J.T.

II Olivar, MAEd
Faculty of Arts and Letters
University of Santo Tomas
Outline of the Lecture
 Work
 Power
 Energy
Types of Energy
Forms of Energy
Sources of Energy
Work
 Work (W) is defined as the product of
the applied force (F) and the distance
(d) through which the object is moved.
 Two factors needed to work:
The application of force
The movement of something by that force
 The unit of work is Newton-meter (Nm),
also called joule (J)
Power
 Power is the rate at which work is done.
 Power=Work done/time interval
 The unit of power is expressed in Joule
per second (J/s) – this combination of
unit is called Watt (W) or Kilowatts (Kw)
Energy
 Energy is the ability to do work.
 Types of Energy
Potential Energy (PE) – “stored energy”
○ Composition
○ Position
○ State of Strain
○ PE=mgh
Kinetic Energy (KE)– “energy in motion”
○ KE=1/2 mv2
PE and KE may be
expressed as
1. Joule = 1 newton-meter – it is the
amount of work done by a force of one
newton through a distance of a meter.
2. Erg = dyne-cm – it is the amount of
work done by a force of one dyne
through a distance of a centimeter.
Forms of Energy
 Heat
 Electrical
 Chemical
 Radiant
 Atomic (Nuclear)
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Sources of Energy
 FossilFuels
 Hydroelectric Power
 Geothermal Energy
 Wind Energy
 Solar Energy
 Biomass
Simple Machines
A machine is a tool which makes doing
work easier by multiplying speed,
multiplying force of changing the
direction of force.
 Forces that act on the machines
Effort (E) – the force applied on the
machines
Resistance (R) – the load placed on the
machines
Mechanical Advantage
 Actual Mechanical Advantage
AMA=Resistance/Effort
 Theoretical Mechanical Advantage
TMA=Effort distance/Resistance distance
Efficiency
 It indicates how much of the work put
into a machine is done by the machine,
and how much work is rated due to
friction. It can be expressed in terms of
mechanical advantage or in terms of
work.
 Efficiency=TMA X 100
 Efficiency=AMA X 100
Kinds of Simple
Machines
 Lever
 Pulley
 Wheel and Axle
 Inclined Plane
 Screw
 Wedge