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14
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³ ´
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298.
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10
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hl kihkh[ghkllZ aZ \th[jZ`_gb_ Ltc dZlh klZ\Z ^mfZ aZ Zki_dl gZ \j_f_\ZlZ
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^h]hg\Z[h]ZdZlhk\hykihkh[ghklkihj_^k\hylZijbjh^ZIXYVLdhylhk_jZa]jtsZ
ihkl_i_ggh \ bklhjbylZ >motl _ jZaebdZlZ f_`^m g_]h b [h]Z l_ [t^_s_lh fm
ktklhygb_kZfhlh^h]hg\Zg_
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nbehkhnbylZdZlhhglheh]bybgdhjihjbjZ[h]Z\qh\_dZgZijdZdlhijb;_j]khg
dZlh qh\_rdZ kihkh[ghkl - bglmbpby l\hjq_kl\h \th[jZ`_gb_ - lh \_q_ kf_ gZ
ijZ]ZgZgh\lbinbehkhnbyjZ\ghklh_gbij_\taoh`^ZsihagZq_gb_ij_ôh^gbl_
– nmg^Zf_glZegZ bklhjby bklhjbheh]by dhylh ij_îheZ]Z ktljm^gbq_kl\hlh
³jtdZaZjtdZ´gZqh\_db^moijbdh_lhl_kZaZ_^gh_^bgkl\hlhgZ³[h]-\-k\_lZ´
Sein-in-der-Welt, gb_-\j_f_lh18, Dazeit.
4. ³Ih_lbqgh fbke_g_´. Ba\_klgb kZ l\tj^_gbylZ gZ OZc^_]_j - “GZc-
fbkebl_ekdhlh _ q_ gb_ hs_ g_ fbkebf ” (Heidegger 1992: 4 ³GZmdZlZ g_
fbkebíZdlZf³gZmdZlZhlk\hykljZgZg_fbkebbg_fh`_^ZfbkebíZd
lZf “GZc-fbkebl_ekdhlh\gZr_lhfbkeh\gh\j_f__q_gb_hs_g_fbkebfíZd
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ihg_bjhgbabjZsb>_dZjlh\by^_\ba³Fbkeyke_^h\Zl_eghkts_kl\m\Zf´
K pyehlh kb l\hjq_kl\h OZc^_]_j ih^kdZa\Z _^bg ^jm] lbi fbke_g_
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17
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h[h[sZ\Z ktsghkllZ >Z kb ijbihfgbf \ lZab \jtadZ _dabkl_gpbZebkldby ^_\ba
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dZlhg_ijhba\hegZlZfmhldjblhklDMOKYTHLD.
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gZkhq\Zgh hl ³kZfbl_ g_sZ´ aZ jZaebdZ hl DZglh\bl_ ³g_sZ kZfb ih
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\j_f_lh \ gZklhys_lh _^gh ltedm\Zgb_ gZ Dazeit, f_lZnhjZlZ ij_^klZ\y \j_f_lh
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OZc^_]_jhl³;blb_b\j_f_´ _³ihdZa\Zshlh-k_-hl-kZfh-k_[_-kb” (Heidegger 1993:
28) lh f_lZnhjZlZ ihdZa\Z n_ghf_gZ gZ n_ghf_gZ dZlh kZfby n_ghf_g
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ijhp_k kj\ k Huxley et al 1964; Karlson 1991: 171), Z bf_ggh - gZ \tagbd\Zg_ gZ
\tlj_rghlhk_lb\haZkt^[Z³;h]tl´bebkl_jfbgbl_gZXg]³gmfbghaghlh´\`
b B\Zgh\Z - ³dhe_dlb\ghlh g_ktagZ\Zgh´ ³Zjo_lbih\_l_´ gZij Xg]
b ke –ihgZqbg hq_\b^_g kihj_^]hjghlh jZa]e_`^Zg_ -_ ikbobq_kdb
j_]meZlhj b ijhlb\hl_`_kl gZ iZlheh]bylZ gZij Xg] dhylh
ij_^klZ\ey\Z^bkhpbZpbygZebqghklllZ^h_fZpbibjZebk_ihêbqghklbgZZaZ^h
ktklZ\ysbl_]hkbf\hebijb\tagbd\Zg_lhgZ\tlj_rghlhk_lb\haZkt^[Z
Ktk k_lb\hlh aZ kt^[Z k mk_lZ aZ kbf\heb gZ ebqghkllZ kZfhklllZ gZ
ebqghkllZnbeljbjZblZdZ^bn_j_gpbjZkh[kl\_gh\j_f_k\h_[jZa_gZgZeh]gZla
longue duréekl_jfbgZgZ;jh^_e26 (Braudel 1969: 54)gZ\k_db_^bghllyoqbylh
kt\f_klgZ dZe_c^hkdhibqgZ ^_abgl_]jZpby b j_bgl_]jZpby iha\hey\Z ^Z k_
ij_^kdZa\Z oh^tl gZ gZc-\_jhylgbl_ [t^_sb ba[hjb b ba[jZgb Zel_jgZlb\b dZlh
kh[kl\_gZkt^[Z27.
K \tagbd\Zg_lh gZ ebqghkllZ hd_Zgtl hl kfbkeb k_ jZa^\hy\Z gZ \tlj_rgh
k_lb\h b gZ[ex^Z\Zg hl g_]h ^mo ³hdhlh k dh_lh \b`^Zf_ [h]Z _ hdhlh k dh_lh
lhcgb\b`^Z´28LZdZ[h]tl_³g_-:atl´gZNbol_29K\tagbd\Zg_lhgZebqghkllZ
\tagbd\Z[_a^Z[t^_baq_jiZgb³[h]´\lhabkfbkte30dZdlhb³kt^[ZlZdhylh_
(bhlqh\_dZ´filioque).
LhabgZqbggZjZa]e_`^Zg_h[_^bgy\Zltedm\Zgb_lhgZkt^[ZlZijb;h_pbc
bLhfZhl:d\bghhl_^gZkljZgZklh\ZgZ;_j^y_\
31-32; 47- OZc^_]_j Heidegger 1993: 384 b dhk\_gh k jZa[bjZg_lh aZ
bklhjbq_kdhlh\j_f_ijb:B]gZlh\gZij-hl^jm]Zkijh[e_fZaZ
³\tlj_rghlhk_lb\híjbDZglKlh_\hllj_lZ
26
Ijbhjbl_lZ aZ l_jfbgZ \ktsghkl g_ ijbgZê_`b gZ ;jh^_e Z ihg_ gZ =mj\bq
Gurvitch 1955: 38-
49\`b =mj_\bq 1993: 120)ZaZl_jfbgZ“durée” – gZ;_j]khg
27
?^gZ hl k\_s_gbl_ dgb]b gZ dhgnmpbZgkl\hlh b ^ZhkbafZ B âbg dZdlh b k\tjaZgZlZ k g_y

ijZdlbdZ fh`_ ^Z k_ jZa]e_`^Z dZlh lZdZ\Z l_ogbdZ aZ ij_^kdZaZgb_ hkgh\Z\ZsZ k_ gZ nbeljbjZg_

gZ jZaebqgb kbf\heb gZ ebqghkllZ k\tjaZgb k g_bg dhgdj_l_g _dabkl_gpbZegh agZqbf ijh[e_f b

ba[hj
28
:a gbdh]Z \_q_ g_ s_ \b^y ;h]Z hk\_g \ hgh\Z \ dh_lh kZf lhc \b`^Z k_[_ kb FZckl_j ?doZjl
³ ´
1995: 186).
29
GZij L\tj^b k_ q_ :atl k_ \jtsZ \ kZfby k_[_ kb Ke_^h\Zl_egh lh\Z \jtsZg_ _ kZfh
³
gZ]e_^ – Lh ke_^h\Zl_egh ktsh g_ b kZfhktagZgb_ b badexqbl_egh ihjZ^b lh\Z q_ kZfh qj_a lhab

Zdl g_ k_ hkts_kl\y\Z ktagZgb_ ih-gZlZltd k_ ijZ\b aZdexq_gb_ aZ _^bg ^jm] Zdl qj_a dhclh aZ gZk

\tagbd\Z _^bg G_-:a Qj_a hibkZgby Zdl :atl k_ ihklZ\y kZfh aZ \tafh`ghkllZ gZ kZfhktagZgb_lh

b k g_]h aZ \tafh`ghkllZ gZ pyehlh hklZgZeh ktagZgb_ gh hs_ g_ \tagbd\Z gbdZd\h ^_ckl\bl_egh

kZfhktagZgb_ Nbol_ ´

30
Lhab \tagbdgZe aZ qh\_dZ [h] k \tagbd\Zg_lh gZ ebqghkllZ gZ qh\_dZ _ kZfh _^bg hl fgh`_kl\hlh

bihklZkb gZ [h]Z \ ojbklbygkl\hlh

15
6. ³F_glZeghkl´ ³Ih^ dhe_dlb\gZ f_glZeghkl jZa[bjZf_ ikboheh]bq_kdb
kljmdlmjbijhp_kbbnhjfbgZZdlb\ghkldZlhghkbl_ebkm[_dlgZdhblh\klti\Z
g_ bg^b\b^tl Z ]jmiZlZ mih^h[bfZ gZ _^bg_g hj]Zgbatf b jZa]e_`^ZgZ –
f_lZnhjbqgh beb g_ – dZlh _^bg_g km[_dl´ E_hglv_\ Ihgylb_lh
³f_glZeghkl´ k_ \t\_`^Z \ bklhjbq_kdb bake_^\Zgby hl l gZj rdheZ ³:gZeb´
F_glZeghkllZ_³kbkl_fZbf_gghkbkl_fZ\^\b`_gb_y\y\ZsZk_ihlZdt\gZqbg
h[_dlgZbklhjbylZghijblh\Z\kbqdbg_cgb_e_f_glbkZlykghk\tjaZgbihf_`^m
kb lh\Z _ kbkl_fZ hl h[jZab ij_^klZ\b dhblh \ jZaebqgb ]jmib b kljZlb
ktklZ\ysb h[s_kl\_gZlZ nhjfZpby k_ ktq_lZ\Zl jZaebqgh gh \bgZ]b \ hkgh\ZlZ
e_`Zlqh\_rdbl_ij_^klZ\baZk\_lZbaZk\h_lhfyklh\lhabk\ylbke_^h\Zl_egh
hij_^_eylihkltidbl_bih\_^_gb_lhgZohjZlZ´>x[b
³?^bgkl\_ghlh [_amkeh\gh ihklb`_gb_ gZ Gh\hlh \j_f_ _ kt\j_f_ggZlZ
ebqghkl, ijbl_`Z\ZsZdZlhb^_Ze^moh\gZZ\lhghfbyhlh[s_kl\hlhAZjZaebdZ
hl bg^b\b^Z \ ljZ^bpbhgghlh h[s_kl\h ebqghkllZ kZfhklhyl_egh jZaj_rZ\Z aZ
k_[_kb\kbqdb³hkgh\gb\tijhkbgZ[blb_lh´bajZ[hl\Zk\hyrdheZhlp_gghklgb
ij_îhqblZgby ba[bjZ fh^_eZ ^bkdmjk Hl ^g_k hkgh\gb ghkbl_eb gZ ktagZgb_lh
klZ\Zg_h[s_kl\hlhdZlhpyehZhl^_egZlZebqghklk\tjaZgZk^jm]bg_cih^h[gb
kZfh ih f_glZeghkl – g_ktagZ\Zgb Z\lhfZlbafb gZ fbke_g_ kZfh kygdZ hl
fbgZehlhlhlZeghljZ^bpbhgghktagZgb_´=_jZkbfh\
Bklhjbq_kdhlh ihgylb_lh aZ ³f_glZeghkl´ _ lykgh k\tjaZgh k lh\Z aZ
bklhjbq_kdh \j_f_ b aZ fgh`_kl\_ghkllZ gZ \j_f_gZlZ Ihke_^ghlh fh`_f ^Z
hldjb_fhs_m;_j]khg
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gZij_`_gb_ kZfhlh ^_l_jfbgbjZg_ gZ dh_lh k_ y\y\Z dZlh ba[hj kj_^ [_adjZcgh
fgh]h \tafh`gb ljZ_g_lZ [\j_f_gZ gZ klZ\Zg_] Hl lhab fhf_gl gZlZltd
aZ[_eya\Zf_ lhedh\Z ljZ_g_lZ [\j_f_gZ gZ klZ\Zg_] dhedhlh ih`_eZ_f <kydh hl
lyo _ gZitegh jZaebqgh hl hklZgZebl_ fZdZj b k\_^_gh ^h ihgylb_ l_
jZa]e_`^Zgh \tg hl ^\_l_ ijhlb\hiheh`gb ]e_^gb lhqdb lh \bgZ]b k_ k\_`^Z ^h
_^ghbktshg_h[ykgbfhktq_lZgb_gZfgh]hlhk_^ghlh´;_j]khg
>motl kt^tj`Z fgh`_kl\h kljmdlmjb b bfiebpbjZ fgh`_kl\_ghkl gZ
\j_f_gZlZLhcg_ijbktkl\Zihke_^h\Zl_egh\fhf_glbl_gZnbabq_kdhlh\j_f_<
lyo lhc ijbktkl\Z \ ljbl_ fh^mkZ gZ bklhjbqghkl hkgh\Z\Zg_ ihy\Z lmd-lZf
kemq\Zg_aZ\tjr\Zg_baq_a\Zg_
16
IZjZ^hdkZeghk_hdZa\Zq_\^te[hdZlZkbktsghklbklhjbylZg__\j_f_\Z–
b ke_^h\Zl_egh g_ _ ihj_^bpZ hl nZdlb ^Z kb ijbihfgbf \ lZab \jtadZ
jZa]jZgbq_gb_lh g OZc^_]_j f_`^m bklhjbylZ \ kh[kl\_g kfbkte Geschichte) b
bklhjbylZ dZlh bklhjbh]jZnby Historie)31 gZij Heidegger 1993: 376, 378-380) - \
kfbkteZ gZ aZiZa\Zg_ \t\ \j_f_lh \ dhclh kfbkte gZij kfylZf_ aZ \j_f_\b
fZl_jbZegbl_ k_lb\gh \taijb_fZgb h[_dlb BklhjbylZ _ ih^h[gZ gZ ^mo _^gh
iheh`_gb_ bay\_gh bihklZ\_gh \t\ nmg^Zf_glZ gZ nbehkhnbylZ hl O_]_e h[Zq_
lZdZ dZdlh ^motl g_ _ \j_f_\b dZdlh gZij kZ \j_f_\b fZl_jbZegbl_ l_eZ lZdZ b
bklhjbylZ g_ _ \j_f_\Z :eZ ihke_^ghlh k_ jZadjb\Z m O_]_e \t\ nbabq_kdhlh
\j_f_ b ih^ nhjfZlZ gZ ^bZe_dlbdZlZ \ bklhjbylZ gZ ³jZamfZ \ bklhjbylZ´ gZ
^bZe_dlbq_kdZlZ eh]bdZ l_ ih^ nhjfZlZ gZ \tiets_gb_lh gZ ^moZ \ fZl_jbZegb
l_eZ ihjZ^b dh_lh b FZjdk lhedh\Z e_kgh b mki_rgh mkiy\Z ^Z ³ij_h[tjg_´
O_]_eh\hlh mq_gb_ l_ ^Z ]h baltedm\Z ³fZl_jbZebklbq_kdb´ FZjdk b
^j³BdZdlh\kbqdhijbjh^ghljy[\Z^Z\tagbdg_lZdZbqh\_dtlbfZk\hcZdlgZ
\tagbd\Zg_– bklhjbylZdhylhh[Zq__ktagZ\ZgZhlg_]hbklhjbyblh]Z\Z–dZlh
Zdl gZ \tagbd\Zg_ – _ ktagZl_egh kg_fZs k_ Zdl gZ \tagbd\Zg_ BklhjbylZ _
bklbgkdZlZ_kl_kl\_gZbklhjbygZqh\_dZ´FZjdk
BklhjbylZdZlhkh[kl\_ghg_\j_f_\Z\t\nbabq_kdbkfbktedh_lh\ktsghkl
s_j_q_kh[kl\_gh\j_f_\Zkh[kl\_gh^mol_kihj_^³n_ghf_gheh]bylZgZ^moZ´
dZdlh dZd\Zlh O_]_e h[Zq_ g_ y _dkiebpbjZ ke_^\Z ^Z k_ ibr_ dZlh ^\_
^hitegbl_egb ^hjb b \ kfbkteZ gZ Gbek ;hj bklhjbb bklhjby gZ
h[sghklbl_ b bklhjby gZ f_glZeghklbl_ dhblh k_ ij_ieblZl b jZa_^bgy\Zl \
qh\_rdbyba[hj
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LZdb\Z kZ ebqghkllZ dhylh _ k\tja\Zshlh a\_gh f_`^m qh\_d b ^mo
gZêbqghklgbl_ gh ih^h[gb gZ ebqghkl h[jZah\Zgby gZ dhe_dlb\b hl ebqghklb
dZd\blh kZ f_glZeghklbl_ b dhblh q_klh \tagbd\Zl beb k_ aZiZa\Zl hdheh
bg^b\b^mZegZ ebqghkl dhylh kem`b dZlh ³aZjh^br gZ djbklZeZ´ gZ
gZêbqghklgZlZ f_glZeghkl \ hd_ZgZ hl kfbkeb :dh h[Zq_ nbdkbjZf_ ^Z^_gZ
f_glZeghkl³[h`_kl\h´lhlyk_ijhy\y\ZfZdZjb\jZaebqgZkl_i_g\t\\kbqdb
ohjZ H[jZlgh Zdh \a_f_f ^Z^_g qh\_d lh \ g_]h fZdZj b \ jZaebqgZ kl_i_g k_
ijhy\y\Zl\kbqdbf_glZeghklb>ZkbijbihfgbfFZjdkh\byl_abk³Ghqh\_rdZlZ
ktsghkl g_ _ Z[kljZdpby \tietl_gZ \ hl^_egby bg^b\b^ < k\hylZ ktsghkl ly _
31
G_]h\byl ijZh[jZa fh`_ ^Z k_ hldjb_ hs_ m O_]_e
b ke

17
ensemble-tl hl h[s_kl\_gbl_ hlghr_gby´ Marx 1958: 6) Qh\_dtl _ ijhnbe hl
f_glZeghklbhl[h`_kl\Z
< rbahnj_gbylZ lyoghlh _^bgkl\h k_ ]m[b ³fhghl_baftl´ fhgheblghkllZ
gZebqghkllZbaq_a\ZebqghkllZk_^_abgl_]jbjZjZaiZ^Zk_gZqZklbIj_oh^tlhl
ebqghkldtfebqghkl_ijhfygZgZlhabijhnbeKoh^gbbebkoh^gb\hij_^_e_gh
hlghr_gb_ ebqghklb h[jZam\Zl h[sghkl Ijhnbetl hl ijhnbebl_ gZ bg^b\b^bl_
ktklZ\ysbh[sghkllZbfiebpbjZ\h[jZl_gih]e_^³ebqghkl´f_glZeghkldhylh_
gZêbqghklgh h[jZah\Zgb_ ³[h`_kl\h´ ³^mo gZ h[sghkllZ´ LZdZ
^_abgl_]jbjZg_lhgZh[sghkllZ^hebqghklbdZdlhbjZaiZ^Zg_lhgZh[s_kl\hlh-
dZlh fgh`_kl\h hl fgh`_kl\Z ih hij_^_e_gb_lh gZ ;jh^_e - ^h
hl^_egbl_ fgh`_kl\Z fh`_ ^Z k_ jZa]e_`^Z dZlh ³rbahnj_gby gZ h[s_kl\hlh´
dZlh ³_^bih\h´ m[bckl\hlh gZ [h]Z hebp_l\hjy\Zs g_]h\ZlZ pyehklghkl ³M[bl _
_^bg ftjl\_p ftjlt\ hldjZc \j_f_´ >_evha =ZlZjb ) DZiblZebaftl
kihj_^ l_ab Z\lhjb jZ[hlb dZlh f_oZgbatf dZlh ³fZrbgZ gZ `_eZgbylZ´ \
gZljZiqb\hih\lhj_gb_ihih^h[b_gZrbahnj_ggh^_]jZ^bjZeZebqghkl>mrZlZy
gyfZ^motl]hgyfZ
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g_jZa[bjZ_fb gh lykgh k\tjaZgb k ih-[ebadbl_ LZdZ k_ h[jZam\Z fhkl gZ
ihagZgb_lh ih dhclh qh\_d fh`_ ^Z gZ\e_a_ gZ\tlj_ \ ^moZ k_lb\h aZ dZd\hlh
ihagZgb_ h[Zq_ g_ kZ \tgrgbl_ beb ihg_ g_ kZ gZ itj\h fyklh \tgrgbl_ Z
ebqghkllZkh[kl\_gZlZbgZ^jm]bl_
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ljZgkp_g^_glghlh qh\_d k_ _ hah\Ze hl\t^ lh\Z ³hl\t^´ ba\_^gt` k_ _ hdZaZeh
kZfZlZOZc^_]_jh\Zih_lbqgZktsghklgZqh\_dZg_]h\ZlZktdjh\_gZ\tlj_rghkl
hldhylhh[Zq_k_hljb\ZijhklhjtlgZbake_^\Zg_gZlh\Zhl\t^dh_lh\_q__lmd
Da – Dasein. >motl \_q_ g_ _ ljZgkp_g^_gl_g ih^ nhjfZlZ gZ ³[h]´ Z _ lmd gZ
a_fylZ qh\_d k_ hktagZ\Z dZlh ihlhi_g \ g_]h dZlh kh[kl\_gZlZ b gZ ^jm]bl_
ebqghkl dhylh \_q_ _ l\tj^_ kftlgZlZ ijhf_geb\Z b g_meh\bfZ ]jZgbpZ
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bgbpbZlb\Z gZ ^moZ b bag_gZ^\Z qh\_dZ ij_^ dh]hlh \g_aZigh k_ jZadjb\Z [h]tl
g_ hl\t^ b dZlh DZglh\ZlZ ljZgkp_g^_glgZlZ ]jZgbpZ gZ \tafh`ghlh ihagZgb_ k
g_jZaebqbfZ kljmdlmjZ b g_ihagZ\Z_f Z jZa[bjZg \_q_ dZlh ^mo dZlh ³h[_dl´ b ³
ij_^f_l´gZihagZgb_K_lb\haZlh\Z_ebqghkllZZg_l_abgZ_fibjbqgbyhibl
Zlhftl gZ ^bkdmjkZ \_q_ g_ _ ijhihabpbylZ Z f_lZnhjZlZ Z \ Zki_dlZ gZ
h[h[s_gb_ ^hk_]Zrghlh kfylZgh aZ \tjoh\h ihklb`_gb_ eh]bq_kdh fbke_g_ gZ
18
gZmdZlZk__hdZaZehijbfblb\gZnhjfZgZih_lbqghfbke_g_Lh\Zq_³gZmdZlZg_
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Qj_a gZc-[ebadbl_ ^hg_]h kljmdlmjb – ebqghkllZ b f_glZeghklbl_– qh\_d
ba[bjZk\hyitldZlhitlaZ_^ghk^jm]bl_\bklhjbylZ
F_glZeghkllZ k_ ijhy\y\Z qj_a ba[hjZ dZlh gydhb hl Zel_jgZlb\bl_ aZ
qe_gh\_l_ gZ h[sghkllZ ktk kthl\_lgZlZ f_glZeghkl k_ hdZa\Zl ktagZl_egh beb
g_ktagZ\Zgh ij_îhqblZgb Ih lhab gZqbg f_glZeghkllZ _ ³^_nhjfZpbylZ´
badjb\y\Zg_lh gZ \_jhylghklghlh ijhkljZgkl\hlh \ dh_lh k_ ba\tjr\Z ba[hjtl
f_`^m Zel_jgZlb\bl_ gZfZey\Z _gljhibylZ kemqZcgby oZjZdl_j gZ ba[hjZ
g_]h\ZlZaZ\bkbfhklhlbg^b\b^mZeghkllZgZba[bjZsbyb]hlbibabjZdZlhba[hj
gZqe_gh\_l_gZh[sghkllZLykihy\Zh[sghkllZdZlhhij_^_ey_^ghh[sh³[Z\gh
\j_f_´[la longue durée]qj_adh_lhh[sghkllZhklZ\Z\t\\j_f_lhdZlh^\b`_shk_
³itlm\Zsh´ gZklhys_lh l_ ijh^te`Z\Z ^Z kts_kl\m\Z F_glZeghkllZ bfZ
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k\h_h[jZa_g ktsghkl_g ZgZeh] gZ kthlghr_gb_lh gZ g_hij_^_e_ghkl gZ
OZca_g[_j] Ba[hjtl lh]Z\Z s_ ij_^klZ\ey\Z nbdkbjZg_ gZ hij_^_e_gh
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dZlh ijh_dpby gZ f_glZeghkllZ \tjom g_y gZ dh_lh kthlghr_gb_ ba[hjtl _
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gZ ij_^klZ\bl_eghlh iheblbq_kdhlh j_r_gb_ l_ gZ j_r_gb_lh gZ iheblbq_kdb
hj]Zgqbblhqe_gh\_kZij_^klZ\bl_ebgZh[sghklb<t\\k_dbba[hjgydhyiZjlby
beb iZjlbb hl f_glZeghklb k_ hdZa\Zl ih^lbkgZlb ³fZepbgkl\h´ Z ^jm]b
^hfbgbjZsb–³[herbgkl\h´
Qj_a ba[hjbl_ gZ h[sghklbl_ \ djZcgZ kf_ldZ qj_a bg^b\b^mZegbl_
qh\_rdb ba[hjb \tagbd\Z bklhjbylZ :dh jZa]e_^Zf_ bklhjbylZ dZlh
kZfhij_h[jZam\Zs k_ l_dkl – dh_lh _ h[bqZ_g gZqbg gZ jZa]e_`^Zg_ \
dmelmjheh]bylZ - lh ba[hjbl_ kthl\_lkl\Zl gZ ij_h[jZam\Zg_lh gZ l_dklZ l_
kthl\_lkl\m\Zl gZ g_]h\by kfbkte kj\ k GZebfh\ [ - 82; 1995).
Lh]Z\Z kihj_^ dhgp_ipbylZ aZ ktagZgb_ gZ ktsby Z\lhj GZebfh\ [ -87;
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k_hktagZ\Zg_dZlhhlktkl\b_gZdZd\blhb^Z_^jm]bf_glZeghklb\tlj_\g_yg_
dZlh dmoZ h[\b\dZ [_a kt^tj`Zgb_36 Z dZlh ^bgZfbqgh jZ\gh\_kb_ gZ [h`_kl\ZlZ
³iZjlbcghjZ\gh\_kb_gZdhZebpbb\_^gZljZgkp_g^_glZegZiheblbdZ´gZbf_`^m
lyogZkbf\hebl_gZpyeZlZkn_jZgZgmfbghaghlhkl_jfbgZgZ Xg]Zlh\Zs_
j_q_ dZlh bklhjbq_kdZ ijhbaoh`^ZsZ hl bklhjbylZ b kta^Z\ZsZ bklhjby
_^gh\j_f_ggh\ktljm^gbq_kl\hk^moZ
DZlh kbgl_abjZs ba[jh_gbl_ baq_jiZl_egh hk_f dhgl_dklZ –

³ljZgkp_g^_gpby´ ³bklhjbq_kdb jZamf ³bglmbpby´ ³ih_lbqgh fbke_g_´ ³k_lb\h
aZ kt^[Z´ ³f_glZeghkl´ ³kihkh[ghkl aZ ba[hj´ ³ktljm^gbq_kl\h k ^moZ´- s_ k_
baihea\Z l_jfbgtl ³k_lb\h aZ \j_f_lh´ beb ihqlb dZlh kbghgbf ³\j_f_\Z
kihkh[ghkl´ ijb dh_lh \ itj\by kemqZc Zdp_gltl _ \tjom \taijb_fZg_lh gZ
36
GZij lZdZ\Z _ dhgp_ipbylZ klbfme – j_Zdpby \ [bo_\bhjbafZ
³ ´
24
\j_f_lh, Z \t\ \lhjby – \tjom ^_ckl\b_ \t\ \j_f_lh g_jZa^_egh hl \ta^_ckl\b_
\tjom\j_f_lh.
LZdZ [h] dZlh qh\_rdZ kihkh[ghkl k_ ij_^klZ\y dZlh ihl_gpbZegZlZ
kihkh[ghkl gZ qh\_dZ ^Z ijh]e_^g_ aZ \j_f_lh aZ bklhjbylZ >hdhedhlh qh\_d _
keyi aZ \j_f_lh lhc fh`_ ^Z ]h \taklZgh\b kZfh ih itly gZ ihagZgb_lh dZlh
“analogia entis´ gZ gZklhys_lh, dZlh bklbggZlZ f_lZnhjZ ³;h] _ kihkh[ghkllZ aZ
bklhjby´ ^Z ^h]hgb k\h_lh - aZeh`_gh \ g_]h dZlh qh\_rdb IXYVL, ijbjh^Z –
[t^_s_ [t^_sh ktklhygb_ gZ [h] ^Z hldjb_ ljZgkp_g^_glZegbl_ hkgh\Zgby gZ
[h]Z gZ k_[_ kb dZlh [t^_s [h] b gZ [h]Z dZlh ijbktkl\Zs \ gZklhys_lh [h] b
qh\_ddZlhklZjrbbfeZ^rbdhe_]ZijhklhdZlhdhe_]b
:dh ijb_f_f q_ nbehkhnbylZ iheZ]Z ³bgnjZkljmdlmjZlZ´ dhylh ijhgba\Z
pyehlhl\hjq_kl\h gZ OZc^_]_j hs_ hl \tah[gh\y\Zg_lh gZ \tijhkZaZ kfbkteZ gZ
[blb_lh (Heidegger 1993: 1) lh [t^_sZlZ l_jblhjby dhylh s_ mk\hy\Z qh\_rdhlh
ihagZgb_ _ lZab gZ \j_f_lh g_ dZlh ebg_cgZ _^ghh[jZaghkl g_ dZlh ³ijhklh
Z[kljZdlghb^_Zegh´³hljbpZl_egh_^bgkl\hgZ[blb_-ba\tg-k_[_kb´Hegel 1966:
209/ § 258); Heidegger 1993: 4Z)dZlhdZd\hlhijbihagZ\Z\j_f_lhgZmdZlZ
nbabdZ b k dh_lh [blb_lh gZ kts_kl\m\Zshlh k_ fbkeb dZlh aZiZa\Zg_ \t\
\j_f_lh37 Z dZlh _^gZ fgh`_kl\_ghkl hl \j_f_gZ h[blZ\Zsb lh]Z\Z \_q_
kt[bjZl_eghlh ihgylb_ ³\j_f_´ < g_y g_sZlZ hl kZfh k_[_ kb k_ ihy\y\Zl b
baq_a\Zllh\Z_ltdfhl_jblhjbylZgZg_aZiZa\Zg_lhgZqbklhlh^\b`_gb_gZ^moZ
Itj\hg_cghhibkZgb_ij_^klZ\ey\Zbf_ggh³N_ghf_gheh]bylZgZ^moZ´gZO_]_e
>motlbfZ[blb_[_ag_ij_f_ggh^ZbfZkts_kl\m\Zgb_gZijHeidegger
OZc^_]_j 2000: 170-171) gh b [_a g_ij_f_ggh ^Z badexq\Z kts_kl\m\Zgb_
<lhjbylkemqZc_ltdfhDaseinl_[blb_lhdh_lh_lmd dZlhkts_kl\m\Zshdh_lh
bfZhij_^_e_gZehdZebaZpbyDa, lmdk_]ZbebDa, lZflh]Z\ZbihjZ^blh\Zfh`_
^Z k_ ihdZ`_ _lh ]h Da hglheh]bqgbyl _d\b\Ze_gl gZ qh\_dZ qh\_dtl \b^yg hl
^moZdZlhk\h_^jm]hdZlhkts_kl\m\ZshdZlhg_-^modhclh_^moLZabl_jblhjby
ijbgpbigh k_ badexq\Z hl kt\j_f_ggZlZ gZmdZ ltc dZlh lh\Z _ h[eZkllZ gZ
bagZqZeghkemqZcghlhkj\kWirl_cg-g_ih\lZjyshlhk_oZhkZb
dZlhjZajmr_gb_bdZlhktab^Zgb_–h[eZkllZgZl\hjq_kl\hlhgZ[h]Z
GZbklbgZ mkeh\b_ [_a dh_lh g_ fh`_ aZ gZmdZlZ _ \taijhba\h^bfhkllZ gZ
j_amelZlbl_ ijbgpbigh kemqZcghlh _ ijbgpbigh ba\tg g_cgby h[o\Zl dZd\hlh y
37
Ijh_dltl gZ ZglbqgZlZ nbehkhnby kijyfh dhclh nmg^Zf_glZegh-hglheh]bqghlh hkgh\hiheZ]Zg_
³
gZ f_lZnbabdZlZ \ ;blb_ b \j_f_ ljy[\Z ^Z k_ jZa[bjZ dZlh ih\lhj_gb_” (Heidegger 1973: 232),
³ ´
hldjhy\Z [blb_ agZqb i h k l h y g k l \ h \ i j b k t k l \ b _ l h iZd lZf

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ihagZ\Zf_^hk_]ZLy_h[\tjaZgZkf_lZnbabdZlZktkaZiZa\Zg_lhkjZa[bjZg_lhaZ
k\_lZdZlhijbjh^Z38ij_^klZ\ey\Zihkts_kl\hijbeh`gZf_lZnbabdZGZmdZlZ_b
k_hktagZ\ZdZlhZglbl_aZlZgZj_eb]bylZ39.
>g_kh[Zq_\_q__^hklb]gZeZlZdt\_lZigZjZa\blb_dh]Zlhkh[kl\_gbylc
ih-gZlZltr_g ijh]j_k y leZkdZ hl\t^ g_cgbl_ ]jZgbpb \ ihe_lh gZ kbgl_aZlZ k
j_eb]bylZ dtf mk\hy\Zg_ gZ g_aZiZa\Zg_lh hl ih^kltibl_ gZ \_q_ ^hklZltqgh
^h[j_ mk\h_gZ l_jblhjby gZ aZiZa\Zg_lh Gydhb hl ijh[b\bl_ \ lZab gZkhdZ kZ
rbjhdhba\_klgb
1. D\Zglh\ZlZf_oZgbdZdhylh mkiy^Zh\eZ^__ijbgpbighkemqZcghlhgZ
dhgdj_lgby _dki_jbf_gl k fbdjhh[_dlb ihklZ\ycdb ]h \ fgh]h ih-rbjhdby b
mklhcqb\dhgl_dklgZ\kbqdb\tafh`gb_dki_jbf_glbhk\_gih^[jZgbybkemqZcgh
j_ZebabjZe k_ D\Zglh\ZlZ f_oZgbdZ mkiy ^Z ba]jZ^b itj\Z _^gZ j_ki_dlbjZsZ b
gZitegh ijb_feb\Z aZ h[bqZcgZlZ gZmdZ dhgdj_lgZ f_lZnbabq_kdZ l_hjby gZ
\_jhylghlh (kj\ gZij k ;jZlh_\ b k lh\Z ijhijZ\b itly dtf h[sZ
f_lZnbabdZ gZ \tafh`ghlh b kemqZcghlh WisZcg Ly b hl\hx\Z b ^Z^_
f_lh^ aZ hl\hx\Zg_ aZ gZmdZlZ aZ aZiZa\Zg_lh gZ l_jblhjbb gZ ^moZ gZ
g_aZiZa\Zg_lh gh k lh\Z gZijZ\b b _^gZ hl gZc-\Z`gbl_ djZqdb aZ ihfbjy\Zg_ gZ
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nbabq_kdZ ^bkpbiebgZ h[hkh[beZ k_ ij_a -l_ ]h^bgb gZ fbgZeby \_d ih-
ih^jh[ghI_gq_\Ke_^dZlh\_jhylghklbl_kZlZdZ^Zk_dZ`_itj\bqgb\
d\Zglh\ZlZ f_oZgbdZ lh l_ \_q_ g_ kZ k\h^bfb ^h klZlbklbdZ gZ ih\_^_gb_lh gZ
gydZd\bfbdjhh[_dlb–\_jhylghklbl_\aZbfh^_ckl\m\Zlg_ihkj_^kl\_ghLh\Zs_
j_q_ ihkj_^gbq_kl\hlh gZ aZiZa\Zsb k_ fbdjhh[_dlb b^_glbnbpbjm_fb dZlh
h[_dlb ihkj_^kl\hf k\hylZ _g_j]by g_ _ g_h[oh^bfh Ltdfh h[eZkllZ gZ
g_ihkj_^kl\_gh \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ gZ d\Zglh\b \_jhylghklb _ lZab gZ d\Zglh\ZlZ
bgnhjfZpby LZdZ g_aZiZa\Zg_lh \tietl_gh \t\ \_jhylghklgby ihôh^ gZ
d\Zglh\ZlZ f_oZgbdZ l_ bgnhjfZpbylZ dZlh ktihklZ\yg_lh gZ \_jhylghklb
ijb^h[b \_q_ klZlml gZ itj\bqgZ nbabq_kdZ j_Zeghkl b k lh\Z g_ kZfh k_
_fZgpbibjZ gh b k_ jZ\ghihklZ\b ktk aZiZa\Zg_lh l_ k _g_j]bylZ <tagbdgZ
\tijhktlZ^Zeb_g_j]bylZg__qZkl_gkemqZcgZbgnhjfZpbylZ^ZebaZiZa\Zg_lh
g_ _ qZkl_g kemqZc gZ g_aZiZa\Zg_lh" AZ ijb\tj`_gbpbl_ gZ ³^bZe_dlbq_kdby
38
“:jbklhl_eh\ZlZ NbabdZ _ lZcgZlZ b aZlh\Z gbdh]Z g_ij_fbke_gZ ^hklZltqgh

Hkgh\gZ dgb]Z gZ AZiZ^gZlZ nbehkhnby OZc^_]_j

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39
Kj\ gZij k hlghr_gb_lh gZ gZmdZlZ dtf j_eb]bylZ ljy[\Z ^Z k_ ba]jZ`^Z gZ ijbgpbiZ gZ
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^Zeb³fZl_jbylZ´g__qZkl_gkemqZcgZ³^\b`_gb_lh´"
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aZ bake_^\Zg_ gZ kbegh g_ebg_cgb nbabq_kdb ijhp_kb ijb dhblh fgh]h fZedb
\ta^_ckl\by \ hij_^_e_gb fhf_glb l gZj lhqdb gZ [bnmjdZpby ihjZ`^Zl
h]jhfgb ihke_^kl\byG_cgZlZ ktsghkl _ q_ ly ij_^klZ\ey\Z ijbqbggZ l_hjbygZ
g_ij_^kdZam_fhkllZ l_ iha\hey\Z \ hij_^_e_gb jZfdb ^Z k_ ij_^kdZa\Z
kemqZcghlh oZhlbqghlh :dh d\Zglh\ZlZ f_oZgbdZ aZiZab ebg_cghkllZ gh \t\_^_
\_jhylghklbl_ bgnhjfZpbylZ \t\ nmg^Zf_glZ gZ fbjha^Zgb_lh lh l_hjbylZ gZ
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g_ebg_cghkllZ gZ l_hjbylZ gZ oZhkZ k nmg^Zf_glZegZlZ \_jhylghklghkl gZ
d\Zglh\ZlZf_oZgbdZ
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\_jhylghklbl_ klZlbklbdZlZ b l_jfh^bgZfbdZlZ dZdlh b kthl\_lgbl_ Zki_dlb gZ
klZlbklbq_kdZlZ nbabdZ :dh gZbklbgZ bgnhjfZpbylZ \ dZq_kl\hlh gZ g_ebg_cgh
ij_h[jZam\Zg_ gZ \_jhylghklb _ \ hkgh\ZlZ gZ fbjha^Zgb_lh dZd\Zlh _ gZc-
jZ^bdZegZlZobihl_aZgZd\Zglh\ZlZbgnhjfZpbylhhlnbehkhnkdZ\Z`ghkl_dZd
fZl_fZlbq_kdb b nbabq_kdb k_ kthlgZkyl ^\_l_ hkgh\gb gZqZeZ gZ k\_lZ
ktab^Zgb_lh bgnhjfZpbylZ b jZajmr_gb_lh _gljhibylZ Hl lZab ]e_^gZ lhqdZ
kfylZf aZ gZc-\Z`gb nemdlZpbhggh-^bkbiZlb\gZlZ l_hj_fZ EZg^Zm Ebrnbp
1976: 431-441; Julh\ 1976: 427-429; =bga[mj] 1975: 335-337 b l_hj_fZlZ gZ D
R_gtgaZfZdkbfmfZgZkb]gZeihdZgZekrmfR_gghgbke)Kihj_^
nemdlZpbhggh-^bkbiZlb\gZlZ l_hj_fZ dhedhlh kZ ih-]he_fb nemdlmZpbbl_
hldehg_gbylZ hl jZ\gh\_kghlh ktklhygb_ gZ _^gZ kbkl_fZ \ lhedh\Z ih-\bkhdZ
kl_i_g ly fh`_ ^Z k_ kZfhhj]ZgbabjZ \ g_jZ\gh\_kgh l_ ^Z ihklb]g_ klZ[begh
kZfhih^^tj`Zsh k_ g_jZ\gh\_kgh ktklhygb_ dZd\blh kZ \kbqdb [bheh]bqgb
khpbZegbbikbobq_kdby\e_gbyDhedhlhih-]heyfh³aehíh-]heyfh³baiblZgb_´
fh`_ ^Z ba^tj`b _^gZ kbkl_fZ [_a ^Z k_ jZajmrb lhedh\Z _ ih-]heyf g_cgbyl
ihl_gpbZeaZ³ktab^Zgb_´Kihj_^l_hj_fZlZgZDR_gtgfZdkbfmfbgnhjfZpby
k_ ij_^Z\Z ih dZgZe k rmf lh]Z\Z dh]Zlh kZfbyl kb]gZe _ kemqZ_g l_ bfZ
nhjfZlZgZrmf
Gh Zdh – dZdlh gb kt\_l\Z OZc^_]_j – hklZ\bf ij_h^hey\Zg_lh gZ
f_lZnbabdZlZ gZ kZfZlZ g_y lh ij_^ gZk k_ hldjb\Z _^gZ kh[kl\_gh nbehkhnkdZ
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27
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kh[kl\_gh ih_lbq_g klbe dhclh _ \ktsghkl f_lh^tl gZ baeh`_gb_ \t\
nbehkhnbylZ gZ ^moZ G_sZlZ g_ kZ Z lmd-lZf ]b bfZ (Es gibt, k l_jfbgZ gZ
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iZd k g_]h\ l_jfbg < ^moZ hibkZg hl\tlj_ g_sZlZ g_ kZ ihklhyggb mklhcqb\b
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dZlh ^mo Z g_ dZlh \tietlbe k_ \ kts_kl\m\Zsh \ Dasein dZdlh ih-dtkgh s_ ]h
ij_^klZ\b\oh^ZgZ_kl_kl\_ghlhfmkZfhjZa\blb_OZc^_]_j
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ij_hkfbkeyg_ gZ OZc^_]_j gZ g_]h\ZlZ ³nmg^Zf_glZegZ hglheh]by´ hl ³;blb_ b
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\_ebdb g_fkdb nbehkhnb \ ^bZeh] ihf_`^m bf AZ ^Z hagZqbf lhab ij_oh^ gb _
g_h[oh^bfZ ihôh^ysZ ^mfZ dhylh ^Z aZ]h\hjb hkgh\gZlZ ^mfZ gZ OZc^_]_j –
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kZfhjZa\blb_ dZdlh \t\ ³N_ghf_gheh]by gZ ^moZ´ Z _ ^mo dhclh _ ktsghklgh
h[\tjaZg ktk kts_kl\m\Zshlh b aZlh\Z _ ehdZebabjZg – dhclh \bgZ]b fh`_ ^Z k_
ihkhqb_lh]hDZDa!-Sein, Da!-sein – aZjZaebdZhl^moZlZdZ^Zk_dZ`_kZfih
k_[_kbdhclh_nZglhfijbajZdihy\y\Zk_baq_a\Zbijbktkl\ZkZfhlmd-lZflm
lmd lm lZf Z ^Z k_ ehdZebabjZ b ihkhqb _ g_ ih\_q_ hl b]jZ beb [_agZ^_`^gh
aZgbfZgb_LZab^mfZg_jZa^_e_g^jm]ZjgZDaseins_[t^_Dazeit: Zeit is da. Da!
Da!-Zeit. Dazeit e ijhklh kbghgbf gZ Dasein ^jm]h jZa[bjZg_ aZ g_]h Dazeit e
\tietl_ghlh \j_f_ \tietl_gbyl ^mo dhclh _ \j_f_ fbke_g_lh dh_lh _ \j_f_
dh_lh_bklhjby
Klh\Zhldjb\Zf_q_bO_]_eh\ZlZkbgl_aZO_]_eh\ZlZljbZ^Zk__k^h[beZk
g_jZa^_e_g ^jm]Zj - ba[hjtl Ba[hjtl _ ijhklh h[tjgZlZ kbgl_aZ g_bg djZ_g
ZgZeh] ktsZlZ ly gh \b^ygZ hl qZkllZ g_ hl pyehlh GZbklbgZ ba[jZgZlZ
Zel_jgZlb\Z kthl\_lkl\m\Z gZ l_aZlZ g_ba[jZgZlZ Zel_jgZlb\Z - gZ Zglbl_aZlZ Z
ktklhygb_lhij_^bba[hjZdh]Zlh^\_l_Zel_jgZlb\bkZ\k_hs_aZ_^gh–kbgl_aZlZ
>motlbqh\_dtlDazeit bDasein k_^\b`Zl_^bgkj_sm^jm]qh\_dtlhlqZkllZdtf
28
pyehlh hl fbgZeh dtf [t^_s_ Z ^motl hl pyehlh dtf qZkllZ hl [t^_s_ dtf
fbgZeh b kZfh \ lh\Z kgh\Zg_ kZfh \ lhab bagZqZe_g ^bkdmjk gZ Keh\hlh
gZklhys_lhfh`_^Zk_hkgh\_mklhcqb\h^Zk_ij_\tjg_\ijbjh^Zih^qbg_gZgZ
b ih kts_kl\h ij_^klZ\ey\ZsZ kZfhlh aZiZa\Zg_ LZdZ ijbjh^ZlZ \tagbd\Z hl
bklhjbylZ gZmdZlZ ³nbabdZ´ hl gZmdZlZ ³bklhjby´ f_lZnbabdZlZ hl hglheh]bylZ
gh lZdZ _ kZfh aZ qh\_dZ dhe_]Z gZ ^moZ \taijb_e b g_]h\ZlZ ]e_^gZ lhqdZ AZ
qh\_dZ ^hk_]Z ijhiZkl gZ ljZgkp_g^_glghlh hl^_eyr_ qh\_dZ hl ^moZ – qh\_dZ
hl^_e_ghl^moZ]hgZjbqZr_[h]b]hihk_e\Zr_gZg_[_lh–bhllmdijbjh^ZlZhl
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ijhba\_^_gb_lh gZ badmkl\hlh l\hj_gb_lh gZ ^moZ _ \tafh`ghlh kj_^
^_ckl\bl_eghlhih`_jl\Zghlh_\oZjbklbylZijbqZklb_lh[eZ]h^ZjghkllZLtdfh
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kfbkte gZ PHWDY \ ³f_lZnbabdZ´ k_]Z \ ijbjh^ZlZ dZlh dmelmj_g kbf\he gZ
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Fh`_f ^Z ih]e_^g_f gZ ^_ehlh gZ fbktelZ gZ ljbfZlZ Z\lhjb O_]_e
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kbgl_aZlZ ijb OZc^_]_j qh\_dtl dhclh agZ_ k_[_ kb dZlh ^mo dZlh qh\_dZ-ih_l
dZlhkts_kl\m\Zs^mo^modhclh_lmdDasein.
40
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³ ´ ³ ´
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bagZqZegby^bkdmjk41gZKeh\hlhgZij_^bgZaZ^\t\\j_f_lh
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41
?lbfheh]bylZ gZ ^bkdmjk gb hl\_`^Z dtf discurso” eZl – [y]Zf gZkZf-gZlZf
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42
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I_gjhma b ij_ô

30
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ij_h[jtsZO_]_ebojbklbygkdZlZnbehkhnby-ke_^Gbpr_-dZlhba\_`^Z^moZhl
qh\_dZ bklhjbqghkllZ hl \j_f_\hkllZ ljZgkp_g^_gpbylZ hl _dabkl_gpbZeghkllZ
lh\Zdh_lhijZ\bf_g_ijhklhaZ\jtsZg_dtfO_]_ebojbklbygkdZlZnbehkhnby
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l\hjysb bklhjbylZ Qh\_d ^Z hktagZ_ k_[_ kb g_ kZfh dZlh 'DVHLQ gh dZlh 'D]HLW
OZc^_]_jh\hlh ij_h[jtsZg_ gZ O_]_e fZdZj b g_ ZnbrbjZgh _ ZglbiZjZe_egh -
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hl FZjdk ³ij_h[jtsZg_ gZ O_]_e k ]eZ\ZlZ gZ]hj_´gZij FZjdk Marx
1957: 18>motlkydZrk_hdZa\Zk^\_hljbpZgbydhgdj_l_gg_-^moqh\_dtldjZ_g
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31
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ltjk_gbyg__^ghdjZlgh^Zk__^hklb]Zeh^hg_y
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dZdlh _ \t\_^_g \ O_]_eh\ZlZ nbehkhnby O_]_e Gbpr_ OZc^_]_j b ih-lhqgh
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hktagZ_ k\h_lh hktagZ\Zg_ dZlh hktagZ\Zg_ gZ qh\_dZ Qh\_dtl dhclh agZ_ q_ _
32
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aZ\eZklk_hdZa\Zbadmkl\hlhl\hjq_kl\hlh
LZdZ ³<heylZ aZ \eZkl dZlh badmkl\h´ s_ j_q_ hkfbkeyg_ gZ ^_ehlh gZ
fbktelZgZGbpr_dZlhZglbl_aZgZlh\ZgZO_]_ehl]e_^gZlZlhqdZgZkh[kl\_gbl_
\ta]e_^bgZ OZc^_]_j jZa[jZgb dZlh kbgl_aZ \taklZgh\y\ZsZ l_aZlZ ^moZ qj_a
Zglbl_aZlZqh\_dZg_dZlhkZfZlZg_ydZlhk\jtoqh\_dZl_qh\_dZhl\t^k_[_kb,
Z dZlh ih_lZ qh\_dZ fhjydZ aZ\tjgZe k_ hl ^te]hlh itlm\Zg_ gZc-k_lg_ m ^hfZ
OZc^_]_j\k_[_kb–hlk_[_kbgZ\tg(Heidegger 1961: 56-57, 60,
63-64, 65).
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klj_fbhlgh\h^Zbae_a_gZ\tgbihemqbij_^f_lghklghg_yihklb]ZÓ_]_e
529); ³g_sZklghlh ktagZgb_ _ ljZ]bqgZlZ kt^[Z gZ m\_j_ghkllZ \ kZfby k_[_
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ktsghkl (Wesenheit) \ lZab m\_j_ghkl \ k_[_ kb – ktagZgb_lh aZ aZ]m[ZlZ gZ
km[klZgpbylZZktshlZdZgZkhq_ghkllZdtfk_[_kblh_kdjt[lZdhylhk_badZa\Z
\kmjh\bl_^mfbq_[h]_mfjyeÓ_]_e43.
HdZa\Z k_ q_ ijhqmlbl_ ^mfb gZ Gbpr_ - ³;h] _ ftjlt\´ - bfZl ihqlb
[md\Ze_gbg_lhedh\Zba\_kl_gZgZeh]mO_]_e
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jZ[hlZ ktsh lZdZ fh`_ ^Z k_ hldjb_ \t\ ³N_ghf_gheh]by gZ ^moZ´ ³^motl \
g_]h\byk\ylb^motldhclhktagZ\Zk_[_kbdZlh^mobeb^motl\j_eb]bylZ__^bg
43
“… G o t t g e s t o r b e n i s t ” (Hegel 1988: 490).
33
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34
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44
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35
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535-536).
36
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1999: 540).
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37
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582).
38
Ke_^ dZlh ^motl k_ _ hktagZe dZlh qh\_d j_ki om^h`gbdtl dhclh l\hjb
k\_lZdZlhom^h`gbdZdhclh]hbah[jZay\Zghklh\Z\ktsghklbdhclhl\hjbk\_lZ
ke_^\ZsZlZ djZqdZ Zglbl_aZlZ _ ^motl ^Z bahklZ\b dZlh g_gm`gZ h[\b\dZ k\hylZ
g_qh\_rdZ ljZgkp_g^_glgZ qZkl [h]Z IjZ\b y Gbpr_ Hl eZj\ZlZ gZ [h]Z hl
dZdZ\b^ZlZgZ[h]hqh\_dZbaeblZ³k\jtoqh\_dtl´
QZklI³<heylZaZ\eZkldZlhbadmkl\h´ hlitj\bylhfgZ³Gbpr_´
OZc^_]_j ba\_`^Z ltedm\Zgb_lh gZ aZfbkteZ gZ Gbps_ hl q_l\tjlZlZ
ihke_^gZ]eZ\ZgZIII dgb]Z³<heylZaZ\eZkldZlhbadmkl\h´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 43).
AZsh"AZshlhltdfh\lZabkbqZklGbpr__gZc-[ebah^hOZc^_]_jblhih-lhqgh
ihitlyhlO_]_eaZOZc^_]_jkihj_^gZklhys_lhltedm\Zgb_
Ij_h[jtsZg_lhgZieZlhgbafZij_îjb_lhhlGbpr_hagZqZ\ZkZfh^Zk_
ljt]g_hlk_lb\ghlhhlnZdlbqghlhl_[blb_lhSein ^Zk_fbkeb\_q_dZlhDasein.
Gbpr_ kfylZ q_ qj_a h[jtsZg_lh ³\tagbd\Z _^bg gh\ ihjy^td ³hl k_[_ kb”
(Heidegger 1961: I: 39-40). Ij_h[jtsZg_lh gZ ieZlhgbafZ g_ hagZqZ\Z ^Z k_
jZaf_gyl f_klZlZ gZ k_lb\ghlh b g_k_lb\ghlh +HLGHJJHU , -233).
K_lb\ghlh b g_k_lb\ghlh g_ ljy[\Z ^Z k_ ij_h[tjgZl, Z ^Z k_ ltedm\Zl ih gh\
gZqbg´^Zk_ijhf_gbko_fZlZgZihjy^tdZihg_`_ij_h[jtsZg_lhgZieZlhgbafZ
ljy[\Z^ZklZg__^ghhltjk\Zg_hlieZlhgbafZ´+HLGHJJHU,<jZ[hlZlZ
gZGbpr_³DZd³bklbggbyk\yl´gZdjZyklZgZ[Zkgy´bklhjbylZgZnbehkhnbylZk_
ij_^klZ\yihgZqbgihdhclh\³g_cgbyoh^k\jtok_lb\ghlhiheh`_ghhlIeZlhg
dZlh bklbggh kts_kl\m\Zshlh g_ kZfh k_ ij_f_kl\Z hl ]hj_g jZg] \ ^he_g Z
ihlt\Z \ g_^_ckl\bl_eghlh b g_\Zeb^ghlh´ ³Bklbggbyl k\yl´ k\jtok_lb\ghlh b
\b^bfbyl k\yl k_lb\ghlh aZ_^gh ij_^klZ\ey\Zl lh\Z dh_lh ijhlb\hklhb kj_sm
qbklhlh gbsh kts_kl\m\Zshlh \ pyehkl :dh b ^\_l_ k_ hlkljZgyl lh \kbqdh
ihiZ^Z\qbklhlhgbsh´+HLGHJJHU,
2 IhklZ\yg_lh gZ `b\hlZ `b\hlh \ hkgh\ZlZ gZ gh\hlh iheZ]Zg_ gZ
p_gghklbij_îjb_lhhlGbpr_hagZqZ\ZDasein ^Zk_\b^b\g_]h\ZlZhldjblhkl
l_\g_]h\hlhktsghklghhlghr_gb_dtf[t^_s_lh³@b\hlhbfZlhaboZjZdl_jgZ
ijhgbd\Zsh gZ^gbd\Zg_ \ [t^_shlh \tlj_ \ dhylh bah[sh g_sh fh`_ ^Z fm k_
y\b<³hj]Zgbqghlh´bfZ_^ghgh\hfgh`_kl\hhlih^[m^bbkbeb\kydhhldhblh
bfZ k\hy i_jki_dlb\Z Fgh`_kl\hlh hl i_jki_dlb\b jZaebqZ\Z hj]Zgbqghlh hl
g_hj]Zgbqghlh h[Zq_ ktsh b lh\Z bfZ k\hy i_jki_dlb\Z kZfh q_ \ g_y – \
ijb\ebqZg_lh b hl[etkd\Zg_lh - k_ ml\tj`^Z\Z g_^\mkfbke_gh ³hlghr_gb_lh gZ
\eZkl´ ;,,, ´ +HLGHJJHU , ³< lZdh\Z fgh`_kl\h k_ ba]m[\Z
g_^\mkfbke_ghkllZ gZ hl^_egZlZ i_jki_dlb\Z \ dhylh k_ gZfbjZ \kydh]Zrghlh
^_ckl\bl_egh G_]h\ZlZ fgh]hkfbke_ghkl dhylh k_ bajZay\Z \ ih\_q_lh
39
i_jki_dlb\b _ ^Z^_gZ b ke_^h\Zl_egh \ g_hij_^_e_ghlh hgh\Z dh_lh lm lZdZ lm
bgZq_ba]e_`^Zbkihj_^lh\Zk_^Z\Zlmlhablmhgabba]e_^Lhabba]e_^h[Zq__
_^\Z lh]Z\Z \tgr_g \b^ \ kfbkteZ gZ ijhklZlZ \tgrghkl dh]Zlh lh\Z dh_lh k_
ihdZa\Z \ _^gZlZ i_jki_dlb\Z k_ mdj_i\Z b k_ ml\tj`^Z\Z dZlh _^bgkl\_gh
f_jh^Z\gh \ mstj[ gZ ^jm]b ijhf_gysh k_ gZibjZsb i_jki_dlb\b´ +HLGHJJHU
1961: I: 245-246).
Hllmd ljZ^bpbhgghjZa[jZgZlZ bklbgZdhylh ba[bjZ gZeZ]Z b \l\tj^y\Z
_^gZkj_^fgh]hlhi_jki_dlb\bijhlb\hklhbgZbadmkl\hlhbgZ`b\hlZgZfbjZk_
\ jZa^\h_gb_ k lyo45 Lh\Z aZ IeZlhg _ hsZkleb\y\Zsh gh aZ Gbpr_ _ m`Zkgh
(Heidegger 1961: I: 230). ³:dhbklbgZlZk_ijb_fZdZlhijb\b^ghkll_dZlhijhklZ
ijb\b^ghkl dZlh aZ[em`^_gb_ lh lh]Z\Z lh\Z agZqb bklbgZlZ ijbgZê_`b dtf
i_jki_dlb\ghlh y\y\Zg_ ml\tj^_gZlZ ijb\b^ghkl ba]e_^tl +HLdegger 1961: I:
³Badmkl\h b bklbgZ kZ agZpb gZi_jki_dlb\ghlh y\y\Zg_´ +HLGHJJHU ,
250). “Badmkl\hlh_dZlhbaykgy\Zg_m\_ebqZ\Zsh`b\hlZltcdZdlhbklbgZlZ_
ml\tj`^Z\Zg_gZ_^bgba]e_^´(Heidegger 1961: I: 250). ³hlktsghkllZgZ\heylZ
aZ \eZkl ljy[\Z ^Z k_ ihemqb _^gZ bagZqZegZ \aZbfh\jtadZ gZ djZkhlZ b bklbgZ
dhylh kts_\j_f_ggh ^Z klZg_ _^gh jZa^\h_gb_´ +HLGHJJHU ,
Ke_^h\Zl_egh \_q_ dZlh k_ gZkhqbf dtf oZc^_]_jbZgkdb jZa[jZgZlZ bklbgZ
DMOKYTHLD, jZa^\h_gb_lh f_`^m bklbgZ b badmkl\h baq_a\Z ³BklbgZ b djZkhlZ k_
hlgZkyl ih k\hylZ ktsghkl dtf _^gh b ktsh [blb_lh l_ aZ_^gh ijbgZê_`Zl gZ
_^ghlh j_rZ\Zshlh ^Z hldjb\Zf_ b m^tj`Zf_ hldjblh [blb_lh H[Zq_ \ lh\Z \
dh_lh l_ \aZbfgh kb ijbgZê_`Zl l_ aZ qh\_dZ ljy[\Z ^Z k_ jZa^_eyl l_ k_
jZa^\hy\Zl ltc dZlh [blb_lh aZ IeZlhg _ g_k_lb\ghlh hldjblhkllZ gZ [blb_lh
bklbgZlZfh`_^Z[t^_kZfhg_k_lb\ghlhk\_l_g_´+HLGHJJHU,ktshb
231). ³BklbgZ b badmkl\h kZ _^gZd\h g_h[oh^bfb aZ j_ZeghkllZ DZlh _^gZd\h
g_h[oh^bfbl_k_gZfbjZl\jZa^\h_gb_Lh\Zhlghr_gb_h[Zq_klZ\Zm`Zkgh_^\Z
dh]Zlh h[fbkebf q_ l\hj_g_lh l_ f_lZnbabqgZlZ ^_cghkl dZlh badmkl\h
ihemqZ\Zb_^gZ^jm]Zg_h[oh^bfhkl\fb]Zdh]ZlhnZdltlgZ\_ebdhlhkt[blb_gZ
kftjllZ gZ fhjZegby [h] _ ba\_kl_gZ K_]Z aZ Gbpr_ 'DVHLQ ke_^\Z ^Z ij_[b\Z\Z
kZfhhs_\l\hj_g_lhL\hj_g_lhh[Zq__dZlhbadmkl\h\heyaZijb\b^ghkllhk_
gZfbjZ \ jZa^\h_gb_ k bklbgZlZ Badmkl\hlh dZlh \hey aZ ijb\b^ghkl H gZc-
\bkrbyl h[jZa gZ \heylZ aZ \eZkl Lh\Z h[Zq_ dZlh hkgh\_g oZjZdl_j gZ
kts_kl\m\ZshlhdZlhktsghklgZj_ZeghkllZH\k_[_kbhgh\Z[blb_dh_lhbkdZ
45
Kj\ k J_eb]bhagbyl baoh^_g imgdl _ bklbgZlZ Lhab baoh^_g imgdl _ \ k _ h [ s b a o h ^ _ g
³
i m g d l H;S aZ b a d m k l \ h l h aZ j _ e b ] b y l Z b g Z m d Z l Z ... “ (Hegel 1993: 142).

40
kZfhlh k_[_ kb dZlh lh bkdZ ^Z [t^_ klZ\Zg_ LZdZ Gbpr_ hibl\Z \t\ \heylZ aZ
\eZkl ^Z h[fbkeb aZ_^gh klZjhlh ijhlb\hj_qb_ gZ [blb_ b klZ\Zg_ ;blb_lh dZlh
gZebqghklljy[\Z^Ziha\hebklZ\Zg_lh^Z[t^_klZ\Zg_Ijhbaoh^tlgZfbke_g_lh
gZ³\_qghlhaZ\jtsZg_´_ke_^h\Zl_eghihdZaZg´+HLGHJJHU,
Hllmd \_q_ klZgZ ykgZ hkgh\gZlZ ktsghkl gZ ³\heylZ aZ \eZkl´ dZlh
klZjhlhijhlb\hj_qb_f_`^m[blb_bklZ\Zg_´ZaZshg_bf_`^m³[blb_b\j_f_´
“Pyehlh[blb__aZGbps_klZ\Zg_:eZlh\ZklZ\Zg_bfZoZjZdl_jZgZ^_ckl\b_b
Zdlb\ghkl gZ bkdZg_ <heylZ h[Zq_ b \ k\hylZ ktsghkl \hey aZ \eZkl” (Heidegger
1961: I: 15). Kts_kl\m\Zshlh_\heyaZ\eZkl(Heidegger 1961: I: 12). “DZd\hbdZd_
kZfZlZ\heyaZ\eZkl"Hl]h\hj<_qghlhaZ\jtsZg_gZ_^gZd\hlh” (Heidegger 1961:
I: 27).³Hkgh\gbyloZjZdl_jgZkts_kl\m\Zshlh_\heylZaZ\eZklbkdZg_lhagZqb
klZ\Zg_lh´(Heidegger 1961: I: 27)³:dhkZfbyl`b\hl_\heyaZ\eZkllhlhckZfbyl
_hkgh\ZlZprincipium-tlgZiheZ]Zg_lhgZp_gghklbLh]Z\Zg__^bg^te]hij_^_ey
[blb_lhZ[blb_lh-_^bg^te]´(Heidegger 1961: I: 42)³\heylZaZ\eZkl_g_sh
l\hjysh´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 73) ³ gZ l\hj_g_lh ktsghklgh ijbgZê_`b
jZajmrZ\Zg_lh´(Heidegger 1961: I: 73)³<heylZ_\k_[_kbl\hjysZbjZajmrZ\ZsZ
_^gh\j_f_ggh GZ^-k_[_-kb-ba\tg-]hkih^kl\hlh _ \bgZ]b ktsh b mgbsh`_gb_´
(Heidegger 1961: I: 76) ³\heylZ \ k_[_ kb _ \_q_ \hey aZ \eZkl \eZkl g_ agZqb
^jm]h hk\_g ^_ckl\bl_eghkllZ gZ \heylZ´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 76) ³ \eZkllZ aZ
Gbpr_ agZqb ktshlhdZlh \hey ktsh lZdZ k_ h^_ckl\bl_eghkly\Z dZlh ktsghkllZ
gZ \heylZ´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 76) ³<eZkl agZqb aZ Gbpr_ _^gh\j_f_ggh
GXYQDPL, HMQHYUJHLD, HMQWHOHYFHLD” (Heidegger 1961: I: 77) ³ dgb]ZlZ 4 (IX) gZ
F_lZnbabdZlZ dhylh h[kt`^Z GXYQDPL, HMQHYUJHLD, HMQWHOHYFHLD dZlh gZc-\bkrbl_
hij_^_e_gby gZ [blb_lh´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 77) ³<tafh`ghkl ^_ckl\bl_eghkl b
g_h[oh^bfhkl klZ\Zl fh^Zeghklb gZ [blb_lh b gZ fbke_g_lh´ (Heidegger 1961: I:
77) <heylZ aZ \eZkl _ b bkdZg_ < bkdZg_lh [_a ^Z ]h baq_ji\Z e_`b _^gZ
gZkhq_ghkldtf(Heidegger 1961: I: 49-50)BkdZghlhbbkdZshlhkbijbgZê_`Zl
gZ³hkgh\ZlZgZbkdZg_lhbqj_abkdZghlh´(Heidegger 1961: I: 51);³bkdZg_lh_gZ^
k_[_ kb ba\tg´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 56-57) ³<heylZ _ kZfh \hey dZlh gZ^-k_[_-kb-
ba\tg-bkdZg_dZlhih\_q_-bkdZg_´(Heidegger 1961: I: 60)³BkdZg_lh_\bgZ]b_^gh
k_[_-^h\_`^Zg_-\-kZfbyk_[_kbbke_^h\Zl_eghk_[_-gZfbjZg_\gZ^-k_[_-kb-ba\tg
... ” (Heidegger 1961: I: 63-64)³BkdZshlh_dZlhlZdh\ZbkdZsh-gZ^-k_[_-kb-ba\tg
\bkdZg_lhgb_k_magZ\Zf_dZlhgZ^gZkba\tg´(Heidegger 1961: I: 64). JZ^hkllZ_
qm\kl\m\Zsh ^Z-k_-^h\_^_f-gb_-\-kZfbl_ gZk ih gZqbgZ gZ _^gh gZ^-gZk-gZlZltd
G__^gZd\hkllZ dhylh e_`b \ gZ^-k_[_-kb-ba\tg k_ kt-h[jZam\Z b hldjb\Z itj\h \
jZ^hkllZ +HLGHJJHU , <kydh bkdZg_ _ bkdZg_ ^Z [t^_r ih\_q_ KZfZlZ
41
\eZkl _ kZfh ^hdhedhlh ly b ^hdZlh ly hklZ\Z _^gh bkdZg_-^Z-[t^_-ih\_q_-\eZkl
(Heidegger 1961: I: 72). “K_[_ml\tj`^Z\Zg_lh _ bagZqZegh ml\tj`^Z\Zg_ gZ
ktsghkllZ´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 73).
Ltdfh aZlh\Z ³³ _^gh ltedm\Zgb_ gZ ktjp_\bgZlZ gZ \heylZ aZ \eZkl
ljy[\Z ^Z aZihqg_ ltdfh lmd ijb badmkl\hlh´ +HLGHJJHU , ³AZ
om^h`gbdZ [blb_lh [eyk\Z aZ gZk gZc-g_ihkj_^kl\_gh b yjdh AZsh" ;blb_lh gZ
om^h`gbd _ kihkh[ghkl aZ ijhba\_`^Zg_ Ijhba\_`^Zg_ h[Zq_ agZqb g_sh dh_lh
hs_ g_ _ k_ ihklZ\y \ [blb_lh < ijhba\_`^Zg_lh gb_ ijbktkl\m\Zf_ kydZr gZ
klZ\Zg_lh gZ kts_kl\m\Zshlh b lmd fh`_f ^Z ktaj_f g_]h\ZlZ ktsghkl
g_aZft]e_gZ´ +HLGHJJHU , ³< [blb_lh gZ om^h`gbdZ k_ kj_sZf_ k gZc-
ijhajZqgby b gZc-ba\_klgby gZqbg gZ \heylZ aZ \eZkl \tlj_ \ lh\Z j_rZ\Zsh
ij_^bfkl\h bfZ hkfbkeyg_lh hl badmkl\hlh +HLGHJJHU , BfZ ³^\_
ktsghklgbl\tj^_gbyhlghkghbadmkl\hlh1. Badmkl\hlh_gZc-ijhajZqgbylbgZc-
ihagZlbyl h[jZa gZ \heylZ aZ \eZkl Badmkl\hlh ljy[\Z ^Z k_ ko\ZsZ hl
om^h`gbdZ´ +HLGHJJHU , ³ k ih]e_^Z gZ ktsghkllZ gZ badmkl\hlh
ke_^\Z ^Z k_ jZa]e_^Zl ktsh lZdZ b ^jm]bl_ h[jZab gZ \heylZ aZ \eZkl ijbjh^Z
j_eb]by fhjZe fh`_f ^Z ^hitegbf h[s_kl\h b bg^b\b^ ihagZgb_ gZmdZ
nbehkhnby´ L_ kthl\_lkl\Zl ³gZ [blb_lh gZ om^h`gbdZ gZ om^h`_kl\_ghlh
l\hj_g_ b [blb_lh gZ l\hj_ghlh´ +HLGHJJHU , Gbpr_ ]h\hjb q_
om^h`gbdtl__^gh³ij_^-kltiZeh´gZ³k\_lZdZlh_^ghjZ`^Zshk_hlkZfhk_[_kb
ijhba\_^_gb_gZbadmkl\hlh´+HLGHJJHU,-Hllmdke_^\Z³_^ghlj_lh
l\tj^_gb_aZbadmkl\hlhBadmkl\hlh_kihj_^jZarbj_ghlhihgylb_aZom^h`gbdZ
hkgh\ghlh kt[blb_ gZ \kbqdh kts_kl\m\Zsh kts_kl\m\Zshlh _ ^hdhedhlh lh _
g_shkZfh-l\hjyshk_ktl\hj_gh´+HLGHJJHU,³Kihj_^lh\Zbadmkl\hlh
\ l_k_g kfbkte _ hgZab ^_cghkl \ dhylh l\hj_g_lh k_ kj_sZ ktk kZfhlh k_[_ kb b
klZ\Z gZc-ijhajZqgh g_ kZfh _^bg h[jZa gZ \heylZ aZ \eZkl kj_^ ^jm]bl_ Z gZc-
\bkrbyl +HLGHJJHU , ?lh b ³_^gh q_l\tjlh l\tj^_gb_ hlghkgh
ktsghkllZ gZ badmkl\hlh Badmkl\hlh _ hlebqbl_eghlh ijhlb\h^\b`_gb_ kj_sm
gbobebafZ´ +HLGHJJHU , ³Gbobebaftl agZqb gZc-\bkrbl_ p_gghklb k_
h[_ap_gy\Zl´L_kZaZ]m[beb³aZGbpr_k\hylZl\hjq_kdZkbeZ´(Heidegger 1961: I:
35).OZc^_]_jpblbjZnjZ]f_glhl³<heylZaZ\eZkl´gZGbpr_dhylhaZihq\Z
““Om^h`gbdtl-nbehkhn +HLGHJJHU , GZc-\Z`gh _ i_lhlh ³ihke_^gh
l\tj^_gb_hlghkghbadmkl\hlhBadmkl\hlh_ih-p_gghhl³bklbgZlZ´+HLGHJJHU
, ³Badmkl\hlh _ h[jZa gZ \heylZ aZ \eZkl´ +HLGHJJHU ,
³Gbpr_\hlh ]eZ\gh l\tj^_gb_ hlghkgh badmkl\hlh dh_lh ³k_ h[ykgy\Z qj_a
42
gZah\Zgbl_ i_l l\tj^_gby´ _ ³aZ badmkl\hlh dZlh gZc-\_ebdby klbfmeZgl gZ
`b\hlZ´+HLGHJJHU,-91).
:eZ bklbgZlZ ltdfh \ k\h_lh ijhlb\hklh_g_ gZ g_]h _ b qZkl hl g_]h
Om^h`gbdtl ³gZ gbsh g_ ijbagZ\Z p_gghkl hk\_g Zdh lh g_ ktmf__ ^Z klZg_
nhjfZ´ ³<heylZ aZ \eZkl´ n. 817). (Heidegger 1961: I: 139) Om^h`gbdtl dZlh
hagZq_gb_ gZ _kl_lbq_kdh ktklhygb_ k_ hlgZky dtf nhjfZlZ g_ dZlh g_sh dh_lh
bajZay\Z ^jm]h ³Om^h`_kl\_ghlh hlghr_gb_ dtf nhjfZlZ _ ex[h\ dtf nhjfZlZ
aZjZ^blh\Zdh_lhly_´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 140)KtsghkllZgZb^_ZebabjZg_lhk_
ktklhb\_^gh³ba\tgj_^ghih^lbd\Zg_gZ]eZ\gZlZq_jlZ´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 137).
³L\hj_g_lh _ ih-ijhklh b ih-kbegh mklj_fy\Zg_ dtf gZk gZ ]eZ\gZlZ q_jlZ´
(Heidegger 1961: I: 137) ³<_ebdbyl klbe k_ ktklhb \ h[jtsZg_lh gZ \gbfZgb_ gZ
fZedZlZ b djZldhljZcgZ djZkhlZ lh\Z _ k_lb\h aZ fZedhlh b [Z\ghlh´ XIV, 145)
(Heidegger 1961: I: 147).³<_ebdbylklbe_gZc-\bkr_lhqm\kl\haZ\eZkl´ (Heidegger
1961: I: 147).
Badmkl\hlh “ljy[\Z ^Z [t^_ ijhlb\h^\b`_gb_ kj_sm gbobebafZ l_
iheZ]Zg_gZgh\bl_gZc-\bkrbp_gghklb”, ³_^gh\j_f_gghh[Zq_k_bkdZbadmkl\hlh
kh[kl\_gh^Zk_jZa[_j_ihitlybktkkj_^kl\ZlZgZnbabheh]bylZ” (Heidegger 1961:
I: 110). ?kl_lbdZlZ ³ljy[\Z ^Z [t^_ ³nbabheh]by´ Lh\Z s_ j_q_: k_lb\gbl_
ktklhygby\a_lbdZlhqbklh^mr_\gbk_ijhke_^y\Zlh[jZlgh^hijbgZê_`Zsbbf
l_e_kgb ktklhygby” (Heidegger 1961: I: 114). ³hkgh\ghlh _kl_lbqgh ktklhygb_ _
hibyg_gb_lh´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 116) Hibyg_gb_lh _ ³gZqbgtl ih dhclh gb_ k_
gZfbjZf_ ijb gZk kZfbl_ b ijb lh\Z _^gh\j_f_ggh ijb g_sZlZ ijb
kts_kl\m\Zshlh dhblh g_ kf_ gb_ kZfbl_” (Heidegger 1961: I: 118). Gbpr_
ih^q_jlZ\Z \ hibyg_gb_lh gZc-gZij_^ ^\_ g_sZ Qm\kl\hlh gZ m\_ebqZ\Zg_ gZ
kbeZlZQm\kl\hlhgZiteghlZ+HLGHJJHU,B³_^ghlj_lh\qm\kl\hlh
aZhibyg_gb_i_jbh^bqghlhgZeZ]Zg_gZ\kbqdbm\_ebq_gbyb\kbqdbkihkh[ghklb
aZ ^_ckl\Zg_ b \b`^Zg_ aZ \taijbylb_ b aZ]h\Zjyg_ aZ kth[sZ\Zg_ b hklZ\yg_ gZ
kt^[ZlZ” (Heidegger 1961: I: 120). Hibyg_gb_lh _ _^bgkl\h ³\ ^\_ ktklhygby´
³Zihehgh\h´ b ³^bhgbkb_\h´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 122) ³Hibyg_gb_lh _ qm\kl\h
bfZsZ `blb_ gZkljh_ghkl `blb_lh m^tj`Zgh \ gZkljh_ghkllZ gZkljh_ghkllZ
ij_ie_l_gZ\`blb_lh´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 125-126).
8. Ktk ³k\jtoqh\_d´ Gbpr_ bfZ ij_^\b^ qh\_dZ dhclh ij_fbgZ\Z gZ^
^hk_]Zrgby ³>hk_]Zrgbyl qh\_d h[Zq_ _ lhab qbclh 'DVHLQ b hlghr_gb_ dtf
[blb_lh k_ hij_^_ey qj_a ieZlhgbafZ \ dhy ^Z _ g_]h\Z nhjfZ beb kf_k\Zg_ gZ
gydhedh Ihke_^gbyl qh\_d _ g_h[oh^bfhlh ke_^kl\b_ gZ g_ij_h^heygby
gbobebatf´ +HLGHJJHU , ³K\jtoqh\_dtl´ _ qh\_dtl dhclh hlgh\h
43
h[hkgh\Z\Z [blb_lh – \ kljh]hkllZ gZ agZgb_lh b \t\ \_ebdby klbe gZ l\hj_g_lh
(Heidegger 1961: I: 254).
GZ hkgh\ZlZ gZ \kbqdh dZaZgh b fbfhoh^hf OZc^_]_j jZadjb\Z \jtadZlZ
gZ nbehkhnbylZ gZ Gbpr_ k _\jhi_ckdZlZ nbehkhnby hl IeZlhg gZkZf \ lq k
deZkbq_kdZlZ g_fkdZ b ki_pbZegh k O_]_eh\ZlZ nbehkhnby GZijbf_j ³\_ebdbl_
fbkebl_eb gbdh]Z g_ kZ ij_^hklZ\yeb \ ko\ZsZg_lh gZ \heylZ itj\h fyklh gZ
ij_^klZ\yg_lh´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 68) ³AZ O_]_e agZgb_lh b bkdZg_lh kZ _^gh b
ktsh´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 69). G_fkdbyl b^_Zebatf _ fbke_e [blb_lh dZlh \hey
LZabnbehkhnbyk__hkf_ebeZktshlZdZ^Zfbkebg_]Zlb\ghlhdZlhijbgZê_`Zsh
dtf [blb_lh >hklZltqgh _ ihkhq\Zg_lh gZ _^gb ^mfb gZ O_]_e \ ij_^]h\hjZ gZ
³N_ghf_gheh]bylZ gZ ^moZ´ Lmd O_]_e ]h\hjb aZ ³]b]ZglkdZlZ \eZkl gZ
g_]Zlb\ghlh´+HLGHJJHU,-74).Kihj_^Gbpr_³<heylZaZ\eZklń. 416):
³AgZq_gb_lh gZ g_fkdZlZ nbehkhnby O_]_e ^Z kb ij_^klZ\bf iZgl_batf ijb
dhclh aehlh aZ[em^ZlZ b [hedZlZ g_ k_ \taijb_fZl dZlh Zj]mf_glb kj_sm
[h`_kl\_ghkllZ LZab]jZg^bhagZbgbpbZlb\Z_g_ijZ\beghba\_^_gZhlgZebqgbl_
\eZklb ^tj`Z\Z b ij dZlh k lh\Z ^Z _ kZgdpbhgbjZgZ jZamfghkllZ gZ
g_ihkj_^kl\_ghlh ]hkih^kl\h´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 74). Dh]Zlh ijb O_]_e
“_kl_lbdZlZ ihemqZ\Z gZc-\bkhdZlZ \tafh`gZ \bkhlZ rbjhlZ b kljh]hkl gZ
ba]jZ`^Zg_ \_ebdhlh badmkl\h _ \ miZ^td Hkts_kl\y\Zg_lh gZ _kl_lbdZlZ bfZ
k\h_lh \_ebqb_ \ lh\Z q_ ly magZ\Z b badZa\Z lhab djZc gZ \_ebdhlh badmkl\h´
(Heidegger 1961: I: 100-101).
Lhdm-shgZijZ\_gZlZ[_]eZkbkl_fZlbaZpbygbiha\hey\Z^Zhldjhbf\^moZ
gZltedm\Zgb_lhij_îjb_lh\gZklhysZlZjZ[hlZgydhedhfhf_glZ
I. Hl klZ\Zg_lh dZlh [blb_ b hl Z[khexlgZlZ ieZlhgh\Z b^_y dhylh ijb
O_]_e\_q_g__g_baf_ggZZk__ij_\tjgZeZ\klZ\Zg_\^moZdhclhklZ\ZdZlhk_
kZfhihagZ\Z k_ ij_fbgZ\Z dtf \heylZ aZ \eZkl dhylh _ [blb_lh dZlh klZ\Zg_ b
dtf \tietl_ghkllZ gZ Z[khexlghlh \ dhgdj_lghkllZ gZ qh\_dZ \ om^h`gbdZ \
³k\jtoqh\_dZ´LtcdZlhlh\Z_hkgh\hiheZ]ZsZlZojbklbygkdZb^_yaZ[h]hqh\_dZ
lh k_ gZeZ]Z ³k\jtoqh\_dtl´ ^Z k_ jZa]jZgbqb hl g_y dZlh [h]tl _ h[y\_g aZ
³ftjlt\´ beb ^hjb [b\Z ³m[bl´ >Zeb h[Zq_ k lh\Z g_ klZ\Z ^mfZ aZ _^bg
nbeh]_g_lbq_g_d\b\Ze_glgZhglh]_g_lbqghlhgZ^jZkl\Zg_gZ_^bih\bydhfie_dk
qj_akbf\hebqghlhm[bckl\hgZ[ZsZlZ"
II. Hlbaoh^gZlZlhqdZgZfbgZehlhgZ^moZdZlhbklhjbygZnbehkhnbylZ
gZ^moZdZlhklZgZehklZ\Zg_gZljbZ^ZlZdZlh^bZe_dlbdh-eh]bq_kdZk_ij_fbgZ\Z
dtflZabgZgZklhys_lhgZqh\_dZdZlhnbehkhnkl\Zs\fhf_glZgZgZklhys_lh
³_dabkl_gpbZebkl´gZqh\_dZdZlh^mogZ^moZdZlhklZ\ZshklZ\Zg_gZljbZ^ZlZ
44
fbgZeh-gZklhys_-[t^_s_ gZ bklhjbylZ h[hkgh\ZgZ \ bagZqZegZlZ \j_f_\hkl gZ
Dasein ³<_qghkllZ g_ _ dZlh ihklhyggh-hklZ\Zsh k_]Z b g_ dZlh _^gZ \
[_adjZcghkllZjZa]t\ZsZk_ihj_^ghklhlk_]ZZdZlhlh\Zk_]Zdh_lh\kZfhlhk_[_
kb k_ hlfylZ gZaZ^ dZd\h ^jm]h _ lh\Z Zdh g_ kdjblZlZ ktsghkl gZ \j_f_lh"
;blb_lh\heylZaZ\eZklfbke_ghdZlh\_qghaZ\jtsZg_fbke_ghdZlhgZc-l_`dZlZ
fbktegZnbehkhnbylZagZqb[blb_lhfbke_ghdZlh\j_f_´(Heidegger 1961: I: 28).
GZc-\Z`_g _ ³\tijhktl aZ ³kfbkteZ gZ [blb_lh´ g_ kZfh aZ [blb_lh gZ
kts_kl\m\Zshlhb³kfbkte´_ijblh\Zlhqgh\g_]h\hlhihgylb_h]jZgbq_gdZlh
hgh\Zhldt^_lhbgZhkgh\ZlZgZdh_lh[blb_lhbah[shdZlhlZdh\ZklZ\Zhq_\b^gh
b fh`_ ^Z ^hc^_ \ bklbgZlZ´ (Heidegger 1961: I: 26) Qh\_dtl _ kZfbyl ^mo
om^h`gbdtl ih_ltl K\_ltl _ \ k\h_lh klZ\Zg_ hl qh\_dZ b aZlh\Z _ badmkl\h
klbohl\hj_g_ Ke_^ dZlh ijb O_]_e aZ ³g_sZklghlh ktagZgb_´ ³[h] _ mfjye´ ijb
Gbpr_\_q_ijhklh_³ftjlt\íjbOZc^_]_jlhc\tadjtk\Z\pyeZlZfmnbehkhnby
gZijB]gZlh\b\Daseinb\DMOKYTHLDb\ih_lZb\badmkl\hlhb\t\
\kbqdhhklZgZehKe_^n_ghf_gheh]bylZgZ^moZijbO_]_eij_a[h]Zdhclh\_q__
ftjlt\ ijb Gbpr_ ijb OZc^_]_j k_ ^hklb]Z ^h qh\_dZ dhclh k lh\Z q_ _
ijhlb\hihklZ\_ggZ^moZ\gZmdZlZbl_ogbdZlZgZGh\hlh\j_f_k_hdZa\Z\^moZ
ih_ltlhdZa\Zk_\tiets_gb_lhfm³Qh\_dtldZlh^mog__g_shg_ihkj_^kl\_ghZ
_\ktsghkl\tjgZek_h[jZlgh\k_[_kbÓ_]_e: 70).
III. K \kbqdh lh\Z g_y\gh _ aZ^Z^_gZ b \tafh`ghkllZ aZ kbgl_a dhylh k_
j_ZebabjZ\gZklhysZlZjZ[hlZZbf_ggh
HlO_]_eh\ZlZ]e_^gZlhqdZdtfljbZ^ZlZdZlh^bZe_dlbdh-eh]bq_kdZlh\Z
_ kbgl_aZlZ ^mo b qh\_d klZjrb b feZ^rb iZjlgvhj dhblh kb ktljm^gbqZl dZlh
dhe_]b \ kt-l\hjy\Zg_lh gZ k\_lZ jZamftl b \ bklhjbylZ aZ_^gh k lhab \ qh\_dZ
kta^Z\Zlk\_lZ-dZlh-bklhjbyblhdZlhqh\_rdZbklhjby
Hl OZc^_]_jh\ZlZ ]e_^gZ lhqdZ dtf ljbZ^ZlZ gZ \j_f_lh lh\Z _
hktagZ\Zg_lhgZqh\_dZdZlhDazeitdZlhijbl_`Z\Zshkh[_gZ\j_f_\Zkihkh[ghkl
^hk_]Z [b\ZeZ fm ba\_klgZ kZfh dZlh ijhlb\hihklZ\_gZ gZ g_]h dZlh [h] dZlh
ljZgkp_g^_glghlh gZ qh\_dZ l_ dZlh g_bgl_]jbjZgZ \ g_]h\by Za \ g_]h\ZlZ
ebqghkl ihjZ^b g_h[oh^bfh ij_dZe_gh lykghlh bf h[\tja\Zg_ k fZl_jbZeghlh
lyehghkbl_ebj_kikgZklhys_lh
Hl kh[kl\_gZlZ ]e_^gZ lhqdZ gZ gZklhysZlZ jZ[hlZ dtf ljbZ^ZlZ dZlh
dtf_^bgkl\hlhgZbgnhjfZpbylZl_h[jZam\Zg_lhlh\ZhagZqZ\Zqh\_d^ZgZ\e_a_
b ^Z k_ jZaiheh`b \ ijbktshlh fm fyklh dh_lh lhc ^hklb]Z beb ^h]hg\Z –
[t^_s_lh kZfh ih k_[_ kb Zukunft an sich ^Z ij_h^he__ kh[kl\_gh kb jZa^\h_gb_
f_`^mbklbgZbbadmkl\hjZa^\h_gb_lhkbdZlh[he_klghktklhygb_rbahnj_gbyb
45
lZdZ ^Z ijh]e_^g_ aZ \j_f_lh b ihkl_i_ggh ^Z ]h h\eZ^__ gh aZ_^gh k ^moZ ^Z ]h
gZklb]g_b_^bg^_ggZ^fbg_–dZlhmq_gbdmqbl_eykbdZlhkbgZ[ZsZkb
Qh\_d - \ hibkZgby ih-]hj_ \j_f_\b fh^mk gZ \_qghkllZ - ^Z klZg_ lh\Z
dh_lh_bhllmd\bgZ]b\_q__[be–^mo
Qh\_d^ZklZg_lh\Zdh_lh_b\bgZ]b_[be–>mo
EBL?J:LMJ:
;Z[hkh\?70. L_cyj^bafihiuldZkbgl_aZgZmdbbojbklbZgkl\ZFbgkd<ucr_cbyrdheZ
;Zolbg F Nbehkhnby gZ keh\_kghkllZ L :\lhj b ]_jhc \ _kl_lbq_kdZlZ ^_cghkl K
EBD
;h_pbc Ml_r_gb_lhgZnbehkhnbylZKEx[hft^jb_
;_j]khg :<t\_^_gb_\f_lZnbabdZlZ–<ktsZ\lBglmbpbybbgl_e_dlKEBD-53.
;_j]khg :NbehkhnkdZlZbglmbpby–<ktsZ\lBglmbpbybbgl_e_dlKEBD-78.
;_j]khg :L\hjq_kdZyw\hexpbyFZl_jbybiZfylvFbgkdOZj\_kl
;_j]khg Z <hkihfbgZgb_ gZklhys_]h – < L\hjq_kdZy w\hexpby FZl_jby b iZfylv Fbgkd
OZj\_kl -1049.

;_j]khg : FZl_jbybiZf_lKG;M
;_j]khg : <tjomg_ihkj_^kl\_gbl_^ZggbgZktagZgb_lh<jZpZBD³H^jb´
;_j^y_\ G Kfbktetl gZ bklhjbylZ Hibl aZ nbehkhnby gZ qh\_rdZlZ kt^[Z K ³Ojbklh
;hl_\ ´
;hj G H ihgylbyo ijbqbgghklb b ^hihegbl_evghklb – < kts Z\l Ba[jZggu_ gZmqgu_

ljmû L II KlZlvb
-1961 Fhkd\Z GZmdZ
³ ´
;hj G Nbabq_kdZy gZmdZ b ijh[e_fZ `bagb – < kts Z\l Ba[jZggu_ gZmqgu_ ljmû L II.

KlZlvb -1961 Fhkd\Z GZmdZ

³ ´
;hy^`b_\ P :\]mklbg b ijh[e_ftl aZ \j_f_lh Ieh\^b\

;jZlh_\ = 1970. D\Zglh\Z f_oZgbdZ b ijbqbgghkl K B-\h gZ ;:G

;jh^_e N FZl_jbZegZ pb\bebaZpby bdhghfbdZ b dZiblZebatf XV-XVIII \_d L B]jbl_ gZ

jZafygZlZ K Ijhahj_p
<_jgZ^kdbc < GZmqgZy fukev dZd ieZg_lgh_ y\e_gb_ Fhkd\Z GZmdZ

³ ´
<teqbgh\Z = NjZgkhZ :jlh] b j_`bfbl_ gZ bklhjbqghkl – < Bklhjbq_kdZlZ gZmdZ \

;te]Zjby Ktklhygb_ b i_jki_dlb\b K Bgklblml ih bklhjby gZ ;:G

-133.
=Z^Zf_j O -= BklbgZ b f_lh^ Hkgh\gb q_jlb gZ _^gZ nbehkhnkdZ o_jf_g_\lbdZ Ie_\_g

?:
=_jZkbfh\ B JhkkbckdZy f_glZevghklv b fh^_jgbaZpby – H[s_kl\_ggu_ gZmdb b

kh\j_f_gghklv, 4, 63-73.
=bga[mj]< 1975. L_hj_lbq_kdZynbabdZbZkljhnbabdZ.Fhkd\Z³GZmdZ´
=mj_\bq:Bklhjbq_kdbckbgl_abRdheZ³:ggZeh\´Fhkd\ZBg^jbd
>_evha@N=ZlZjb:glb-?^bidZiblZebatfbrbahnj_gbyKDjblbdZbomfZgbatf
>_jb^Z@2001. AZ]jZfZlheh]bylZKEBD
46
>_jjb^Z @ =hehk dhlhjuc ojZgbl fheqZgb_ – < >_jjb^Z @ =hehk b n_ghf_g b ^jm]b_

jZ[hlu ih l_hjbb agZdZ =mkk_jey KZgdl-I_l_j[mj] :e_l_cy

>x[b @ JZa\blb_ bklhjbq_kdbo bkke_^h\Zgbc \h NjZgpbb ihke_

]h^Z – < H^bkk_c
Q_eh\_d \ bklhjbb Dmevlmjgh-Zgljhiheh]bq_kdZy bklhjby k_]h^gy Fhkd\Z GZmdZ

-59. ³ ´
Abff_ev = Ijh[e_fZ bklhjbq_kdh]h \j_f_gb - < Ba[jZggh_ L Nbehkhnby dmevlmju.

Fhkd\Z Xjbklv -529.
Abgq_gdh < @b\u_ f_lZnhju kfukeZ – <hijhku ikboheh]bb, 5, 100-113.

B\Zgh\Z F J_eb]bhagbyl kbf\he \ ikboheh]bqgZlZ l_hjby gZ DZje = Xg] – Nbehkhnby, 1,

53-60.
B]gZlh\ : :gljhiheh]bq_kdZnbehkhnbygZbklhjbylZAZ_^gZnbehkhnbygZbklhjbylZ\

ihklfh^_jgZlZ_ihoZKNZd_e
K\Bjbg_cEbhgkdbcL\hj_gbyK-I_l_j[mj]BELmah\j_ij
DZgZ\jh\ < Djblbq_kdZlZ f_lZnbabdZ gZ DZgl Hibl aZ \bjlmZebkldb
ljZgkp_g^_glZebatf<Ltjgh\hFaber.
DZglB:gljhiheh]byhlijZ]fZlbqgh]e_^bs_KMB³Debf_glHojb^kdb´
DZglBZDjblbdZgZqbklbyjZamfKB-\hgZ;:G
DZibpZ K K Dmj^xfh\ = FZebg_pdbc Kbg_j]_lbdZ b ijh]ghau [m^ms_]h Fhkd\Z
³GZmdZ ´
EZg^Zm E ? Ebrnbp 1976. KlZlbklbq_kdZy nbabdZ QZkl Fhkd\Z GZmdZ

³ ´
E_hglv_\ > Ikboheh]by kfukeZ Fhkd\Z Kfuke

Ehk_\ : Ijh[e_fZ kbf\heZ b j_Zebklbq_kdh_ bkkdmkl\h Fhkd\Z Bkkdmkl\h

³ ´
F_evqmd B Hiul l_hjbb ebg]\bklbq_kdbo fh^_e_c kfuke – l_dkl Fhkd\Z GZmdZ

³ ´
FZckl_j ?doZjl Ijhih\_^b b ljZdlZlb K MB K\ Debf_gl Hojb^kdb

³ ´
FZjdk D Bdhghfbq_kdh-nbehkhnkdb jtdhibkb hl

]h^bgZ – < D FZjdk N ?g]_ek
Ktqbg_gby L K B-\h gZ ;DI -161.
FZjdk D Ihke_keh\ dtf \lhjhlh ba^Zgb_ [gZ DZiblZetl ] – < kts Z\l DZiblZetl L
³ ´
K IZjlba^Zl

F_j^`Zgh\Z B ?koZlheh]bqgZ Zgljhih^bp_y Qh\_dtl b bklhjbylZ \ kt\j_f_gghlh

IjZ\hkeZ\b_ < Ltjgh\h IjZdkbk
GZebfh\ < <_jhylghklgZy fh^_ev yaudZ Fhkd\Z GZmdZ

³ ´
GZebfh\ < Z KihglZgghklv khagZgby <_jhylghklgZy l_hjby kfukeh\ b kfukeh\Zy

Zjobl_dlhgbdZ ebqghklb Fhkd\Z Ijhf_l_c
GZebfh\ < [ <hafh`gh eb mq_gb_ h q_eh\_d_ \ _^bghc l_hjbb agZgby – < Q_eh\_d \ kbkl_f_
"
gZmd Fhkd\Z GZmdZ -91.

GZebfh\ < <k_e_ggZy kfukeh\ Bgl_j\vx – H[s_kl\_ggu_ gZmdb b kh\j_f_gghklv, 3, 122-

132.
Gbpr_ N :glbojbklKhnbyIe_\_g?\jZaby-:[Z]Zj

Gbpr_ N <_k_eZlZgZmdZKMB³Debf_glHojb^kdb´
Gbpr_ N Ltcj_q_AZjZlmkljZKE_l_jZ
I_gjhma J Gh\byljZamfgZpZjyKMB³Debf_glHojb^kdb´
47
I_gq_\ < ;blb_bgZmdZK³>ZfygYdh\´
I_gq_\ < Hglheh]by gZ d\Zglh\ZlZ bgnhjfZpby – Nbehkhnkdb Zel_jgZlb\b, 2, 110-116.

I_gq_\ < Zukunft an sich. <Zkbe Ijh^Zgh\ b NjZgp ;j_glZgh aZ [t^_s_lh gZ nbehkhnbylZ –
NbehkhnkdbZel_jgZlb\b, 6, .
I_gq_\ < Z Nbehkhnkdh h[hkgh\Z\Zg_ gZ l_fihjZebklbdZlZ gZmdZ aZ \j_f_lh – Nbehkhnby,

4, 41-48.
Ihitj D Dgb]b b fbkeb itj\ZlZ im[ebdZpby \ ?\jhiZ – < kts Z\l < ltjk_g_ gZ ih-

^h[tj k\yl. K DZetk Dhkfhihebl

-121.

Ihitj D ;_e_`db gZ _^bg j_Zebkl \tjom ijh[e_fZ lyeh-^mo - < kts Z\l P_ebyl `b\hl _

j_rZ\Zg_ gZ ijh[e_fb K DZetk Dhkfhihebl -51.

Jbdvhj I @b\ZlZ f_lZnhjZ K EBD

Julh\ K 1976. <\_^_gb_ \ klZlblbklbq_kdZy jZ^bhnbabdZ QZkl Fhkd\Z GZmdZ .

³ ´
KZjltj @ -I ;blb_ b gbsh Hibl aZ n_ghf_gheh]bqgZ hglheh]by L

K GZmdZ b
³
badmkl\h ´
KZjltj @ -I ;blb_ b gbsh Hibl aZ n_ghf_gheh]bqgZ hglheh]by L

K GZmdZ b
³
badmkl\h ´
Klh_\ O 2005. DZgl b ijh[e_ftl aZ \tlj_rghlh k_lb\h K Balhd-AZiZ^

Kljb]Zq_\ : GZ ]jZgbpZlZ gZ gZmdZlZ – ijh[e_fb b ktfg_gby K Bgl_]jZe =

L_cyj ^_ RZj^_g I
N_ghf_g q_eh\_dZ Fhkd\Z :KL

Lbeebo I DZcjhk – < Ba[jZggh_ L_heh]by dmevlmju Fhkd\Z Xjbkl -235.

LhfZ hl :d\bgh
KmfZ gZ l_heh]bylZ QZkl I. K Balhd-AZiZ^

Nbol_ C Hibl aZ gh\h baeh`_gb_ gZ gZmdhmq_gb_lh K EBD

Njhf ? S_ [t^_l_ dZlh [h]h\_ K AZoZjbc Klhygh\

NmdmyfZ N DjZyl gZ bklhjbylZ b ihke_^gbyl qh\_d K H[kb^bZg

OZc^_]_j F AZ omfZgbafZ – < kts Z\l Ktsghklb K =:E-BDH -178.

³ ´
OZc^_]_j F DjZyl gZ nbehkhnbylZ b aZ^ZqZlZ gZ fbke_g_lh – < kts Z\l Ktsghklb K

=:E-BDH -214.
OZc^_]_j F Itl \ ihe_lh – < kts Z\l Ktsghklb K =:E-BDH -214.

OZc^_]_j F Sh _ f_lZnbabdZ – kts Z\l Ktsghklb K =:E-BDH -29.

"
OZc^_]_j F Bgl_j\x ij_^ “Der Spiegel”) <_q_ kZfh ;h] fh`_ ^Z gb kiZkb – IZghjZfZ, 1,

192-203.
OZc^_]_j F AZ ktsghkllZ gZ ihgylb_lh
IXYVL. :jbklhl_e NbabdZ < – Nbehkhnkdb
nhjmf, 4, 23-64.
OZc^_]_j F ³ <taihf_gZgb_ – Nbehkhnkdb nhjmf, 3, 89-142. ´
OZc^_]_j F Eh]hk – Nbehkhnkdb Zel_jgZlb\b, 2, 3-14.

OZc^_]_j F >mfbl_ gZ Gbpr_ ;h] _ ftjlt\ – Nbehkhnkdb Zel_jgZlb\b

³ ´ -4, 3-33.
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O_]_e = < N
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O_]_e = < N
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O_]_e = < N
GZmdZlZ eh]bdZ L H[_dlb\gZlZ eh]bdZ K ?\jhiZ
³ ´
48
Omk_je ? NbehkhnbylZdZlhkljh]ZgZmdZKBD³K\B\ZgJbekdb´
R_gghg D 1963. JZ[hlu ih l_hjbb bgnhjfZpbb b db[_jg_lbdZ. Fhkd\Z ³BghkljZggZy
ebl_jZlmjZ ´
Wirl_cg F Nbehkhnby\hafh`gh]hKZgdl-I_l_j[mj]:e_l_cy
Xg] D -=
?hgBake_^\Zgby\tjomkbf\hebdZlZgZpyehklgZlZebqghklIe_\_g?:
Xg] D -=
Kt\j_f_ggbylqh\_d\ltjk_g_gZ^mrZlZIe_\_g?:
Xg] D -=
Ikboheh]bq_kdblbih\_KMB³K\Debf_glHojb^kdb´
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ijhkljZgkl\h – DjblbdZbomfZgbatf, 9 (2000/2), 162-171.

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