Spirit Bulgarian Culture

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The Spirit of the Bulgarian Culture


Vasil Penchev, Assoc. Prof., PhD,
Institute for Philosophical Research of
The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Abstract: We suppose the spirit of culture, inclusive the Bulgarian


culture, as an active, resuming code of behavior, founding as well
without his permanent presence in an own image as a material body to
be needed ahead. Just for he is a spirit, he happens by chance,
sometimes, here and there, “passim”, and he possesses fundamental
historical meaning as he renders the beginning, launches any (inclusive
Bulgarian) culture, and he also transmits and finishes it.

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