButtonOK
m_
m_nID
sz
szName
wnd
wndButtonName
Name
m_pszName
III
C++
C++ C+
+
C++

nTotal int

Visual C++
(Memory Leak)
Microsoft Visual C++

Visual C++

/
C++
C ++
C++ C++
_tmain
IV
_tmain wmain _UNICODE

Unicode
_tmain main _UNICODE
Visual C++
/
Unicode
2 Ascii 1 Visual
C++ Unicode
_TCHAR
char
CHAR
typedef char CHAR;
TCHAR
#ifdef UNICODE
typedef WCHAR TCHAR;
#else
typedef char TCHAR;
#endif
LPVOID
typedef void *LPVOID;
LPCSTR
typedef __nullterminated CONST CHAR *LPCSTR;
PCSTR
typedef CONST CHAR *PCSTR;
PSTR
typedef CHAR *PSTR;
PVOID
typedef void *PVOID;
LPSTR
typedef CHAR *LPSTR;
BYTE
typedef unsigned char BYTE;
DWORD
typedef unsigned long DWORD;
CALLBACK
#define CALLBACK __stdcall
HANDLE
typedef PVOID HANDLE;
HDC
typedef HANDLE HDC;
HWND
typedef HANDLE HWND;
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
_T( )

Visual C++
1 2551
sanun@mut.ac.th
Microsoft Visual C++ Microsoft Corporation

.. 2537

1 .. 2551 500

51 10530
02-9883655, 02-9883666 () 02-9883687
ISBN: 978-974-8242-37-8
VI

Visual C++
Visual C++

Visual C++
C/C++
Visual C++

Visual C++ Visual C++
Visual C++

(Commercial Application) Visual C++
. , 2551
VII
Visual C++

(First Edition)
8
Visual C++

1 C C++
void*
2 this

3

4 /
/

5 C D C

6 TIMER
WM_TIMER
7

C++
C ++
C++ C++
8

http://www.cpe.mut.ac.th
VIII
Visual C++
IX
C++
C++ C+
+
C++

..

Visual C++
C++
C++
C++ C++
Part I: Basic Idea & Concept
1 C++
1.1 C++
1.2 C++
1.3 C C++
1.4 C++
1.5
1.6 (Reference Variable)
1.7 (Double Indirection)
1.8 C++
1.8.1 (Function)
1.8.2
1.8.3
1.8.4 (Pass by Value)
1.8.5 (Pass by Reference)
1.8.6 (Pass using Pointer)
1.8.7 (Function Pointers)
1.8.8 (Inline Function)
1.8.9 (Overloading Function)
1.8.10 void (void*)
2 C++
45
2.1
2.2
2.3
X
2
3
4
5
8
16
18
22
23
24
25
25
27
29
30
37
40
41
46
48
56
Visual C++
2.4 (Default Constructor)
59
2.5 (Overloading Constructors)
61
2.6 new
63
2.7
65
2.8 this
70
2.9
72
2.10 (Friend Class and Function)
73
2.11 (Class Relationship)
75
2.11.1 (Inheritance)
76
2.11.2
79
2.12
88
2.13
90
2.14 (Virtual Function)
93
2.15 (Abstract Base Class)
96
99
100
105
107
107
108
109
110
115
117
119
129
XI
C++
C++ C+
+
C++
3 Visual C++
3.1
3.2 (Handler Pattern)
3.2.1 (The Headless Handlers Pattern)
3.2.2
3.2.3 (Event Queue)
3.2.4 (Messaging Systems)
3.3
(Object-Oriented Event Driven Programming)
3.3.1 (Message and Event)
3.4
3.4.1 Win32 MFC
3.4.2 (The Message Map)
Visual C++
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
135
138
141
4 /
149
4.1 SDI
4.2 /
4.3 /
4.3.1 (Role of the Document)
4.3.2 (Role of the View)
4.3.3 (Role of Frame Windows)
4.3.4
4.3.5 ID
4.4 / (Document/View Creation)
4.5 (The Document Object)
4.6 SDI MDI
4.7 (The View Object)
4.7.1
4.7.2 CView
4.7.3
4.7.4
4.8 (The Frame Window Object)
4.9 (Command Routing)
150
154
155
155
157
157
158
165
166
167
174
175
180
182
183
186
190
193
C++
C++
C++ C++
Part II: Displaying & Processing Tools
5
5.1
5.2
XII
197
198
201
C++
XIII
C++ C+
+
C++
Visual C++
5.2.1 CPaintDC
203
5.2.2 CClientDC CWindowDC
205
5.3 OnDraw
207
5.4
210
5.5 CDC
211
5.5.1
211
5.5.2 (Pixel manipulation)
212
5.5.3
214
5.5.4
218
5.5.5
219
5.5.6 GDI
224
5.5.7 GDI
225
5.5.8 (Pen)
227
5.5.9 (Stock Object)
230
5.5.10 (Brush)
231
5.5.11
235
5.5.12
236
5.5.12.1
238
5.5.12.2
239
5.5.12.3
239
5.5.12.4
240
5.6
242
5.7
244
5.8 (Drawing Mode)
245
5.9 (Mapping Mode)
248
5.9.1 (Windows and Viewports)
250
5.9.2
251
5.9.3
252
Visual C++
5.9.4 (Coordinate Conversion)
5.9.5
254
254
6 TIMER
259
6.1 TIMER
6.2
6.3 WM_TIMER
6.4
6.5
6.5.1
6.5.2
6.5.3
6.5.4
6.5.5
6.5.6
C++
C++
C++ C++
7
7.1
7.2
7.3 (Creating Worker Thread)
7.3.1
7.4 (Creating User Interface Thread)
7.4.1
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9 CWinThread
XIV
260
261
266
270
272
273
300
301
302
303
304
307
308
314
316
318
327
329
340
340
341
342
343
Visual C++
7.10
344
7.11 (Thread Synchronization)
345
7.11.1 Critical Sections
346
7.11.2 Mutexes
348
7.11.3 Events
348
7.11.4 Semaphores
350
7.11.5 CSingleLock CMulitLock
351
7.11.6
351
7.11.7 (Thread Safe)
352
7.12
354
372
374
378
379
380
380
381
382
383
385
386
386
387
388
389
390
XV
C++
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.4.1 (Flynn's Taxonomy)
8.4.1.1 (Single Instruction Single Data-SISD)
8.4.1.2 (Single Instruction Multiple Data-SIMD)
8.4.1.3 (Multiple Instruction Single Data Stream-MISD)
8.4.1.4 (Multiple Instruction Multiple Data-MIMD)
8.5
8.6
8.6.1 (Decomposition)
8.6.1.1 (Data Parallelism)
8.6.1.2 (Task Parallelism)
8.6.2 (Amdahls Law)
8.6.2.1 (Scaling and Speedup)
371
C++ C+
+
C++
392
392
393
396
396
398
405
412
429
438
C++
C++
C++ C++
Visual C++
8.6.2.2 N
8.6.3
8.6.3.1 (Mutual Exclusion and Locks)
8.7
8.7.1
8.7.2 PI
8.7.3
8.7.4
XVI
Chapter

C++
1
C++
C++

void
* &
Part I
1 C++
1.1 C++

C++

C++
C++
C++ C++

C C++
Visual C++ (Compiler)

/ (Document/View)

Visual C++
(Microsoft Foundation Class-MFC)
/

1 C++
C C++ C++ C++
void*

2
1 C++
/
2 GDI
TIMER

C++
C++ [1]
C++

C++ Bjarne Stroustrup 1979
(C with Classes) C++ 1983
C++

C++

C++ 1998 ISO/IEC
14882:1998 C++ ISO/IEC 14882:2003
C++
C++ C++
C C
C C++ C++
(Compiler)

Visual C++
C C++ C++
C (Structure)
C
C++ C+
+
C ++
1.2 C++
1 C++

myRectangle.Left = 100;
myRectangle.Top = 20;
myRectangle.Right = 200;
myRectangle.Bottom = 400;
C++
C++

myRectangle.Width();

Visio C++

(Class) (Encapsulation) (Inheritance)
(Polymorphism) (Overloading Function)

C++
C++
C++ C++
1.3 C C++
C
C
C++
C++ C C
4
1 C++
C++ C
C++
C
C
C
C new delete malloc() free()
C &
C C++ ()
int, double, char, float

#include, #define
if, while, do, for
+ - * / = == != < > += ++ --
C++
C++
C++
C C++
C C
Visual C++
Visual C++
(Multi-Tasking)
Visual C++ MFC
Win32
C++ Visual C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
1.4 C++
1 C++
C C
C++
C C++ C++
C C
Visual C++ /
C++

C++ Visual C++
.exe Visual C++
C++ JDK Visual C++

Paintbrush

C++
C++
C++ C++
C++
C++ C

C

C C++
C++

[2]
p = (int *)malloc( 10 * sizeof(int) );
6
1 C++
if( p != NULL) {
}
NULL 0 if( p != NULL)
if( p != 0 ) C C++

0
0
C C++
if( p != NULL ) if( p )

if( p = (int *)malloc( 10 * sizeof(int) ) ) {
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
malloc p ( p
) p NULL if
malloc
p if

1 C++

(Message)

Visual C++

(Exception Handling)
C++ try catch throw
t r y { .. . }
(NULL pointer exception) (Throw) (Catch)
c a t c h
C++

1.5
C++
C++
C++ C++
C C++
(Pointer) C++

Available Memory = Physical Memory + Virtual Memory
1 C++
= +

(Segment)

(General Protection Faults)
(Unrecoverable Application Errors)

1-1
(Stack)
(
)
(Heap)

C++
Block Started by
Symbol/
1-1
C++ C+
+
C ++
BSS
1 C++

(First in, Last out)

(R e t u r n
Address)

(Local Variable)

(Call
Stack)
(Execution Stack) (Control Stack) (Function
Stack) (Run-Time Stack)
1-2
(Call Stack Layout)
(Return Address)
(Return Address)
C++
C++
C++ C++
.
.

10
1 C++

(Recursive Function) 1-2 A
B A
B A A

(Unload)

11
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
1 C++
)
(Dynamic Data Structure)
malloc free C new delete C++

(Run Time)
1-3
(Logical
Memory Model)
A
A

1000000
main
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) {
C++
C++
C++ C++
int A[1000000];
}
1-4
12
1 C++
1-4
* ;
int* a;
a
int
malloc.h
malloc()
void *malloc( size_t size );
(int *) void*
13
C++
a = (int *)malloc( 10 * sizeof(int) );
C++ C+
+
C ++
m a l l o c ( )
void* ( void* )
int* float*
(Explicit Type Casting)
1 C++
int* int* void*
malloc 0 (NULL) malloc
size byte
x
C++ new
malloc
a = new int[10];
10 int
a
*(a + 1) a[1]
1 1 int 4 1
1 4
a a 1

malloc new

1-5
0F005A
0F005A
C++
C++
C++ C++
10
( )

a = new int(10);
int* a;
1-5 int a
int* a int
14
1 C++
a int
a = new int(10);
a a

1900*1200 2,280,000
unsigned char* p;
p = new unsigned char[1900 * 1200];
p unsigned char *
1900*1200

1-5

1-1 NewVector
int *NewVector(int n) {
int *tmp, i;
if( !(tmp = new int[n]) ) {
printf("Not enough memory to allocate buffer\n");
return NULL;
}
for(i=0; i<n; i++) {
tmp[i] = i;
return tmp;
}
15
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
1 C++
void DeleteVector(int *v) {
delete v;
}
#define N 10
int *v1, *v2, i;
v1 = NewVector(N);
v2 = NewVector(N);
for(i=0; i<N; i++) {
printf("v1[%d] x v2[%d] = %d\n", i, i, (v1[i]*v2[i]) );
}
printf("Press any key to deallocate pointer!\n");
DeleteVector(v1);
DeleteVector(v2);
return 0;
}
1-1 NewVector

NewVector int
C++
C++
C++ C++
1.6 (Reference Variable)

C++ ( C)
&

16
1 C++
& = lvalue;

(lvalue) a x[i]
*ptr

int b = 10;
int& a = b;
b a
a (A l i a s
Name) b

int& wrong = 200;
int& opt = (2 + 3 - 5);

int& ref;
int c = 20;
c rc
17
C++
int& ref

ra = c c ra
C++ C+
+
C ++
ra = c;
1 C++

1-6
1-6
int a = 10;
int& x = a;
a
x
10
C + +

1.7 (Double Indirection)

C++
C++
C++ C++
int A[1000][1000];

(D i r e c t
Access) &x
x 20
ptr (*ptr) x x
(Indirect) ptr * *ptr ptr
ptr x x
18
1 C++
int x = 20;
x
ptr
int* ptr=NULL;
int** pptr = new int*;
p &x
*pptr ptr
ptr = &x;
*pptr = ptr;
printf("x=%d, *ptr=%d, **pptr=%d\n", x, *ptr, **pptr);

printf("&x=%p, ptr=%p, *pptr=%p\n", &x, ptr, *pptr);
(Double Pointer)
** ;
**
*pptr = ptr *pptr ptr
x
**pptr
1-7

double** A = new double[1000][1000];

19
C++
*ptr
x
x *ptr
x **pptr
C++ C+
+
C ++
1 C++
1-7
20
x
pptr
ptr
20
*ptr
*pptr
20
**pptr

**

float** A;
( R x C)

A = new float*[R];
new
C++
C++
C++ C++
A = (float **) malloc((unsigned) (R)*sizeof(float *));
malloc

1-8
20
1 C++
A[0]
A = new float*[R];
1-8
1
A[R-1]

for (int y=0; y<R; y++) {
A[y] = new float[C];

A[y] = (float *) malloc((unsigned) (C)*sizeof(float));
if (!A[y]) {
printf("Cant allocate memory for mat[%d]", y);
}
}

A[y] A[y]
1-9
A[R-1]
21
C++
A[0][C-1]
1-9
C++ C+
+
C ++
A[0]
A[y] = new float[C];

A[0][0]
1 C++

1-2
R+1
1-2
double** newMatrix(int R, int C) {
double* tmp = new double[R*C];
double** M = new double*[R];
for(int y=0; y<R; y++) {
M[y] = tmp + (y * C);
for(int x=0; x<C; x++)
M[y][x] = 0.0;
R*C

R
M[y] tmp + (y * C) y
C
}
return M;
}
1-2 double* tmp = new
double[R*C] R*C tmp
double** M = new double*[R]
t m p C
tmp + (y * C) y tmp C
C++
C++
C++ C++
1.8 C++
C++

22
1 C++

void (void *)

1.8.1 (Function)

(Local Variable)

1-10
1-10

(Header) (Body)

{ }
return_type function_name(type arg1, type arg2, )
23
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
return_type
function_name
type arg1
1 C++
1.8.2
C C++

;
int factorial(int n);

#include
1-3
int fac(int n);

printf("%d\n", fac(5));
return 0;
}
int fac(int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 1;
}
else {
return n * fac(n - 1);
C++
C++
C++ C++
}
}
1-3
24
1 C++
m a i n

1.8.3

(Compile Time)

fac(5);
fac 5 5
n ( 1-3 ) fac
C + +
(By Value) (By Reference)
(Pointer)
25
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
1.8.4 (Pas by Value)
1 C++
1-4
int cube(int d) {
d = d * d * d;
return d;
}
int x=3,y;
x
x
y = cube(x);
printf("x=%d, y=%d", x, y);
return 0;
}
cube cube
(Stack Frame) (Push)
(Pop) cube(x)
x d cube d
x x d
1-4 y 27 x 3
1-11
C++
C++
C++ C++
1-11
cube
3
x
d
cube

26
1 C++
void setFlag(bool bFlag = true) {
}
setFlag(false)
bFlag = false setFlag()
bFlag = true
Visual C++
1.8.5 (Pass by Reference)
10
20
1-12

27
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
C++
&

1-5 &
swapnum(a, b)
& i j swapnum
a b
1-12
1 C++
1-5
void swapnum(int &i, int &j);
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
swapnum(a, b);
printf("A is %d and B is %d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}
void swapnum(int &i, int &j) {
int temp = i;
i = j;
j = temp;
}
i a j b

int& maxint(int& x, int& y) {
return (x>y ? x : y);
maxint

}
int a = 10, b = 20 ;
maxint(a, b) = 15 ;
C++
C++
C++ C++
maxint(a, b) += 10;
maxint(a, b)++;
maxint
maxint(a, b) = 15 b 15 maxint(a, b)++
28
1 C++

& *

1.8.6 (Pass using Pointer)

C C + +

1-6
void Inc(int *a);
int x=1;
Inc(&x);
printf("x=%d\n", x);
return 0;
}
void Inc(int *a) {
(*a)++;
29
C++
a x (*a)++ a
x
C++ C+
+
C ++
1 C++

1-13
1-13
x
10
Addr: 1000
Inc( &x );
void Inc(int *a) {
(*a)++;
}
1.8.7 (Function Pointers)
C++
C++
C++ C++

C++

C + +

(* ) ( );
int (*func)(int, int);

30
1 C++
(*func) int int
2 (*func)
int int 2
typedef

typedef float (*FL_FUNC)(float, float);

FL_FUNC fn1;
fn1 FL_FUNC fn1
NULL

31
C++
C++
(Late Binding)
(Callback Function)

C++

(
)
C++ C+
+
C ++
FL_FUNC fn1 = NULL;
1 C++

&
&

( )
int average(int x, int y) {
return ((x+y)/2.0);
}
func = &average;
&
func = average;
func average
& &

(* )( );

( );
C++
C++
C++ C++
int res = (*func)(10, 22);

res = func(20, 5);
average
(*func)

32
1 C++
d o I t ( )
()
doIt() doIt()
d o I t ( )

s w i t ch - c as e
switch-case 1-7
switch-case
1-7 switch-case
float Plus(float a, float b) {
printf("do Plus Operator\n");
return a + b;
}
float Minus(float a, float b) {
printf("do Minus Operator\n");
return a - b;
}
float Multiply(float a, float b) {
printf("do Multiply Operator\n");
return a * b;
}
float Divide(float a, float b) {
return a / b;
}
33
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
printf("do Divide Operator\n");
1 C++
void doOperatorSelection(float a, float b, char opCode) {
float result;
switch(opCode) { // execute operation
case '+' :
result = Plus(a, b);
break;
case '-' :
result = Minus(a, b);
break;
case '*' :
result = Multiply(a, b);
break;
case '/' :
result = Divide(a, b);
break;
}
printf("(%.2f, %.2f) = %.2f\n", a, b, result);
}
printf("running a doOperatorSelection\n");
doOperatorSelection(2, 5,'+');

doOperatorSelection
return 0;
C++
C++
C++ C++
}
1-7 switch-case opCode
opCode + Plus opCode /
Divide
switch-case
34
1 C++

doOperatorSelection 2
void callPointer2Func(float (*pt2Func)(float, float), float a, float b) {

float result = pt2Func(a, b); // call using function pointer
printf("(%.2f, %.2f) = %.2f\n", a, b, result);
}
(*pt2Func) callPointer2Func
callPointer2Func

callPointer2Func(Divide, 2, 5);
D i v i d e ( )
callPointer2Func
Divide (*pt2Func)
Divide pt2Func(a, b)
Divide 1-14
float Divide(float a, float b) {
printf("do Divide Operator\n");
return a/b;
}
ADDR: 0041104B
1-14
(*pt2Func)
Divide
void callPointer2Func(float (*pt2Func)(float, float), float a, float b) {

float result = pt2Func(a, b);
}
35
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
callPointer2Func(Divide, 2, 5);
1 C++
1-14 callPointer2Func(Divide, 2, 5) (*pt2Func)
0041104B () Divide
p t2 Fu n c(a, b )
0041104B Divide

switch-case

1-8
void doUpper(char* ch, int num) {
for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {

if(ch[i]>=0x61&&ch[i]<=0x7A)
ch[i] -= 0x20;
}
}
void doLower(char* ch, int num) {
for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {

if(ch[i]>=0x41&&ch[i]<=0x5A)
ch[i] += 0x20;
}
}
void doWordProcessing(void (*func)(char* ch, int num)) {
(*func)
char ch[]={'M','a','H','a','N','a','K','o','R','n', '\0'};

func(ch, sizeof(ch) / sizeof(ch[0]));
printf("%s\n", ch);
C++
C++
C++ C++
}
doWordProcessing(doUpper);
}
36
doUpper
1 C++
1-8 (Word Processing)

doWordProcessing

switch-case
1-8
(*func)
doWordProcessing
doUpper doUpper
doWordProcessing
doWordProcessing(doUpper);

doWordProcessing(doLower);

doSpelling doWordProcessing

doWordProcessing(doSpelling);
(Execution Code)

37
C++
1.8.8 (Inline Function)
C++ C+
+
C ++
Visual C++

1 C++
(Caller)

1-15

main()
func_called()
func_called()
func_called()
func_called_duty
func_called_duty
func_called_duty
func_called()
1-15 main() func_called()

func_called()

C++
inline
inline int MAX(int a, int b) {
return (a>b ? a : b);
C++
C++
C++ C++
}
inline

1-16 func_called (Linker)
( func_called_duty) func_called()
38
1 C++
main()
func_called()
func_called_duty
func_called_duty
func_called_duty
1-16
inline
func_called()
func_called_duty
func_called_duty
func_called_duty
func_called()
func_called_duty
func_called_duty
func_called_duty

C C++

int MIN(int a, int b) {
return (a<b ? a : b);

}

#define MIN(a, b) (a<b ? a : b)
MIN(a, b) (a<b ? a : b)
printf(minimum is %d, MIN(10, 5));
39
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
(Preprocessor)
printf(minimum is %d, (10<5 ? 10 : 5));
1 C++

1.8.9 (Overloading Function)

C++

(Signature Function)

int power(int a, int n) {
int ans = 1;
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
ans *= a;
return ans;
}
C++
C++
C++ C++
a n int
double

double power(double a, double n) {
double ans = 1.0;
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
40
1 C++
ans *= a;
return ans;
}
power int double

int power(int a, int n);

int power(int a, unsigned n);
int power(int a, short n);
double power(float a, int n);
double power(double a, int n);
double power(int a, float n);

41
C++

i n t * i n t * v o i d *
v o i d *
void (void *) (Universal Type)
C++ C+
+
C ++
1.8.10 void (void *)
1 C++
void* p;
int* a;
p = a;
a = (int *)p;
void
int
p a
a p int *
void

( )
(Genericness)
1-9
typedef int (*END_FN)(void* any, int index);
int arblen(void* any, END_FN is_end) {
int len = 0;
while( !is_end(any, len) )len++;
return len;
}
int int_end(int* a, int i) {
return (a[i] == -1);
}
int str_end(char* a, int i) {
return (a[i] == '\0');
}
char a[ ] = "abcdefg";
C++
C++
C++ C++
int b[ ]={0,1,2,3,4,-1};
int len = arblen(a, END_FN(str_end)); printf("length of string is %d\n", len);
len = arblen(b, END_FN(int_end));
}
42
printf("length of int array is %d\n", len);
1 C++
1-9
int char float

arblen
arblen (Generic Function) is_end

\0 char -1
int arblen is_end

arblen void*

arblen

( )
END_FN(str_end) str_end END_FN
void* int
43
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
d*)
voi
1 C++

1. C++ C
2. if
int a = 0;
if( a = 0) printf("a=%d", a);
3.
4.
5. malloc a = (int *)malloc(...)
6.
int *a;
a = (int *)malloc(10*sizeof(int));

7. (Double Pointer)
8.

C++
C++
C++ C++
9.
10. void*
44
Chapter
C++
2
new, this, static, friend

2 C++
2.1

C++

C++
C++
C++ C++

(Procedure Oriented Decomposition)

(Language of Problem)
(Language of Computer)

46
47
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++

(Object
-Oriented Decomposition)
(Data Hiding)

public (Public Interface)

(Encapsulation)

C++

C++

Win32 ( )
MFC ()

2 C++
2.2

integer float char double

C++

typedef enum
[3]
C
class
public:
public
C++
C++ C++
C++
...
...
private:
private
...
...
};
48
CImage
(Class Declaration)
classname.h
class
2 C++
C (
Visual C++)
class CMyClass {
int x;
float r = 2.35;
};

(
)
49
C++
(Class Tag)

( )

( )

C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++
(Header File) .h
.c p p .c p p
(Implementation)
:: ( ) {

}

(Class Implementation)
classname.cpp

2-1 CEmployee
CEmployee
4
2-1
class CEmployee {
public:
CEmployee(string theName, float thePayRate);
string getName() const;
float getPayRate() const;
float pay(float hoursWorked) const;
private:
string name;
float payRate;
};
C++
C++
C++ C++
CEmployee::CEmployee(string theName, float thePayRate) {

name = theName;
payRate = thePayRate;
}
50
const
2 C++
string CEmployee::getName() const {
return name;
}
float CEmployee::getPayRate() const {
return payRate;
}
float CEmployee::pay(float hoursWorked) const {
return hoursWorked * payRate;

}
int _tmain(int argc, TCHAR* argv[], TCHAR* envp[]) {
CEmployee empl("John Burke", 25.0);
cout << "For Employee:" << endl;
cout << "Name: " << empl.getName().c_str() << endl;
cout << "Pay: " << empl.pay(40.0) << endl;
}
private
p r i v a t e

public
public
51
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++

private protected public [4]
2 C++
protected
protected

C + +
private
protected protected

public public
2-1
2-1

private protected
public
private:
public:
private
protected
protected:
protected:
public:
C++
C++
C++ C++
private
private
private (
(friend) ) public
52
2 C++
private nSalary
private public
nSalary getSalary setSalary
nSalary (Data Validation and
Integrity) private

(
)
p u b l i c

private

private
private (get set)
private
(Accessor)
getDate
(Mutator) setPayRate
(Constructor)
53
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++
public public
p u b l i c

private protected friend
private protected
friend
2-1
public protected
public
2-1

public
protected
private

;
* = new ;
C++
C++
C++ C++

new

54
(Instantiation)
(Initialization)
2 C++

CEmployee empl

.
pay 40.0 empl

CEmployee
2-2
public:
CEmployee()
getName()
getPayRate()
pay()
private:
name
payRate
empl("John Burke", 25.0);

private:
name
payRate
public:
CEmployee(string theName, float thePayRate)
getName()
getPayRate()
pay(float hoursWorked)
empl.pay(40.0)
55
C++
2-2 ()
CEmployee public
private CEmployee empl("John Burke", 25.0)
e m p l
CEmployee
C++ C+
+
C ++
empl.payRate = 10;
2 C++
"John Burke" theName
name pay empl empl.pay(40.0)
empl CEmployee
private
empl.payRate = 10
payRate
2.3

balance
interest_rate CBankAccount
class CBankAccount {
public:
CBankAccount(int dollars, int cents, double rate);
private:
C++
C++
C++ C++
double balance;
double interest_rate;
};
CBankAccount::CBankAccount(int dollars, int cents, double rate) {
56
2 C++
balance = dollars + 0.01*cents;
interest_rate = rate;
}
CBankAccount
void

CBankAccount acc1(10,50,2.0);
CBankAccount acc2(500,0,4.5);
CBankAccount acc1(10,50,2.0)

CBankAccount(int dollars, int cents, double rate)

acc2.CBankAccount(23, 2, 3);
57
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++

class CRectangle {
int *width, *height;
public:
CRectangle (int,int);
~CRectangle ();
int area () {return (*width * *height);}

};
CRectangle::CRectangle (int a, int b) {
width = new int;
height = new int;

*width = a;
*height = b;
}
CRectangle::~CRectangle () {
delete width;
delete height;
C++
C++
C++ C++
}

2-3
58
2 C++
2-3
2
2.4 (Default Constructor)

class CDefCon {
public:
int x;
int y;
};

59
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
CDefCon def;
2 C++
class CDefCon {
public:
int x;
int y;
CDefCon(int a, int b){x=a; y=b;}
};

CDefCon def(2, 3);
CDefCon
CDefCon def;
CDefCon

(Copy Constructor)

CDefCon def1(2, 3);
C++
C++
C++ C++
CDefCon def2(def1);

60
2 C++
CDefCon(const CDefCon& c) {
x = c.x;
y = c.y;
}
2.5 (Overloading Constructors)

class CBankAccount {
public:
CBankAccount();
CBankAccount(int dollars, int cents, double
rate);
CBankAccount(int dollars, int cents);
};
CBankAccount::CBankAccount(){
balance = 0.0;
interest_rate = 0.0;
}
CBankAccount::CBankAccount(int dollars, int
cents){
interest_rate = 0.0;
}
CBankAccount::CBankAccount(int dollars, int
cents, double rate){
interest_rate = rate;
}
61
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++

class CDate {
public:
private:
unsigned month = 1;
unsigned day = 1;
unsigned year = 2002;
};

CDate::CDate(unsigned m = 1, unsigned d = 1, unsigned y = 1955)
: month(m), day(d), year(y) {
C++
C++
C++ C++
month(m)
(Constructor Initialization) unsigned m = 1
m 1
CDate dd1;
62
2 C++
CDate dd2(1, 1, 1955);

CDate dd3(1, 1);
2.6 new
new
* = new ( );
CBankAccount* acc4 = new CBankAccount;

CBankAccount* acc5;
acc5 = new CBankAccount;
new

63
C++
1,000,000

C++ C+
+
C ++
CBankAccount account[1000000];
2 C++

Visio

pAcc
CBankAccount* pAcc;
for(int i=0; i<1000000; i++) {
new
pAcc = new CBankAccount;

printf("Object has been created!\n");
delete pAcc;
printf("Object has been destroyed!\n");

delete
}
1,000,000 new
delete pAcc
n ew

2-4
2-4

new
account
1,000,000
1
CBankAccount account[1000000];
pAcc
C++
C++
C++ C++
...

64
CBankAccount* pAcc;
for(int i=0; i<1000000; i++) {

pAcc = new CBankAccount;
...
delete pAcc;
}
delete
pAcc
CBankAccount
new
2 C++
new
(
)
2-4
count
Ac
ank
CB
new
=
cc
pA
pAcc
pAcc

ory Leak)
em
(M

2-4
2.7
C++

C++

CString s1,s2, s3;
s1 = "This is ";
s1 s2 +
65
C++
s3 = s1 + s2;
C++ C+
+
C ++
s2 = "a Test";
2 C++
s1 s2 ( "This is " "a Test")
s3 s3 = s1 + s2
C++

C++ + - * / >= ++ [ ]

(Operator Functions)
+ - ( int
float long char)

/ << >>

+ - * / << >>
:: operator op(
C++
C++
C++ C++
operator
operator op

operator op operator+ operator +
2-2

C + +

66
2 C++

2-2

/
<
>
+=
-=
*=
/=
%=
^=
&=
|=
<<
>>
<<=
>>=
==
!=
<=
>=
&&
||
++
--
->*
new
delete

&
[]
()
->
?:
::
.*
2-2 CVector +
class CVector {
public:
int x,y;
CVector () {};
x,y
public
CVector (int, int);

CVector operator + (CVector);
};
CVector::CVector (int a, int b) {
y = b;
}
67
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
x = a;
2 C++
CVector CVector::operator + (CVector param) {
CVector temp;
temp.x = x + param.x;
temp.y = y + param.y;
return (temp);
x param.x
y param.y
CVector
}
CVector a (3,1);
CVector b (1,2);
CVector c, d;
c = a + b;
d = c.operator +(a);
cout << c.x << "," << c.y << endl;
cout << d.x << "," << d.y << endl;
}
2-2 CVector x y public
CVector operator+ (CVector
param) +
CVector +
c = a + b;
C++
C++
C++ C++
a + b c
operator+ c = a + b
c = a.operator +(b);
68
2 C++
b operator+
x y a b c
c = a + b

CVector () { };

CVector (int, int);

CVector vec
2-3
2-3
CVector CVector::operator -(CVector param) {
CVector temp;

c = a - b;
temp.x = x - param.x;
temp.y = y - param.y;
return (temp);
}
CVector CVector::operator ++() {
CVector temp;
++
c = c++;
temp.x = x + 1;
return (temp);
}
69
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
temp.y = y + 1;
2 C++
CVector CVector::operator *(int i) {
CVector temp;
*
c = a * 2;
temp.x = x * i;
temp.y = y * i;
return (temp);
}
CVector CVector::operator *(double d) {
CVector temp;
*
c = a * 2.9;
temp.x = int(x * d);

temp.y = int(y * d);
return (temp);
}
2.8 this
this
this this
2-4
class CDummy {
public:
bool IsKindOf(CDummy& param);
};
bool CDummy::IsKindOf(CDummy& param) {
if (this == &param) return true;
C++
C++
C++ C++
else return false;

}
70
2 C++
CDummy a;
CDummy* b = &a;
if ( b->IsKindOf(a) ) printf("Yes, &a is kind of b\n");
else printf("No, It is not me\n");
return 0;
}
this
this
this
this
this
2-4 IsKindOf
CDummy
this

CVector& CVector::operator = (const CVector& param) {
x = param.x;
y = param.y;
return *this;
71
C++
*this this ( (Value of Operator))

CVector& CVector
C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++
2.9

(Class Variable)

(S h a r e d
Variable)
class CDummy {
public:
static int n;
CDummy () { n++; };
~CDummy () { n--; };
};
int CDummy::n = 0;
int main () {
CDummy a;
CDummy b[5];
CDummy * c = new CDummy;
cout << a.n << endl;
delete c;
cout << CDummy::n << endl;
return 0;
C++
C++
C++ C++
}
n CDummy
n
72
2 C++
CDummy::n

a.n
n n

2.10 (Friend Class and Functions)

private protected

private protected
friend
class CMyClass {
int num;
public:

private
CMyClass(int x) {
num = x;
}
friend int isneg(CMyClass ob);
};
isneg
CMyClass
int isneg(CMyClass ob) {

}
73
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
return (ob.num < 0) ? 1 : 0;
2 C++
CMyClass a(-1);
if(isneg(a))
printf("it is negative!\n");
else printf("it is positive!\n");
return 0;
}
isneg CMyClass
num private isneg
CMyClass isneg num
private protected

class CTwoValues {
int a, b;
public:
CTwoValues(int _a, int _b) { a = _a; b = _b;}
friend class CMin;
};
class CMin {
public:
int findMin(CTwoValues x);
};
C++
C++
C++ C++
int CMin::findMin(CTwoValues x) {
return x.a < x.b ? x.a : x.b;
}
74
CMin
CTwoValues
2 C++
CTwoValues two(7, 13);
CMin m;
printf("min is %d", m.findMin(two));
return 0;
}
CMin CTwoValues CMin
CTwoValues private protected
)
ship
end
(fri

ed
tect
pro
ate
priv
2.11 (Class Relationship)

3
1. "is-a" "is kind of"

"is-a" / "is kind of"
CShape
75
C++
: public
C++ C+
+
C ++
CRectangle
2 C++
2. "has-a"
(Containment)

CCar
CEngine
3. "uses-a"

(CImageProc) (CImage)
CImage
CImageProc
CImage img;
doHistogram()
C++
C++
C++ C++
2.11.1 (Inheritance)

C# C++

76
2 C++
(Derived Class)
(Sub Class) (Child Class)
(Base Class) (Super Class)
(Parent Class)
C + +
(Multiple Inheritance) (

(Interface))

(
)
(R e u s a b l e
Code)

C E d i t
CEdit
() (-)
()
CPhoneEdit CEdit
77
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
C++
C++
C++ C++
2 C++
CEdit CPhoneEdit CPhoneEdit CEdit

CPhoneEdit
CPhoneEdit CEdit
CPhoneEdit
CEdit

(is a kind of)
(CLecturer)
(CEmployee) (CRectangle)
(CShape) (Square Matrix) (Matrix)
(CCat) (CAnimal) (CMammal)
(CHuman)
(Compatible Type)

(Polymorphism)
C++

2-5
78
2 C++
2-5 : p u b l i c
( public
protected)

2-5
class
: public
...
...
};
: public

operator = ( )
private

79
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
2.11.2

2 C++

(Reusable Code)

CPhoneEdit
(Extensible Feature)

(Path Name)
CPathName CString
is-a has-a 2-6

CString
reverseString()
2-6
: public
CPathName
(a)
is-a
reverseString()
(b)
has-a
CPathName path;
reverseString()
CPathName
private : CString
reverseString()
CPathName path;
reverseString()
path.reverseString()
C++
C++
C++ C++
80
CPathName
\
CString

2 C++
"is-a" CPathName
CString (CPathName is a CString)
CPathName

CPathName
CString CString CPathName (String
Reversal) CPathName
( 2-6 ()) "C:\WINDOWS"
"SWODNIW\:C"
has-a CString
private CPathName
CString CPathName
CString CPathName
CPathName reverseString
( 2-6 ())

has-a

81
C++
(Employee)
(Manager)
(Supervisor)
C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++

(Name)
(Pay Rate)
( )
(getName)
(getPayRate)
(pay)
2-5
2-5
class CEmployee {
public:
CEmployee(string theName, float thePayRate);
protected:
string name;
float payRate;
};
C++
C++
C++ C++
CEmployee::CEmployee(string theName, float thePayRate) {

name = theName;
}
82
2 C++
string CEmployee::getName() const {
return name;
}
float CEmployee::getPayRate() const {
return payRate;
}
float CEmployee::pay(float hoursWorked) const {

}
2-5 pay

name payRate
protected
CEmployee
cout << "For Employee:" << endl;
cout << "Name: " << empl.getName().c_str() << endl;

(salaried)
83
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++

(getSalaried)
2-6
2-6
class Manager {
public:
Manager(string theName, float thePayRate, bool isSalaried);
bool getSalaried() const;
protected:
string name;
float payRate;
bool salaried;
};
Manager::Manager(string theName, float thePayRate, bool isSalaried) {
name = theName;
salaried = isSalaried;
}
string Manager::getName() const {
return name;
C++
C++
C++ C++
}
float Manager::getPayRate() const {
return payRate;
}
84
2 C++
bool Manager::getSalaried() const {
return salaried;
}
float Manager::pay(float hoursWorked) const {
if (salaried)
return payRate;
else

}
2-6 getSalaried
pay salaried

(Manager is kind of an Employee)

2-7
class CManager : public CEmployee {
public:
CManager(string theName, float thePayRate, bool isSalaried);
CManager
CEmployee
bool getSalaried() const;

protected: bool salaried;
};
85
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++
CManager::CManager(string theName, float thePayRate, bool isSalaried)
: CEmployee(theName, thePayRate) {
salaried = isSalaried;
}
bool CManager::getSalaried() const {

return salaried;
}
float CManager::pay(float hoursWorked) const {
if (salaried)
return payRate;
else
return CEmployee::pay(hoursWorked);
}
2-7

(Reusable Code)
pay

return payRate;
C++
C++
C++ C++
(salaried FALSE)
return CEmployee::pay(hoursWorked);
pay CEmployee ::
86
2 C++
CManager
CManager mgr("Jan Kovacs", 1200.0, true);
cout << "For Manager:" << endl;
cout << "Name: " << mgr.getName().c_str() << endl;
cout << "Salaried: " << mgr.getSalaried() << endl;
cout << "Pay: " << mgr.pay(40.0) << endl;
CManager CEmployee 2-7

CEmployee
name
payRate
2-7

CManager
CEmployee
getName()
getPayRate()
pay()
: public
CManager
salaried getSalaried()
pay()
name
payRate
getName()
getPayRate()
pay()
87
C++
public
public
ate
priv
private
ed
tect
pro

C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++
2.12

C++

2-8

CPolygon
CRectangle
C++
C++
C++ C++
COutput
CTriangle
(CPolygon)
(COutput)
(CRectangle)
(C T r i a n g l e )
2-8 C R e c t a n g l e
CPolygon COutput
CPolygon COutput CRectangle
CTriangle
2-8
88
2 C++
2-8
class CPolygon {
protected:
int width, height;
public:
void set_values (int a, int b)
{ width=a; height=b;}
};
class COutput {
public:
void output (int i);
};
void COutput::output (int i) {
cout << i << endl;
}
class CRectangle: public CPolygon, public COutput {
public:
int area ()
{ return (width * height); }
};
class CTriangle: public CPolygon, public COutput {
public:
int area ()
2-8 CRectangle CPolygon COutput

89
C++
};
C++ C+
+
C ++
{ return (width * height / 2); }
2 C++
set_values
CPolygon output COutput

CRectangle rect;
CTriangle tri;
rect.set_values (4,5);
set_values CPolygon
tri.set_values (4,5);
rect.output (rect.area());
output COutput
tri.output (tri.area());
C++
C++
C++ C++
2.13

(Compatible Type)

(Plug Compatible)

C++
(Polymorphic)
90
2 C++

1
C P o l y g o n
CRectangle CTriangle CPolygon CRectangle
CTriangle
CPolygon CRectangle
CTriangle 2-9
2-9
class CPolygon {
protected:
int width, height;
public:
{ width=a; height=b; }
};
class CRectangle: public CPolygon {
public:
int area ()
};
class CTriangle: public CPolygon {
public:
int area ()
{ return (width * height / 2); }
CRectangle rect;
91
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
};
2 C++
CTriangle tri;
CPolygon * ppoly1 = &rect;
ppoly1 &rect
CPolygon * ppoly2 = &tri;

ppoly1->set_values (4,5);
set_values
cout << rect.area() << endl;
cout << tri.area() << endl;
}
2-9 CPolygon ppoly1 ppoly2
CRectangle CTriangle
CPolygon * ppoly2 = &tri;
CRectangle CTriangle CPolygon
ppoly1 ppoly2
CPolygon CRectangle CTriangle
CPolygon set_values
C++
C++
C++ C++
area CPolygon area
rect.area tri.area area
CPolygon area CPolygon area

area CPolygon
92
2 C++

(

)
CRectangle CTriangle
CPolygon CPolygon
CRectangle CTriangle CPolygon

Draw

Draw Draw
2.14 (Virtual Function)
virtual
93
C++
virtual ( );
C++ C+
+
C ++
()

2 C++

(
)
void Draw(void);
CPolygon CRectangle CTriangle
(Run Time)
2-9
2-9

::vir_func()
.vir_func()
->vir_func()
1::vir_func()
2::vir_func()
3::vir_func()
2-9 area ppoly1 ppoly2

CPolygon area area ppoly1 ppoly2
area CPolygon area
CPolygon area
area
2-10
2-10 CPolygon
class CPolygon {
C++
C++
C++ C++
protected:
int width, height;
public:
94
2 C++
virtual int area ()
{ return (0); }
};
class CRectangle: public CPolygon {
public:
int area ()

};
class CTriangle: public CPolygon {
public:
int area () { return (width * height / 2); }
};
CRectangle rect;
CTriangle trgl;
CPolygon poly;
ppoly1 rect
CPolygon * ppoly2 = &trgl;

CPolygon * ppoly3 = &poly;
set_values CPolygon
cout << ppoly1->area() << endl;
area CRectangle

}
95
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
2 C++
2-10 CPolygon CRectangle CTriangle width
height set_values area area

CPolygon
ppoly1->area();
CRectangle ppoly1
rect
2.15 (Abstract Base Class)

virtual
= 0
virtual ( ) = 0;
area
area CPolygon
area CPolygon
CPolygon
C++
C++
C++ C++
class CPolygon {
protected:
int width, height;
public:
96
2 C++
virtual int area () = 0;
};
area = 0 (NULL)
(Pure Virtual Function)

CPolygon poly;
CPolygon

CPolygon * ppoly1;
97
C++
C++ C+
+
C ++
CPolygon * ppoly2;
2 C++

1.
2.
3.
4.
OnPaint
5. + -
CMyDate + -
6.
7. private protected

8.
9.
C++
C++
C++ C++
10. public protected private
98

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Visual

C++ Never Die

with Visual C++

Microsoft Visual C++

_tmain wmain _UNICODE

typedef char CHAR;

typedef void *LPVOID;

typedef __nullterminated CONST CHAR *LPCSTR;

typedef CONST CHAR *PCSTR;

typedef CHAR *PSTR;

typedef void *PVOID;

typedef CHAR *LPSTR;

typedef unsigned char BYTE;

typedef unsigned long DWORD;

#define CALLBACK __stdcall

typedef PVOID HANDLE;

typedef HANDLE HDC;

typedef HANDLE HWND;

Microsoft Visual C++ Microsoft Corporation

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

Part II: Displaying & Processing Tools

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

C new delete malloc() free()

int, double, char, float

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

(Call Stack Layout)

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

a = (int *)malloc( 10 * sizeof(int) );

1.6 (Reference Variable)

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

1.7 (Double Indirection)

printf("x=%d, *ptr=%d, **pptr=%d\n", x, *ptr, **pptr);

A = (float **) malloc((unsigned) (R)*sizeof(float *));

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

A[y] = new float[C];

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) {

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

1.8.4 (Pas by Value)

1.8.5 (Pass by Reference)

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

1.8.6 (Pass using Pointer)

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

1.8.7 (Function Pointers)

int (*func)(int, int);

typedef float (*FL_FUNC)(float, float);

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

FL_FUNC fn1 = NULL;

int res = (*func)(10, 22);

printf("do Divide Operator\n");

void callPointer2Func(float (*pt2Func)(float, float), float a, float b) {

void callPointer2Func(float (*pt2Func)(float, float), float a, float b) {

Part I: Basic Idea & Concept

for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {

for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {

char ch[]={'M','a','H','a','N','a','K','o','R','n', '\0'};

1.8.8 (Inline Function)

a = (int )malloc( 10 sizeof(int) );

A = (float **) malloc((unsigned) (R)sizeof(float ));

int area () {return (width *height);}