1.

If A = {1, 2, 3} , B = {2, 4, 5} then find (i) (A B) (A B) (ii) A (AB) (iii) (A B) (A B) Solution :

2. Show that (~ Solution :

p q r )) q r ) p r ) r (~ ( (

(~ p ^ (~ q ^ r)) v (q ^ r) v (p ^ r) (~ p ^ (~ q ^ r)) v (q v p ^ r) (by distributive law) ((~ p ^ ~ q) ^ r)) v ((q v p) ^ r) (by associative law) ((~ p ^ ~ q) v ( q v p )) ^ r (by distributive law) (~(p v q ) v ( p v q )) ^ r (by De Morgans law and commutative law) T^r=r

3. Show that set R of real numbers is a group with respect to multiplication.

Solution:
Let < R, > be an algebraic system. Rule I. For closed operation For any a, b R; then a b R; hence is closed operation on R. Rule II. For associative operation: For any a, b, c R; Then a * ( b*c) = (a * b) *c a (b c) = (a b) c; hence is an associative operation on R. Rule III. For Identity For any a R; a e = e a = e = 1; Identity element Rule IV. For Inverse For any a R; Inverse of a is equal to 1/a; Because, a = e = 1; Identity element Therefore < R, > is a Group.

4. Prove that every cyclic group is abelian. Solution :

Let < G,* > be a cyclic group generated by g G

a*b = gr *gs = gr + s = g s+ r = gs * gr

a*b = b*a Therefore < G, * > is Abelian Note: Let < G,* > be a finite group generated by an element g G. If G is of order n, then an = e so that G = { a, a2..an = e}. n Further, n is the least positive integer for which a = e.

5. Prove that in any graph G the number of points of odd degree is even. Solution:
Let v1, v2, ..vk denote the points of odd degree and w1, w2, ..wm denote the points of even degree in G. By theorem, deg vi = 2q

Here,

deg v +

deg wi = 2q which is even

Further

deg w i is even

Hence

deg vi is also even

But deg vi is odd for each i. Hence k must be even

6. Obtain the median for the following distribution of error committed by computer operators. No. of errors 0-10 No. of computer 8 operators Solution: 10-20 18 20-30 12 30-40 10 40-50 2

Therefore

= 25

Therefore median class is 10 20 So L = 10, C = 8, h = 10, f = 18

Therefore Median = L + (

) ((

) c)

= 10 +

(25 8)

= 10 +

x 17

= 10 + 9.44 = 19.44 So the median = 19.44