Engr. Rodolfo A. Chua, Jr.

History
Galileo
Studied dynamics since 1564 Force, length, and time experiments Dropping weights at leaning tower of Pisa Heavy objects fall more rapidly than light - disagree

Isaac Newton
Newtons laws of motion

Definitions Particle an object of negligible size Body a system of particles

Branches
Kinematics
The geometry of motion Define the motion of a particle or body without

considering the force causing the motion Relationship between displacement, velocity, and acceleration

Kinetics
Relationship between force, mass, and acceleration

Kinematic Motion
1. Displacement 2. Velocity 3. Acceleration

1. Displacement the vector distance from an origin to the position occupied by the particle on its path of travel.
B SB SA O A S B SA A S SB

(rectilinear)
O

(curvilinear)

2. Velocity the time rate of change of displacement.

S t

(rectilinear)

S 2 S 1

vave
S (t )

S = t

S dS = lim vins = t 0 t dt

3. Acceleration the time rate of change of velocity.

v v1 A 1 t 2 v2 B

(rectilinear)

v 2 v 1

aave
v(t )

v = t

v dv = lim ains = t 0 t dt

Differential kinematic equations of motion:

dS v= dt dv a= dt
v dv = a dS

Newtons Laws of Motion

1. A particle acted upon by balanced force system has no acceleration. 2. A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force system has an acceleration in line with and directly proportional to the resultant of the force system. 3. Action and reaction forces between two particles are always equal and oppositely directed.

Kinetic Motion
1. Force 2. Mass/Weight 3. Acceleration

Force system
P2 a P 1 R W

Ra R = ka

Force system (vacuum)

g

Wg W = kg
W R= a g

Dynamic Equilibrium
W a g Inertia Force

DAlemberts Principle
The resultant of the external forces applied to a body (rigid or non-rigid) composed of a system of particles is equivalent to the vector summation of the effective forces acting on all particles.

w1 w2 R= a1 + a2 +... g g

Components
W X = ax = g W Y = ay = g W Z = az = g w1 w2 a1x + a2 x + ... g g w1 w2 a1 y + a2 y + ... g g w1 w2 a1z + a2 z + ... g g

Resultant
W R= a g
a = ax + a y + az
2 2 2 2

The End