DZd\hih-om[Z\h B^_glbqghklblhe_jZglghkl1

<ZkbeI_gq_\

Dgb]ZlZ gZ Fxfxg LZobj ³B^_glbqghkl b lhe_jZglghkl

Nbehkhnkdb b ijZdlbq_kdb \tijhk gZ dmelmjgZlZ bgl_]jZpby´ _ k
h[_fhlkljZgbpbdZlh\dexq\Zj_axf_gZ[te]ZjkdbZg]ebckdb
b lmjkdb _abd b bf_ggh-ij_^f_l_g ihdZaZe_p b ebl_jZlmjgb
balhqgbpbgZ[jhy\ZsbgZ^aZ]eZ\by
Dgb]ZlZ k_ ktklhb hl <t\_^_gb_ ³B^_glbqghkllZ b dmelmjgZlZ
bgl_]jZpby \ mkeh\bylZ gZ ^h]hg\Zshlh jZa\blb_´ b ^\Z jZa^_eZ
Itj\byl jZa^_e ³Ktsghkl b f_oZgbafb gZ dmelmjgZlZ bgl_]jZpby´
h[o\ZsZ l_fbl_ ijh[e_ftl aZ ljZ^bpbhgZebafZ \ dmelmjZlZ
fmelbdmelmjZebaftl dZlh dhgp_ipby b jZa\blb_ dmelmjZ b
^_fhdjZpby dmelmjZ bgl_]jZpby lhe_jZglghkl k\h[h^Z b
kb]mjghkl ijZdlbq_kdbl_ f_oZgbafb gZ dmelmjgZlZ bgl_]jZpby
dmelmjgbyl lmjbatf dZlh \tafh`ghkl aZ ij_^klZ\yg_ gZ
_lghdmelmjghlh gZke_^kl\h jheylZ gZ f_^bbl_ aZ bgl_]jZpbylZ gZ
_lgbq_kdbl_ h[sghklb \ ]jZ`^Zgkdhlh h[s_kl\h Z \lhjbyl
³Lhihktl gZ b^_glbqghkllZ´ kthl\_lgh ki_pbnbqghlh kt^tj`Zgb_
gZ bklhjbq_kdhlh ktagZgb_ gm`gZlZ gh\Z gZpbhgZegZ ikboheh]by
hilbfbklbqgZ gZpbhgZegZ _lbdZ pb\bebaZpbhg_g k[etktd j_eb]by
l_jhjbatf
Hjb]bgZegbyl aZfbkte gZ dgb]ZlZ _ ^Z k_ h[_^bgyl
nbehkhnkdbl_ b ijZdlbq_kdb \tijhkb gZ dmelmjgZlZ bgl_]jZpby
hdZaZeb k_ ij_^b lh\Z _kl_kl\_gh k\tjaZgb \ `blb_-[blb_lh b
ebqghkllZ gZ Z\lhjZ Fxfxg LZobj – aZ\_`^Zs k_dlhj ³DmelmjgZ
bgl_]jZpby´ \ Fbgbkl_jkl\hlh gZ dmelmjZlZ hl _^gZ kljZgZ b
1
FxfxgLZobjB^_gblqghklblhe_jZglghklK:B³IjhnFZjbg>jbgh\´
k

1
^hdlhjZgl ih l_fZlZ ³DmelmjgZ bgl_]jZpby´ dtf BgklblmlZ aZ
nbehkhnkdb bake_^\Zgby k_dpby ³Nbehkhnby gZ bklhjbylZ´ hl
^jm]Z Bay\y\Z k_ ijhp_ktl gZ nbehkhnkdZ kZfhj_ne_dkby gZ
gZljmiZgby ijZdlbq_kdb hibl gZ ltjk_gbl_ b g_ \bgZ]b gZfbjZgb
j_r_gby\lZablhedh\Zljm^gZb\Z`gZh[eZklgZf_`^m_lgbq_kdbl_
hlghr_gby babkd\ZsZ ^te[hdZ `bl_ckdZ ft^jhkl b lZdl b \ dhylh
mgb\_jkZeghkllZ gZ nbehkhnbylZ k_ ihklZ\y gZ baiblZgb_ hl
\ajb\hhiZkgZlZfgh]hebdhklgZijh[e_fbl_
Hk\_glh\Z Z\lhjtl_ml\tj^_g[_e_ljbklbkp_gZjbklqe_ggZ
KtxaZ gZ [te]Zjkdbl_ ibkZl_eb k ba^Z^_gb gZ^  om^h`_kl\_gb
dgb]b \ dhblh _^gZ hl hkgh\gbl_ l_fb _ ³@b\hltl aZ_^gh´ Lh\Z
h[ykgy\Z aZsh l_dkltl gZ gZklhysZlZ dgb]Z – aZ jZaebdZ hl fgh]h
^jm]b  nbehkhnkdb dgb]b dZd\Zlh [_a \kydZd\h ktfg_gb_ _ b
gZklhysZlZ–k_q_l_km^h\hekl\b_FLZobj_bjh^ègbrdhem\Zg
jZadZa\Zq
Kj_^hkgh\gbl_l_abaZsblZ\Zgb\dgb]ZlZkZ
- DmelmjgZlZ bgl_]jZpby gZ fZepbgkl\ZlZ ljy[\Z ^Z k_
jZa]e_`^Z\dhgl_dklZb\kbkl_fZlZhlijhp_kbgZbgl_]jZpbylZgZ
[te]ZjkdbygZjh^gZpbyb^tj`Z\Z\?\jhi_ckdbyktxa
- < ;te]Zjby ³j_eb]bylZ dZdlh b _lgbq_kdZlZ
ijbgZ^e_`ghkl g_ kZ nZdlhjbl_ dhblh hij_^_eyl qh\_rdbl_
hlghr_gby B ohjZlZ k j_eb]bhagh b ohjZlZ k g_j_eb]bhagh
ktagZgb_ ijhy\y\Zl \bkhdZ kl_i_g gZ lhe_jZglghkl dtf ³^jm]by´
³dtf ^jm]ZlZ h[sghkl´ dtf ³^jm]ZlZ j_eb]by´  < kt\j_f_gghlh
[te]Zjkdh h[s_kl\h k_ aZiZa\Z ljZ^bpbhggbyl fh^_e gZ
^h[jhktk_^kl\h \aZbfgZ ltjibfhkl b lhe_jZglghkl f_`^m
hkgh\gbl_ bklhjbq_kdb ml\tj^beb k_ _lgbq_kdb b j_eb]bhagb
h[sghklb\;te]Zjby.”
- DmelmjgZlZ bgl_]jZpby k_ hkgh\Z\Z gZ lhe_jZglghkllZ
DhgklblmbjZg_lh gZ _lgbq_kdZlZ lhe_jZglghkl g_ _ \tafh`gh gZ

2
hkgh\ZlZ gZ ijbgm^Z b gZkbeb_ gZ hkgh\ZlZ gZ ]hkih^kl\h b
ih^qbg_gb_ aZshlh f_`^m_lgbq_kdbl_ hlghr_gby dZdlh b
f_`^mdmelmjgbl_ hlghr_gby g_ kZ \eZklh\b hlghr_gby Z ij_^b
\kbqdh bgl_jkm[_dlb\gb ijb dhblh ³^jm]ZlZ´ kljZgZ g_ fh`_ ^Z k_
jZa]e_`^ZdZlhh[_dlbbgkljmf_gl
-DmelmjgZlZbgl_]jZpby_ijhp_kgZ\aZbfh^_ckl\b_b\aZbfgh
ijhgbd\Zg_ gZ gZpbhgZegZlZ dmelmjZ b _lghdmelmjbl_ \ gZrZlZ
kljZgZ Lhab ijhp_k _ gZkhq_g g_ kZfh dtf _^gZ beb ^jm]Z qZkl hl
gZk_e_gb_lh Z h[o\ZsZ pyeZlZ gZpby  DmelmjZlZ gZ _lgbq_kdbl_
h[sghklb_g_^_ebfZqZklhl[te]ZjkdZlZgZpbhgZegZdmelmjZ
- Ijhp_ktl gZ dmelmjgZ bgl_]jZpby ^h\_`^Z ^h \aZbfgh
hihagZ\Zg_ \taijb_fZg_ b h[h]Zly\Zg_ gZ ohjZlZ g_aZ\bkbfh hl
lyogZlZ _lgbq_kdZ b j_eb]bhagZ ijbgZ^e_`ghkl ^h ba]jZ`^Zg_ gZ
dmelmjgZ b ^moh\gZ kj_^Z \ dhylh \k_db ijbktkl\Z ktk k\hylZ
b^_glbqghkl
- Dmelmjghlh gZke_^kl\h _ [_amkeh\gh hkgh\_g nZdlhj aZ
kiehly\Zg_gZgZpbylZ;te]ZjkdhlhdmelmjghgZke_^kl\h\dexq\Z
kta^Z^_ghlh hl \kbqdb _lgbq_kdb h[sghkl `b\_eb b `b\__sb \
gZrZlZkljZgZ
- IheblbdZlZ gZ bgl_]jZpby ljy[\Z ^Z [t^_ dhfie_dkgZ GZc-
gZij_^ ly ljy[\Z ^Z h[o\ZsZ \kbqdb hkgh\gb kn_jb gZ `b\hlZ
\kbqdbgb\ZbkljmdlmjbgZkhpbZeghlhmijZ\e_gb_Hl^jm]ZkljZgZ
\ gbdZdt\ kemqZc g_ fh`_ b g_ [b\Z ^Z k_ hlgZky kZfh ^h _^gZ beb
^jm]Z qZkl hl gZk_e_gb_lh Ly ljy[\Z ^Z h[o\Zg_ pyeZlZ [te]ZjkdZ
gZpby GZ fZepbgkl\ZlZ ke_^\Z ^Z k_ hkb]mjb ]ZjZgpby q_
ijh\_`^ZgZlZ bgl_]jZpbhggZ iheblbdZ [ZeZgkbjZgh s_ ktq_lZ\Z
ijbgpbibl_ gZ bgl_]jZpbylZ bf \ fZdjh-h[s_kl\hlh k ijbgpbibl_
gZ ktojZgy\Zg_ gZ _lghdmelmjgZlZ bf b^_glbqghkl Kj_^
fghabgkl\hlh itd ljy[\Z ^Z k_ ml\tj`^Z\Z jZa[bjZg_lh q_

3
Zdlb\ghlh mqZklb_ gZ fZepbgkl\ZlZ \t\ \kbqdb kn_jb g `b\hlZ
]ZjZglbjZih-iteghp_g_gbih-kb]mj_g`b\hl
- Hkgh\gb ijbgpbib gZ dmelmjgZlZ bgl_]jZpby kZ
jZ\ghihklZ\_ghkljZ\gZlZp_gghkljZ\ghlh^hklhcgkl\hgZ\kbqdb
dmelmjb jZa\blb_lh gZ dmelmjZlZ gZ fZepbgkl\ZlZ _ gZkhq_gh dtf
ktojZgy\Zg_ gZ Z\l_glbqghkllZ b jZa\blb_ gZ ijhn_kbhgZebafZ b
dtf h[h]Zly\Zg_lh gZ gZpbhgZegZlZ dmelmjZ lhe_jZglghkl dtf
jZaebqbylZ b lyoghlh aZqblZg_ dh_lh ^Z iha\hey\Z jZarbjy\Zg_ gZ
^bZeh]Z f_`^m dmelmjbl_ bgl_]jZpby dhylh ]ZjZglbjZ
ktojZgy\Zg_lh gZ kh[kl\_gZlZ dmelmjgZ b^_glbqghkl aZsblZ gZ
ki_pbnbqgbl_dmelmjgbijZ\Zbhkb]mjy\Zg_gZjZ\gb\tafh`ghklb
b ijbeZ]Zg_ gZ _^gZd\b djbl_jbb ijb hp_gdZ gZ dmelmjZlZ b
k\tjaZgbl_ k g_y ijh^mdlb ihklhyggh mdj_i\Zg_ gZ _^bgkl\hlh gZ
fgh]hh[jZab_lh ij_\jtsZg_ gZ dmelmjghlh fgh]hh[jZab_ \
balhqgbd b nZdlhj aZ \aZbfghlh hihagZ\Zg_ b ^moh\gh jZa\blb_ gZ
ij_^klZ\bl_ebl_ gZ jZaebqgbl_ _lgbq_kdb h[sghklb b kta^Z\Zg_
Zlfhkn_jZgZ\aZbfgZlhe_jZglghklbm\Z`_gb_
Ki_pbnbqgZ hkh[_ghkl gZ dgb]ZlZ _ q_ l_ab b ^jm]b b^_b  -
jZa[bjZk_\lZdh\Z[_]ehij_^klZ\yg_g_fh]Zl^Zk_ba[jhyl\kbqdb
– ltedm\Zl b k_ ltedm\Zl kihglZggh qj_a hiblZ b ijZdlbq_kdbl_
agZgby gZ Z\lhjZ ih hkts_kl\y\Zg_ gZ iheblbdZlZ gZ dmelmjgZ
bgl_]jZpbygZfZepbgkl\ZlZ\;te]Zjby
<kydZ jZ[hlZ gZ \k_db qh\_d ij_^iheZ]Z b k_ ij_^iheZ]Z hl
gydZd\Z hlg_k_ghkl dtf h[shlh dtf h[s_kl\hlh Gh aZsh ltdfh
jZ[hlZlZ gZ _^bg ^tj`Z\_g qbgh\gbd \ h[eZkllZ gZ dmelmjgZlZ
bgl_]jZpby babkd\Z b  gZ k\hc j_^ kZfZ ij_^klZ\ey\Z nbehkhnkdZ
kZfhj_ne_dkby _ kj_^ hij_^_eyshlh³g_dZaZgh´ gh bglmblb\gh
qm\kl\Zghlhbfhlb\bjZshlhgZdgb]ZlZg_dZaZghlhdZlh^te[hdby
nhggZqbylhhkgh\Zfh`_^Zk_hldjhbkfbktetlbki_pbnbqgZlZc
p_gghkl

4
 <tij_dbh[_dlb\gh-gZmqgbyklbebkt^tj`Zgb_gZdgb]ZlZly
_ihkts_kl\hlhkbbqh\_rdb^hdmf_glnbehkhnkdbl_f_fhZjb
gZ_^bgjZakt`^Z\Zsbhkfbkeysqh\_dgZibkZgbbhklZ\_gbaZ
ihmdZgZihdhe_gbylZ.
< jZajZ[hl\Zgbl_ l_fb _ hl^_e_gh kts_kl\_gh fyklh gZ
bklhjbylZgZdmelmjgZlZiheblbdZgZ[te]Zjkdbl_ijZ\bl_ekl\Zdtf
_lgbq_kdbl_h[sghklbhlHk\h[h`^_gb_lh^h^g_kgZki_pbnbqghlh
kt^tj`Zgb_gZbklhjbq_kdhlhktagZgb_Hkgh\_gba\h^_
³HiZkgh y\e_gb_ _ g_ijZ\hf_jghlh baihea\Zg_ gZ fbgZehlh aZ
Zj]mf_gl kj_sm [t^_s_lh <f_klh aZ balhqgbd gZ ihmdb b ft^jhkl
fbgZehlhgZgZpbylZihgydh]Zkem`bdZlhhkgh\Zgb_aZh[jm]Z\Zg_b
^bkdj_^blbjZg_ GZ[ex^Z\Z k_ lhlZegh hljbqZg_ gZ fbgZehlh \k_
_^gh bklhjbylZ gZ gZrZlZ kljZgZ aZihq\Z hlgh\h b hlgh\h AZ[jZ\y
k_ _e_f_glZjghlh ijZ\beh q_ ^_fhdjZpbylZ ij_^iheZ]Z
lhe_jZglghkl klj_f_` dtf dhgk_gkmk – gZpbhgZe_g ]jZ`^Zgkdb
iheblbq_kdbblg´
JZa]e_`^Zl k_ ktsh lZdZ gydhb hl f_oZgbafbl_ aZ
ml\tj`^Z\Zg_ gZ dmelmjgZ bgl_]jZpby ebl_jZlmjgb kj_sb
n_klb\Zeb k_fbgZjb baeh`[b dmelmjgbyl lmjbatf b
\tafh`ghklbl_ aZ ij_^klZ\yg_ gZ _lghdmelmjgh gZke_^kl\h jheylZ
gZ f_^bbl_ aZ bgl_]jZpby gZ _lgbq_kdbl_ h[sghklb \ ]jZ`^Zgkdhlh
h[s_kl\h _lgh^_fh]jZnkdbyl ktklZ\ b ijbagZpb k dhblh k_
oZjZdl_jbabjZ gZk_e_gb_lh gZ ;te]Zjby ljZ^bpbhgZebaftl \
dmelmjZlZ\ta]e_^bl_gZFZjdma_b:^hjghaZdmelmjZlZp_ebl_gZ
gZpbhgZegZlZdmelmjgZiheblbdZ\lZab\jtadZijbgpbibl_p_ebl_
b aZ^Zqbl_ gZ dmelmjgZlZ bgl_]jZpby fmelbdmelmjZebaftl b
g_]h\bl_badmr_gbyZkbf_ljbqgbyln_^_jZebatf
Fh]Zl ^Z k_ ihkhqZl b gydhb gZkhdb aZ _^gh [t^_sh
h[h]Zly\Zg_ gZ dgb]ZlZ ih`_eZ\Zcdb c kdhjhrgh \lhjh ba^Zgb_
³ihjZ^bbaq_ji\Zg_´

5
 1 ;boZ fh]eb ih-rbjhdh ^Z k_ aZkltiyl balhqgbpb gZ qm`^b
_abpb
 ;b [beh \ iexk \ ih-]heyfZ kl_i_g ^Z k_ baykgb jheylZ
p_ebl_ b nZdlbq_kdhlh iheh`_gb_ gZ ^_cghkllZ gZ
g_ijZ\bl_ekl\_gbl_ hj]ZgbaZpbb hkh[_gh gZ fZepbgkl\ZlZ dZdlh b
gZ _lgbq_kdhlh fghabgkl\h aZ dmelmjgZlZ bgl_]jZpby b lyoghlh
\aZbfh^_ckl\b_kijZ\bl_ekl\_gbl_
3. KZfh [b h[h]Zlbeh jZ[hlZlZ _^gh h[kt`^Zg_ gZ
dhhj^bgZpbylZgZ^_cghkllZihdmelmjgZbgl_]jZpbyk^tj`Z\bl_\
dhblh _lgbq_kdh fghabgkl\h kZ hl^_egbl_ fZepbgkl\Z \ ;te]Zjby
hkh[_ghgZnhgZgZgZklhyshbeb[t^_shqe_gkl\hgZl_ab^tj`Z\b
\?\jhi_ckdbyktxa.
4 HklZ\Z \tijhktl hkts_kl\y\Z eb k_ gydZd\h dmelmjgh
\aZbfh^_ckl\b_ f_`^m _lgbq_kdbl_ fZepbgkl\Z lZdZ dZdlh k
fghabgkl\hlh
 DZd\Z _ iheblbdZlZ gZ ^jm]b kljZgb qe_gdb gZ ?\jhi_ckdby
ktxaaZdmelmjgZbgl_]jZpbyhkh[_ghgZ;ZedZgkdbl_"
< aZdexq_gb_ ljy[\Z ^Z k_ baltdg_ q_ dgb]ZlZ ktq_lZ\Z
dZq_kl\ZlZgZk_jbhaghgZmqghbake_^\Zg_bZ\l_glbq_g^hdmf_glgZ
gZr_lh \j_f_ \ _^gZ h[eZkl hl `bag_gh \Z`gh agZq_gb_ aZ
jZa\blb_lh gZ [te]ZjkdZlZ gZpby b ^tj`Z\Z \ jZfdbl_ gZ
?\jhi_ckdZlZbgl_]jZpby