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  • Pleural Effusion 2nd To Pneumonia

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    Aura Salve Ildefonso Allas
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    Pneumonia can lead to a pleural effusion through several pathophysiological mechanisms. Bacteria or viruses enter the lungs and cause an inflammatory response, damaging the lungs and impairing their defenses. Fluid builds up in the lungs and leaks into the pleural space, resulting in a pleural effusion. Risk factors that make pneumonia more likely include smoking, malnutrition, chronic diseases, and conditions that weaken the immune system. The effusion can cause chest pain and breathing difficulties as the lungs are compressed. Left untreated, it can lead to sepsis and death.

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    Pneumonia can lead to a pleural effusion through several pathophysiological mechanisms. Bacteria or viruses enter the lungs and cause an inflammatory response, damaging the lungs and impairing their defenses. Fluid builds up in the lungs and leaks into the pleural space, resulting in a pleural effusion. Risk factors that make pneumonia more likely include smoking, malnutrition, chronic diseases, and conditions that weaken the immune system. The effusion can cause chest pain and breathing difficulties as the lungs are compressed. Left untreated, it can lead to sepsis and death.

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    33 views2 pages

    Pleural Effusion 2nd To Pneumonia

    Uploaded by

    Aura Salve Ildefonso Allas
    Pneumonia can lead to a pleural effusion through several pathophysiological mechanisms. Bacteria or viruses enter the lungs and cause an inflammatory response, damaging the lungs and impairing their defenses. Fluid builds up in the lungs and leaks into the pleural space, resulting in a pleural effusion. Risk factors that make pneumonia more likely include smoking, malnutrition, chronic diseases, and conditions that weaken the immune system. The effusion can cause chest pain and breathing difficulties as the lungs are compressed. Left untreated, it can lead to sepsis and death.

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    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: PLEURAL EFFUSION SECONDARY TO PNEUMONIA PRECIPITATING FACTORS: -Smoking -Malnutrition -URTI -Dehydration -Tracheal Intubation -DM, Heart/Renal/Lung

    disease -Prolonged Immbolity -Cancer -Immunosuppressive therapy -Residence in institutional setting where transmission of disease is more likely

    PREDISPOSING FACTORS: -Age <65 yo

    VIRULENT MICROORGANISM

    Enter the nose, passes through larynx, pharynx and trachea

    Inflammatory pulmonary response to the offending microorganism

    Defense mechanisms of the lungs lose effectiveness and allow organisms to penetrate the sterile LRT

    Infiltration of bronchi
    Infectious organisms lodges to bronchioles Invasion of alveolar epithelium

    Disruption of mechanical defenses of cough and ciliary motility

    Colonization of lungs-infections

    Inflammation of alveolar sacs

    Alveolar collpase

    Increase interstitial lung water Fluid filled alveolar sacs cant exchange O2 and CO2 effectively

    Excess fluid accumulated in pericardial space

    Pleural effusion

    Necrosis of pulmonary tissue

    Increase pyrogen in the body

    Lung recoils inward Compression of airway DOB, DYSPNEA

    Chest recoils outward

    Sepsis
    DEATH FEVER, CHILLS

    Mismatch of ventilation-perfusion

    HYPOXEMIA

    DIFFICULTY EXPECTORATION and FATIGUE

    PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN

    Ref: Black, Hawks, Reene. Medical-Surgical Nursing. 6th Ed., Vol.2

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