Sirano

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 7

TALICMFI KOHCTAHTLIHOBA

noscloay npeanomaT
((CTaKaHClHKCTapOrO
a06poro BHHan,
~ ~ B ~ P H TOB ,TO ero
n l o 6 ~ ~ BHHO.
oe
~ O K ~ MH ((3aMOK))
~ T
Mo~bep,a cKopee,
rocnoac~~i4 OM, rae
mHna ceMbn Ae
6epmepaKa, XOTSI OT
Tex speMeH yueneno
HeMHOrOe, 3aaHHe
6bino nepecTpoeHo
eue B XVlll seKe.
C ~ n03T
M IlOKHHyn
TOT MHP 350 neT
CPEAM EPETEPOB M I l E M T O B TeJlbCTBO AOCTaTOVHO PaHO BblRBMnO B O ~ ~ H O ~ I HpaB
O ~ H B ~ ~ ~
- 3 y 6 p e x ~ eM JlMLl,eMepHOMy nOVTeHMt0 OH flpeA-

... C HpaHO CMAeJl B KOPAeraPAMM POTbl TaCKOHUeB M


qTO-TO ~ ~ I C T P nMCaJl.
JlOCb
O n e p 0 CTpeMMTenbHO HOCM-
no 6 y ~ a r e .npll 3TOM OH TaK 3HePrMCIHO TblKaJl
nepOM B CIePHMJlbHHUY, CITO e r 0 KOHCIMK AOJlrO He BbIACPXM-
Ban M JlOManCR. 6 e p x e p a ~qepTblXanCR, MCKaJl HOBOe, a, He
MaflbCIMKa
novn-ran... p o 3 r ~ .
B OTpOCIeCTBe c y ~ b 6 anOAapMna C a B l l ~ b e H yBepHor0 APY-
ra, OAHOKaWHMKa Jle6pe. TO TpOraTeJlbHOe MaJlbCIMuJeCKOe
~ ~ ~ T C TOHMB OnpoHecnu repes BCKI X M ~ H ~a ,Jle6pe cnyxMn

1- H~AAR,6 b l ~ a n 0 ,BblAeprMBan nepo M3 C O ~ C T B ~ H HLUJlRnbl,


o r n ~ n nero n n p o ~ o n x a nC T P O ~ M T ~ .
O~ naMRTM C H ~ ~ HU O
H ~ A O ~ M ~He O no
n0Cne e r 0 CMepTM. H ~ M H OB ~~O~ M ~
C ~rOAaM nblTnMB0My CaBMHbeHy, CI~06blno-
no-H M

Ero cocnyxneubl AenanM BMA, TO HMrero He 3 a ~ e q a t o ~ . H R T ~ - T ~ K ~yre6a


R Mano CITO eMy AacT. VI OH pewMn y 6 e ~ ~ ~ b
E c n ~6b1 Ha MeCTe C H P ~ H O 6b1n KTO-TO ApyroA, B e r 0 OTua, qTO Y CBFIUeHHMKa OH BPRA f l M HaYClMTCR C I ~ M Y - H M ~ Y A ~
PyKOnMCb 3arJlRAblBanM 6b1 M3-3a nnera, OTnyCKanM 6b1ABy- IlYTHOMy. O A H O B ~ ~ M ~ H C HHM
OM ~ O A O ~ H Y
XeH )TaKTMKY B OT-
cMblcneHHble W ~ T K M . HO 6 o x e ynacM U ~ T M Tc ~Ae 6epxepa- HOWeHMM CBOMX p 0 ~ M ~ e J l eebl6pan fi M Jle6pe. MX YCMJlMR
KOM! BOHKaK OH TblCIeT nepOM B CIepHMnbHMuy M TaK X e Opy- yeeHqanMcb ycnexoM, M B 1631 r o ~ A6enb y C ~ p a o~~on p a e c l n
AyeT wnaroA. cbwa Y C I M T ~ C R B n a p ~ x .C n e ~ o3a~ HHM TyAa noexan M
...BOBceA POTe, Aa, noxanyA, M BO BCeM napMxe, OAMH Ton b- BepHblA TOBapMU.
KO A ~ p n Jle6pe 3 ~ a npasAy
n o nponcxoweHMM cBoero Apyra M Bce CJlOXMnOCb KaK HeJlb3R JlyCIlue: A ~ A O B C K MAOM, ~ ~ B KO-
0 TOM, CITO npM POweHHH POAMTeflM HapeKJlM er0 CaBMHbe- TOPOM xMna Tenepb ceMbR ero AHAM, c paAocTbD pacnaxtiyn
Ii m y t
HoM - B q e c n n o r o i ~ o r o AeAa, nepxasuero s napnxe pb16-
O naBKy... 3HaMeHM~blh@ p a H ~ y He 3 6b1n apMCTOKpaTOM. CH-
POACTBeHHMKa ABepM. Ky3eHbl M KY3MHbl H e AaBanM Ca-
BMHbeHY CKY'iaTb, O C O ~ ~ H HO OH ~6flM3MfltRCO CBOHM POBeC-
paH0 - B A ~ A C T B M T ~ J ~ ~ H O CHe
T MMMR, a @aMMJlMR... HMKOM X ~ ~ M ~~ H O MO
H MMO~ O. ~ O A C KyOc a~ ~~ b 6 b lCaMlo3nK3
BnpoCIe~,H a u repoA He cneluMn p a ~ y 6 e w a ~o Kbp y x a o - C U ~ ~ H-O q BMAe npMAaHOr0 3a x e ~ o- i AOCTaJlaCb cue M
i U M X q CBOeM ABOPRHCKOM nPOHCXOXAeHMM H HeKOTOPble OC- 3arOpOAHaR, B OpeAMeCTbe CaHHya. M BCR KOMllaHMR BMeCTe
HoeaHMsl AnR x o r o m e n . Aeno B TOM, CITO AeA ero, eUe B ce- C IlfleMRHHMKOM C ~ B M H ~ ~ HTyAa O M n106unaHaesXaTb...
j PeAMHe XVI BeKa ~ O C T ~ B ~ R B W MAB a66a~c~e
pb16y Co~ H - A e - ...O A H ~ K OnpMluJl0 BpeMR BCnOMHMTb M 0 UenM npMe3Aa.
HM M Aaxe KO Aeopy, B 1582 rony KynMn B AonMHe Weepes 6 e p x e p a ~M Jle6pe peWMnM 6blno n0CT)TlaTb B npecTM~HblA
Cpa3y ABa nOMeCTbR - Mosbep M Cyaope, KOTOPble BXOAMnM KOJlneX A o ~ M ~ pHa ,~ n 0 J l 0 ~ e H H b lB
k ~ ~ ~ T M H C K KBapTaJle.
OM
i npeXAe BO BJlaAeHMR A B O P R H C K O ~ CeMbM 6 e p x e p a ~ o e . P ~ K O B O AyCIe6HblM
M~ 3aBeAeHMeM H ~ K M A X ~ rH pa~xbe,

i
M M ~ H H OTOT @KT an AeAy CaBMHbeHy C H ~ ~ HnpaB0 O npM- BeCbMa 3 p y ~ M p 0 B a H H b yCIeHblh,
l~ aBTOp @ ~ ~ H L ( Y ~ C HKna-
MX
COeAMHMTb K CBOeMY MMeHM XeJlaHHOe Ae 6 e p x e p a ~ .K p o ~ e TMHCKHX TpaKTaTOB. HO M TYT CaBMHbeHy He nOBe3nO - B ay-
> TOTO, B Ha3BaHMM a 6 e p x e p a ~ >eCTb > CITO-TO raCKOHCKOe, M AMTOPMRX B m a n Bce TOT x e nyx cxonacTnKM, A a x e B ycTase
I
1c nO3Ty BCH) XM3Hb HpaBMnOCb Bbl~aBaTbc e 6 ~ 3a raCKOHua. 6b1no 3anMcaH0, '-IT0 B O C ~ M T ~ H H M K<M< ~~eP ~ A ~ K ) T 3a6aBaM,
CFI
~ o C I T ~ H H ~ ITA O P ~ O B ~ ~ CBOe AeJlO M Ben e r 0 C 3aBMA-
3Han rOBOPRT TOJlbKO Ha JlaTblHM M n0BMHYH)TCR x e J l e 3 ~ 0 AAMCUMn-
4 HblM YMeHMeM M TBepAOCTbH), nO3TOMy, KOrAa B 1590 rOAy nnHeu. C n o e o ~ ,~ a ~ e p n e e l u ~ fBi cMonoAble
n neTa OT neAaH-
rocno~bn p ~ s s a nero K ce6e, r e ~ s e p oa e ~ e AcTanM ~ ~ K O H H ~ I - TOB CMpaH0 He MOr, B KOHqe KOHUOB, He IlpeBpaTMTbCR B
! MM HaCneAHMKaMM 3HaCIMTenbHOrO COCTORHMR. C ~ a p l u ~ f i , BOflbHOAYM~a.npofifle~He TaK y X MHOrO BpeMeHM, M OH COCIM-
A6enb, He 6bln 0 6 ~ e n e HHM 3AOpOBbeM, HH CTaTbH), '4erO He HUT KOMeAMlO C XapaKTepHblM H ~ ~ B ~ H M ~ M ne-
<<O~ypaCIeHHblfi
C
cltaxewb o ero AenosoR xeame. X e ~ n n c nOH n o 3 ~ ~ Tonb-
0, AaHT>>,An9 KOTOPOA He MCnblTaeT HeAOCTaTKa B MaTepMaJle. B
KO B 47 neT, BnpOVeM, BeCbMa YAaCIHO - Ha AOCIepM Ka3Ha- nbeCy BblBeAeH K ~ P M K ~ T Y P HIlePCOHaX,
~I~~ <<KOJlJleXCKaR
CIeR 3cnepaHce 6 e n n a ~ x e .O A H ~ K OM 3TOT nOBOpOT c y ~ b 6 b l KpblCas, ccc~ynoAM ~ H Y C H ~ I CTaPMK
~~>> no MMeHM ~ P Z I H X ~ . AB-
He npMHec eMy 6 n a r o ~ e ~ 3cc ~n e~p a~~~c a.poAMna ~ y x y TOP MOT 6b1 YAaJlMTb M3 @BMMIIMM r p a ~ x b eHe OAHy ~ Y K B Y ,a
1

C WeCTepblX ,JJeTeR, C ~ B M H ~ ~ H - M J ~ ~ AIlORBMJlCR


UMA Ha CBeT B BCe CeMb - BCe paBH0 npOTOTMn y3HaBaeM.
1619 rOAy. KCT~TW, nocneAHer0 pe6eHKa A6enb IlpMHRfl Ha A n0Ka XaXAaBlueMy ~ H ~ H MlOHOUle
R npMXOAMnOCb 3aHM-
~ A ...
p y ~ y~x e, nepewarHye 6 0 - n e ~ ~py6ex MaTbCR C ~ M O O ~ ~ ~ ~ O BOTeu,
~ H M~ ~1 ~
M 0. 6
nOMOCIb
bl eMy B 3TOM,
LUno speMR, AeTn noApacTanM, pacxoabl yeennrlMsanncb, AaXe IlpOAaJl BCe IlOMeCTbR M BHOBb nOCeJlMJlCfl C AOMOClaA-
a nonoxetiwe Aen - yxynwanocb. n p o ~ o n x a ~X bM T ~B na- qaMM n0A ~ ~ P M X(CaBMHbeH,
~ M HeCMOTPR Ha 3T0, A0 KOHUa
pMxe cTano H ~ B O ~ M O X H OM, A6enlo C v l p a ~ oHMrero He ocTa- X M ~ H M ~ a a b ~ e ac ne 6 ~c q e € i e p x e p a ~ o ~ > B
> ] .1638 roAy Kon-
sanocb, KaK nepeAaTb M Toprosnto, M AOM 6 p a ~ yC ~ M I O ~M ~ H f)l e x 6b1n, X ~ A O - ~ ~ A H OKOHqeH.
O, B cc6araxe~BblnyCKHMKa OC-
nepe6paTbcR C X ~ H O A M AeTbMM B KynfleHHOe KOrAa-TO OT- TanOCb npeBOCXOAHOe 3HaHMe RpeBHHX R3bIKOB M JlMTepaTy-
UOM IlOMeCTbe M o ~ b e p .T ~ M ,BAaIleKe OT CTOnMl(bl, XM3Hb pbl M PenyTauMR 3aBCerAaTaR Ka6a'iKoB M TpaKTMpOB JlMTepa-
6b1na He B npMMep Aetueene. T ~ P H O A6 0 r e ~ b l .
lo~oro
C a s ~ ~ b Te ~
~ ap e ~ e ~~a er l a~n a c bnopa yre-
sM OKOH'~MByve6y, AHPMfle6pe no HaCTORHMK) M nPOTeKUMM OT-
HMCIeCTBa. Ero nepBblM HaCTaBHMKOM CTaJl ~ P M X O A C K OCBR-~ Ua san~cancuB KoponeBcKyH) rsapnMH). 3a HMM nocnenosan M
UeHHMK. B HayKaX CBRTOA OTeU Pa3YMefl He MHOrO M CaBMHbeH. M O ~ O A O@M M~ POAM-
~ o c o @ ~ ,JlMWeHHOMY M O L Q H O ~
B ~ ~ O ~ ~6bln
B O TMnMCIHblM
K neAaHTOM. M M ~ H H O3T0 0 6 ~ ~ 0 A ~ e p X K M ,BOeHHOe IlOnpMUe CynMJlO M npMJll4.l-b
~T ~- J ~ ~ c K Iol O

B O K P Y r CBETA . flEKAKPb 2005

"lo'

- - -- - ,-.
--a
Hoe xanoeatibe, M nepcneKTuBb1. A p y 3 b ~nonanM B p o ~ rocno-
y M ~ O W HenoAaneKy
~ O OT neranbHo M ~ B ~ C T H OHR e f l b c ~ ~6 f ai w ~ ~ .
AMHa Ae Kap6o~aAe Kac~enbxany.KOM~HAMP
npoMcxoAnn M3 B p e 3 y n b ~ a ~Hero
e ccu3 3 ~ 0 6COTHM Asoe nonnaTMnMcb 3a CBOM
~ H ~ T H OracKoHcKoro
~ O poAa, M Bce n o ~ p a 3 ~ e n ecocToRno
~~e 3nOK03HeHHble HaMepeHMR XM3HbI0, a CeMepO - TRXKMMM
npeMMyu(eCTBeHH0 M3 er0 3eMnRKOB. B ~ O C ~ ~ A CKTHB MNil0
MM M yBe.lbRMM>>.Oc~anbHbleHBIMHMKM, YBMfleB, '4TO AenO nnOX0, pe-
npunMwy-r
~ e ~ o p a ~ y ~ e > 6epxepa~a.T ~ M
~ ~ l o >M 6onee rTo OH TMpOBanMCb. ApyroR CBMAeTenb ApaKM, Ae ~ Y P T O H ~C, Tor0 AHR
6bln TaKMM rOpAel(0M M J ~ ~ M ~ I K O 'R-IT0
, OAMH CTOMn ~ ( e n 0 fap-
i n p ~ 6 a e n ~KnMMeHM 6 e p x e p a ~ aHOB~IR TMTYn- ccHeyc~paW~-
MMM TaCKOHueB ... M ~ I A ~Ero
. OH 3 a u u ~ u nM Ha none 6 p a ~ ~ .
K p o e a e a ~T ~ M , ~ ~ ~ T M ~ ~BoRHa
T H R RIlOAOXrna UeHTpanbHylo
HM AHR BE3 IlOEAWHKA Eepony ewe B 1618 roAy, HO Q ) ~ ~ H ~ BcTynMna
HSI B Hee n n u b B
Ta <<arpeCCMBHaR>>
FPaHb SlM'iHOCTM CaBMHbeHa CllpaH0 1635-M. T ~ He
M MeHee OT BpaxecKoro o p y x m n ronoAa B cTpa-

3 fie6 e p x e p a ~ anpocnaeMna ero qyrb n M He 6onbwe, veM


JlMTepaTypHble 3aHRTMR. Jle6pe MHOrO neT CnyCTR BCnO-
MMHan: ccAy3nu, KOTOpble B TO BpeMR 6blnM, noxanyfi, eAMHCT-
He YCnenO n0rM6HyTb CTOnbKO HapOAy, qT0 nPMPOCT HaCeneHMR
BO~O~HOBM~C
n FuI b qepe3 CToneTue
M.
o ~ a 3 a n cB~r y u e ~ O ~ H M -c
... r ~ a p a e e uAe 6 e p x e p a ~
p a none3
~ B
n p m o noA nynH.
BeHHblM M ~ a u 6 0 n e e6 b l ~ T p b CPeACTBOM
l~ npOCnaBMTbCR, Tyr 1639 rOAy npM OCaAe My3oHa OH 6bln PaHeH HaBblneT M3 MyWKe-
X e CHMCKanM eMy TaKylo M3BeCTHOCTb, '-IT0 TaCKOHubl ... B3MPa- Ta. E u e CIepe3 rOfl nOA A p p a c o ~HenpMR~eJlbc~MfiCTpenOK no-
JIM Ha Her0 KaK Ha MCTMHHOrO AeMOHa x p a 6 p o c ~M~'4MCnMnM nan eMy B Welo, OT ~ T O ATPaBMbl CMfIaH0 A0 KOHL(a XM3HM TaK
3a HMM CTOnbKO nOeAMHKOB, CKOnbKO A H ~ ROH HaXOaMJlCR Ha BnonHe M He onpasuncq. KCT~TM, B TOM x e cpaxeHuM KpenKo
cnyx6e>>. AOCTanOCb M APYrOMY BCeM MBBCCTHOMY MCTOPMWCKOMY nepC0-
n ~ c a nC ~ p a B~ HenonHble
o 20 neT, npeMMyuecrseHHo Kap- Hamy -
b p n l o At? 6 a ~ ~ rpa@y
y, KTO3HaeT, 803-
A'APT~H~RHY.
TenM - cco@nunanb~b~e>>
B ~ I ~ O BHa
~ I~ y 3 n b .C n p a e e ~ n e o c r n MOXHO, OHM nexann PSIAOM B OAHOA ~ O B O ~ KHa~ KOTOPOA
, B~I-
PaAM HanO CKa3aTb, '-IT0 CaM OH He TaK CIaCTO 3aTeBan CCOpbl M no 6b1eunx 143 crposl yeosnnvl B n a o a p e ~ ?Bo BCRKOM cnyqae,
~ p a i H e AMepe B IlOnOBMHe <<CBOMX>>
IlOeAMHKOB BblCTynan KaK @paHUy3c~Me
POMaHMCTbl MX BCTpeqy OnMCblBaloT, a y POCT~H~ -
CeKyHaaHT. HOM 3TO 6b1noAenOM OTBeTCTBeHHblM M ~e6e3onac- MyWKeTep A ' A P T ~ H ~ R
TOH
BOPMT CBOeMY HOBOMY 3HaKOMOMY:
HblM. Q ) O P M ~ ~ ~6HnOa r 0 p 0 ~ ~ 0 e
<<BblRCHeHMe OTHOWCHM~~>> MeX- cc ...A B~I, ei-6ory, MHe no Hpasy.
~y ABopslHaMn BO Q ) p a ~ uTorAa ~ n y x e cTporo Bocnpeuanocb. R xnonan TO ecTb cMn. Ay3nb 6b1naHa cnasy.
O A H ~ K OHMKaKMe YKa3bl, YrPO3bI M Kapbl He OCTaHaBnMBanM TeX, M, CITO HM TOBOPM, R3blK Y BaC 0CTep!>>
KT0 no CTO pa3 Ha AHH) CrMTan ce651O C K O P ~ ~ ~ H H ~ Aaxe
I M . npMH- ApyroR np0TOTMn nbecbl <<CMpaHofie 6 e p x e p a ~6bln ~ nOp,
L(bl KPOBM, KaK MBBeCTHO, nor~6ann Ha Ay3nRX ... KoH~CIHO, .lac- A p p a c o ~y 6 n ~ - KPMCTO@ Ae LUa~naHb,6 a p o ~Ae HeeMnbe~
TO OHM 3aTesanMcb ~ 3 - 3 anycrRKoB, Kocoro ~ s r n s l ~ Ma n M npoc-ro A ~ R C T B U T ~ J ~ ~XeHMnCR
HO Ha POACTBeHHMUe HOCaTOrO r e a p ~ e A -
no 6naxu. n o n a ~ a n ~ c HaKoHeu,
b, 6pe~epb1,MR KOTOP~IX urpa ua M a m e ~ ePO~MHO, c KOTOPOR CnMCaHa P o ~ c a ~ a .
CO CMePTbH) COCTaBnSlna ~ A M H C T B ~ H CMblCnH ~ I ~ ~XM3HM. HO Ca- A C H ~ ~ H-One.IMnCR, HaAeRCb OCTaTbCR B TBBPAMM, HO,
BMHbeH C H ~ ~ H AeO Sepxepa~,BOnpeKM MHeHMlo MHOrMX, K HMM B3BeCMB CBOM WaHCbl, PeWMJl BCe X e BblhTM B OTCTaBKy. OH
He npwtiamexan. CnMLUKOM XOPOWO nOHMMan, YTO AaXe eCnM BepHeTC5I B
V l ~ o eAeno, CITO OH n 1 0 6 ~ nPMCK M OXOTHO ConpoBowan c ~ p o A ,IlpMAeTCR <<npOCTO>> CnYXMTb, a Ha nPOABMXeHMe n 0
~ p y 3 e AM 3HaKOMblX, KOTOpblM MOMa YrpOXaTb ~ a ~ a R - J l M 6 0 cnyx6e Henb3R PaCCCIUTblBaTb. K o ~ yHYXeH ~3yBeCIeHHblfi
onacHocTb Ha y n w a x n a p ~ x a .B TaKMx cnyraqx ABOPRHMH se~epa~ A ?TYT e u e M H ~ ~ X M B C I M B tipas,
~I~ M 6e3~e~exbe.
npMrnauJan B CnYTHMKM OAHOrO M n M HeCKOnbKMX BePHblX M OT- T ~ K B, 22 roAa BoeHHaR Kapbepa C n p a ~ oAe 6 e p x e p a ~ a3a-
no-
BaXHblX Apy3ei [ecJlM TaKOBblX He HaXOAMflOCb, <<3CKOPT>> KOHCIMnaCb.
npocTy H ~ H M M ~ ~ C Teo@Mnb
R]. r o ~ b enMcan o Tex, KTO BcerAa ~ H ~ K O HaCTORTenbHO
M ~ I ~ <<COBeTOBanM>>
eMy 0 6 3 a s e c ~ n c b
rOTOB 6bln 0 6 H a x M ~ b Unary 3a YMepeHHyKI IlnaTY, TaK: BblCOKMM nOKpOBMTeneM - 06b1'4HblAB TY 3nOXy cnoco6 ripe-
...
cc rpyAb KonecoM, HorM UMpKyneM, nnau repea nneqo, wnsl- ycnen. 6onee Toro, BcKope nocne cccsepxaecTecTseHHoro
na go GpoeeR, KnMHoK WMHHee ronoAHoro AHSI>>. Manntu~en cpaxetinft>> y H e n b c ~ o i6 a l u ~ uranaHTHoe npemoxetine
TOBOPMTb, CITO C M ~ ~ K
H HOMM He OTHOCMnCR. OH o 6 ~ a x a nCBOlo ~ p y x 6 b lM ~ ~ C T ~ ~ H M C nocTynMno
I ~ C T B ~ - OT Mapuana Ae
--
wnary McKnlorMTenbHo no ~ p y x 6 e .E q e npM ero XMBHM B r a c b o ~ a . TOT nonKoeoAeU, no cnoeaM Jle6pe, ccc ~ P M R ~ H ~ H )
@OHA CTOnMClHblX nereHA BOUen T ~ K 3nM308,
O ~ MHOrO n03Xe OTHOCMBUMRCR K JIDASIM OTBaXHblM M YMHblM, n0Xenan MMeTb
M~n0nb30BaHHblk6 O A H O ~M ~3 KJllOCIeBblX CUeH P O C T ~ H O B C K O ~ ~ n o m e ce6n rocnoAnHa Ae S e p x e p a ~ ...
a >> Ho ~ 0 n o A o RropAe4
MpnO3T Q)paHcyaJlMHbep, aBTOp MHOXeCTBa
nbecbl. M y l U ~ e ~ e C He ~ e H b W e franaHTHOCTblo
i OTKa3anCR OT <<C,QenKM>>. OH 38-
3nb1x M MeTKMx snMrpaMM, CIpeasblraR~opasosnnn onHoro RBMn, '4TO MOXeT CnyXMTb TOnbKO Q ) ~ ~ H ~ MHO M He
, BenbMOXe,
BenbMOXy. TOT, O C K O P ~ J I ~ H H ~
A0I ~ rny6MHbl
~ AYLUM, HaHM ue- A a x e ecnM TOT AOCTOMH BcwecKoro yeaxetiwn. C e o 6 o ~ aHe
flylo COTHlo rOnOBOpe30B, 'i~06bl pa3flenaTbCR C O ~ H A ' ~ M K O M . npoAaeTcsl M He cAaeTcsl B apeHAy ...
flMHbep, He A O n r O AyMaR, PeWMn BblCTynMTb nPOTMB <<MCTMTe- Tenepb pa3MblunRTb OcTaeanocb HeAonro. M OH c nerKocTblo
n e b - sAeoeu c OAHMM ~3 CBOMX ApyseA ... noMeHsln wnary Ha nepo. Haqanacb Kapbepa nMTepaTopa M
Apyra 3san14, p a s y ~ e e ~ Cc ~~ , p a Ae
~ oSepxepa~.ccceepxae- MblcnuTensl Cmpa~o, K O T O ~ ~ I R ,KoHewo, He 3 a 6 b l ~ a nynpax-
CTecTBeHHoe cpaxeHvlev, KaK ~ a a e a nero AHPM Jle6pe. npo- HRTbCR B @ ~ X T O B ~ H HMHAaXe 6pan YpOKM TaHueB. D

c . , B O K P Y r CBETA . AEKAKPb ZOO5

-
-1 P ,

A' '
-
. .. - - :>-
,.
7.

A --
>. <
~ - r - 7 - * --.
.
. . .:
, .
... t".
' 7
Cpaxenme npm
aneptoce. 6enbr~U.
1622 roa.
.Jpmfl~~a~~np~nus~
e~Cl~ paarbpaercn
a

IlYTb IlOBECbl B XVll crone-rnm WMPOKO pacnpocTpaHnnocb TaKoe nonmMe,


e u e oveHb MonoAo-
AnR ~ o s ~ y x a e w e r HO
o, Libertinus - TaK

K
asanocb, Bce KaK < < J ~ M ~ ~ ~ T M (OT
H ~ JlaTMHCKOrO
x>> Ha3blBanM
ro VenoBeKa npnwna HaKoHeu BonbHaR nopa. Bo BCRKOM H ~ ~ X B nM6ep~eHbl<<3aClMCnRnCR>>
O C B O ~ O ~ ~ Hpa6oel. BCRKM~~
CJlyClae, TaK XOTeJlOCb AyMaTb MHOrHM. B BeKe XIX M n03A- WJlOBeK He3aBMCMMblX B3rJlRAOB, TBOpe& MblCJlMTeJlb [n03xe, B
Hee MHorMe asTopbl xMBonMcanM TorAaWHioio pa3rynbnyto XIX BeKe, TaK CTaJlM rOBOPMTb npOCT0 0 CeKCyanbHO paCnylL(eH-
XH3Hb HaWerO repOR. r o ~ b e , OTKP~IBWMR BMeCTe C A D M ~ n t o ~ ~ xC l H.
H~IX ~ ~ HAeO6 e p x e p a ~B X M ~ H Mn n~~epa-rype,
B pe-
WTOT C ~ ~ A O C T H ~XVll
I ~ >BeK, B OClepKe H O6epxe-
< < C H ~ ~ Ae JlMrM03HblX, HaYClHblX M O ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ H
B3rJlRAaX
H ~ I X 6b1n HaCTOR-
p a w (1834 r o ~yrsepwae-r,
l rTo OH ccnpeAancrr eceM yeneqe- ~ nM~ 6 e p ~ -
M e ~nooqenoMy
~ p ~ n ~p ~ y~ lBnHaqane
~. XVll Be-
HMRM 6 e s p a c c y ~ ~ oHAH ~ Y ~ O M O H H OMOnOAeXM
A Tor0 BpeMeHM; Ka Eepona croflna Ha nopore Hoeoro BpeMetiM. H a y ~ ayxe 6e3-
OH Bnan B pacny-rcTBo c nbinoM BoceMHaAuaTnneTHero npo- ~ O R ~ H ~ HcnopMna
HO c pen~r~eR ,
0614ecreo -c BnacTbto. nepe-
4 BMsuMana, K O T O ~ ~ I snepsble
A oKasanca s napuxe ... BHHOM
XeHuMHbl, 3TM nJleHMTeJlbHblt?, CyJlRuHe CTOJlbKO yTeX KYMM- ~ r ~ o 3 BOAH~I,
u a ~ ~ n e ~p ~e en A ~ o i
l i H b l TpnA-
AOBble JlloAM, npUXOA~B )Mac OT 6 e ~ ~ ~ b l ~ J l e XepTB ~
y x e noHMManM H ~ O ~ X O A M -
pbl ~ a w e ADHOCTM, ~a3anocb,nonHocTbio s a e n a ~ e n MM~ noc- MOCTb K O H @ ~ C C M O H ~ J ~ ~TepnMMOCTM,
HO~~ IlepeMeH B rOCyAapCT-
ne XM3HM, flpoBe~eHH0fiB CTPOrOCTM M B03AePXaHMM>>.C APY- BeHHOM YCTPO~CTBB.f l b l ~ e p a ~ y pMaMCKYCCTBO BCe cue MCnblTbl-
roA CTOpOHbl, BCe TOT X e BepHblA Jle6pe CKpOMHO c o o 6 u a e ~ BaJlH 6 a p o ~ l ~ o e
BJlMRHMe, HO M OHM Y e HayClMnHCb 06paU,aTb~R
T O ~ ~ K OC~TO
, <cnonHaR c s o 6 o ~ aAenaTb Bce, r ~ ~o 3 6 p e ~Hae ~ K COBPeMeHHOCTM, MCKaTb H0Bblb fl3blK M CTMnb. Monbep, P~CHH
YM, noBena ero no C K O ~ ~ ~ K Ony-rM, M Y Ha KOTOPOM, cKa- M 6yano fie nOrpy3MJlM CBOM nepbR B ClePHMflbHMubl...
3 a ~ b ,sl ero oc-raiioenn. ..>>M A O ~ ~ B ~ R ~ <<npMpoAa
C~TOT , oAapu- CpeAM ~ p y 3 e RC ~ p a nonaAanMcb
~o M ccrsapneiqb~KapAM-
na C H ~ ~ HHeO TOnbKO PeAKOCTHblM YMOM, HO M C C ~ ~ C T ~ M B O ~ HaJla*, M <<MYUIKeTePblKOPOJlR>>,M IlOnKOBHMKM, M PRAOBble, M
C ~ O C O ~ H O C T ~YflpaBnRTb
IO CBOMMM XenaHMRMH; nOCeMy BMHOM nOT0MKM CaMblX 3HaTHblX c ~ M ~ AM ,Gypxya, M YCleHble, M n03-
OH He 3 n o y n o ~ p e 6 n ~M,n 6blean0, rosopMn, rTo ~ e e o 3 ~ e p x a ~ Tbl,
- M AaXe OAMH KOHAMTBP, TOBOPRT, y r o U a e w ~ AAe 6epxe-
HOCTb nPMTYflJlReTYM M CT l O CO CnMPTHblM Ha40 0 6 p a u a T b c ~He paKa 3a noMcTMHe cMMeonMqecKyio n n a y - CTMXM (Parno B
MeHee OCTOPOXHO, CleM C MblLLlbRKOM...>> B OTHOWeHMRX C XeH- BepCMM P o c T ~ H ~ ) .
UMHaMM 6epxepa~y,no CJlOBaM Jle6pe, 6b1na C B O R C T B ~ H H ~ C O O T B ~ T C T B ~ H HWMPOK
O 6b1ner0 KpyrO3Op. OH ClMTaJl M qe-
c c e e n n r a i w a ~CAePXaHHOCTb
~ ... MOXHO CKa3aTb. ClTO OH HM pa- HMn A e ~ a p ~ pa3,qen~n a, ~ 3 r n ~K~ O b 1 ~ ~ ~ MHKennepa.
M K ~ Oc-
3y ne npecTynMn ClepTy Tor0 noveHMR, KoToporo Bnpase TaBMB cnyxby, XOAMJl Ha JleKqMM 3HaMeHMTOrO @ H J ~ O C O @ B
W a T b OT HaC BaMbl ...>> flbepa r a c c e ~ asTopa ~ ~ , TpexToMHoro c<CaoAa @ ~ n o c o @ ~ ~ s .
BnpoCle~,MOr n M CKa3aTb MHaCle B ~ J ' I M K O A Y W H ~ ~~Ap y r ?60- A nocne ~ ~ H R T M6Ae p x e p a ~racTo wen rynRTb c MonoAblM
nee CleM BCPORTHO, CT l O B DHOCTM ~ Y ~ U nepcOHaxMA P O C T ~ H ~~ O ~ T OLUanene~
M M ApyrMMM nM6epTeHa~M~3 KpyxKa Tac-
6b1nPeAKMM nosecoA. 1/1 n0Ka c y ~ b 6 aBena er0 no <<CKOJlb3KOMY ceHAM K HOBOMY MOCV [ceiclac OH B n a p ~ x e - c a ~ b l cTa-
i
ny-rnn, HaeepHRKa Gasan OKpyxatoUMM HeMan0 ~ O B O A O B~JIR pbli], B <<uaPCTBO>> MenKMX TOPrOBqeB, ~ P O & R ' ~ aPTMCTOB,MX
flOpML(aHMR- HO 3T0 M eCTeCTBeHH0 &JR l IlpOBMHuMana B 6 n ~ - 6pe~epoe,3 y 6 0 ~ e p o s ,n~capeA,c y ~ e 6 H b l xC T P R ~ C ~ M X ,
CTaTeJlbHOM napMxe. H ~ ~ ~ ~ oyXe T H TB
O , O ~ C T O R T ~ J ~ ~ C T BCT
lOO, q a ~ e n e i ~, ~ ~ ~ T C ~ M OHBM,C T O BM wapnaTaHoe. T ~ T
~ YKK M
n03Xe OH flOOCTbln M < < o ~ ~ ~ ~ Y M M ~MOXHO
c F I > > CClMTaTb
, CBMAe- BnepBble HaClaJl n0TMXOHbKY PaCflPOCTPaHRTb CBOM
TenbCTBOM C ~ M C T O ~AYWM M C H ~ ~ H O ~
BOJlM. HMR - IlOneMMCleCKMe IlMCbMa, CaTMpbl M 6ypnec~~.

B O K P Y r CBETA . AEKA6Pb 2005


3aMeTMn 3a O C T ~ O ~ M H O 6R p a e a ~ o ArOpbKYt0 CBMOMPOHMH) M
HeAOBOnbCTBO co6oA.
H B C T O R ~ YX
He) TPOMKYH) M3BeCTHOCTb npno6pen~CTHXO-
TBOPHble CaTMPbl C H ~ ~ HHaO BCeCMnbHOrO KapAUHana - TaK
Ha3blBaeMble <<Ma3apMHaAbl>>. ~ ~ X Y ~MH~O~ ~ P M nHo M , ~ Me
6 ~ q
~ W ~ O B H M~Ko p o n e s b r - p e r e n ~ u rAnH H ~ABCTPMRCKOR,
I ccytlac,
neAoean>>A O ~ X H O C Tnepsoro~ MMtiMcTpa OT nepetueflwero B
MMP HHOR P ~ w e n b e B 1642 roAy, e q e npM XMJHM Myxa AHHLI,
~ ~ D ~ O BXIII.
M KA0nr0e
~ BpeMR < < ~ ~ ~ P O A H@O~~BOo ~ M THeHa-
~>>
BMAenw pewMTenbHo Bce - M 3a MHocTpaHHoe npoMcxowe-
w e , M 3a TgroTbl He MM n a r a ~ o BOAH~I, i M 3a HenocMnbnble
HanorM. H a p o ~ n a s lMonsa npMnMcbleana eMy Bce MblcnMMble
rpexM. Wymnn, rTo ccoAna nonoeMHa n a p ~ x annaTMT ApyroA
nonoewie, COCIIIHFIIO~~R n a ~ + n e ~npoTMB
b~ M a 3 a p ~ ~ ~ u .
Ca~arrTanaHTnMsasl M 3nasl < c ~ a 3 a p ~ ~ a6epxepa~a
~a>> Ha-
~ ~ I B ~ ~<<ilporopes~uwA
T C R MMHMCTP>>. B n o ~ 3 a r o n o e ~0e
603~a-
CleH XaHp: <<6ypnec~>>
-TO eCTb KOMM.leCKOe CMeWeHMe BblCO-
KOrO M HM3KOr0, CaTMpa B B O ~ B ~ I W ~ H H O+ RO P M ~ . C0'iM~M~enb
IlpOulenCFl no BCeM JlMrHblM KaWCTBaM CBOerO repon, O C O ~ ~ I R
aKqenT cAenae Ha c n a c ~ o n t 0 6 nnMueMepHoro
~ CBRTOUM: <<I3MC-
KVCCTBe nanaTb M ULMnaTb -/ Bbl.. KaDnMHan.
,.. . 6 0 n b ~ 0 nDOBODa.
i, 9 -/

B ~ M rflyn0CTM He 3 a i ~ ~ a/~r0AHbl
b , Bbl TOnbKO ~ O K O P S I T ~ /
H ~ MI 0 6 683
~ pa36opa>>.
~
B n p ~ r e o~ , A~BHOM, WR
oH F I ~ O ~ ~ B W ~ MQ ~ ~ H L ( HCMM, ~
TOXe He 3a6blBae~M TYT OCTaBnFleT U ~ ~ n M B bTOH:lfi
<<n060pb1M AOnrM KPYrOM / ~ ~ C X O A RrOPbKMMM
T Cne3aMM
H a ~ e w o AHalUMM M , 4 0 6 ~ /0 P~ a ~ n ~ p s l ~ M nBbl
M~ Cb
YMO
~ O Y M B ~ MPnwenbe
R (KCT~TM,OH B ~ I C O K Oqetiwn nonm
CKMe M AMnnOMaTMqeCKMe TanaHTbl MTanbslHua M nepeA CMep-
T ~ I OcaM peKoMenAoean ero ~oponiolHaeepnslKa He npocTMn
6b1 n o ~ o 6 ~ oA A~ x e npMAepxMsancsl ~ p y -
~ ~ O C TMa3apMHt-I
M .
roR TBKTMKM. C ( ~ ~ O B~ ~ PK Y ~ M P O B ~M H H ~ ~ ~He~ r y x ~ b ~ A
AaneKO
man M HHKoro He Tporan, nMTepaType, OH Bce rMTan, Bcex
seem 6opb6y TeM x e opyxMeM: nepeKynan ae- npeAnorMTasl
T O ~ O BM o6paqan MX nepbu npoTns CBOMX sparos.
A KorAa repes HecKonbKo neT C ~ p a n oB~IC-rynnn,MOXHO cKa-
s a ~ b ,Ha crropone KapAnnana, ero war MtiorMx nocTasMn B TynMK.
Aeno 6blno T ~ K B . 1648-M napMxc~MRnapnaMeHT MHuuMMpoBan
:: MOqHOe ABMXeHMe - @POHAY (<<npalqa>>) nPOTMB M ~ ~ ~ P MM H H
! i,
%4 ero nonuTMKM. B o c c ~ a nn a p ~ x ,ero nowepxanm HeKoTopble

I'
llPOBMHL(HM. KapAMHan BblBe3 ManOneTHerO f l l o f l 0 ~ M ~XIV
a 3a
Cqe~a HS nbecbl c<Cmpano~e 6epmepa~n:nepenanKa o WnnnoM
Bulletin Officiel, 1912 roa
Hoce. X y p ~ a n npeAenbl cTonMUbl M ocaAMn ee. Oponna, TeM BpeMeHeM, Hyx,qa-
naCb B BOXaKaX, KOMaHAMpaX, M3BeCTHblX B BORCK~X,M OHM TOT-
qaC RBMnHCb - BenbMOXM, <<llPMHqbl>>,Ha Aerie CTpeMMBUMeCR
K nepeAeny B ~ I C W M X~ 0 n x ~ o c ~M en Rp ~ ~ ~ n A
e e ~ oi .~
r ~ pa~~re-
cKoe conpoTMsneHne nepepoAMnocb B apMcToKpaTMrecKoe [ne
nOTOMy n M rnar0n < < @ ~ O H ~ H ~ O BB~ T
COBpeMeHHOM
~>> PYCCKOM
R3blKe 03HaClaeT npOTeCTOBaTb, HO ~ o H ~ ~ o u C M ]~.
K ~ ~ CH CaMO-
O
HO TOPR'iO
r 0 HaWna He 6bln aKTMBHblM YqaCTHHKOM Q)POHA~I, eh
eqe - <<BcBMTKax>>:X O T ~<<sparyren6epra~y x e HacTynMna, COClyBCTBOBan. K o r ~ xa e apM
PyKOnMCHble KHMrM M ra3eTbl e q e 6onee .leM Ha CTO JleT OCTa- Aen, r ~ cTpaHa
o n3~e~orae~
H ~ T C R CyqecTBenHo A e u e s n e nera-rtiblx. K TOMY x e < < c ~ M M ~ - B nocnaHMM < < ~ P O T H+POHA~POBD
B 11
gaT>>M TorAa n e r r e y c ~ o n b 3 a nOT ~ ( e ~ 3 y p bP1 .~ ~ Y M ~ ~as-
T c R sennag
, ycnyra M a s a p ~ n KOTOP~IA
~,
TOPbl MeqTanM 0 KHMre, B b l l l ~ ~ ~ ( e H
HaH CTaHKe,
0~ -TaKOe M3- HynCR B CTOnMU,Y M A0 KOHua CBOMX A
AaHMe C'iMTanOCb <<HaCTOslqMM>>,
UMKaPHbIM. M C H ~ ~ H6bln
O
YBepeH. L(T0 CKOPO OH M A0 TaKOrO <<AOPaCTeT>>. MCIlblTAHME 60AE3HbK)

rlEPHMMmflOrlEPHEHMfl BPArA

n epeble n o c n a n m
Csl no
C ~ p a n oAe
napklxy, 6 b 1 n ~KaK
LQeHblAY3nRM.
,
6 e p x e p a ~ a ,p a s o w e ~ ~ n e -
HBTPYAHO AOraAaTbCsl, nOCBR-
B nMCbMe < < A ~ ~ ~ FOIHHnpM3HaeTCR,
T>> .IT0
n pou30wen B XMJHM
BOPOT. ~ P M M ~ P HroAy
O
6 e p x e p a ~ aM

3peHMR ~ p y 3 e AM eAMHOMblWfleHHMKOB.
BpeMsl BepHynCR, M AaXe C HOBblMM TeKCTaMM.
Wsl BAyMrMBOrO TBOpreCTBa HYXHO
C ~ ~ C TKaKOe-TO
R
O ~ ~ S I C H '-IT0
R~,
OAMHOCleCTBO. O ~ H ~ K O
3a6bln 6b1, N ~ T OTaKoe 6 y ~ a r a .ecnM 6b1 Ha neA He nMcanM Henb3sl 6b1no He 3aMeTMTb, HaCKOnbKO CMnbHO IlMCaTenb M3Me-
~ a p ~ e n e Mh eonpo1uae-r:
, <<Annr e r o cnyxa-r repnwna, KpoMe HMncsl: no6ne~nen,ocynyncsl, rycTble npslan Bonoc nopeAenM.
0'4epHeHMsl ~ P O T M B H M K ~ ? >B>n p o r e ~ ,OH nOCMeMBaeTCR HaA AHPMJle6pe noToM H a w c a n o cneAasureM ero ToeapMqa
C O ~ O AM OAHOBpeMeHHO HaA BCeMM, AJlR KOrO nOeAMHOK - H ~ H ~ ~ B ~ H HHeAyre.
O M
cTnnb noeeAetiMsl. c<lllnorna MHe KaxeTcsl, - xanyeTcsl ae- HoTapManbHo 3 a e e p e n ~ aAonrosan
~ pacnMcKa
TOP, - TO sl npespaTMncsl B ~ ~ ~ o 6 p a KTO 3 a :KO Mne HM no- C ~ p a n oAe E e p x e p a ~ a3 n n~ry,
~ ccnapMxcKoMy
AORA~T, B C ~ ~HanapblBaeTcR
K Ha KonDrKy>>(B cMblcne - wna- M XMPYPrY>>, Ha 400 nMBpOB ( 6 o n b w ~ e fleHbrM!] 38
ryl. Ero xnecTKMe O C T P O T ~cTanM
I norosopKaMM, no Mano KTO ~36asnen~ O eT T ~ ~ H O6A0 n e 3 ~ ~ > > .

I
80KPYr CBETA . AEKA
TaAHaR 6 0 n e 3 ~ bMMeHOBanaCb TOrAa <<grOSSe vefole>>
OHa CTaJla M3BeCTHa B
(n03~Hee POCCMM
KaK <<AYPH~R>>].
Ansl
Eeponbl XVI-XVII BeKOB, KpOMe nOnHOr0 BOJAepXaHMR, 38-
~ M T OT~ Hee
I He CyuecTBoBano. HOKaKoe TaM B O ~ A ~ ~ X ~ H M ~ !
B n e p M 0 ~H e ~ J l b l ~ a H HHb l~~C M ~ MBOA BpeMR BORH P e @ o p ~ a -
L(MM M TpbI~~aTMJle~Hefi B O R H ~ IC B M ~ rpy6blR
I ~ pa3BpaT CclM-
TancR HOPMOA. APMMMHaeMHMKoB BCIOAY npMpacTanM o~pw-
AaMM IlPOCTMTYTOK. ~ P M ~ P ~ K
CH$HJ~MCB 6po~~ non Eepone
r o p a ~ <~<o~ @ @ ~ K T M B Hcsoero
~ ~ > > n o 3 ~ ~ e R w e KOMMYHMCTH-
ro
cleCKOrO KOJlJlerM. BC~~IXM B ~ 3nMAeMMM.
AaXe ~H
n e r v l ~ bTO 3 a 6 o n e ~ a ~
nblTanMcb,
~e M nereHue 3aclac~y10
npMHOCMn0 BpeMeHHOe 06nerre~ue,CHMMaJlO CMMnTOMbl, HO
- nPMClMHY MX, KOHeclHO, He no6ex~ano.W u p o ~ oIlpMMeHRflCR
C
M T ~ J ~ ~ R H C K PeUenT
MR - P w b B MaJlblX AO3aX. He MCKJllocle-
HO, CITO TaK n o n b 3 0 ~ a nnaqMeHTa M c < n a p ~ x c ~
UM~ PRI O ~ ~ H M K
M xMpypr>>- BO BCRKOM cnyclae, cTpaAaHMR Ha BpeMR y-rwxnu.
A0 n0pbl. (KCTBTH,PTYTb 06e306paxneana HeCclaCTHblX eu(e
A0 Tor0 MOMeHTa, KaK MX HaCIMHan - Ha n03AHMX CTaAMslX -
YpOAOBaTb CaM cM$MJ~Mc.]
CMpaH0 Heyc~pauiM~blfi
COTHM pa3 CMOTpeJl B rna3a CMepTM
M He 60slnc~ee. Ho TorAa spar 6bln BMAMM M ~ O ~ ~ A Ma M
Tenepb
,
OH nOXMpaJl er0 M3HYTPM. Bnpocle~,KaK BCe OnTMMMCTbl, aBTOp
ccnporopesuiero MutiucTpa>>HaAeRncR Ha nyrwee. Bepun, cl~o
OKOHCIaTenbHO Bbl3AOpOBeJl. He YHblBaJl.
TyT KCTaTM IlpMuienCsl M nepebli ~eaTpaJIbHblAYCneX: B 1646
roAy cocroslnacb npeMbepa a O A y p a r e ~ ~ o neAaHTa>>.
ro
yeneKancn c oHocTn
~ T M MMCKYCCTBOM 6 e p x e p a ~ me- - CefleHMTbl [<<JlyHRHe>>]
XHBYT B AOMaX Ha KOneCaX, KOTOPble
CTe CO BCeM CBOMM nOKOneHMeM. T o r ~ anapblx AblluaJl B03AY- MOXHO BpeMR OT BpeMeHM nepeBO3MTb Ha HOBOe MeCTO; 0x0-
XOM CueHbl, @ ~ ~ H U Y ~ CAPaMaTyPrMR
K ~ R nepeXMBaJla BeJlM- TRTCR CneL(MaJlbHblMH IlaTpOHaMM, KOTOPble OAHOBPeMeHHO
-
c l a A w ~ AB ceoeR MCTOPHM ~ 3 n e ~Monbep, Kop~enb,Pa- OuMnblBaloT M nOAXaPMBaloT AMclb (He M3 3TOrO nM MCTOCIHM-
CMH ... OT nnouaAHblx n p e ~ c ~ a s nAO
e ~P ~
O Ci K O W H ~ I Xn p a 3 ~ - Ka sb~pocp a c c ~ a s143 c e p w Pacne o - ccKy-
Mlo~xrayse~e
HMKOB ABOpa - HM AHR H e npOXOAMn0 6e3 ~ea~paJlbH0R ponaTKw Ha luo~none>>?I.
Cvlpa~o,~oo6u(e, nonaran o c ~ p o -
nocTaHoeKM. A C ~ p a ~ o - ~ p a ~ a o~ ~y ap sr a n c ~
nepeblR onbrT YMMe rnaBHblM AOCTOMHCTBOM clenOBeKa. T ~ 6onee
M -COCIU-
TaK cBex ero B XBOCT n B r p m y ~ c n o n b a o -
M opnrMHaneH, c l ~ o HMTenR. ~ ~ M C nOHMMaJl
I ~ M er0 B AyXe csoeR 3nOXM -TO eCTb
Ban Monbep - ABe CueHbl OTIyAa nOCITM 6e3 M ~ M ~ H ~ HBO-
L I ~ ~He KaK CIYBCTBO loMOpa, a KaK OPMrMHaJlbHOCTb MblUlneHMR. C
wnM B ccnnyr~~
C~ane~a
Iyxe
n nocne cMepTM 6 e p x e p a ~ a l . 3 ~ 0TiOclKM 3peHMR c < M ~ n e nyHbl>>
p~~ -
0 6 p a 3 q 0 ~ 0OCTPO-
XnsoA i 3 b 1K~OMeAMM O C O ~ ~ H HHpaBkhlcsl
O n y ' 6 n ~ ~ MHO-
e, yMHoe n p o u s s e n e ~ ~ KCT~TM,
e. asTop HaAenMn ee 0 6 n ~ a ~ e - .
rMe penflMKM M bon mot [ < < c ~ o B ~ o<><>o,c T ~ o T ~M >3> <<O~ypa-
~ ne8 60JlblllM~MHOCBMM, nOTOMy clT0: <<6onbwoiHOC npM- -
cleHHoro neAaHTaw Bownn B noroBopKM. c<Ka~aRxonepa no- 3HaK YclTHBOCTM, nPMBeTnMBOCTM, ~ J ~ ~ ~ O ~ El...>>
O A C TyT
T B OH
Hecna ero Ha 3 ~ ranepy?,,
y -
nosTopslnM napMxaHe, n o ~ o 6 - nOJlbCTMJl ce6e, ~ 6 0 KaK
, M3BeCTH0, CaM a 6 n a ~ a n
TBKMM.
HO TOMY, KaK M ~ AO
I CMX nop noeTopsleM K cnyclalo: c<LUen B
KoMHaTy - nonan B ~pyrylow.
B 1648 roAy cKoHclancR oTeu C a s M ~ b e ~ aHe6onbwoe naea C ~ p a ~Heo conposoxAanacb @ M H ~ H C O B ~ Iycne-

X M ~ nocne
H ~ ~ T O ~HeO OcTanocb HM
BeTbl nPMHRTb nOKPOBMTeJlbCTB0
.
CJleACTBO n03BOnMnO CblHY PaCnJlaTMTbCR C AOJlraMM, HO Ha

- JlMTepaTOpy OH0 ~pe6oea-


HOOH TOJlbKO OTHeKMBaJlCR.
n0Cb eu(e 6onbwe, cleM 0@M~epy.
Ha-

cy. C H O B ~nocnenosanu co- C XOM. B KowenbKe n o - n p e x ~ e ~ryngn


y
M
se-rep, M HacTan
MoMeHT, KorAa nMcaTen0 npMwnocb, no BblpaxeHMm
ne6pe, <<npeB03MOclbCBOD BeJlMKylo nlo6osb K c e o 6 o ~ eM ~
npMHRTb cconeKy>>repuora ~ ' A p n a x o ~ OH
a . nepeexan X M T ~BO
ABOpeu 3TOrO BenbMOXM M OTHblHe BCe TeKCTbl BblHyXAeH
eonburoii HOC 6b1nIlOCBRWaTb eMY. nM6ep~eHnpeBpaTHnC54 B <<npMABOpHO-
KAK flPM3HAK mTMBOCTM rO>> - MOXHO ce6e IlpeACTaBMTb, KaKMe AyuieBHble MYKM OH
1650 roAy B napwxe cTana X O A M T ~no pyKaM pyKonMcb npM 3TOM MCnblTan.

B caMoro rnasiioro M npMclyAnMBoro ~ ~ O M ~ B ~ A 6ep-

nyHbl>>.C OrOBOPKaMM er0 MOXHO Ha3BaTb IlepBblM eBpone8-


~ H M R B A O ~ ~ BMOnOKpOBMTeJllo,
xepaKa - c<ApyroA Mnp, w n M r o c y ~ a p c ~ eMa M M I I ~ ~ M M BMncn ccero>>n o 3 ~ - OT C n p a ~ o
K

HOCTMB, a OH ocTasancR 3 a ~ u p o h .
KaXeTCR, He CnHUlKOM Hpa-
oxuAanM < < M ~ R ~ H cnoBec-
oR

CKMM H a y c l H 0 - $ ~ H T ~ C T H ~ ~ € ! C KPOMaHOM.
MM repoh, BO3Bpaua- B TO BpeMR B BblCWeM 0 6 u e c ~ ~npOuBeTaJl
e npel(!403HblR,
RCb C IlMPYUIKM, BCTynaeT C APY3bRMM B CnOp 0 TOM, '-IT0 TaKOe TaK CKaSaTb, < < M ~ ~ I c K ~ H H o - x ~ M ~ H H ~ I ~ > >Ero
CTMnb. , nOCneA0-
f l y ~ a .n o er0 C O ~ C T B ~ H H OMHeHMlo, M~ 3T0 < < T B K O Xe
~ MMP, BaTeflM C O r M H R n M nyCTble, HO nblllHble MaApMraJlbl, COHeTbl,
KaK Halu, npMcleM H a l l CJlYXMT AnR Her0 JlyHOlo>>.Apy3bR pOHA0, causerie (HenpMHy~~eHHble 6ecenb1, < < ~ O ~ T O B H D > > ) .
noAtiMMam @ a ~ ~ a s eH paacwex, M TorAa OH pewaeTcsl none- C a n o ~ bccpeKnaMMposanMn
~ ranaHTHylo ~ n l o 6 n e ~ ~ o c ue-
~b,
TeTb M IlpOBepMTb... HMBUYloCR Bbllue CBMOEIIIO~BM, rep0M POMaHOB - naCTyXM M
n e p e ~HaMM - ~ 6 0 6 0 ~ H b 3K3epCMC, lfi MeCTaMM HanOMM- naCTyluKM, 6e~clM~JleHHble A M ~ A M CM ~Cena~oHbl
I - n0TpR-
ualou(~RYTOnMlo, MeCTaMM - BHTMYTOnMIO, a MeCTaMM - @M- CaJlM ~ o o 6 p a x e ~ ~e
nPOBMHL(MaJlbHblX AeB cue M ABa CTOne-
~ O C O @ C K M RTpaKTaT. B HeM eCTb M HaYclHble npO3peHMsl ( M A ~ u TMR CIlYCTR.
0 MHOXeCTBeHHOCTM BCeneHHblX, 0 HepaBHOMepHOCTH TeCIe- C n p a ~ oAe 6 e p x e p a ~Tome oTAan AaHb Bce ~ T O AccnpuxoT-
HMR B ~ ~ M Ha ~ H3 eM~ J l e M B K O C M O C ~ ] , M TOclHble TeXHMcleCKMe JlMBOCTM* - COHeTaMM M HeXHbIMM IlOCnaHMRMM, HO B UCJlOM
n p e ~ c ~ a (3 B Oa~ A~Y U~I H~~ I A luap, napawlo-r, a y ~ ~ o ~ a n ~M c b l er0
, BpRA J l M MOXHO OTHeCTM K npeuMO3HMKaM. OH OCTaJlCR
c o u ~ a n b ~ o - n o n ~ ~ ~npoeKTbl c l e c ~ ~BeAyxe K a ~ n a ~ e n n M b ~ , ~ ~ C K O M ~ ~ O M MBCVIaBHOM.
C ~ H B 1653 rOAy Ha CueHy BblXO-
MHOrOe ApyrOe. HapRAy C CePbe3HblMH MblCnRMM KHMra, eC- AMT CneKTaKJlb no er0 CTMXOTBOPHOR TpareAMM <<CMBPT~ Ar-
TeCTBeHHO, COAepXMT MHOXeCTBO BblAyMOK, BpOAe TOrO, clT0 PMnnMHbl>>.6bln YCneX, HO CKOPO <<MCTOPMloHa ~ H ~ M c l H b l f i b

B O K P Y r CBETA R E K A B P b 2005
Comical HISTORY

I/ S T A T E S I OF T H E

AND

II OF T H E I

Written in Frcnb by Cfrm Bwgwac.


I And newly Bnglimad by A. h e A.M.
LONDON,
br H b y Rbdcr, aext d m to&
1 Printed
S~lrauT-r, nepr Bridc-Lurc, h
F&-~~TG#,1 6 8 7.
I 1% 4

AnrnnRc~oen3aanne ccrocynapns n H~nepnRn y n n~Connuan, BAMOHPocran, asmp c<Cnpanon e


nepese~ennoeA. nos en no^. ~ O H ~ O H1687
, ron 6 e p ~ e p a K a ~1900-e
. roabl

CDXeT>>IlpHlLlnOCb CHRTb - RpOM B TyHMKaX CnMUlKOM RBHO H e s a ~ o n r o~o K O H ~ M H C ~ IH ~ ~ nonpocMn


HO n e p e s e 3 ~ero
~ B
pasblrpblean~co6bl~nrrQ)POHA~I, a T H ~ ~ H - ~ ~ ~ ~ O C ~X RH HM KC a ~ ~ y aB ,AOM ABODPOAHO~O 6 p a ~ a .T ~ 28 M Mlonsl 1655 rona
npecTynan Bce qenoseqecKMe ~ ~ K O MH 6~ oI x b ~3 a n o ~ e ~ ~OH . M YMep, <<no-XPMCTMaHCKM*, K I K 3anHCaHO B ~ ~ P U X O A C K O ~ ~
O C T ~ B ~nOKa ~ O <<OTCTpeJlMBaTbCR>>
C ~ HOBblMM nOneMMCleCKM- KHMre M ~ C T H OUePKBM, ~~ rAe er0 nOXOpOHMnM B C ~ M ~ ~ ~ H O M
y- MM nlcbMauM - o nonmmre, nwrepaqpe, rearpe. M - Ha- cKnene.
XHBaTb BCe HOBblX BparOB.
A B 1654 rony - onmb ccnpopblB*. M3 norpa pa$^^ sblwna
AonroxAaHHasl nerlaTHaR KHMxKa ccPa3~b1en p o ~ s s e ~ e ~ u ~ CaMOM KOHqe ~eKa6pR1897 rOAa B flapMxe llPOM3OLU-
rocnoAMHa Ae 6epxepa~a>>,

<<C~epTb ArpMnnM~bl>>.
BKnloqaloqasl KoMeAMlo a0aypa-
~ I R n 47 snMcTon. T ~ xT e 3a H ~ R
~ ~ H H neAaH-r>> nocneAoeana B n a TaKaR MCTOPMR. T e a ~ p<<fl~p-CeH-MapTeH>>
06 0.lepeAHoR npeMbepe. Ho Mano Toro, TO ee ~ a s ~ a -
r M n M Ha P o x a e c ~ ~ KorAa
o,
O ~ ~ F I B M ~

~ o 6 p b l eKaTonMKM CHART no ~ o -
Ka3anocb 6b1, c y ~ b 6 aBApYr ynbl6Hynacb, HO... P o ~ o e o A MaM, - Ha aI$MUIe 3HaqMnOCb COBePWeHHO HMKOMY He M 3 -
yAap 06pywnncsl Ha ronoey C n p a ~ oB npslMoM M nepeHocHoM BecTHoe MMR ae-ropa. Ka3anocb. 6blno cAenaHo Bce, TO
cMblcne. B e r e p o ~ ,KorAa OH e o 3 s p a ~ a n c nB ~ ~ P ~ O F C K Mo6perb R nbecy Ha npoean...
Aeopeq, c BepxHero x a x a c-rponewerocn ~ A ~ H MHa R Hero ~ O H M M ~3T0,
R TOT C B M ~ <<HMKOMY
I ~ He H ~ B ~ C T H ~ I R > >
ynana 6 a n ~ a MJlM. 6b1na c 6 p o u e ~ a ?TO T ~ MK O C T ~ ~ OTaA- C ~ P O C T ~HaKaHyHe
H CneKTaKnR n0npOCMn npOUeHMR y a
HOR. BparM C n p a ~ o ,KoHewo, MeqTanM pacnpasMTbcsl c HMM, a K O H C T ~KHo~~ n e ~ aHcnonHnTenR
, r n a e ~ o ponM
i
HO OAOJleTb H ~ Y C T P ~ ~ L ~ B H 6010
M O ~ewe O HMKOMY He YAaBa- C K B O ~ cne3b1
~ c ~ a 3 a n :c c n p o c ~ n ~MeHsl,
e MORApyr!
n O C b . ~ O ~ T O MCYqeCTBYeT
Y BepCMfl, VTO C < H ~ C W C T H ~ I ACAY- MeHR38 TO, qTO R BTpaBMn BaC B 3T0 6e3HaAexHoe A
qaAn MOT 6blTb IlOflCTpOeH er0 HeapyraMM. HaKO OTMeHRTb npeACTaBneHMe nOBOAa He HalunOCb, M OH
< < ~ ~ T ~ W ~ C T B ~no H flyHe>>
H M K BblXMn, HO OKa3anCSI npHK0- Haqanocb. K o r ~ ax e 3 a ~ a e e caa~pblncsl,3an pesen M rpeMe
saH K nocTenM, H 6 e c c e p ~ e q ~ b~l 'i A p n a x oT ~~ xT e o ~ ~ a ~ aOTnBocTopra.
eMy OT AOMa. EM^ IlpMWnOCb CKMTaTbCR no CbeMHblM X M n M - B qeM me ceKpeT ycnexa <<repo~qec~oR KoMeAMMn c
qaM. Ho caMoe n e v a n w o e - cMnbHaR TpasMa M o64ee oc- Ae 6epxepa~>>? BOBMOXHO,B TOM, TO novM Bce nepco
n a 6 n e ~ ~o ep r a ~ ~ ~ BeposlTHee
~ a , Bcero, cnpoeoqHposanM peanbtibie ntoAn, CospeMeHHMKM rnasHom repon. V l ~ e
pel(MAMB ccTai?Hoi 6 0 n e 3 ~ ~B ncaMoR TRxenoR $ O P M ~ . Bpa- pe, KMXM, Sp~caRnn,K a p 6 o ~ aAe Kac~enbxany,Ae TM
qaM, HaHRTblM APY3bRMM, YAanOCb CHRTb M3HYPMTeflbHble racbo~a,aKTepos M o ~ I $ n e pM~ benbposa, nos-ra J l n ~ b e p a
<<npMCTynblX ~ C T O K OnMXOpaAKM>>,
~ HO HecclacTHblR YraCan. ApyrMX, M0)KHO H~RTH He TOnbKO B CnMCKe ~ e f i C T B y l o ~nMQ, H ~ HO
B nocneatine HecKonbKo MecRqes X M ~ H M OH pa6o~an.B M B n106oR sHyMKnoneAnw. K p o ~ Toro, e y P o c ~ a npeAcTasneH
~a
AoeepweHHe Bcex 6 e ~ npM , OAHOM n3 n e p e e 3 ~ 0 y ~Hero no- COBepweHHO X M B O ~ flapMx, C er0 TeaTpaMM H Henbc~oR6aw-
XMTMnH CYHAYK C PYKOnMCRMM HOBblX ( P ~ H T ~ C T H ~ pOMa- ~ C K H X H ~ RC, Ka6aqKa~M,TpaKTMpaMM M TaK AaJlee.
k
Hoe ~ M C T O P MMCKP~I*
R M c<rocyfiapc~~a M Vl~nep~ Cno n ~ U a n A ewe, HasepHoe, BTOM, TO nbeca 6 o r a ~ aay-reHTMrHblM6ep-
[nepeblk nponan HaecerAa, a HeoKoHqetitiarr pyKonvlcb BTO- XepaKOBCKMM OCTPOYMMeM, M B TOM, ClTO 3T0 - 6 n e c ~ ~ qKO-a ~
poro Hawnacb, B 1662 rOAy ee o n y 6 n ~ ~ o e a n ~ ) . MeAnn, M B TOM, C~TOI $ ~ ~ a Hee n y npM TOM n e q a n b ~ R...b~
Apy3t.g - cTapble n Hoeble, HaeewanM ero. OH OKoHqa- aAe 6 e p x e p a ~ a scpasy x e ~ s ~ a n ua ,TMpax - MoMeti-
TenbHO npMMMpMflCR C 6 o r o ~M oco6oe YTeuJeHMe HaXOAMn TanbHO PaCKynMnM. Ha TMTynbHoA CTpaHMQe AMO OH P O C T ~ H

I
t-
e f i FBHCKMX ~ 0 H a ~ T b l p e f i ~ 0 6 a s u n <<g
BO B€Tpe'-laX C 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ a T e n b H M yAByX : XOTen IlOCBRTMTb 3TY nbeCy naMRTM CMpaH0. HO
C B OKpeCTHOCTRX f l a p ~ x aMaTepbD M a p r a p ~ ~ o R a , TaKXe CO W w a ero nepecenmacb B Bac, K o ~ n e i~l o. s ~ o ~nocBRwato y
CEO& ~ O A C T B ~ H H6apo~eccoR
M ~ ~ ~ ~ Ae HeBMnbe~, KOTOpaR MOD nbecy BaMr.
nocne cMepTM cynpyra xMna ~ ~ M K H ~M TBcex O yAMBngna Ha- TaK Haqanacb Apyrag X M ~ HnapuxcKoro ~ MeqTaTenR, ~ y 3 -
~ O X H O C T ~ HM) MMnOCepAMeM. M, KOHeCIHO, C HMM 6bln Jle6pe. nRHTa M n03Ta. B e q ~ XM3Hb. a ~ +-y- :
-. A
'CJ
r
-

m
I B O K P Y r EBETA A E K A 6 P b 2005

2'

You might also like