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chuyên đề 13 - Tích phân và ứng dụng
chuyên đề 13 - Tích phân và ứng dụng
chuyên đề 13 - Tích phân và ứng dụng
Bang 1
Ham so f(x) a ( hang so) Ho nguyen ham F(x)+C ax + C x +1 +C +1 ln x + C
ax +C ln a ex + C
x 1 x ax ex
sinx cosx
1 ax + b
eax + b
sin(ax+b) cos(ax+b)
1 cos (ax + b)
2
1 cos2 x
1 sin2 x
u' ( x ) u( x ) tgx cotgx
1 ax + b e +C a
-cotgx + C
1 sin (ax + b)
2
ln u( x ) + C
1 x a2
2
ln cos x + C ln sin x + C
1 x +a
2 2
ln x + x 2 + a2 + C
Phng phap 1: Phan tch tch phan a cho thanh nhng tch phan n gian co cong thc trong bang nguyen ham c ban Cach phan tch : Dung bien oi ai so nh mu, luy tha, cac hang ang thc ... va bien oi lng giac bang cac cong thc lng giac c ban. V du : Tm ho nguyen ham cua cac ham so sau: 1 2x 5 1. f ( x ) = cos3 x + 2. f(x) = 2 x 4x + 3 x +1 x 83
Phng phap 2: S dung cach viet vi phan hoa trong tch phan tgx 1 + ln x V du: Tnh cac tch phan: 1. cos5 x sin xdx 2. 3. dx dx x cos x I. TNH TCH PHAN BANG CACH S DUNG N VA CAC TNH CHAT TCH PHAN 1. nh ngha: Cho ham so y=f(x) lien tuc tren [ a; b] . Gia s F(x) la mot nguyen ham cua ham so f(x) th:
2. Cac tnh chat cua tch phan: Tnh chat 1: Neu ham so y=f(x) xac nh tai a th : Tnh chat 2:
f ( x )dx = 0
a
f ( x )dx = f ( x )dx
a b b a
Tnh chat 3: Neu f(x) = c khong oi tren [ a; b] th: cdx = c(b a) Tnh chat 4: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren [ a; b] va f ( x ) 0 th
f ( x )dx 0
a
Tnh chat 5: Neu hai ham so f(x) va g(x) lien tuc tren [ a; b] va f ( x ) g( x ) x [ a;b] th
f ( x )dx g( x )dx
a b a
Tnh chat 6: Neu f(x) lien tuc tren [ a; b] va m f ( x ) M ( m,M la hai hang so) th
m(b a) f ( x )dx M (b a)
Tnh chat 7: Neu hai ham so f(x) va g(x) lien tuc tren [ a; b] th
[ f ( x ) g( x )] dx = f ( x )dx g( x )dx
Tnh chat 8: Neu ham so f(x) lien tuc tren [ a; b] va k la mot hang so th
a a a
k. f ( x )dx = k. f ( x )dx
Tnh chat 9: Neu ham so f(x) lien tuc tren [ a; b] va c la mot hang so th
a a
84
0 3
x dx 2x + 1
3
3) x 1 xdx
0
4) 8)
4x + 11 dx x + 5x + 6 0
2
6)
x x2 + 2x + 1dx 0
2 0
1 + sin 2x 9) dx cos2 x 0
11)
6
12)
1 dx . e +1 0
x
17)
3
Bai 2: 1) 5)
3
4 dx x + 2x 3
2
2
16)
cos x dx 0 5 2 sin x
2
1dx
2) 6)
3x + 2dx
3) 7)
( x + 2 x 2 )dx
0
4)
1 2
x2 +
1 2dx x2
2x 4dx
1 + cos 2xdx
1 + sin xdx
8) x 2 x dx
0
Bai 3: 1) Tm cac hang so A,B e ham so f(x) = A sin x + B thoa man ong thi cac ieu kien f (1) = 2
'
va
f(x)dx = 4
0
[a
0
II. TNH TCH PHAN BANG PHNG PHAP OI BIEN SO : 1) DANG 1:Tnh I = f[u(x)].u' (x)dx bang cach at t = u(x)
a
t = u ( x) dt = u ' ( x)dx x=b t = u (b) Bc 2: oi can : x=a t = u (a) Bc 3: Chuyen tch phan a cho sang tch phan theo bien t ta c I = f [u ( x)].u ' ( x)dx = f (t )dt (tiep tuc tnh tch phan mi)
b u (b ) a u (a)
85
2) cos5 xdx
0
3) 7)
sin 4x dx 1 + cos2 x 0
4) x 3 1 x 2 dx
0
6)
cos
0 1 0
1
4
dx
1 + ln x dx x
8)
cos xdx
0
9)
1 + ln 2 x x dx 1
10) x 5 (1 x3 )6 dx
11)
12)
tg4 x dx cos2x
13)
14)
2 2
dx 15)
dx x x 3 ln 3 e + 2e
16)
sin 2 x dx 2 0 ( 2 + sin x )
2
18) (1 tg 8 x)dx
0
19)
dx
20)
dx
21)
dx
24)
1
1 + 3 ln x ln x dx x
25)
1 2 sin 2 x dx 0 1 + sin 2 x
4
x = (t ) dx = ' (t )dt x=b t= Bc 2: oi can : x=a t = Bc 3: Chuyen tch phan a cho sang tch phan theo bien t ta c
0 1
1 x 2 dx
2)
1 1 + x2 dx 0
2
3)
1 4 x2
dx
4)
1 dx x x +1 0
2
5)
x dx 4 x + x2 + 1 0
6)
1 1 + cos x + sin x dx 0
7) 86
2 2
x2 1 x2
dx
8) x 2 4 x 2 dx
1
9)
x
2
2 3
1 x 1
2
dx
10)
1
1
9 + 3x 2 dx x2
11)
1 x (1 + x )
cos x
5
dx
12)
1 x x2 1
dx
2 3
13)
cos x dx 7 + cos 2 x
1+ x4 14) dx 1+ x6 0
15)
1 + cos x
2
dx
16)
dx 1 x + 2x + 2
2
17)
1 0
dx 1 + 1 + 3x
18)
x x 1 dx 1 x5
2
II. TNH TCH PHAN BANG PHNG PHAP VI PHAN: Tnh cac tch phan sau: 1)
x
3
1
x2 + 1
dx
2)
0
2 0
7 3
x3 1+ x2
dx
3)
x 5 1 + x 2 dx dx x x2 + 4
4)
ln 2
1 ex + 2
dx
5)
7 3
x +1 dx 3 3x + 1
6)
2 3 x x + 1dx
7)
2 3
III. TNH TCH PHAN BANG PHNG PHAP TCH PHAN TNG PHAN: Cong thc tch phan tng phan:
b
Bc 2: Thay vao cong thc tch phan tng tng phan : udv = [u.v ]a vdu Bc 3: Tnh [u.v ]a
b
va vdu
a
2) x cos2 xdx
0
3) e x sin xdx
0
sin
0
xdx
5) x ln 2 xdx
1
6)
x + sin x dx cos2 x 0
87
9)
ln(1 + x) dx x2
2
0
( x + 1)
1 e
0 e
11) (x ln x)2 dx
1
ln x
dx
14)
xtg xdx
2 0
17)
1
3 2
ln x x
dx
MOT SO BAI TOAN TCH PHAN QUAN TRONG VA NG DUNG Bai 1: 1) CMR neu f(x) le va lien tuc tren [-a;a] (a>0) th : 2) CMR neu f(x) chan va lien tuc tren [-a;a] (a>0) th :
2 2
0
a
a
f(x)dx = 0
a 0
f(x)dx = 2 f(x)dx
Bai 2: 1) CMR neu f(t) la mot ham so lien tuc tren oan [0,1] th: a) f(sin x)dx = f(cos x)dx
b) xf(sin x)dx = f(sin x)dx 20 0
0
vi n Z+
2)
3)
4) x sin xdx
5 0
5)
dx
x + cosx dx 4 sin 2 x
4
6)
x 4 + sin x x 2 + 1 dx 1
7)
4 cos
0
x sin x
2
8)
x cos
0
Bai 3:CMR neu f(x) lien tuc va chan tren R th AP DUNG : Tnh cac tch phan sau: x4 1) x dx 2 +1 1
1
vi R + va a > 0 ; a 1
2)
1 x2 dx 1 + 2x
88
3)
sin 2 x 3x + 1 dx
IV .NG DUNG TCH PHAN TNH DIEN TCH HNH PHANG: Cong thc:
y
(C1 ) : y = f ( x ) (C ) : y = g ( x ) 2 (H ) : 1 : x = a 2 : x = b
x=a
(H )
y b
(C2 ) : x = g ( y) y =b (H ) y=a
a
O
( C 1 ) : x = f ( y ) ( C ) : x = g ( y ) (H ) : 2 1 : y = a 2 : y = b
x
b O
x
(C1 ) : x = f ( y)
S = [ f ( x) g ( x)]dx a yC1 y C2
b
x2 y = 4 4 1) (H1): 2 y = x 4 2 4)
y = x2 (H4): 2 x = y ln x y = 2 x (H7): y = 0 x = e x = 1
2
2 y = x 4x + 3 2) (H2) : y = x + 3
y = x 5) (H5): 2 y = 2 x y = x 2 2x 8) (H8) : 2 y = x + 4x
7)
y 2y + x = 0 10) (H10): x + y = 0
(C ) : y = x 11) (d ) : y = 2 x (Ox)
V. NG DUNG TCH PHAN TNH THE TCH VAT THE TRON XOAY. Cong thc: 89
y x=a
x=b (C ) : y = f ( x)
y b x=0 y =b (C ) : x = f ( y) y=a
y=0
x
b
a
O
V = [ f ( x)] dx
b a
V = [ f ( y )] dy
b a
Bai 1: Cho mien D gii han bi hai ng : x2 + x - 5 = 0 ; x + y - 3 = 0 Tnh the tch khoi tron xoay c tao nen do D quay quanh truc Ox Bai 2: Cho mien D gii han bi cac ng : y = x; y = 2 x; y = 0 Tnh the tch khoi tron xoay c tao nen do D quay quanh truc Oy Bai 3: Cho mien D gii han bi hai ng : y = (x 2)2 va y = 4 Tnh the tch khoi tron xoay c tao nen do D quay quanh: a) Truc Ox b) Truc Oy Bai 4: Cho mien D gii han bi hai ng : y = 4 x 2 ; y = x 2 + 2 . Tnh the tch khoi tron xoay c tao nen do D quay quanh truc Ox 1 x2 Bai 5: Cho mien D gii han bi cac ng : y = 2 ; y = x +1 2 Tnh the tch khoi tron xoay c tao nen do D quay quanh truc Ox
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