犬塚、ディジタル計測、静岡大学講義資料

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.
432-8561 3-5-1
e-mailtehinuz@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp
Home page URLhttp://teils.eng.shizuoka.ac.jp
GUI)
AD
1bit

p(x)
n
ADFS
1/q
FS
q= n
2
q FS
= n +1
2 2
1 q/2
xp( x)dx = q q / 2xdx = 0
-q/2
q/2
(rms)
3
3
1 q/2 2
1 q q
q
2
x p( x)dx = q q / 2x dx = 3q 2 + 2 = 12

p(x)
n
1/q
FS
q= n
2
FS
+ q = n
2
q
1 q
xp( x)dx = q 0 xdx = 2
(rms)
q
1 q 2
1 3
x p( x)dx = q 0 x dx = 3q q + 0 = 3
2
AD
AD
FS
2 2
FS
2
2
n 12
=
=2
FS
8
2 n 12
12
[dB] = 20 log10 2
8
= 1.761 + 6.02n
[dB]
n
:Vb
FS
Vb = n
2
D
SN
N
FS
nAD
D = 6.02n + 1.761
[dB ]
1.76
N=
[bit ]
6.02
fs > 2 fH
fs > 5 fH
DA
AD
AD
AD[12]
AD
AD
AD
AD
AD
DA

SNSN
SN = 6.02n + 1.761
[dB ]
3 2n f S
= 2
2
2 fB
1bit
0
(t a)
(t a) =
(t = a)
(t )dt = 1
x(t ) (t a )dt = x(a )
0
(t a)
[t a] =
1
(t = a)
1
a
[t ]dt = [t ] = 1
x[t ] [t a]dt = x[t ] [t a] = x[a]
s (t ) =
(t nT )
n =
T:
Tfs
n:
xs [t ] = xs [nT ] = x(t ) s (t )
= x(t ) (t nT )
n =
= x(nT ) (t nT )
n =
t=nT
AD
DA
CPU
CRT
FFT

BW
:
0.35
Tro =
[
s]
BW
Trm = T + T
2
rs
2
ro
[]
[Hz]
/ [s]

GP-IB HP-IB)
(General Purpose Interface Bus)

RS-232C
(Recommended Standard)
SCSI
(Small Computer System Interface)
VXI
(VMEbus Extensions for Instrumentation)
USB (USB2.0)
(Universal Serial Bus)
IEEE1394 (FireWire) (i.LINK)
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1394)
[1]
PDC
AH5521B
PHS
AH5522
V
R=
I
2 ( )
1
f =
( f 1 + f1 )
2h
1
'
( f 2 8 f 1 + 8 f1 f 2 )
f0 =
12h
'
0
f ' = 1 ( f f f + f + f + f )
0
3
2
1
1
2
3
12h

f (t ) = e
j t
df ( t )
= j e j t
dt
A
f
1
f =
( f 3 f 2 f 1 + f1 + f 2 + f 3 )
12h
'
0
1
f =
( f 3 2 f 2 3 f 1 + 3 f1 + 2 f 2 + f 3 )
36h
'
0
h
f ( x )dx = ( f 0 + 2 f1 + 2 f 2 + + 2 f N 1 + f N )
2
h
f ( x )dx = ( f 0 + 4 f1 + 2 f 2 + 4 f 3 + + 4 f N 1 + f N )
3
1.5
1.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0
10
12
10
12
10
12
1
y (i ) =
N
N 1
2
x(i + j )
j =
N 1
2
N 1
N 1
i=
+ 1, , N
2
2
: H(f)
1
H ( f
)
2fNT
2(1 cos(2fNT ))
0.443 f S
fC =
N
T
fS
[8]
xi ( k ) = si ( k ) + ni ( k )
M
1
x(k ) =
M
1
xi ( k ) =
M
i =1
1
si ( k ) +
M
i =1
n (k )
i =1
SN
10 log10 M
[dB ]
[8]
FIR
FIRFinite Impulse Response)
N 1
2
h x(k n)
y (k ) =
n =
N 1
2
N 1
2
h X ( z) z
Y ( z) =
n=
H ( ) =
N 1
2
N 1
2
h
n=
N 1
2
exp( jkT )
FIR
S(f)
fS
2
S(f)
S(f)
SN
fS
2
fS
2
FIR
FIR
1
hL ( n ) =
sin C nT
n
C
T
hH ( n ) = ( 1) hL ( n )
H =
hBP ( n ) = 2 cos(n 0T )hL ( n ) C = H L

2
hBR ( n ) = hL1 ( n ) + ( 1) hL 2 ( n )
n
H =
0 =
H + L
2
FIR
2n
Wn = 0.5 + 0.5 cos
N 1
2n
Wn = 0.54 + 0.46 cos
N 1
4n
2n
Wn = 0.42 + 0.5 cos
+ 0.08
N 1
N 1
hW ( n ) = h( n ) Wn

FIR
2kn
H ( k ) = h ( n ) exp( j
)
N
n =0
N 1
1
h(n) =
N
N 1
H (k ) exp( j
k =0
2kn
)
N
0
() [rad]
( )
[s]
( ) =
( )
g ( ) =
[s]
[10]
h(n ) = (n) (n N )
H ( z) = 1 Z
NT
NT
H ( ) = exp( j
) 2 j sin
2
2
0f0
1
f0 =
n
NT
T:
n
[4]
FIR
N
f S Aa 7.95
N =
+ 1
f 14.36
[[x ]]
fs
AadB21dB
Nffs
FIR
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
A(f)
A(f)
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
f/fs
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
f/fs
FIR
fS
2
FIR
FIR
FIRN/2
LPFBRF1
FIR
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
FIR
y (k ) =
N 1
2
h x(k n)
n =
N 1
2
hS = hn
y (k )
y ' (k ) =
hS
IIR
IIR(Infinite Impulse Response)
y ( k ) = hn x ( k n )
n =0
M
i =1
j =0
= ai y ( k i ) + b j x ( k j )
N
H ( z) =
j
b
Z
j
j =0
M
1 ai Z i
i =1
IIR
IIR
[9]
FIR
IIR
[13]
y ( n ) = median[x ( n k ), , x ( n ), , x ( n + k )]
mediank+1
K
)
x(n k ) y(n
y(n)
k = K
K
[14],[15]
N 1
2
a F [x(n) x(n k )]
y (n) = x(n)
k =
N 1
2
F(x)0
N 1
2
a x' (n k )
y (n) =
k =
X(n-k)=
N 1
2
X(n-k) x(n)-x(n-k)0
X(n)
x(n)-x(n-k)>0
LMSLeast Mean Square)
RLS(Recursive Least Square)

[25]
2nt
2nt
+ bn sin
x ( t ) = a0 + an cos
T
T
n =1
n =1
2nt
x (t ) = cn exp( j
)
T
n =
1
cn =
T
2nt
x (t ) exp( j
)dt
T
3
2
x(t)
x(t)
1
0
0
-1
-1
-2
-2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
-3
0
500
1000
1500
2000
X ( f ) = x (t ) exp( j 2ft )dt
1
x (t ) =
2
X ( f ) exp( j 2ft )dt
2nk
X k = x ( n ) exp( j
)
N
n =0
N 1
1
x(n) =
N
2nk
X k exp( j
)
N
k =0
N 1
2nk
X k = x ( n ) exp( j
)
N
n =0
N 1
Xk=Ak+jBk
S f = X k = Ak + Bk
2
Wiener-Khinthine
1 T
Rxx ( ) = lim
x (t ) x (t + )dt
T 2T T
S f = Rxx ( ) exp( j 2f )d
DFT/FFT
10000
N2
Nlog2N/2
N(N-1) Nlog2N
1000
100
10
N
1
10
100
1000
10000
data number
FFT (split radix)[20]
FFT [21]
FFT,

[s]
[Hz]
[s]
FFT
t[s]n[]
f=n/t [Hz]
1 d (t )
n
f =
=
t 2 dt
[16]-[18]
1
Rxx ( ) = lim
T 2T
x (t ) x (t + )dt
S f = Rxx ( ) exp( j 2f )d
*
R (t , ) = x t + x t
2 2
W (t , f ) = R (t , ) exp( j 2f )d
fs/4=1/(4T)
[22]
sin 2 { ( n m ) / 2}
xa ( n ) = x ( n ) + j x ( m )
(n m) / 2
mn
,,
[19]
(x1 (t ), x2 (t ) ) = t 0 x1 (t ) x2 (t )* dt
t1
1 m=n
n,m
0 mn
(n ,m ) = n ,m
x ( t ) = X k k ( t )
k =0
[19]
0.50
(t)
0.25
0.00
-0.25
-0.50
-1
1 tb
J (t ) =
I
a a
a: b:
w( a , b) = x ( t ) J ( t )* dt
t2
exp 2 exp ( jt )
G ( t ) =
2

1
1/a
[10]
/MT
H()
L /T
H()
FIR
H ' ( z) = Z
N 1
2
H ( z)

[26]
L
x
CT2
CT1
t1
t2
t = t2-t1
Gain
Frequency
Gain
Cable
Frequency
Digital
filter
2.5
[%]
Current [A]
300
200
100
1.5
0
0.5
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
Time s]
[
10.4
10.5
10.6

[23]
PIN
A/D
PIN3
[A.U.]
15000
10000
5000
0
-5000
100
200
[ms]
300
400
[A.U.]
15000
10000
5000
0
-5000
100
200
[ms]
300
400
VTR
()
[V]
0.02
21mm()
0.4mm
0.01
0.03
0.5
[s]
1.0
0.03
0.02
[V]
[V]
0.02
0.01
0
-0.01
0
0.01
0.5
[s]
1.0
12mm
0.3mm
-0.01
0
500
1000
(4)
OTDR)
OTDR)
10 log10 M
[dB ]

60dB
6.7s
67s
670s
670s1000000670s
OTDR)
SN
[24]
AH5522
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
-20
-10
10
20
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
()
So = r ( v ) ( + e2 ) r ( v ) r ( u ) (
+ e1 ) r (u ) r ( ) pr ( ) Si
So ' = r ( v ) ( ) r ( v ) r ( u ) ( ) ( + e1 ) 1 r ( u ) 1 r ( v ) 1 ( + e2 ) 1 r ( v ) 1 So
2
2

[1] 1990).
[2] (
1989).
[3] (
1989).
[4] (
1989).
[5] (
1991)
[6] (1989).
[7] (1977).
[8] (
1986).
[9] R.W.Hamming,,1980).
[10] CQ,19990).
[11] ,,1967).
[12] Nihal kularatna:Digital and Analogue Instrumentation testing and

measurement,IEE, London, 2003.
[13]
, (1993).
[14]
Vol.J65-A, pp.297-304, (1982).

[15]
Vol.J71-A, pp145-154,
(1988).
[16] T.A.C.M.Claasen and W.F.G.Mecklenbrauker, Philips J. Res. 35, 217
(1980).
(1980).
(1980).
[19] C.K.Chui, (
1993).
[20] H.V.Sorensen, D.L.Jones, M.T.Heideman and C.S.Burrus, IEEE

Trans. Acoust. Speech & Signal Processing, ASSP-35, 849 (1987).
[21] H.V.Sorensen, M.T.Heideman and C.S.Burrus, IEEE Trans. Acoust.
Speech & Signal Processing, ASSP-34, 152 (1986).
[22] Wigner
, Vo.77,
No.11, pp.1154-1162 (2001).
[23]
Vol.6, No.6,
pp.383-390, (2002).
[24]
OCT1996, pp.43-46, (1996).

[25] Simon Haykin, 1987.
[26]
,,
Vol.120-B, No.11, pp.1416-1423, (2000).

犬塚、ディジタル計測、静岡大学講義資料

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犬塚、ディジタル計測、静岡大学講義資料

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Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

x(t ) (t a )dt = x(a )

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

hBP ( n ) = 2 cos(n 0T )hL ( n ) C = H L

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

LMSLeast Mean Square)

RLS(Recursive Least Square)

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

X ( f ) = x (t ) exp( j 2ft )dt

X ( f ) exp( j 2ft )dt

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

FFT (split radix)[20]

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.

Shizuoka University, Inuzuka Lab.