Exercise#1SolutionHints

P21.
(a) a
A
=
(a
x
+a
y
2-a
z
3)
1
2
+2
2
+(-3)
2
=
1
14
(a
x
+ a
y
2 - a
z
S)
(b)|A - B| = |a
x
+ a
y
6 -a
z
4| = 1
2
+ 6
2
+ (-4)
2
= SS
(c) A

=0+2(4)+(3)=11
(d)
AB
=cos
-1
(A

AB
) = cos
-1
(-
11
1417
) = 1SS.S

(e)A

a
c
= A

c
c
=A

1
29
(a
x
S -a
z
2)=
11
29

(f) A

= -a
x
4 -a
y
1S - a
z
1u
(g) A

(B

) = (A

) C

= -42
(h)( A

) C

= B

(A

) - A

(C

)= a
x
2 -a
y
4u + a
z
S
A

(B

) = B

(A

) - C

(A

) = a
x
SS - a
y
44 - a
z
11

P22.
let C

= a
x
C
x
+a
y
C
y
+a
z
C
z

Where C
x
2
+ C
y
2
+C
z
2
= 1 ...(1)
For C

: C

= u => C
x
- 2C
y
+ SC
z
= u (2)
ForC

= u => C
x
+ C
y
- 2C
z
= u (3)
Solving a
A
=> (1)(2)(3), weobtain
C
x
= 1SS C
y
= SSS C
z
= SSS
And C

=
1
35
(a
x
+ a
y
S +a
z
S)


P25.
Expanu A

(A

)=A

(A

) - X

(A

),
0i A

= pA

- A
2
X

=
1
A
(pA

+ B

)


P29.
a
A
= a
x
cos +a
y
sin
a
B
=a
x
cos +a
y
sin
a)a
A
a
B
=cos( - )=cos cos +sinsin
b)a
B
a
A
=
_
a
x
a
y
a
z
cos sin u
cos sin u
_=a
z
(sincos - cos sin)=a
z
sin( - )
sin( - )=sin cos - cos sin
P212.

A=o
x
A
x
+ o

+ o
z
A
z

B=a
x
B
x
+ o

+ o
z
B
z

C=a
x
C
x
+ o

+ o
z
C
z


B C = _
a
x
a
y
a
z
B
x
B
y
B
z
C
x
C
y
C
z
_=a
x
(B
y
C
Z
- B
z
C
y
) + a
y
(B
z
C
x
- B
x
C
z
) +
a
z
(B
x
C
y
-B
y
C
x
)
|A (B C)]
x

=a
x
|A
y
(B
x
C
y
- B
y
C
x
) - A
z
(B
z
C
x
- B
x
C
z
)]
=a
x
|B
x
(A
y
C
y
+ A
z
C
z
) - C
x
(A
y
B
y
+ A
z
B
z
)]
=a
x
|B
x
(A
x
C
x
+ A
y
C
y
+ A
z
C
z
) - C
x
(A
x
B
x
+ A
y
B
y
+ A
z
B
z
)]
=a
x
B
x
(A C) - a
x
C
x
(A B)
(2-20)X
Y Z
A (B C) = B(A C) - C(A B)







P214.
(a) Letting the position vectoi of a point in the plane be:
R

=a
x
x+a
y
y+a
z
z
Anu intiouucing the vectoi N

=a
x
b
1
+a
y
b
2
+a
z
b
3

We can wiite the given equation as
R

=c(a constant)

This shows that the piojection of the position vectoi to any point in
the plane on N

is a constant, anu that N is a noimal vectoi.

(b) a
N
=N

|N

|=
a
x
b
1
+a
y
b
2
+a
z
b
3
_
b
1
2
+b
2
2
+b
3
2

(c) The peipenuiculai uistance fiom the oiigin to the plane is
a
N
R

=
c
|N

|

Foi oui case,c=S, N

=S
2
+ (-2)
2
+ 6
2
=7
Anu a
N
R

=
5
7


P218.
a
J
= a
x
sincos +a
y
sinsin +a
z
cos =
a
x
x + a
y
y + a
z
z
x
2
+y
2
+ z
2
,
a

= a
x
cos cos + a
y
cos sin - a
z
sin =
a
x
xz + a
y
yz - a
z
(x
2
+ y
2
)
(x
2
+ y
2
)(x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
)

a
q
= -a
x
sin + a
y
cos =
-a
x
y + a
y
x
x
2
+ y
2



P219.
(a) a
x
a
q
=sin

(b) a

a
y
=cos sin

(c) a
r
a
x
=a
z
sin

(u) a
J
a
r
=sin

(e) a
y
a
J
=cos sin

(f) a
J
a
z
=cos

(g) a
J
a
z
=a
q
sin

(h) a

a
z
=sin

(i) a
z
a

=a
q
cos

P221
_ E

ul

P
2
P
1
= _ (yux + xuy)
P
2
P
1

(a) x=2y
2
,ux=4yuy;] E

ul

P
2
P
1
=]
(4y
2
uy +2y
2
uy) = 14
2
1


(b) x=6y4,ux=6uy; ] E

ul

P
2
P
1
=]
|6yuy + (6y - 4)]
2
1
uy=14
Equal line integials along two specific paths uo not necessaiily imply a
conseivative fielu E

is a conseivative fielu in this case because

E

= v

(xy+c)

P223.
a) v

v = ja
X
(

2
cos

2
x)(sin

3
y) + a
y
(sin

2
x)(

3
cos

3
y) - a
z
(sin

2
x)(sin

3
y)[ e
-z

( v

v)
p
= (a
y

6
+a
z

3
2
)e
-3
= (a
y
u.u26+a
z
u.u4S)
b) P0

= a
x
- a
y
2a
z
S , a
po
= -
1
14
(a
X
+ a
y
2+a
z
S)
(v

v)
p
a
po
=
1
14
(

3
+
33
2
)e
-3
=u.u48S

P225.
The fiist step is to finu the expiession foi the unit noimal a
n
= a
x
l+a
y
m+a
z
p
to the given suiface The given foui coinei points of the suiface leau to the
following foui equations:

Coinei(u,u,2): lx+my+p(z2)=u (1)
Coinei(2,u,2): l(x2)+my+p(z2)=u (2)
Coinei(2,2,u): l(x2)+m(y2)+pz=u (S)
Coinei(u,2,u): lx+m(y2)+pz=u (4)
The uiiection cosines satisfy the conuition:
l
2
+ m
2
+ p
2
= 1 (S)
Fiom (1)(S) we obtain l=u , anu m=p=12
Thus, a
n
=
1
2
(a
y
+ a
z
) , F

a
n
=
5
2
(a constant)
Anu ] F

us
s
=
5
2
s =
5
2
(2 22) = 2u

P228.
v (fA

) =

x
x(f A
x
) +

y
y(f A
y
) +

z
z(f A
z
)
= (
f
x
xA
x
+
A
x
x
f x) +(
f
y
yA
y
+
A
y
y
f y) + (
f
z
zA
z
+
A
z
z
f z)
= _
f
x
xA
x
+
f
y
yA
y
+
f
z
zA
z
] + _
A
x
x
f x +
A
y
y
f y +
A
z
z
f z_
= vf A

+fv A

P231.
Eq(298): v

= lim
V0
A

ds
s
V
(1)
Refeiiing to Fig.21S , we note that the aieas on the opposite siues of a
uiffeiential volume in cylinuiical cooiuinates aie the same in -
anu z -uiiections , but aie uiffeient in the iuiiection. Let us fiist evaluate the
contiibutions to A

us
s
of the insiue anu outsiue anu outsiue faces.
0n the insiue face:
_ A

us =
InsIdc Iacc
A
insidc Iacc

us
insidc Iacc

= -A
r
_i
0
-
i
2
,
0
, z
0
] _i
0
-
i
2
] z
= -_A
r
(i
0
,
0
, z
0
) -
i
2
A
r
i
_
(r
0
,q
0
,z
0
)
+ B. 0. T_ _i
0
-
i
2
] z (2)
0n the outsiue face:
_ A

us =
outsIdc Iacc
A
r
_i
0
+
i
2
,
0
, z
0
] _i
0
+
i
2
] z
= _A
r
(i
0
,
0
, z
0
) +
i
2
A
r
i
_
(r
0
,q
0
,z
0
)
+ B. 0. T_ _i
0
-
i
2
] z (S)
Auuing (2) anu (S) , we have

j]
InsIdc Iacc
+ ]
outsIdc Iacc
[ A

us =
_A
r
(i
0
,
0
, z
0
) + i
0
0A

0r

(r
0
,q
0
,z
0
)
_ iz + B. 0. T
=
0(rA

)
0r

(r
0
,q
0
,z
0
)
iz +
B. 0. T (4)

Wheie B.0.T. contain seconu anu highei poweis of i The sum of the
contiibutions of the fiont anu back faces(uiffeiential aiea=iz) is
j]
IrontsIdc Iacc
+ ]
backsIdc Iacc
[ A

us=
0A
q
0q

(r
0
,q
0
,z
0
)
iz +B. 0. T
(S)

Wheie B.0.T. contain seconu anu highei poweis of , Similaily , the sum of the
contiibutions of the top anu bottom faces (uiffeiential aiea =i
0
i) is
j]
topsIdc Iacc
+ ]
bottomsIdc Iacc
[ A

us = (i
0A
z
0z
)
(r
0
,q
0
,z
0
)
iz
+B. 0. T (6)
Wheie B.0.T. contain seconu anu highei poweis of z
Combining (4)(S)anu(6) in(1) , uiviuing by v = i
0
iz ,
Anu letting iz u , we get
v

=
1
r
0
0r
(iA
r
) +
1
r
0A
q
0q
+
0A
z
0z
,
Wheie the subsciipt u has been uioppeu foi simplicity



P235.

Eq.(2126): (v A

)
R
= lim
S
R
0
1
S
R
[ A

C
R
, (1)
Wheie S
R
= R
0
2
sin
0
(2)
Anu the contoui consists of the foui siues 1,2,S&4.



Siue1:
u

= a

(R
0
),
A

= A

(R
0
,
0
,
0
-
q
2
)R
0
,
wheieA

_R
0
,
0
,
0
-

2
] = (R
0
,
0
,
0
) -

2
A

_
(R
0
,
0
,q
0
)
+ B. 0. T
] A

sIdc1
= _jA

-
q
2
0A
0
0q
[
(R
0
,
0
,q
0
)
+B. 0. T_ R
0
. (S)
SiueS:
u

= -a

(R
0
),
A

= A

(R
0
,
0
,
0
+
q
2
)R
0
, (4)
Combining(S) &(4)
_ A

sIdc1&3
= _-
A

_ + B. 0. T_
(R
0
,
0
,q
0
)
R
0
.
Siue2:
u

= a
q
R
0
sin(
0
+

2
) , A

= A
q
_R
0
,
0
+

2
,
0
] R
0
sin_
0
+

2
] ,
] A

sIdc2
_jA
q
+

2
0A
q
0
[
(R
0
,
0
,q
0
)
+B. 0. T_ R
0
(sin
0
+

2
cos
0
). (6)
Siue4:
] A

sIdc4
-_jA
q
-

2
0A
q
0
[
(R
0
,
0
,q
0
)
+ B. 0. T_ R
0
(sin
0
-

2
cos
0
). (7)
Combining(6)&(7)
] A

sIdc2&4
=
0A
q
0

(R
0
,
0
,q
0
)
R
0
sin
0
+ A
q
R
0
cos
0
+ B. 0. T =
0
0
(A
q
sin)|
(R
0
,
0
,q
0
)
R
0
+ B. 0. T (8)
Substituting(2)(S)(8)in(1), we can obtain
(v A

)
R
=
1
Rsin
__

A
q
sin] -
A

_,
Wheie the subsciipt u has been uioppeu foi simplicity.


P239.
F

= a
x
(x + c
1
z) + a
y
(c
2
x - Sz) + a
Z
(x + c
4
y + c
5
z)

a) F

iiiotational v F

= u
or a
x
[
0F
z
0y
-
0F
y
0z
+a
y
[
0F
x
0z
-
0F
z
0x
+a
z
[
0F
y
0x
-
0F
x
0y
= u,
Whichgivesthreeequations:

b) F

alsosolencical v F

= u
or
0F
x
0x
+
0F
y
0y
+
0F
z
0z
=0
or
0
0x
(x + c
1
z)+
0
0y
(c
2
x -3z)+
0
0z
(x+c
3
y +c
4
z)=0
or 1+c
4
=0 c
4
= u

c) F

=-vv

a
x
(x+z)- a
y
3z+a
z
(x-Sy -z)

=-a
x

0V

0x
- a
y

0V

0y
- a
z

0V

0z

0V

0x
=-(x + z) v

= -
x
2
2
- xz + f
1
(y, z)
0V

0y
=3z v

= Syz + f
2
(x, z)
v

z
= -x + Sy +z v

= -xz + Syz +
z
2
2
+ f
3
(x, y)
v

= -
x
2
2
- xz + Syz +
z
2
2