(a) Inference : thickness affects resistance (b) Hypothesis : If thickness increases, resistance decreases.

(c) (i) Aim : to study the relationship between thickness and resistance.

(ii) variables : - manipulated variable - responding variable - fixed variable

: thickness : resistance : type of material ( constantant)

(iii) List of apparatus and materials : 20 cm constantant wire of different thickness (swg 24, 26, 28, 30, 32), connecting wires, ammeter, voltmeter, battery holder, three 1.5 v cells, rheostat, switch.

(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus : batteries switch

rheostat

Constantan wire

(v) Procedure of the experiment: - Method of controlling the manipulated variable: (i) Set up circuit as in diagram (ii) use constantant wire of thickness swg 32. (ii) Turn on switch and adjust rheostat until current reading shown in ammeter, I = 0.5 A. -Method of measuring responding variable. (i) Record the potential difference reading shown in voltmeter, V (ii) Calculate resistance, R = V/I

- Repeatition. - Repeat the experiment using using wire of thickness swg= 30,28, 26, 24 (vi) Table of data : R/

thickness/swg 32 30 28 26 24

(vii) Analyzing data : graph of resistance, R against is plotted. resistance, R /

length, l / cm