Anthrop Preschool Adoles

FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LUZON
VISAYAS
MINDANAO
Objectives:
FNRI
To assess the nutritional status of 0-10 year-old children, 11-19 yearolds, pregnant and lactating women, and other adults 20 years and over using anthropometric indicators of growth To compare results from previous surveys
METHODOLOGY
Height and weight measurements
FNRI
Measurement of standing height using microtoise and recumbent length (<2 years) using infantometer
Measurement of weight using Detecto weighing scale
FNRI
Cut-off points used in classifying the nutritional status of children, 0-10 years old, based on NCHS/WHO International Reference Standards
Classification
Weight-for-Age/ Height-for-Age/ Weight-for-Height
Cut-off Point
Underweight / Short / Thin Average / Normal Overweight / Tall
<-2SD -2SD to +2SD >+2SD
FNRI
Children, 0 to 5 Years Old
Percentage distribution of children, 0-5 years old, by nutritional status classification using NCHS/WHO IRS: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
2.0
1.1
2.8
71.8
71.0
90.8
26.2
Wt-for-Age
27.9 6.1
Ht-for-Age
Normal
Wt-for-Ht
Overweight/ Tall
Underweight/ Underheight/ Thin
Estimated number of malnourished 05 year-old children based on NCHS/WHO IRS
FNRI
Nutritional Status Underweight Underheight Thinness Overweight
Prevalence % 26.2 27.9 6.1 2.0
Estimated No. (in million)* 3.35 3.57 0.78 0.26
*Using NSO 2008 Projected Population based on 2000 Census
Percentage of underweight-for-age children, 0-5 years old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
30.3
31.3 28.4 26.4 28.1
12.4
0yr.
1yr.
2yrs.
3yrs.
4yrs.
5yrs.
Percentage of underheight-for-age children, 0-5 years old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
34.2 27.5 24.4
35.7
34.8
8.6
0yr.
1yr.
2yrs.
3yrs.
4yrs.
5yrs.
Percentage of underweight-for-height children, 0-5 years old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
30
25
20
15
14.0
10
6.7
5.4
4.1
3.7
3.7
0yr.
1yr.
2yrs.
3yrs.
4yrs.
5yrs.
Percentage of underweight, underheight, and thin children, 0-5 years old, by singleage group: Philippines, 2008
40
FNRI
35 30 25 FOOD AND NUTRITION 20 RESEARCH INSTITUTE 15
35
34.2 27.5 24.4
35.7
34.8
30.3
31.3 28.4 26.4 28.1
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
8.6
12.4
DEPARTMENT 10 OF SCIENCE AND 5 TECHNOLOGY

0
30
0yr.
1yr.
2yrs.
3yrs.
4yrs.
5yrs.
Underheight-for-age
2yrs. 3yrs. 4yrs. 5yrs.
25
0yr.
1yr.
Underweight-for-age
20 15
14.0
10
6.7
Underweight-for-height
5.4
4.1
3.7
3.7
0yr.
1yr.
2yrs.
3yrs.
4yrs.
5yrs.
WAZ distribution curves among children, 0-5 years old, using NCHS/WHO IRS: Philippines, 2005 and 2008
FNRI
Normal curve 2005 2008
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
HAZ distribution curves among children, 0-5 years old, using NCHS/WHO IRS: Philippines, 2005 and 2008
FNRI
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
WHZ distribution curves among children, 0-5 years old, using NCHS/WHO IRS: Philippines, 2005 and 2008
FNRI
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, 0-5 years old, using NCHS/WHO IRS: 1990-2008
45 40 FNRI
39.9 36.8 34.3 34.0 29.9 30.8 32.0 30.6 26.9 24.6 26.2 34.5 34.0 31.4 29.9 26.3 27.9
35
% prevalence
FOOD AND 34.5 NUTRITION 30 RESEARCH INSTITUTE 25 DEPARTMENT 20 OF SCIENCE AND 15 TECHNOLOGY
10 5
5.0 0.6
6.6 0.7
6.7 0.4
5.2 0.5
6.0 0.4
6.3 1.0
5.3 1.4
4.8 2.0
6.1 2.0
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 underheight underweight thinness overweight
Present trend and challenges ahead in the reduction of the prevalence of underweight-for-age among 0-5 year-old children using NCHS/WHO IRS
40 34.5% FNRI 34.0%
FOOD AND 30 NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE
30.8%
32.0%
30.6% 26.9% 26.2% 24.6% 17.2% -1.29%
29.9%
20
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10
MDG
90
91
95
92
93
96
97
01
98
02
03
07
94
99
04
06
08
09
13
00
10
05
12
14
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
11
20
20
20
20
20
20
15
Prevalence of underweight children, 0-5 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
Philippines: 26.2
Region
Prevalence of underheight children, 0-5 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
Philippines: 27.9
Region
Prevalence of thin children, 0-5 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
Philippines: 6.1
Region
FNRI
Classification of worldwide prevalence ranges of low weight-for-age and low height-for-age among children, 0-5 year-old (WHO, 1995)
Low weightfor-age (Underweight) <10 10 19 20 29 >30 Low heightfor-age (Underheight/ Stunting) <20 20 29 30 39 >40
PREVALENCE GROUP Low Medium High Very High
Magnitude of underweight children, 0-5 yearold, by province: FNRI Philippines, 2008

FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE Phil. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Ave.: 26.2
No.
1 11 38 28
%
1.3 14.1 48.7 35.9
Magnitude of underheight children, 0-5 yearold, by province: FNRI Philippines, 2008

FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE Phil. DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Ave.: 27.9
No.
11 21 38 8
%
14.1 26.9 48.7 10.3
FNRI
Children, 6 to 10 Years Old
Percentage distribution of children, 6-10 years old, by nutritional status classification using NCHS/WHO IRS: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
1.6 72.8
0.4 66.5
25.6
Weight-for-Age
33.1
Height-for-Age
Normal Overweight/ Tall
Underweight/ Underheight
FNRI
Estimated number of malnourished 6-10 year-old children based on NCHS/WHO IRS: Philippines, 2008
Nutritional Status Underweight Underheight Overweight Prevalence % 25.6 33.1 1.6 Estimated No. (in million)* 2.58 3.34 0.16
*Using NSO 2008 Projected Population based on 2000 Census
Percentage of underweight-for-age children, 6-10 year-old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
35
29.2
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
27.6 25.3 22.4 23.6
6yrs.
7yrs.
8yrs.
9yrs.
10yrs.
Percentage of underheight-for-age children, 6-10 year-old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
34.1
33.8
32.6
33.8 31.0
6yrs.
7yrs.
8yrs.
9yrs.
10yrs.
Percentage of overweight-for-age children, 6-10 year-old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
1.7
2
1.9
1.8
1.4
1.2
6yrs.
7yrs.
8yrs.
9yrs.
10yrs.
Percentage of underweight, underheight and overweight children, 6-10 year-old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008
40
FNRI
30
29.2
35
34.1
33.8
32.6
33.8 31.0
27.6 25.3 22.4 23.6

30 25 20 15 10 5
25
FOOD AND 20 NUTRITION RESEARCH 15 INSTITUTE

10 DEPARTMENT OF 5 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 0
8
6yrs.
7yrs.
8yrs.
9yrs.
10yrs.
Underheight-for-age
7yrs. 8yrs. 9yrs. 10yrs.
6
6yrs.
Underweight-for-age
1.7
1.9
1.8 1.4 1.2
Overweight-for-age
0
6yrs.
7yrs.
8yrs.
9yrs.
10yrs.
WAZ distribution curves among children, 6-10 years old, using NCHS/WHO IRS: Philippines, 2005 and 2008
FNRI
2005 2008
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
HAZ distribution curves among children, 0-5 years old, using NCHS/WHO IRS: Philippines, 2005 and 2008
FNRI
2005 2008
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, 6-10 years old, using NCHS/WHO IRS: 1990-2008
FNRI
44.8
50 45 40
42.8
42.2 39.1
40.8
41.1 35.8 33.1
% p re v a le n e
FOOD AND 35 NUTRITION RESEARCH 30 34.2 INSTITUTE
32.5
30.5
25 DEPARTMENT OF 20 SCIENCE AND 15 TECHNOLOGY 10 5 0.1 0
28.3
30.2
32.9 25.6
32.0 25.6 22.8
0.2
0.6
0.4
0.8
1.3
1.6
1.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
underheight
underweight
overweight
Present trend and challenges ahead in the reduction of the prevalence of underweight-for-age among 6-10 year-old children using NCHS/WHO IRS N
34.2% FNRI 30.2%
FOOD AND 30 NUTRITION32.5% RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT 20 OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
40
32.9% 25.6% 28.3% 22.8% 17.1% -1.21% 25.6%
30.5%
10
MDG
19 90 19 91 19 9 19 2 93 19 9 19 4 95 19 96 19 9 19 7 98 19 9 20 9 00 20 01 20 0 20 2 03 20 04 20 0 20 5 06 20 0 20 7 08 20 09 20 1 20 0 11 20 1 20 2 13 20 14 20 15
Prevalence of underweight children, 6-10 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008

40 35 FNRI 30
% Prevalence
FOOD AND NUTRITION 25 RESEARCH INSTITUTE
33.0 34.0 32.2 24.7
31.6 30.6 27.2 26.2 27.8 25.6 26.9
23.6 19.2 18.1 14.5 20.0
23.9
20
DEPARTMENT 15 OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10
Philippines: 25.6
5 0
Region
Prevalence of underheight children, 6-10 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008

50 44.7 42.7 45 40.8 39.2 40.4 FNRI 40.1 38.1 37.8 36.9 38.1 40 35.1 FOOD AND 35 29.4 NUTRITION 28.4 27.6 26.9 30 RESEARCH 23.1 23.0 INSTITUTE 25 Philippines: 33.1 DEPARTMENT 20 OF 15 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10 5 0
% Prevalence
Region
Magnitude of underweight children, 6-10 yearold, by province: FNRI Philippines, 2008

FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH Phil. INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Ave.: 25.6
No.
3 14 35 26
%
3.8 17.9 44.9 33.3
Magnitude of underheight children, 6-10 yearold, by province: FNRI Philippines, 2008

FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH Phil. INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Ave.: 33.1
No.
4 18 31 25
%
5.1 23.1 39.7 32.1
FNRI
Pre-adolescents / Adolescents, 11 to 19 Years Old
FNRI
Cut-off points used in classifying the nutritional status of adolescents, 11-19 years old based on BMI-for-age (Must, et.al) Classification
Underweight Mild Normal Overweight
Cut-off Point
<P5 P5 to <P15 P15 to P85 >P85
Percentage distribution of adolescents, 11-19 years old, by nutritional status classification using BMI-for-age: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
4.8 52.5
4.4
4.6 60.3
69.0 21.1 21.7

Male
Underweight Mild
14.8 11.7
Female
Normal
18.1 17.0
Both
Overweight
Comparison in the prevalence of underweight among 11-19 years old by gender: Philippines, 2005 & 2008
FNRI
%Prevalence
25 20 15 10 5 0
20.5
21.7 16.0 17.0 11.1 11.7
Male
Female 2005 2008
Both
Comparison in the prevalence of overweight among 11-19 years old by gender: Philippines, 2005 & 2008
FNRI
%Prevalence
10 8 6 4 2 0 Male Female
2005 2008
4.9 4.8
4.8 4.4
4.8 4.6
Both
Prevalence of underweight adolescents, 11-19 years old by region: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
Philippines: 17.0
Region
FNRI
Adults, 20 years old and above
FNRI
Cut-off points used in classifying the nutritional status of adults, 20 years old and above, based on BMI WHO Classification
Chronic Energy Deficient Normal Overweight Obese
Cut-off Point
<18.5 18.5 to <25.0 25.0 to 30.0 >30
Percent distribution of adults, 20 years old and over, by age group and BMI classification: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
2.9 13.1
6.1 24.4
6.8 26.3
6.3 24.8
4.6 20.1
2.4 14.4
70.3 62.3 13.7

20-29y
56.2 57.5 59.7 7.2

40-49y
Normal
57.5 11.5
50-59y
Overweight
7.2
30-39y
CED
17.7
60-69y
Obese
27.0
>70y
Comparison in the prevalence of CED and overweight among adults, 20 years & over: Philippines, 2003 & 2008
FNRI
FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE
40 % prevalence 30 20
12.3
2003 2008
24.0 26.6
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
11.6
10 0
CED Overweight/Obese
Prevalence of CED among adults, 20 years old and over, by region: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
Philippines: 11.6
Region
Prevalence of overweight and obese adults, 20 years old and over, by region: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
Philippines: 26.6
32.2 29.8 29.9 29.3 28.0 27.0 29.1 28.8 29.6
Region
FNRI
Pregnant and Lactating Mothers
FNRI
Cut-off points used in classifying pregnant women based on weight-for-height (Magbitang, 1988)
Classification
Cut-off Point
Nutritionally at-risk Not Nutritionally at-risk
<P95 >P95
Percentage distribution of pregnant women by nutritional status and by age group: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
64.9
74.9
73.7
Percent
35.1
25.1
26.3
< 20 y
At-risk
> 20 y
Not at-risk
All
Percentage distribution of pregnant women by nutritional status: Philippines 2005 and 2008
FNRI
Nutritionally-at-risk Not nutritionally-at-risk
90 80 70
71.6
73.7
% Prevalence
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
28.4
26.3
2005
2008
Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women, by region: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
Philippines: 26.3
Region
FNRI
Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of lactating mothers based on BMI for adults (NCHS/WHO, 1978) and BMI-for-age for adolescents (Must, 1991)
Classification
Underweight Mild Normal Overweight Obese
Cut-off Point
Adolescents < P5 P5 to <P15 P15 to P85 > P85 Adults < 18.5 18.5 to <25.0 25.0 to <30.0 > 30.0
Percentage distribution of lactating mothers by nutritional status and by age group: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
100
6.7
16.8
16.1
80
Percent
60 40 20
80.4
70.1
70.9
12.9
0 < 20 y
Underweight
13.1
> 20 y
Normal
13.0
All
Overweight
Percentage distribution of lactating mothers by nutritional status: Philippines, 2005 and 2008
FNRI
80 70
66.3
Underweight Normal Overweight
70.9
% prevalence
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
13.9
19.8
13.0
16.1
2005
2008
Prevalence of underweight lactating mothers, by region: Philippines, 2008
FNRI
% Prevalence
Philippines: 13.0
Region
FNRI
Among children, 0 to 10 years old Undernutrition (base on weight-for-age and height-for-age) remains to be a public health problem, affecting nearly 3 out of 10 children. Between 2005 and 2008, the proportion of undernourished children has significantly increased, particularly more prevalent in selected provinces in MIMAROPA, Bicol, and selected areas in Visayas and Mindanao.
FNRI
Among children, 0 to 10 years old About 2 out of 10 children are overweight (base on weight-for-age). However, this remains to be the same from 2005. Among adolescents, 11 to 19 years old Underweight is nearly 2 out of every 10 adolescents (base on BMI-for-age), with males being more at-risk than females.
FNRI
Among adolescents, 11 to 19 years old Between 2005 and 2008, undernutrition among this age group has significantly increased while overnutrition has decreased. Regions found to be most at-risk to undernutrition among adolescents are MIMAROPA, Bicol, and Western Visayas.
FNRI
Among adults, 20 years old and above About 1 in every 10 adults are chronic energy deficient, while 3 out of 10 are overweight. The proportion of CED has decreased while overweight and obese has increased between 2003 and 2008. CED is more prevalent among the regions in Ilocos, Cagayan, MIMAROPA, Bicol, Western Visayas, Zamboanga Peninsula, and ARMM.
FNRI
Among pregnant and lactating women Between 2005 and 2008, the proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women has significantly decreased. The nutritionally at-risk pregnant women are mostly found in Ilocos, MIMAROPA, Bicol, Western Visayas, Zamboanga Peninsula, and ARMM. Undernutrition and overnutrition among lactating mothers have decreased significantly from 2005.
FNRI

Anthrop Preschool Adoles

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FNRI

FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Measurement of weight using Detecto weighing scale

Underweight / Short / Thin Average / Normal Overweight / Tall

<-2SD -2SD to +2SD >+2SD

Children, 0 to 5 Years Old

Underweight/ Underheight/ Thin

Estimated number of malnourished 05 year-old children based on NCHS/WHO IRS

Nutritional Status Underweight Underheight Thinness Overweight

Prevalence % 26.2 27.9 6.1 2.0

Estimated No. (in million)* 3.35 3.57 0.78 0.26

*Using NSO 2008 Projected Population based on 2000 Census

31.3 28.4 26.4 28.1

34.2 27.5 24.4

34.2 27.5 24.4

31.3 28.4 26.4 28.1

DEPARTMENT 10 OF SCIENCE AND 5 TECHNOLOGY

Normal curve 2005 2008

Normal curve 2005 2008

Normal curve 2005 2008

30.6% 26.9% 26.2% 24.6% 17.2% -1.29%

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10

Prevalence of underweight children, 0-5 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008

Prevalence of underheight children, 0-5 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008

Prevalence of thin children, 0-5 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008

PREVALENCE GROUP Low Medium High Very High

Magnitude of underweight children, 0-5 yearold, by province: FNRI Philippines, 2008

PREVALENCE GROUP Low Medium High Very High

Magnitude of underheight children, 0-5 yearold, by province: FNRI Philippines, 2008

PREVALENCE GROUP Low Medium High Very High

Children, 6 to 10 Years Old

*Using NSO 2008 Projected Population based on 2000 Census

Percentage of underweight-for-age children, 6-10 year-old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008

27.6 25.3 22.4 23.6

Percentage of underheight-for-age children, 6-10 year-old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008

Percentage of overweight-for-age children, 6-10 year-old, by single-age group: Philippines, 2008

27.6 25.3 22.4 23.6

FOOD AND 20 NUTRITION RESEARCH 15 INSTITUTE

1.8 1.4 1.2

41.1 35.8 33.1

FOOD AND 35 NUTRITION RESEARCH 30 34.2 INSTITUTE

25 DEPARTMENT OF 20 SCIENCE AND 15 TECHNOLOGY 10 5 0.1 0

32.0 25.6 22.8

32.9% 25.6% 28.3% 22.8% 17.1% -1.21% 25.6%

Prevalence of underweight children, 6-10 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008

33.0 34.0 32.2 24.7

31.6 30.6 27.2 26.2 27.8 25.6 26.9

23.6 19.2 18.1 14.5 20.0

DEPARTMENT 15 OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10

Prevalence of underheight children, 6-10 years old, by region: Philippines, 2008

Magnitude of underweight children, 6-10 yearold, by province: FNRI Philippines, 2008

PREVALENCE GROUP Low Medium High Very High

Magnitude of underheight children, 6-10 yearold, by province: FNRI Philippines, 2008

PREVALENCE GROUP Low Medium High Very High

Pre-adolescents / Adolescents, 11 to 19 Years Old

<P5 P5 to <P15 P15 to P85 >P85

69.0 21.1 21.7

21.7 16.0 17.0 11.1 11.7

Female 2005 2008

Prevalence of underweight adolescents, 11-19 years old by region: Philippines, 2008

Adults, 20 years old and above

<18.5 18.5 to <25.0 25.0 to 30.0 >30

70.3 62.3 13.7