.

.


(Klein & Starkey, 1988, S. Guberman).

.

(Informal

Mathematics). (Street
Mathematics)
, ,

 (.. Carraher, D.W. Carraher, A.D.

Schliemann).

(T. Nunes, A. Schliemann, D. Carraher).

Oksapmin Papua New Guinea

I. Esmonde G.B. Saxe 2001

Oksapmin, Papua New Guinea.

.


,

.
,
,

.

.

1990

,

.

Geoffery Saxe, UC Berkeley

Oksapmin

27
( ).

.

Tok

Ples.


.
,
,
.
Oksapmin.
50
.

.
1t
, 1t, 2t 5t
.

-
.


, .

 ,
.

Recife

Carraher . 1982,
Recife .

.

,
, .

, , .
.
, 4 , 9
15 ,
.

test, .
test
,
,
. test


.
test
:
-

test

: 6 ; (1kg
50.00 cruzeiros, cruzeiros
1 cruzeiros
100centavos)
: ( ) 300
: ! ;
: . 100, 200, 300

test

: 50 . 5
.
;
: ( 50 x 6 360 ,
) 36

860 .
86!
: ;

: . 36.
.
: ; (
)
: ( 5 50). 86
( 3 5
)
: ;
: 50
.
Table 2.1 Results according to testing conditions
Formal test
Arithmetic
Informal test
operations
No. of

Word problems
No. of

Subject
M

Score
10

items
18

Score
2.5

No. of items
8

Score
10

items
11

8.9

19

3.7

6.9

16

Pi

10

12

5.0

10

11

MD

10

1.0

10

3.3

12

10

8.3

7.3

11

Totals

63

38

61

Note: Scores are adjusted to a 10point scale

, ,
.

 test,

.


.
.

, .

,


.

G. B. Saxe 5 15
, , .

.

.
,

 .


. ,

,
.

3600 20,000 cruzieros.


3 i)
, ii)
iii) .

.

10,000 cruzieros 7,600
cruzieros.


,

 ,
.

,
,

.

.


.

.

M. Jurdak I. Shahin
10 ,
3

: ,

.



.


.
Ahmed
500 250 : 500
250, 250, !


, :
500
-250
350

:
, 5 5, 5 2
3. Ahmed :

; 350; 5 2
3 350; 350!

.
.


.
Vigotsky, o
, ,

( 2001).

.


,
.

 .

.


Piaget.

,

,
.


().

,
,

.
M. Donaldson :

.

.
, ,

,
.

,
.

,


.

,
, .( S.R.
Guberman).

 .


.

.

,
, ,


.

.



(D.W. Carraher).


.


,

,
2,5
.
.

, .

:

(von Glaserferd, 198 )!

, ,
Gutenberg, 2005.

H , Margaret Donaldson, Gutenberg,

2005.

Nunes, T., Schliemann, A., & Carraher, D. (1993), Street

mathematics

and

school

mathematics,

Cambridge

University Press.

Jurdak, M., & Shahin, I. (1999), An ethnographic study of

the computational strategies of a group of young street
vendors in Beirut, Educational Studies in Mathematics,
40(2), 155172.

Geoffry B. Saxe (1988), Candy selling and math learning

. Educational Researcher, Vol 17, p.p. 14 21.

Mathematical Concepts in Everyday Life, Terezinha N.

Carraher, Analucia D. Schliemann, David W. Carraher.
Jurdak, M., & Shahin, I. (1999). An ethnographic study of
the computational strategies of a group of young street
vendors in Beirut. Educational Studies in Mathematics,
40(2), 155172.

Yasmin B. Kafai, William A. Sandoval, Noel Enyedy, and

Althea Scott Nixon Embracing Diversity in the Learning
Sciences: The Proceedings of ICLS 2004
Indigo Esmonde & Geoffrey B. Saxe
'Cultural mathematics' in the Oksapmin curriculum:
continuities and discontinuities