Bi 4.

ng Elip

37
BI 4. NG ELIP
I. CC DNG ELIP V C IM
Trc
ln
Hnh dng Elip
Phng trnh v cc yu t trong Elip
Ox
(a > b)

2
2
2 2 2
2 2
1;
y
x
a b c
a b
+ = = +
;
c
e
a
= .
( ) ( )
1 2
; 0 ; ; 0 F c F c . Tiu c: F
1
F
2
= 2c.
A
1
(a; 0); A
2
(a; 0) Trc ln. A
1
A
2
= 2a.
B
1
(0; b); B
2
(0; b) Trc nh. B
1
B
2
= 2b.
1
2
MF a ex
MF a ex
= +

; ng chun
2
a a
x
c e
= =
Oy
(a < b)

2
2
2 2 2
2 2
1;
y
x
b a c
a b
+ = = +
;
c
e
b
= .
( ) ( )
1 2
0 ; ; 0 ; F c F c . Tiu c: F
1
F
2
= 2c.
A
1
(a; 0); A
2
(a; 0) Trc nh. A
1
A
2
= 2a.
B
1
(0; b); B
2
(0; b) Trc ln. B
1
B
2
= 2b.
1
2
MF b ey
MF b ey
= +

; g chun
2
b b
y
c e
= =
y =
(a > b)

( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
( )
1;
y
x
a b c
a b

+ = = +
;
c
e
a
=
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; F c F c + ; F
1
F
2
= 2c.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; A a A a + A
1
A
2
= 2a.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; B b B b + B
1
B
2
= 2b.
( )
( )
1
2
MF a e x
MF a e x
= +

; g chun
2
a
x
c
= +
x =
(a < b)

( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
( )
1;
y
x
b a c
a b

+ = = +
;
c
e
b
=
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; F c F c + ; F
1
F
2
= 2c.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; A a A a + A
1
A
2
= 2a.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; B b B b + B
1
B
2
= 2b.
( )
( )
1
2
MF b e y
MF b e y
= +

; g chun
2
b
y
c
= +
A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
F
1
F
2
M

I
x

y

O

A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
F
1
F
2
M

O
x

y

A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
F
1
F
2
M

I

O

A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
F
1
F
2
M

O

x

y

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

38
II. XC NH PHNG TRNH ELIP THEO CC YU T
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F
1
(8; 0); F
2
(8; 0) v e = 4/5
Bi 2. Vit phng trnh elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F
1
(0; 4); F
2
(0; 4) v e = 4/5
Bi 3. Vit phng trnh elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F
1
(6; 0); F
2
(6; 0) v
5
4
a
b
=
Bi 4. Vit PT elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F
1
(3; 0); F
2
(3; 0) v i qua
( )
5
; 15
4
M
Bi 5. Vit PT elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F
1
(7; 0); F
2
(7; 0) v i qua M(2; 12)
Bi 6. Vit PT elip (E) bit 4 nh l: A
1
(6; 0), A
2
(6; 0), B
1
(0; 3), B
2
(0; 3)
Bi 7. Vit phng trnh ca elip (E) bit 2 nh ca (E) l: (4; 0), ( ) 0; 15
Bi 8. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit tiu im nm trn trc Ox,
i qua im M(8, 12) v
1
20 MF = .
Bi 9. Vit PT chnh tc ca elip (E) bit di trc ln bng 8, khong cch
hai nh lin tip A
1
B
1
= 5.
Bi 10. Vit PT chnh tc ca elip (E) bit mt cnh ca hnh ch nht c s l
x 2 = 0 vi di ng cho bng 6.
Bi 11. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit tiu im nm trn Oy,
e 1 2 = v khong cch 2 ng chun l 8 2 .
Bi 12. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit tiu im nm trn Ox,
( ) ( )
M 5; 2 E v khong cch 2 ng chun l 10.
Bi 13. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua M
1
(2; 1), ( )
2
M 5;1 2
Bi 14. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua ( ) ( )
1 2
M 3 3; 2 , M 3; 2 3
Bi 15. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua
( )
5 4
M ; 2 2 v e
3 5
=
Bi 16. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua
3 5 4 5
M ;
5 5
| |
|
\

v M nhn F
1
F
2
Ox di gc
2

Bi 17. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua
4 2
1
M ;
3 2
| |
|
\

v M nhn F
1
F
2
Ox di gc
3

Bi 18. Tm M(E):
2
2
1
9 4
y
x
+ = sao cho M nhn 2 tiu im di gc bng
2

Bi 19. Tm M(E):
2
2
1
100 25
y
x
+ = sao cho M nhn 2 tiu im di gc bng
2
3

Bi 4. ng Elip

39
III. MT S BI TP MU MINH HA
Bi 1.
( )
2
2
: 1
2 8
y
x
E + = . Tm im M (E) tho mn: 1. C ta nguyn.
2. C tng 2 ta t: a. Gi tr ln nht. b. Gi tr nh nht.
Gii
1. im (x, y) (E) (x, y), (x, y), (x, y) cng (E)
Ta ch cn xt M(x
0
, y
0
) (E) vi x
0
, y
0
0
Ta c:
( )
2 2
0
0 0
2 0 0
0 0
0
0 0
0
0, 2 2
1 2 0 2
2 8
1
1, 2
x
x y
x y
x x
x
x y
= = =
+ =

=
= =

loi
M(1; 2)
Vy cc im thuc (E) c ta nguyn l: (1; 2), (1; 2), (1; 2), (1; 2)
2. im M(x, y) (E)
2
2
1
2 8
y
x
+ = . Theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpski ta c:
Suy ra ( )
( )
2
2
2
2 8 10 10 10
2 8
y
x
x y x y
| |
+ + + = + |
\
. Du bng xy ra

( )
2
4
2 8
10
10
5
y
y x x
x
x y
=
=

=

+ =

1 2
10 4 10 10 4 10
; ; ;
5 5 5 5
M M
| | | |
| |
\ \

Bi 2. Cho (E):
2
2
1
9 5
y
x
+ = . Tm im M (E) tho mn:
a. Bn knh qua tiu im ny bng 2 ln bn knh qua tiu kia ng vi M(E)
b. M nhn on ni 2 tiu im di gc 60
c. M nhn on ni 2 tiu im di gc 90
Gii
M(x, y)(E)
2
2
1
9 5
y
x
+ = . Ta c:
2
2 2 2 2
3 9 3
2 4 5
a a a
c c a b b
= = =



= = = =

( ) ( )
1 2
2; 0 , 2; 0 F F
1 2
2 2
3 ; 3
3 3
c c
F M a x x F M a x x
a a
= + = + = =
a. Yu cu bi ton
( )
( )
1 2
1 2
2 2 3
3 2 3
2
3 3 2
2 3 2 2
3 2 3
2 3 3
x x
x
F M F M
F M F M
x x x

+ =
=
=

=

= = +

15 15 15 15
3 3 3 3
; ; ; ;
2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4
M M M M
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
\ \ \ \

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

40
b. Xt MF
1
F
2
ta c:
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 . cos 60 F F MF MF MF MF = +
( )
2
2
1 2 1 2 1
3 . F F MF MF MF MF = +
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
2 2 3 . c a MF MF =
( )( )
2 2
2 2
1 2
4 4 20 25 2 2 21
. 3 3
3 3 3 3 4 12
a c
MF MF x x x y

= + = = =
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 21 21 21 21
; ; ; ;
2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6
M M M M
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
\ \ \ \

c. Xt MF
1
F
2
ta c:
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 . cos 90 F F MF MF MF MF = +
( )
2
2
1 2 1 2 1
2 . F F MF MF MF MF = +
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
2 2 2 . c a MF MF =
( )( )
2 2
2
1 2
4 4 9 2 2
. 3 3 10
2 3 3 4
a c
MF MF x x x

= + = = (v nghim)
Bi 3. Cho (E):
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > . Tiu im ( )
1
; 0 F c . Tm M(E):
a. on
1
F M ngn nht. b. on
1
F M di nht.
Gii
M(x, y) (E)
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = . Ta c:
1
c
F M a x
a
= + v a x a

c
c x c
a

1
a c F M a c +
a. Xt
1
F M a c x a = = M(a; 0). Vy
1
F M ngn nht khi M(a; 0).
b. Xt
1
F M a c x a = + = M(a; 0). Vy
1
F M di nht khi M(a; 0).
Bi 4. Cho (E):
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > . Tm ta M(E) sao cho tip tuyn
ca (E) ti M to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic c din tch nh nht.
Gii
M(x
0
, y
0
) (E)
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ = . PTTT () ca (E) ti M l:
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
+ =
Gi
( ) ( )
O ; O A y B x
2 2
0 0
0; , ; 0
b a
A B
y x
| | | |
| |
\ \

Bi 4. ng Elip

41

2 2
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
.
2 2 2 2
A B
b a b a
S OA OB y x ab
y x y x
= = = = . Ta c:
2 2
0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
y x x y
ab
S ab
b a y x a b
b a
| |
+ = =
|
\
. Du bng xy ra
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
2
x y
a b
= =
1 2 3 4
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
2 2 2 2
a b a b a b a b
M M M M
a a a a
| | | | | | | |

| | | |
\ \ \ \

Bi 5. Cho (E):
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > . a. CMR: b OM a M (E)
b. Tm 2 im A, B thuc (E) tho mn OA OB v
AOB
S

nh nht.
Gii
M(x, y) (E)
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = .
Ta c:
2 2
1 1
a b
<
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
y y y
x x x
a a a b b b
+ + +
2 2 2 2
2 2
1
x y x y
a b
+ +


2 2 2 2
b x y a + m
2 2
OM x y = + b OM a.
b. Nu A, B l cc nh trn trc th
1
2
OAB
S ab = . Xt A, B khc cc nh suy
ra phng trnh ng thng (OA) c dng y = kx, khi ta c:
2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
1
A A
A
x k x
a b
x
a b b a k
+ = =
+

( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1
1
A A A
k a b
OA x y k x
b a k
+
= + = + =
+
.
Do OA OB H s gc ca (OB) l
1
k

. Tng t ta suy ra:

( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2
1
1
1
1
a b
k k a b
OB
a b k
b a
k
| |
+
|
+ \
= =
+
+

( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
1 1
.
2 2
OAB
k a b
S OAOB
a b k b a k
+
= =
+ +

Ta c:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1
2 2
a b k b a k k a b
a b k b a k
+ + + + +
+ + =
2 2
2 2
OAB
a b
S
a b

+
. Du bng xy ra
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 a b k b a k k k + = + = = .
Do
2 2 2 2
2 2
1
2 2
a b a b
ab
ab
a b
=
+

2 2
2 2
Min
AOB
a b
S
a b
=
+

Vy
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
; ; ;
ab ab ab ab
A B
a b a b a b a b
| | | |

| |
+ + + +
\ \

Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

42
hoc
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
; ; ;
ab ab ab ab
A B
a b a b a b a b
| | | |

| |
+ + + +
\ \


( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
1
1
2
2 1
OAB
k a b
ab
a b k b a k ab abk ab k S
ab k
+
+ + + = + =
+

Bi 6. Cho A(3; 0). Tm B, C (E):
2
2
1
9 3
y
x
+ = sao cho B, C i xng qua Ox
ng thi tho mn ABC u.
Gii
Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s B(x
0
, y
0
) v C(x
0
, y
0
) vi y
0
> 0.
Ta c:
2 2
2 2 0 0
0 0
1 3 9
9 3
x y
x y + = + =
Ta c:
0
2 BC y = v phng trnh (BC): x = x
0

( )
( )
0
, 3 d A BC x =
Do AOx v B, C i xng qua Ox ABC cn ti A
suy ra ABC u
( )
( )
3
,
2
d A BC BC = ( )
2
2
0 0 0 0
3 3 3 3 x y y x = =
( )
2
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
3 9 2 6 0 0 3 x x x x x x + = = = =
Vi ( )
0 0
3 0 x y = = loi . Vi x
0
= 0
0
3 y = ( ) ( ) 0; 3 , 0; 3 B C
Bi 7. Cho (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = (a > b > 0). Chng minh rng:
Tch cc khong cch t F
1
, F
2
n 1 tip tuyn bt k khng i.
Gii
Gi F
1
(c; 0), F
2
(c; 0). Tip tuyn ti im M(x
0
, y
0
) l
(d):
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
+ =
2 2 2 2
0 0
0 b x x a y y a b + =
Tch cc khong cch F
1
, F
2
n (d) l:
T =
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4
0 0 0
4 2 2 2 2
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
0 0
0 0 0 0
b x c a b b x c a b b x c a
b x a a y
b x a y b x a y

=
+
+ +

M(E)
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0
b x a y a b + = , suy ra:
T =
( )
( ) ( )
4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4
0 0 0 2
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2
0 0 0 0
b x a b a b a x b x a
b
b x a a b b x b b x a a x

= =
+ +
= const
Bi 4. ng Elip

43
Bi 8. Cho elip (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = (a > b > 0).
Tip tuyn (t) ct 2 ng thng x a = ti M, N
a. CMR: A
1
M.A
2
N = const. b. Xc nh (t)
2
F MN
S nh nht
c. Gi
1 n
I A N A M . Tm qu tch I. d. CMR:
1 1 2 2
; F M F N F M F N
Gii
a. Tip tuyn (t) tip xc (E) ti T(x
0
, y
0
) c PT:
(t):
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
+ =
2
0
2
0
1
x x
b
y
y
a
| |
=
|
\
vi
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
0 0
; 1 ; ; 1
x x
b b
t x a M a t x a N a
y a y a
| | | |
| | | |
= = + = = | |
| |
\ \
\ \

Do M, N lun cng pha so vi Ox nn A
1
M.A
2
N =
2
4
2 0
2 2
0
. 1
M N
x
b
y y b
y a
| |
= =
|
\

b. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 2 1 2 2 2
S F MN S A MNA S A MF S A NF =
( )
1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2
1 1
. .
2 2
A M A N a A M A F A N A F = + ( )
1 2 1 2
2 2
a c a c
A M A N a A M A N
+
= +
( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 2
2 2
a c a c
A M A N a c A M a c A N b
+
= + + =
xy ra
( ) ( )
2
1 2
a c A M a c A N b = + =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
1
2
2
; , ; : 0
; , ; : 0
A M a c M a a c N a a c t cx ay a
A N a c M a a c N a a c t cx ay a
= + + + =

= + =


c. ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
0 0
1 2
2 2
0 0
: ; :
2 2
b a x b a x
A N y x a A M y x a
a y a y
+
= + =

( )
2 2 2
0 0
1 0 0
2
0
; ;
2
2
n
b a x y
A N A M I x x
a y
| |

| |
| = |
|
\
\
. Ta c:
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ =

( )
( )
2
2
0 0
2 2
/ 2
1
/ 2
y x
a
b
+ = Qu tch im I l elip ( )
( )
2
2
1
2 2
: 1
/ 2
y
x
E
a
b
+ =
d.
( ) ( )
2
1 2 2 2 1 2
. . A M A N b a c a c A F A F = = + =
1 1 2
2 2 2
A M A F
A F A N
=
Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

44
A
1
MF
2
~ A
2
F
2
N

1 2 2 2
A MF A F N = .
M A
1
MF
2
vung ti A
1


1 2 2 2 2 2 2
90 90 A F M A F N MF N F M F N + = =
Bi 9. Cho 2 im M, N thuc tip tuyn (t) ca (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = (a > b > 0)
sao cho cc tiu im F
1
, F
2
nhn MN di 1 gc 90. Tm honh M, N
Gii
Hai im ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , , M x y N x y (t):
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
+ =

2
0
2
0
1
x x
b
y
y
a
| |
=
|
\
vi
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ = ; F
1
(c; 0), F
2
(c; 0)
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2
0 0 1
0 0 2
F M F N F M F N x c x c y y
F M F N F M F N x c x c y y

= + + + =

`
= + =
)



( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2 2 2
1 2 1 1 2 1 2
0 1 2 : 0
0
x x x x
y y x c x x y y c
+ = + =



= + + =


Do M, N (t) nn
2 2
0 1 0 2
1 2
2 2
0 0
1 ; 1
x x x x
b b
y y
y y
a a
| | | |
= =
| |
\ \


( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
1 0 1 0 1 0
1 2
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
b a x x b a x x b a x x
y y
a a x a a y a a b b x

= = =

( )
( )
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1
2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
x a x a x x a x x x x c y y x c b x a
b b a a x b a a x b a a x

= = = =


( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2 0
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
0
1
0 0
x
x a x a x a
b a a x
(
+ = = =
(

(


Bi 10. Cho (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = (a > b > 0). Trong tt c cc hnh ch nht Q
ngoi tip (E), hy xc nh hnh ch nht c din tch Max, Min.
Gii
Gi mt cnh hnh ch nht Q l (d
1
): 0 Ax By C + + =
2 2 2 2 2
a A b B C + =
Bi 4. ng Elip

45

( )
2
2 2 2 2
a A b B C + = (d
1
): 0 Ax By C + = // (d
1
) v cng tip xc (E)
(d
1
) l cnh ca Q i din vi (d
1
). Phng trnh cnh (d
2
) (d
1
) l:
0 Bx Ay D + + = vi
2 2 2 2 2
a B b A D + = v (d
2
): 0 Bx Ay D + =
Khong cch gia (d
1
) v (d
1
) l:
2 2
2 C
A B +
; gia (d
2
) v (d
2
) l:
2 2
2 D
B A +

Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s
2 2
1 A B + =
S =
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 1 1 CD a A b A a A b A
( (
= + +


( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 1 b a b A a a b A a b a b A A
( (
= + = +


( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 1 1
0 1
2 4
A A
A A
(
+
=
(

( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 2
4
a b
a b S a b a b

+ = +
Min S = 4ab ; Max S =
( )
2 2
2 a b +
Bi 11. Cho ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 4; : 1 C x y C x y + = + = . Cc im A, B di ng trn
(C
1
), (C
2
) sao cho Ox l phn gic ca gc AOB. Gi M l trung im AB.
Tm qu tch im M.
Gii
Ly B
1
i xng B qua Ox ( )
1
;
B B
B x y OA v
1
2 OA OB =

( ) 2 ; 2
B B
A x y

3
;
2 2
B B
x y
M
| |
|
\
. M
2 2
1
B B
x y + = nn nu M(x; y) th
2
2
1
9 / 4 1/ 4
y
x
+ =
Tng qut: Cho ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
: ; : C x y a b C x y a b + = + + = (0 < b < a).
Cc im A, B di ng trn (C
1
), (C
2
) sao cho Ox l phn gic ca gc AOB.
Gi M l trung im AB, khi M (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ =
Bi 12. Cho A(2; 0) v (C):
( )
2
2
2 36 x y + + = . Vit phng trnh qu tch tm
cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc (C).
Gii
(C):
( )
2
2
2 36 x y + + = l ng trn tm B(2; 0), bn knh R = 6.
Gi M l tm ng trn i qua A v tip xc (C) ti N
MA + MB = MN + MB = BN = 6.
Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

46
Vy qu tch M l elip (E) nhn A, B lm tiu im v c di trc ln bng 6.
V A, B Ox v i xng nhau qua O nn (E) c dng
( )
2
2
2 2
: 1
y
x
E
a b
+ = (0 < b < a)
Vi 2a = 6; b
2
= a
2
c
2
=
2 1
9 5
4
AB =
( )
2
2
: 1
9 5
y
x
E + =
Bi 13. Cho ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
1 2
: 5 441; : 5 25 C x y C x y + + = + = . Gi M l tm
ng trn (C) di ng tip xc vi (C
1
), (C
2
). Tm qu tch M bit:
a. (C) tip xc trong vi (C
1
) v tip xc ngoi vi (C
2
).
b. (C) tip xc trong vi (C
1
) v (C
2
).
Gii
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
: 5; 0 , 21 ; : 5; 0 , 5 C O R C O R = =
a. M(x; y) l tm:
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
; 26 R R MO R R MO MO MO R R = + = + = + =
T suy ra tp hp cc im
( )
2
2
: 1
169 144
y
x
M E + =
b. M(x; y) l tm:
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
; 16 R R MO R R MO MO MO R R = = + = =
T suy ra tp hp cc im
( )
2
2
: 1
64 39
y
x
M E + =
Bi 14. Cho elip (E):
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > vi cc tiu im
1 2
, F F .
Chng minh: Vi mi im M(E) ta lun c:
2 2 2
1 2
. OM MF MF a b + = +
Gii
t
( )
( )
2 2
0 0
0 0
2 2
; 1
x y
M x y E
a b
+ = , (1)
Ta c:
2 2 2
0 0 1 0 2 0
, ,
c c
OM x y MF a x MF a x
a a
= + = + =
Do :
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
.
c a c
OM MF MF x y a x a x y
a a
| |

+ = + + = + +
|
\


2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0
0 0
2 2 2
x y
b
a x y a b a b
a a b
| |
= + + = + + = + |
\
(pcm)
Bi 4. ng Elip

47
Bi 15. Cho elip (E) c phng trnh
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > >
Gi A v B l hai im thuc elip (E) sao cho OA vung gc vi OB.
1. Chng minh rng
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
OA OB a b
+ = +
2. CMR: ng thng AB lun lun tip xc vi mt ng trn c nh.
Gii
1. Trng hp 1. A, B nm trn cc trc Ox, Oy.
Ta c:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
OA OB a b
+ = +
Trng hp 2: A, B khng nm trn cc trc Ox, Oy.
Phng trnh ng thng OA l:
( )
0 y kx k =
Ta ca A tha h
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
1
1
*
A
A A
A
a b
x y
x
a k b k a b
OA x y
a b
a k b a b k
y
y kx
a k b

+ = + +
= + =

+

=
=

+

OB OA nn phng trnh ca OB c dng:
1
y x
k
=
Thay x bng
1
k
vo (*) ta c:
( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
1 k a b
OB
a b k
+
=
+

Ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
1 1 1 1
1
k a b a b
OA OB a b a b k a b
+ + +
+ = = = +
+

Vy c hai trng hp trn ta u c:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
OA OB a b
+ = + (pcm)
2. Trong tam gic OAB k ng cao OH, ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
OH OA OB a b
= + = +
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
a b ab
OH OH
a b
a b
= =
+
+
. Vy ng thng AB lun lun tip xc
vi ng trn c nh, tm O(0; 0) v bn knh
2 2
ab
R
a b
=
+

O

A
B
x
y
Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

48
Bi 16. Cho (E):
2
2
1
9 4
y
x
+ = v
( ) ( )
1 2
: 0, : 0 d mx ny d nx my = + = , vi
2 2
0 m n + .
1. Xc nh giao im M, N ca
1
d vi (E) v giao im P, Q ca
2
d vi (E)
2. Tnh theo m, n din tch t gic MPNQ.
3. Tm iu kin i vi m, n din tch t gic MNPQ nh nht.
Gii
1. Phng trnh tham s ca
1
d v
2
d l:
( ) ( )
1 2
: ; :
x nt x mt
d d
y mt y nt
= =

= =


Ta ca M, N l nghim ca phng trnh tng giao gia (
1
d ) v (E):
2 2 2 2
2 2
6
1
9 4
9 4
n t m t
t
m n
+ = =
+


2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 6 6 6
; , ;
9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4
n m n m
M N
m n m n m n m n
| | | |
| |
+ + + +
\ \

Ta ca P, Q l nghim ca phng trnh tng giao gia (
2
d ) v (E):
2 2 2 2
2 2
6
4
9 4
4 9
m t n t
t
m n

+ = =
+

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 6 6 6
; , ;
4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9
m n m n
P Q
m n m n m n m n
| | | |

| |
+ + + +
\ \

2. Ta c: MN PQ ti trung im O ca mi ng nn t gic MPNQ l hnh
hnh thoi. Din tch hnh thoi MPNQ l:
S =
1
2
MN.PQ = 2OM.OP =
2 2 2 2
2 .
M M P P
x y x y + +
( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
72
9 4 4 9
m n
m n m n
+
=
+ +

3. Theo bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 9 4 4 9 13
9 4 4 9
2 2
m n m n
m n m n m n
+ + +
+ + = +
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
72
144 144
min =
13 13 13
2
m n
S S
m n
+
=
+
t c khi
2 2 2 2 2 2
9 4 4 9 m n m n m n m n + = + = =
Q
N
P
M
O
x
y
Bi 4. ng Elip

49
Bi 17. Cho elip (E) c phng trnh
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > , vi cc tiu im
1 2
, F F . Chng minh rng tip tuyn ti mt im M bt k trn (E) l phn
gic ca gc

1 2
F MF .
Gii
Ly bt k im
( )
( )
0 0
; M x y E .
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca (E) ti im M
c dng
0 0
2 2
1
x y
x y
a b
+ =
Gi
( )
2
0
0
; 0 0
a
I Ox I x
x
| |
=
|
\

Ta c:
1 0 2 0
,
c c
MF a x MF a x
e a
= + = nn
2
0
0 1 1 1
2
2 2
0 2
0
IF IF
IF
IF
c
a x
a cx MF
a
c MF
a cx
a x
a
+
+
= = = =

T suy ra l phn gic ngoi ca gc

1 2
F MF (pcm)
Bi 18. Trn mt phng ta Oxy, cho im F
1
(2,1), F
2
(6, 4). Mt elip (E)
nhn F
1
, F
2
lm 2 tiu im v tip xc vi Ox ti M. Tm ta M.
Gii
Nhn xt: Nu tip cn bi ton bng cch
lp phng trnh tng qut ca elip (E)
nhn F
1
, F
2
lm 2 tiu im v tip xc vi
Ox

sau tm ta th chng ta rt v
vng khi lp phng trnh ca elip (E).
Chng ta s gii bi ton ny bng cch s
dng bi 17 vi tnh cht tip tuyn Ox l
phn gic ngoi ca gc

1 2
F MF .
Ly ( )
1
2, 1 F

i xng vi ( )
1
2,1 F . Do
Ox l phn gic ngoi ca gc

1 2
F MF nn
1 2
, , F M F

thng hng. Gi M(x, 0) th

( ) ( )
( )
( ) 1 1 2
14 14
2,1 4, 5 5 2 4 ; 0
5 5
F M kF F x k x x M

= = = =


4
1
1
2
M 6
F
1
F
2
F
1

x
y
0
O
M
x
y
F
2
F
1
()
I
Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng

50
IV. CC BI TP DNH CHO BN C T GII
Bi 1. Cho (E):
2
2
1
16 9
y
x
+ = v (d): 3 4 12 0 x y + = .
1. Chng minh rng:ng thng (d) ct elip (E) ti 2 im A, B. Tnh AB.
2. Tm C(E) sao cho: a. ABC c S = 6. b. ABC c S Max.
c. ABC cn A hoc B d. ABC vung.
Bi 2. Cho hai im ( ) ( )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 A a A a vi a > 0 v hng s k 0, k 1.
Lp phng trnh qu tch cc im M tho mn:

2
1 2 2 1
tg . tg MA A MA A k = .
Bi 3. Cho im A(4; 0) v ng trn (C):
( )
2
2
4 100 x y + = .
Lp phng trnh qu tch tm cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc vi (C)
Bi 4. Cho im A(0; 6) v ng trn (C) c phng trnh
2 2
100 x y + = .
Lp phng trnh qu tch tm cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc vi (C).
Bi 5. Cho im A(3; 3) v ng trn (C):
( )
( )
2 2
1 1 16 x y + = .
Lp phng trnh qu tch tm cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc vi (C).
Bi 6. Cho A(3; 3) v 2 ng trn ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
1 2
: 1 16; : 1 1 C x y C x y + + = + = .
Gi M l tm ng trn (C) di ng tip xc vi (C
1
), (C
2
).
Tm qu tch im M, bit:
a. (C) tip xc trong vi (C
1
) v tip xc ngoi vi (C
2
).
b. (C) tip xc trong vi (C
1
) v (C
2
).
Bi 7. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip (E):
2
2
1
25 16
y
x
+ =
1. Tm iu kin k v m ng thng
( )
: d y kx m = + tip xc vi elip (E).
2. Khi (d) l tip tuyn ca (E), gi giao im ca (d) v cc ng thng 5 x =
v 5 x = l M v N. Tnh din tch tam gic FMN theo k, trong F l tiu
im ca (E) c honh dng.
3. Xc nh k tam gic FMN c din tch b nht.
Bi 8. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip (E):
2
2
1
25 16
y
x
+ = v im M(8;6)
trn mt phng ta . Qua M v cc tip tuyn vi (E) v gi s T
1
, T
2
l cc
tip im. Vit phng trnh ng thng ni T
1
, T
2
.